ABSTRACT Orange peel, a physiological disorder, has been reported in Chilean sweet cherries (Prunus avium (L.) L.) after 35-45 d under modified atmosphere packaging (MAP). The ontogeny of the disorder is unknown, and preharvest factors have not been thoroughly investigated. This study involved two experiments to elucidate the association between environmental factors and the incidence of the orange peel disorder. In the first experiment, plant water potential, fruit position on the tree, relative humidity (RH), and radiation of sweet cherry trees were studied in ‘Regina’, ‘Kordia’, and ‘Lapins’. The second experiment focused on the interaction effect of heat during fruit development and the RH during storage in ‘Lapins’. The first experiment showed no clear response of orange peel incidence to natural variations in air temperature, vapor pressure deficit, and transmitted solar radiation (PPFD) within trees. However, significant differences in the incidence, severity, and timing of the disorder detection were observed among cultivars. In ‘Lapins’, orange peel disorder began before harvest in the green stage, 33.7 %, while ‘Regina’ and ‘Kordia’ showed negligible incidences of 1.25% and 0%, respectively. At postharvest, no differences were found among tree sections, either in incidence or severity of the disorder. For the second experiment, no differences in incidence were found in heated fruit during preharvest or postharvest RH treatments. However, it was observed that the higher the RH (100%), the lower the severity index (3.6) was for the orange peel disorder. The high incidence of the disorder during postharvest under natural or induced environmental conditions in the three cultivars evaluated demonstrates that RH mainly affects the orange peel disorder.

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to determine the energy storage capacity of the material obtained from cocoa husks in a capacitor configuration. The lignocellulosic material comes from Ecuadorian cocoa harvests used in agro-industrial processes. Analysis of the volatiles generated during instant pyrolysis was conducted using GC/MS technique. Additionally, a comparison of the capacitor with two different electrolytes was made: sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and sodium chloride (NaCl). The material processing involved carbonization and chemical activation processes, carried out in a pyrolysis reactor under an inert nitrogen (N2) atmosphere at a heating rate of 20 °C min-1, and activated at 850 °C in the same atmosphere for 4 hours. Electrodes were prepared from this material and tested using cyclic voltammetry to assess energy storage at different scan rates for five cycles. The results of the GC/MS analysis and cyclic voltammetry demonstrated that the prepared secondary raw material can be used to obtain high-value added products. The main identified volatile compounds include phenols, acetic acid, and alcohols. The maximum potential was 1,1 kW kg-1 with NaCl electrolyte, and the maximum durability was achieved with H2SO4 electrolyte with a power of 0,29 kW kg-1; these values were obtained at a scan rate of 100 mV s-1.

Resumen: El objetivo de este estudio es determinar la capacidad de almacenamiento energético del material obtenido de cascarilla de cacao en configuración de capacitor. El material lignocelulósico proviene de la cosecha de cacao ecuatoriano utilizado en procesos agroindustriales. Se realizó el análisis de los volátiles generados durante la pirólisis instantáneo mediante la técnica GC/MS; además, de la comparación del capacitor con dos electrólitos diferentes: ácido sulfúrico (H2SO4) y cloruro de sodio (NaCl). El procesamiento del material se realizó mediante un proceso de carbonización y otro de activación por vía química, los cuales se llevaron a cabo en un reactor de pirólisis en atmósfera inerte de nitrógeno (N2) a una velocidad de calefacción de 20 oC min-1 y se activaron a 850 oC en la misma atmósfera por 4 horas. A partir de este material se prepararon los electrodos y se probó mediante voltametría cíclica el almacenamiento de energía a diferentes velocidades de barrido para cinco ciclos. Los resultados del análisis GC/MS y de voltametría cíclica demostraron que la materia prima secundaria preparada puede utilizarse para obtener productos de alto valor agregado. Los principales compuestos volátiles identificados corresponden a fenoles, ácido acético y alcoholes. El máximo potencial fue de 1,1 kW kg-1 con electrolito de NaCl y, la máxima durabilidad se logró con electrolito de H2SO4 con una potencia de 0,29 kW kg-1 estos valores fueron obtenidos a una velocidad de 100 mV s-1.

