The selective separation of precious metals from complex aqueous solutions is important in protecting the environment, aquatic ecosystems, water resources and recycling resources. In this study, cysteine-containing polymeric nanoparticles were synthesized using the molecular imprinting (MIP) technique with the mini-emulsion polymerization method. The basis of the polymer design is inspired by affinity of silver to cysteine in biological systems. The synthesized silver ion imprinted (Ag+-IIP) poly(hydroxyethylmethacrylate-N -methacryloyl-L-cysteine) poly(HEMA-MAC) nanoparticles were characterized by elemental analysis, zeta sizer, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effects of pH, ionic strength and interaction time on adsorption of Ag+ ions were investigated. In experimental studies, the highest adsorption amount (196.9 mg g1 nanoparticle) was reached in a short period of 40 min at pH 5.0 and 150 mg L-1 concentration. Selectivity studies of synthesized Ag+-IIP nanoparticles against silver (Ag+) ions were carried out in the presence of lithium (Li+), barium (Ba2+), mercury (Hg2+) and cadmium (Cd2+) ions. Experimental results indicate that nanoparticles adsorb Ag+ ions with high selectivity. Ag+-IIP nanoparticles have 3.7, 3.1, 2.4, and 2.6 times more selective or higher affinity for Ag+ ions compared to Li+, Ba2+, Hg2+ and Cd2+ ions, respectively, compared to Ag+-non-imprinted (NIP) nanoparticles. environment ecosystems study cysteinecontaining containing MIP (MIP miniemulsion mini emulsion method systems Ag+IIP AgIIP IIP Ag (Ag+-IIP polyhydroxyethylmethacrylateN poly hydroxyethylmethacrylate N methacryloylLcysteine methacryloyl L -methacryloyl-L-cysteine polyHEMAMAC HEMA MAC poly(HEMA-MAC analysis sizer FTIR (FTIR spectroscopy AFM, AFM , (AFM) SEM. SEM . (SEM) investigated 196.9 1969 196 9 (196. g nanoparticle 4 50 5 0 5. 15 L1 1 L- concentration (Ag+ Li Li+ (Li+) Ba2 Ba Ba2+ (Ba2+) Hg2 Hg (Hg2+ Cd2 Cd (Cd2+ selectivity 37 3 7 3.7 31 3.1 24 2 2.4 26 6 2. respectively Ag+nonimprinted Agnonimprinted non NIP (NIP (AFM (SEM 196. 19 (196 (Ag (Li+ (Ba2+ (Hg2 (Cd2 3. nonimprinted (19 (Li (Ba2 (Hg (Cd (1 (Ba (

This study aimed to employ bibliometric methodologies to provide an overview of silver nanoparticles used as antimicrobial agents over the past decade. According to research conducted using the Scopus and Web of Science databases, a total of 2504 articles were published globally, of which 109 were from Brazilian institutions. Notably, approximately 70% of the leading article-producing countries are in Asia, with India emerging as the primary contributor with 1892 articles. Brazil ranked sixth in terms of publication volume, contributing 366 articles. Predominantly, the Southeastern region of Brazil exhibited the highest publication output, constituting 61% of the total, with the state of São Paulo playing a central role. Despite a gradual increase in the number of publications, most studies focused on synthesis methodologies, mainly producing aqueous silver nanoparticle solutions and their correlation with antimicrobial applications. The scarcity of publications addressing their efficacy in final commercialized products poses challenges for regulatory actions, quality control, and sanitary surveillance. Bibliometric studies are valuable tools for guiding future research efforts with significant potential impacts to foster a deeper understanding of this topic within the scientific community. decade databases 250 globally 10 institutions Notably 70 articleproducing article Asia 189 volume 36 Predominantly output 61 role applications actions control surveillance community 25 1 7 18 3 6 2