ABSTRACT Storage is one of the main stages during grain production. The present study was conducted to evaluate the use of silo bags as an alternative for storing landrace cowpea grains. The experiment used samples of the Arigozinho, Manteiguinha, and Quarentão cowpea varieties from Cruzeiro do Sul - Acre, harvested in the 2021 crop season. The samples (500 g) were stored in raffia and silo bags for 30, 60, 90, and 120 days. The experimental design was completely randomized, arranged in a split-plot-in-time scheme (2 × 5) with four replicates. Storage conditions represented the plots: silo bags and raffia bags. The subplots comprised five storage conditions: 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 days for each landrace cowpea variety. The insect species identified in all varieties was Zabrotes subfasciatus, with infestation ranging from 49% to 98% in raffia bags and less than 10% in silo bags over 120 days. A depreciation in grain quality was observed during storage in raffia bags. There was increase in electrical conductivity, fluctuations in water content, and reductions in bulk density and germination due to the higher degree of infestation in all the investigated varieties. The grains stored in silo bags showed minimal variations over the 120 days, maintaining their initial quality throughout the storage period. The bag silo storage system is an effective alternative for controlling Z. subfasciatus and maintaining the grain quality of the varieties Arigozinho, Manteiguinha, and Quarentão for a period of up to 120 days. production Arigozinho Manteiguinha Acre 202 season 500 (50 g 30 60 90 12 randomized splitplotintime split plot time 2 ( 5 replicates plots 0 variety 49 98 10 conductivity content Z 20 50 (5 3 6 9 1 4

RESUMO O armazenamento é uma etapa crucial durante a produção de grãos. Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar o uso de silo bolsa como alternativa no armazenamento de grãos crioulos de feijão-caupi. Para o estudo utilizou-se amostras de feijão-caupi, das variedades Arigozinho, Manteiguinha e Quarentão, procedentes do município de Cruzeiro do Sul - Acre, safra 2021. As amostras de 500 g foram armazenadas em silos bolsa e sacos de ráfia, durante 30, 60, 90, 120 dias. O experimento foi inteiramente casualizado, com parcelas subdivididas no tempo (2 × 5), com quatro repetições. As parcelas foram as condições de armazenamento: silo bolsa e sacos de ráfia, e as subparcelas, os períodos de armazenamento: 0, 30, 60, 90 e 120 dias para cada variedade crioula de feijão-caupi. Zabrotes subfasciatus foi identificado em todas as variedades, com infestações de 49 a 98% em sacos de ráfia e inferiores a 10% em silo bolsa ao longo de 120 dias. Foi observado a depreciação na qualidade dos grãos durante o período de armazenamento em sacos de ráfia. Houve aumento na condutividade elétrica, flutuações no teor de água, redução da massa específica aparente e na germinação, devido ao maior grau de infestação em todas as variedades investigadas. Os grãos em silo bolsa apresentaram mínimas variações e mantiveram a qualidade inicial durante 120 dias. O armazenamento em silo bolsa é eficaz no controle de Z. subfasciatus e na manutenção da qualidade dos grãos das variedades Arigozinho, Manteiguinha e Quarentão por até 120 dias. feijãocaupi. feijãocaupi feijão caupi. caupi feijão-caupi utilizouse utilizou se feijãocaupi, caupi, Arigozinho Acre 2021 50 30 60 12 casualizado 2 ( 5, 5 , 5) repetições subparcelas 0 9 4 98 10 elétrica água germinação investigadas Z 202 3 6 1 20

Resumen: El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar el efecto de la atmósfera, definida como el diseño consciente del ambiente de la tienda para crear ciertas respuestas en los compradores, en los valores de compra, la actitud hacia la compra y las emociones sobre la intención de recompra en una tienda online, basado en el modelo Estímulo-Organismo-Respuesta (S-O-R, por sus siglas en inglés). Aunque estos elementos han sido estudiados ampliamente en el contexto de tiendas físicas, artículos recientes que analizan la influencia de estos elementos en el ambiente online muestran la relevancia de estudios como este en investigaciones académicas actuales de mercadeo. Los resultados de una encuesta realizada a 306 usuarios de una tienda farmacéutica online, residentes de Venezuela y otros países de América Latina, se analizaron usando ecuaciones estructurales. Los hallazgos permiten concluir que el uso del modelo S-O-R es apropiado en la predicción del comportamiento de compra online, y confirman que el valor de compra hedónico tiene un impacto directo significativo tanto en la actitud hacia las compras como en la compra emocional. Por otra parte, el valor de compra utilitario afecta negativamente la compra emocional y el factor informático favorece la actitud hacia las compras. Por último, la actitud hacia las compras y la compra emocional predicen la intención de recompra. Se discuten las implicaciones para los especialistas en marketing.

Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the online store atmosphere, shopping values, attitude toward online shopping and emotions on the repurchase intention in an online store, based on the Stimulus-Organism-Response model (S-O-R). Although these elements have been studied in the context of brick-and-mortar stores, recent articles that analyze the influence of these elements in the online environment demonstrate the relevance of this study in current marketing research. The results of an online survey conducted with 306 users of an online pharmaceutical store, which included residents of Venezuela and of other Latin American countries, were analyzed using structural equations, evaluating both the measurement model and the relationship model. The findings allow us to conclude that the use of the S-O-R model is appropriate in predicting online purchase behavior, having achieved an adequate fit, and confirm that the hedonic purchase value has a significant direct impact on both the attitude toward online shopping and the emotional purchase. On the other hand, the utilitarian purchase value negatively affects the emotional purchase and the computer factor favors the attitude toward online purchase. Finally, the attitude toward online shopping and the emotional purchase predicts the repurchase intention. Implications for marketers are discussed.

ABSTRACT Exposure to airborne pollen allergens is an important environmental factor in triggering respiratory allergic diseases, such as rhinitis and asthma. These diseases lead to a reduction in patients’ quality of life and an increase in socioeconomic costs throughout Europe, including Portugal. One of the most common information available to patients with pollinosis and their clinicians is the concentration of pollen grains present in the atmosphere of outdoor environments, bioaerosols whose temporal distribution is contained in the pollen calendars. Another fundamental instrument is the Pollen Bulletin, which provides pollen forecasts. Given the scientific evidence of the relationship between pollen concentrations and allergic symptoms, such information and prevention tools have been essential for the general population and the medical community assisting in these pathologies. The aeropalynological information disclosed is only possible with the continuous environmental monitoring carried out by the Portuguese Aerobiology Network for more than two decades in Portugal. The Pollen incidence maps presented here, constructed based on the information that gave rise to the pollen calendars, show the incidence of the main allergenic pollen types to which the populations of each region of the country are exposed and shall constitute an essential tool in the clinical practice in the allergic disease field in Portugal.

RESUMO A exposição a aeroalergénios polínicos é um importante fator ambiental desencadeante de doenças alérgicas respiratórias, tais como a rinite e a asma. Estas patologias conduzem a uma redução da qualidade de vida dos doentes e a um aumento dos custos socioeconómicos por toda a Europa, incluindo em Portugal. Uma das informações mais comuns disponíveis para os doentes com polinose e seus clínicos é a concentração de grãos de pólen presentes na atmosfera dos ambientes exteriores, bioaerossóis cuja distribuição temporal se encontra contida nos calendários polínicos. Outro instrumento fundamental é o “Boletim Polínico”, instrumento que informa as previsões de grãos de pólen na atmosfera. Dada a evidência cientificamente comprovada da relação entre concentrações de pólen e sintomatologia alérgica, tais ferramentas de informação e de prevenção têm sido imprescindíveis quer para a população em geral, quer para a comunidade médica que a assiste nestas patologias. As informações aeropalinológicas divulgadas só são possíveis com a monitorização ambiental contínua que tem sido feita pela Rede Portuguesa de Aerobiologia há mais de duas décadas em Portugal. Os mapas de incidência polínica aqui apresentados, construídos com base na informação que deu origem aos calendários polínicos, mostram a incidência dos principais tipos polínicos alergizantes a que as populações de cada região do país estão expostas e constituirão um instrumento essencial na prática clínica no domínio da doença alérgica em Portugal.

Abstract The objective of the research was to design a netnography model for the analysis of the gastronomic tourism scenario of the international destination of Los Cabos, Mexico through tourism promotion and digital footprint reviews. The research was qualitative, exploratory and descriptive in scope. A netnography model was designed, in two stages, first a guide for the corporate website for the Los Cabos Tourism Trust, in the tab of restaurants by region (gastronomic offer) and second category a virtual observation guide for evaluation and review of comments on TripAdvisor (evaluation of diners). The results showed that in the culinary scene of the international destination of Los Cabos diners have diverse categories representative of the municipality, mainly: seafood (42%), international cuisine (40%), Mexican cuisine (31%), luxury restaurants (19%) and signature cuisine (12%). The garden-to-table experience based on sustainable gastronomy is a trend among diners. There are three gastronomic proposals in the rural zone of the municipality of Los Cabos with regional food, in addition to a gastronomic district 23400, composed of 15 restaurants. In relation to the perception of the diners in the evaluations on TripAdvisor is 4.5/5 so it was considered positive, they indicated high satisfaction in quality, service, atmosphere and ambience. The profile of the traveler who opts for gourmet food rates it as 5/5 excellent. In conclusion, the proposed model facilitated the identification of components of the gastronomic scenario of the tourist destination.