Faced with the global challenge of water treatment, the investigation of the removal of endocrine disruptor compounds (EDCs) in aquatic environments is essential to protect human and animals health. In this study, a novel nanocomposite was prepared from biochar from agricultural waste (corn cob) and maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) nanoparticles, named PCCN, to remove four EDCs (triclosan, 17α-ethinylestradiol, methylparaben, and bisphenol A) from aqueous solutions by adsorption. For the characterization of PCCN, the advanced techniques Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis (BET), pH of point of zero charge (pHpzc), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetry (TGA) were employed. Competitive adsorption equilibrium studies of EDCs were performed with PCCN and compared to unmodified biochar (PCC). The pH effect showed that optimal adsorption of EDCs was at pH 8.0 for PCC and pH 6.0 for PCCN. The salt concentration did not influence EDCs in the adsorption. In the adsorption isotherm, the results fitted the Freundlich isotherm model (R2 > 0.903) and the adsorption kinetics were well described by the pseudo-second-order model (R2 > 0.985). Furthermore, the desorption studies indicated that the PCCN can be reused. Thus, the investigation suggests PCCN has promising potential in the removal of EDCs from wastewater. treatment (EDCs health study corn cob γFe2O3 γFeO γ Fe2O3 Fe O (γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles triclosan, triclosan (triclosan 17αethinylestradiol, 17αethinylestradiol αethinylestradiol 17α ethinylestradiol, ethinylestradiol α 17α-ethinylestradiol methylparaben A FTIR, FTIR , (FTIR) BrunauerEmmettTeller Brunauer Emmett Teller BET, BET (BET) pHpzc, pHpzc (pHpzc) SEM, SEM (SEM) TEM, TEM (TEM) Xray X ray XRD (XRD TGA (TGA employed PCC. . (PCC) 80 8 0 8. 60 6 6. R2 R (R 0.903 0903 903 pseudosecondorder pseudo second order 0.985. 0985 0.985 985 0.985) Furthermore reused Thus wastewater γFe γFe2O FeO Fe2O (γ-Fe2O (FTIR (BET (pHpzc (SEM (TEM (PCC 0.90 090 90 098 0.98 98 0.9 09 9 0.

ABSTRACT NEREA® Substrate, NEREA® Fertilizer and NEREA® Plus products are registered to be used as a substrate, soil fertilizer and foliar fertilizer, respectively, for the agricultural production. The NEREA® production technology does not generate waste and is adaptable to industry conditions, which lead to that its implementation is in a constant improvement. The production process includes, in a first stage, the modification of the mineral with aqueous solutions of hydro-soluble NPK chemical fertilizers. In a next stage, called “curing-drying”, the material is arranged in the bed form to develop the incorporation of nutrients (N, P, K, etc.) into the zeolite matrix through ion-exchange and adsorption processes. This research was carried out at NEREA® San Andrés Experimental Plant, Cuba, to develop alternatives for the “curing-drying” of these products in order to increase the productive capacity and allow greater adaptability of the technology. The zeolitic mineral from the San Andrés deposit was used, which is a mixture of clinoptilolite-heulandite and mordenite type zeolites. It was determined that the curing-drying of the product packaged directly in bags increases productivity up to 0,83 t/h, which turns out to be 0,41 t/h higher than the current process. NEREA® products turned out to be enriched with the nutrient’s N, P, K and other micronutrients necessary for the proper development of crops, which was evidenced by using XRD, SEM, FTIR and other characterization techniques.

RESUMEN Los productos NEREA® Sustrato, NEREA® Fertilizante y NEREA® Plus están registrados para ser usados como sustrato, fertilizante edáfico y fertilizante foliar, respectivamente, para la producción agrícola. La tecnología de producción NEREA® no genera residuales y es adaptable a las condiciones de la industria, lo que conlleva a constantes mejoras en su implementación. El proceso de producción incluye, en una primera etapa, la modificación del mineral con disoluciones acuosas de fertilizantes químicos NPK hidrosoluble. En una siguiente etapa, denominada como “curado-secado”, se dispone al material en forma de cama para desarrollar la incorporación de los nutrientes (N, P, K, etc.) en la matriz zeolítica mediante procesos de intercambio iónico y adsorción. Esta investigación se realizó en la Planta Experimental NEREA® San Andrés, Cuba, con el propósito de desarrollar alternativas para el “curado-secado” de estos productos, que incrementen la capacidad productiva y permitan una mayor adaptabilidad de la tecnología. Se utilizó el mineral zeolítico del yacimiento San Andrés, el cual es una mezcla de zeolitas tipo clinoptilolita-heulandita y mordenita. Se determinó que el curado-secado del producto envasado directamente en sacos incrementa la productividad hasta 0,83 t/h, lo que resulta ser 0,41 t/h mayor que el proceso actual. Los productos NEREA® resultaron enriquecidos con los nutrientes N, P, K y otros micronutrientes necesarios para el desarrollo adecuado de los cultivos, lo que fue evidenciado por DRX, SEM, FTIR y otras técnicas de caracterización.