Resúmen El objetivo de la investigación fue diseñar una modelo de netnografía para el análisis del escenario del turismo gastronómico del destino internacional de Los Cabos, México a través de la promoción turística y reseñas de la huella digital. La investigación fue cualitativa de alcance exploratoria y descriptivo. Se diseñó un modelo de netnografía, en dos etapas, primero una guía para la página web corporativa para el Fideicomiso de Turismo de Los Cabos, en la pestaña de restaurantes por región (oferta gastronómica) y categoría segunda una guía de observación virtual para evaluación y revisión de comentarios en TripAdvisor (evaluación de los comensales). Los resultados mostraron que en la escena culinaria del destino internacional de Los Cabos los comensales tienen diversas categorías representativas del municipio, principalmente: mariscos (42%), cocina internacional (40%), cocina mexicana (31%), restaurantes de lujo (19%) y cocina de autor (12%). La experiencia del huerto a la mesa basada en una gastronomía sustentable es una tendencia en los comensales. Existen tres propuestas gastronómicas en la zona rural del municipio de Los Cabos con comida regional, además de un distrito gastronómico 23400, compuesto por 15 restaurantes. Con relación a la percepción de los comensales en las evaluaciones en TripAdvisor es 4.5/5 por lo que se consideró positivo, indicaron alta satisfacción en calidad, servicio, atmósfera y ambiente. El perfil de viajero que opta por comida gourmet lo califica en 5/5 excelente. En conclusión, el modelo propuesto facilito la identificación de componentes del escenario gastronómico del destino turístico.

ABSTRACT Plastic transformation enterprises are of great importance due to their impact on others belonging to strategic sectors. However, the high consumption of electrical energy in the processing of these materials contributes negatively to the environment. The objective of this research is to determine the indirect emissions of greenhouse gases based on carbon dioxide, from the fixed consumption of energy in a plastics factory in the province of Holguín, Cuba. The methods used were the techniques for recording and processing data, direct observation, work with groups of experts and surveys, as well as documents analysis. A procedure based on the Tangram Technology methodology was designed to determine the amount of equivalent carbon dioxide that is emitted into the atmosphere. The study was carried out in the period between 2020 and 2022. The main results include the following: energy management at the Holguín Plastics Factory was improved based on the identification of energy saving opportunities in administrative areas, departments and attached premises, implementing an action plan that allowed a decrease in the pollutant load to the atmosphere in the analyzed stage.

RESUMEN Las fábricas de transformación de plásticos poseen gran importancia por su incidencia en otras pertenecientes a sectores estratégicos. Sin embargo, el alto consumo de energía eléctrica en el procesamiento de estos materiales, contribuye negativamente al medio ambiente. El objetivo de esta investigación es determinar las emisiones indirectas de gases de efecto invernadero en base al dióxido de carbono, a partir del consumo fijo de energía en una fábrica de plásticos de la provincia de Holguín, Cuba. Los métodos utilizados fueron las técnicas para registro y procesamiento de datos, la observación directa, el trabajo con grupos de expertos y encuestas, así como el análisis de documentos. Se diseñó un procedimiento basado en la metodología de Tangram Technology, para determinar la cantidad de dióxido de carbono equivalente que se emite a la atmósfera. El estudio se realizó en el periodo comprendido entre el 2020 al 2022. Como principales resultados, destacan los siguientes: se logró mejorar la gestión energética en la Fábrica Plásticos Holguín a partir de la identificación de oportunidades de ahorro de energía en las áreas administrativas, departamentos y locales anexos, implementando un plan de acción que permitió una disminución de la carga contaminante a la atmósfera en la etapa analizada.

Abstract Authenticity and the quality of content are becoming progressively more distinguishing characteristics for affirming destinations. Globalization has promoted cultural exchange, and Japanese pop culture is an example. Due to its diverse elements that captivate different audiences, it has spread worldwide, causing fan movements, and influencing various events. This article examines the relationship between tourism, events, and Japanese pop culture, assessing the tourism potential of this trend and its effects on the destination and source. Through direct and participant observations at some of the most prominent events on this subject, questionnaires to participants from different nationalities, and interviews with Japanese pop culture event organizers, researchers in this field, enthusiastic participants, and other stakeholders, the optimal understanding of the relationship between this trend and events and tourism, still few explored, was achieved. It is disclosed that these events contribute significantly to the promotion of content tourism, the fostering of strong international relations, and the connection of cultures. The success of events conducted beyond one's home region is notably influenced by a multitude of continuous impacts and opportunities. These include the dynamic and social atmosphere of the events, which facilitates travel both within and between countries.

Resumo A autenticidade e a riqueza dos conteúdos são elementos cada vez mais diferenciadores para a afirmação dos destinos. A globalização tem incentivado a partilha intercultural e a cultura pop japonesa é um bom exemplo, ao expandir-se para todo o mundo, influenciando eventos e deslocações de fãs entre destinos pela sua variedade de elementos que atraem a atenção de diversos públicos. Este artigo analisa a relação entre turismo, eventos e a cultura pop japonesa, explorando a potencialidade turística desta tendência e os impactes dos eventos relativos a esta cultura, quer seja para o destino anfitrião, como para a origem destes conteúdos. Para além de uma profunda revisão da literatura, esta investigação é sustentada por uma abordagem mista, qualitativa e quantitativa, recorrendo a observações diretas e participantes a alguns dos maiores eventos desta temática, questionários a participantes de diferentes nacionalidades e entrevistas a diversos stakeholders. Os resultados permitem evidenciar que esses eventos desempenham um papel significativo na promoção do turismo de conteúdos, conectando culturas e promovendo relações sólidas entre diferentes nações. São evidenciados vários impactes e oportunidades associadas a estes eventos, que se distinguem pela multiplicidade de atividades e o seu carácter ativo e social.

Resumen La autenticidad y la riqueza de los contenidos son cada vez más elementos diferenciadores para la afirmación de los destinos. La globalización ha fomentado el intercambio intercultural y la cultura pop japonesa es un buen ejemplo, ya que se ha expandido por todo el mundo, influyendo en eventos y movimientos de fans entre destinos debido a su variedad de elementos que atraen la atención de diferentes públicos. Este artículo analiza la relación entre turismo, eventos y cultura pop japonesa, explorando el potencial turístico de esta tendencia y los impactos de los eventos que la exploran, ya sea para el destino anfitrión o para el origen de este contenido. A través de un estudio que utilizó observaciones directas y participantes en algunos de los eventos más importantes sobre este tema, cuestionarios a participantes de diferentes nacionalidades y entrevistas con organizadores de eventos de cultura pop japonesa, investigadores en esta área, participantes ávidos y otras partes interesadas, se logró la interpretación ideal de la relación entre esta tendencia y los eventos y el turismo, aún poco explorada. Se revela que estos eventos juegan un papel importante en la promoción del turismo de contenidos, conectando culturas y promoviendo relaciones sólidas entre diferentes naciones. Al tener una serie de impactos y oportunidades asociados, la multiplicidad de actividades y el carácter activo y social de los eventos destacan por el éxito de eventos fuera de su región de origen, permitiendo viajes dentro de un país y a través de fronteras.

Abstract The immediate task of the Mexican post-revolutionary governments in the twenties was the creation and consolidation of institutions that would build the ideological program of the new state. In this task, intellectuals played a prominent role, particularly in the debate on the definitions of culture and national identity, which fostered an atmosphere of exchange of ideas, as well as tensions between different artistic and intellectual groups. This article analyzes two specific groups: the first headed by José Vasconcelos and the second by Pedro Henríquez Ureña. Both characters shared an intellectual bond and common purposes, but different ways of fulfilling those goals: on the one hand, as a maker of institutions, directly linked to the governmental structure and government actions and on the other, as a social critic. Thus, through the comparative analysis of two publications in particular: La falange. Revista de cultura latina, as organ of the group linked to José Vasconcelos, and Vida Mexicana. Revista mensual de ideas de interés, by those who followed Pedro Henríquez Ureña, analyzes the trajectory of two ways of understanding the social role attributed to intellectuals, the points in common of these groups, as well as the differences in the projects and trajectories that followed later.

Resumen La tarea inmediata de los gobiernos mexicanos post revolucionarios en la década de los veinte fue la creación y consolidación de instituciones que construyeran el programa ideológico del nuevo Estado. En esa tarea, los intelectuales tuvieron un papel destacado, particularmente en el debate sobre las definiciones de la cultura e identidad nacional, en que se propició un ambiente de intercambio de ideas, así como de tensiones entre diferentes grupos artísticos e intelectuales. Este artículo analiza dos grupos en específico: el primero, encabezado por José Vasconcelos y el segundo, por Pedro Henríquez Ureña. Ambos personajes compartieron un vínculo intelectual y propósitos comunes, pero con maneras diferenciadas de cumplir con esas metas: el primero, como un hacedor de instituciones, vinculado directamente con la estructura gubernamental y las acciones de gobierno y, el segundo, como crítico social, además de atender el perfeccionamiento de su actividad artística. Así, a través del análisis comparativo de dos publicaciones en particular: La falange. Revista de cultura latina, como órgano del grupo vinculado con José Vasconcelos, y Vida Mexicana. Revista mensual de ideas de interés, por parte quienes siguieron a Pedro Henríquez Ureña, se analiza la trayectoria de dos formas de entender el papel social que se atribuía a los intelectuales, los puntos en común de estos grupos, así como las diferencias en los proyectos y trayectorias que siguieron después.

Resumen La democracia en la era digital trae consigo nuevas preocupaciones en medio de la atmósfera de desconfianza, la crisis de la representación y la fatiga democrática que contribuye a elevar los zumbidos y profundiza la confusión, especialmente en época electoral. En tal sentido, la aldea digital introduce nuevas prácticas que deben ser entendidas y debatidas al girar en torno a un individualismo hiperinformado manipulado que afecta la democracia liberal. El debate público en clave con la comunicación pública virtual y, al mismo momento, los colaterales para el proyecto democrático debe ser objeto de reflexión ante la abierta manipulación buscando la frontera entre el ejercicio de la libertad de expresión y la censura previa.

Resumo A democracia na era digital traz consigo novas preocupações no meio da atmosfera de desconfiança, da crise de representação e da fadiga democrática que contribui para aumentar o burburinho e aprofundar a confusão, especialmente em tempo de eleições. Neste sentido, a aldeia digital introduz novas práticas que devem ser compreendidas e debatidas, uma vez que gira em torno de um individualismo manipulado e hiper-informado que afecta a democracia liberal. O debate público em termos de comunicação pública virtual e, ao mesmo tempo, os danos colaterais ao projeto democrático devem ser objeto de reflexão face à manipulação aberta, procurando a fronteira entre o exercício da liberdade de expressão e a censura prévia.

Abstract Democracy in the digital age brings with it new concerns amid the atmosphere of mistrust, the crisis of representation and democratic fatigue that contributes to heightened buzz and deepens confusion, especially in electoral times. In this sense, the digital village introduces new practices that must be understood and debated as they revolve around a manipulated hyper-informed individualism that affects liberal democracy. The public debate in key with virtual public communication and, at the same time, the collaterals for the democratic project must be the object of reflection before the open manipulation seeking the border between the exercise of freedom of expression and prior censorship.

ABSTRACT The prevailing synoptic conditions in one place are directly linked to the implementation values of contaminants in the atmosphere. Its study allows to determine the presence of phenomena that favor to a greater or lesser extent the accumulation of polluting substances. Taking this into account, the present investigation aimed to determine the behavior of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen and ozone dioxide in two locations in Havana under the influence of different types of synoptic situations. The data comes from automatic monitoring stations and correspond to time concentrations of the pollutants criteria. From these the daily average concentrations were calculated in µg/m3 and grouped according to the type of synoptic situation that predominated. The sampling period was from November 2015 to October 2016. To determine the relationship with the TSS, the Kruskal-Wallis H test was performed and to study this relationship in greater detail the Dunn test. The maximum average concentration values were obtained when the localities were under the weak influence of the subtropical anti -cyclone of the North Atlantic and the migratory continental anticyclones.

RESUMEN Las condiciones sinópticas imperantes en un lugar están directamente vinculadas con los valores de inmisión de contaminantes en la atmósfera. Su estudio permite determinar la presencia de fenómenos que favorecen en mayor o menor grado la acumulación de sustancias contaminantes. Teniendo esto en cuenta, la presente investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar el comportamiento de las inmisiones de Dióxido de Azufre, Dióxido de Nitrógeno y Ozono en dos localidades de La Habana bajo la influencia de diferentes tipos de situaciones sinópticas. Los datos provienen de estaciones de monitoreo automático y corresponden a concentraciones horarias de los contaminantes criterio. A partir de estas se calcularon las concentraciones medias diarias en µg/m3 y se agruparon según el tipo de situación sinóptica que predominaba. El período de muestreo fue desde noviembre del 2015 hasta octubre del 2016. Para determinar la relación con los TSS se realizó la prueba H de Kruskal-Wallis y para estudiar esta relación en mayor detalle la prueba de Dunn. Los máximos valores medios de concentración se obtuvieron cuando las localidades estuvieron bajo la débil influencia del Anticiclón Subtropical del Atlántico Norte y los anticiclones continentales migratorios.

Abstract This article, fundamentally, investigates the possible links that may be established between material conditions and scriptural procedures of La filial by Matías Celedón and the concept of «Death of the Author» (1968) by Roland Barthes. It also reviews the bureaucratic and oppressive structure and atmosphere of the office in which the plot takes place, proposing a comparison with two classic works on the subject: Bartleby, the Scrivener (1853) and Bouvard and Pécuchet (1880). Finally, it is alludes to references of experimental poetry such as Martín Gubbins, Guillermo Deisler, Elsa Werth y Sergio Chejfec, among others, with the aim of outlining a kind of «Office Writing» that transcends the usual differences between the narrative and poetic genres.

Resumen Este artículo indaga, fundamentalmente, en los posibles vínculos que puedan establecerse entre las condiciones materiales y procedimientos escriturales de La filial de Matías Celedón y el concepto «muerte del autor» (1968) de Roland Barthes. También revisa la estructura y la atmósfera burocrática y agobiante de la oficina en la que se desarrolla la trama, planteando una comparación con dos obras clásicas sobre el tema: Bartleby, el escribiente (1853) y Bouvard y Pécuchet (1880). Finalmente, alude a referentes de la poesía experimental como Martín Gubbins, Guillermo Deisler, Elsa Werth y Sergio Chejfec, entre otros, con el objetivo de perfilar una suerte de «escritura de oficina» que trasciende las diferencias habituales entre los géneros narrativo y poético.

Resumo Em tempo de guerra, repensar a conceção espacial com uma abordagem holística pode impulsionar a inovação. A este respeito, o estudo da conceção espacial de eventos artísticos é uma questão urgente que requer uma investigação aprofundada. O objetivo do trabalho científico é estudar o fenómeno do “design espacial”, bem como estudar os problemas da crise, em particular, o design ucraniano do espaço dos eventos da direção artística nas realidades da lei marcial. Para estudar esta questão, foram utilizados o método de análise, o método de investigação descritiva e o inquérito. Como resultado da investigação científica, foi estudada e analisada a situação real da crise da conceção espacial das atividades artísticas na Ucrânia, bem como foi estudado e descrito o foco da visão e das tendências introduzidas no domínio da conceção espacial em condições de guerra. O desenvolvimento das tecnologias digitais e a sua utilização no domínio do design reduziram consideravelmente os custos materiais e de tempo associados à mobilidade do planeamento e da criação de um projeto de espaço artístico. É por isso que o conforto do ambiente, onde as pessoas se sentirão seguras e confortáveis, é um dos principais requisitos para o espaço dos eventos artísticos que se realizam durante as operações militares. As necessidades dos visitantes de eventos artísticos na Ucrânia também foram investigadas através de um inquérito. Com base nas respostas e no contexto do tempo de guerra, foram definidos os principais requisitos para a conceção espacial de eventos artísticos na Ucrânia em condições de agressão militar por parte da Rússia.

Abstract During wartime, rethinking spatial design with a holistic approach can drive innovation. In this regard, the study of the spatial design of art events is an urgent issue that requires thorough research. The purpose of the scientific work is to study the phenomenon of “spatial design”, as well as to study the problems of the crisis, in particular, the Ukrainian design of the space of the events of the artistic direction in the realities of martial law. To study this issue, the analysis method, descriptive research method and survey were used. As a result of the scientific research, the real state of the crisis of spatial design of artistic activities in Ukraine was studied and analysed, as well as the focus of the vision and trends introduced in the field of spatial design in the conditions of war were studied and described. The development of digital technologies and their use in the field of design has greatly reduced the material and time costs associated with the mobility of planning and creating a project of artistic space. That is why the comfort of the atmosphere, where people will feel safe and comfortable, is one of the main requirements for the space of artistic events that take place during military operations. The needs of visitors to art events in Ukraine were also investigated through a survey. Based on the answers and the wartime context, the main requirements for the spatial design of artistic events in Ukraine under the conditions of military aggression from Russia were formed.

ABSTRACT In this work, the implementation of solar panels in the Villa Clara Dairy Products Company, UEB Sagua la Grande, is evaluated. Measurements of the structures were made and optimal orientations were chosen to improve performance. The free software of the European commission PVGIS was used to facilitate the study of the solar resource and photovoltaic potential. It is a very useful tool for carrying out feasibility studies of photovoltaic systems. With the performance analysis, an annual generation of 648.5 MWh is forecast. This approach is not only energy efficient, but environmentally significant, as it will avoid the emission of 9,453 tons of CO2, 53 tons of SO2 and 18 tons of NO2 into the atmosphere. In addition, it is highlighted that the project will contribute to saving the country 2,882 tons of fuel. These results underline the importance and potential of renewable energy, not only to reduce dependence on fossil fuels, but also to mitigate climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

RESUMEN En el presente trabajo se evalúa la implementación de paneles solares en la Empresa de Productos Lácteos Villa Clara, UEB Sagua la Grande. Se realizaron mediciones de las estructuras y se eligieron las orientaciones óptimas para mejorar el rendimiento. Se utilizó el software gratuito de la comisión europea PVGIS, para facilitar el estudio del recurso solar y el potencial fotovoltaico. Se trata de una herramienta muy útil para hacer estudios de viabilidad de sistemas fotovoltaicos. Con el análisis de rendimiento, se pronostica una generación anual de 648,5 MWh. Este enfoque no solo es energéticamente eficiente, sino ambientalmente significativo, ya que evitará la emisión de 9453 toneladas de CO2, 53 toneladas de SO2 y 18 toneladas de NO2 a la atmósfera. Además, se destaca que el proyecto contribuirá al ahorro de 2882 toneladas de combustible al país. Estos resultados subrayan la importancia y el potencial de las energías renovables, no solo para reducir la dependencia de los combustibles fósiles, sino también para mitigar el cambio climático al reducir las emisiones de los gases de efecto invernadero.

Resumen La frutilla chilena (Fragaria chiloensis) es una especie nativa de Chile. Es un fruto apreciado por los consumidores por sus propiedades organolépticas, pero es altamente perecedero. Dado que es un fruto no climatérico, debe ser cosechado en el momento óptimo de maduración para asegurar su calidad durante la comercialización. La calidad de estos frutos se mide por apariencia, sabor, aroma, valor nutricional y firmeza, la cual experimenta cambios durante el proceso de maduración. La especie presenta una alta tasa de pérdida de firmeza o ablandamiento, que se asocia a la elevada actividad de enzimas de las fracciones hemicelulosa y pectina de la pared celular, como la poligalacturonasa, a-arabinofuranosidasa, p-galactosidasa, endo-glucanasa, p-xilosidasa, xiloglucano endotransglicosilasa/hidrolasa y ramnogalacturonano liasa en diversas etapas de maduración. La firmeza es un atributo clave para la comercialización y la mantención de la calidad organoléptica, por lo que su control es necesario durante el almacenamiento. Para ello, se han investigado los efectos de tratamientos pre o postcosecha, como atmósferas modificadas, y aplicaciones exógenas de calcio, auxina, metil jasmonato, quitosano y sulfuro de hidrógeno, que contribuyen a mantener este atributo al reducir la solubilización de las pectinas, así como otros aspectos de la calidad organoléptica y nutricional durante el almacenamiento. Esta revisión bibliográfica presenta hallazgos sobre la biología de maduración de Fragaria chiloensis, las investigaciones más recientes sobre el fenómeno de ablandamiento y sus bases bioquímicas y moleculares, así como intervenciones orientadas a mantener la calidad y extender la vida postcosecha de este fruto.

Abstract The Chilean strawberry (Fragaria chiloensis) is a native species to Chile. Consumers value this fruit for its organoleptic properties, but it is highly perishable. Since it is a non-climacteric fruit, harvesting at the optimum ripening stage is essential to ensure its quality during commercialization. In this fruit, quality is determined by appearance, flavor, aroma, nutritional value, and firmness, which changes during ripening. The species presents a high rate of firmness loss or softening, associated with the elevated enzymatic activity of cell wall-modifying enzymes of the pectin and hemicellulose fractions, such as polygalacturonase, a-arabinofuranosidase, p-galactosidase, endo- glucanase, p-xylosidase, xyloglucan endotransglycosilase/hydrolase and rhamnogalacturonan lyase at different ripening stages. Firmness is a key trait for commercialization and organoleptic quality; hence, its management during storage is necessary. Different studies have investigated the effects of pre or postharvest treatments, such as modified atmosphere packaging and exogenous applications of calcium, auxin, methyl jasmonate, chitosan, and hydrogen sulfide, which maintain fruit firmness by reducing pectin solubilization and improve other attributes responsible for organoleptic and nutritional quality during storage. This literature review focuses on the ripening biology of Fragaria chiloensis and recent findings regarding softening and its biochemical and molecular basis, as well as interventions oriented to maintain the quality and extend the shelf-life of this fruit.