Resumen En este trabajo se evaluó la capacidad de P. stratiotes para absorber, transferir y eliminar cromo trivalente en solución acuosa de sulfato básico de cromo en diferentes concentraciones, con un enfoque en posibles aplicaciones en la fitorremediación de efluentes de curtiembres. También se evaluó la acumulación en los tejidos de la planta. Las concentraciones de las soluciones utilizadas fueron 2.14, 4.90, 11.98, 25.37 y 43.87 mg.L-1 y el período de exposición del macrófito fue de 48 horas. Al final del experimento, los porcentajes de eliminación de cromo trivalente fueron 90.6%, 91.4%, 88.6%, 79.9% y 64.6%, respectivamente. La macrófitas P. stratiotes mostró una alta capacidad para eliminar cromo trivalente de soluciones ácidas, y se observó una mayor acumulación del metal en las raíces que en las partes aéreas, con baja translocación desde la raíz hasta la parte aérea: TF= 0.09, 0.06 y 0.05 y factor de bioconcentración (BCF) 4416, 1496 y 892 para 2.14 a 25.37 y 43.87 mg.L-1, respectivamente, con diferencias significativas entre los tratamientos a 2.14 y 43.87 mg.L-1. No se observaron inhibición del crecimiento ni senescencia durante el período de exposición, y las concentraciones iniciales por debajo de 25.37 mg.L-1 disminuyeron por debajo de 2 mg.L-1. En los cálculos de parámetros cinéticos como el coeficiente de correlación lineal R2, la constante de velocidad de reacción K, el tiempo de vida media t1/2 y la tasa de eliminación V, se encontró que la mayoría de las concentraciones estudiadas se ajustan mejor a cinéticas de segundo orden. Estos datos pueden ser utilizados para el diseño de un tratamiento secundario de aguas residuales industriales contaminadas con cromo trivalente utilizando fitorremediación.

Abstract In this work, the capacity of P. stratiotes to absorb, transfer, and remove trivalent chromium in aqueous solution of basic chromium sulfate of different concentrations was evaluated, with a focus on possible applications in phytoremediation of tannery effluents. The accumulation in plant tissues was also evaluated. The concentrations of the solutions used were 2.14, 4.90, 11.98, 25.37 and 43.87 mg.L-1 and the exposure period of the macrophyte was 48 hours. At the end of the experiment, the percentages of trivalent chromium removal were 90.6%, 91.4%, 88.6%, 79.9% and 64.6%, respectively. The macrophyte P. stratiotes showed high capacity to remove trivalent chromium from acid solutions, and a higher accumulation of the metal was observed in the roots than in the aerial parts; with low translocation from the root to the aerial part: TF= 0.09, 0.06, and 0.05 and bioconcentration factor (BCF) 4416, 1496, and 892 for 2.14 to 25.37, and 43.87 mg.L-1 respectively with significant differences between the treatments at 2.14 and 43.87mg.L-1 . No growth inhibition or senescence was observed during the exposure period, and initial concentrations below 25.37 mg.L-1 decreased below 2 mg.L-1. In the calculations of kinetic parameters such as linear correlation coefficient R2, reaction rate constant K, half- life time t1/2, and removal rate V, it was found that most of the concentrations studied fit second-order kinetics best. These data can be used for the design of secondary treatment of industrial wastewater contaminated with trivalent chromium using phytoremediation.

Abstract In view of enhanced Pc applications, doped materials have drawn much attention. The present work focused on synthesizing pure and Pd doped WO3 Np, which were used as Pc for MB and RhB aqueous solutions discoloration, under VL, by a unique MWI technique. XRD and TEM studies revealed that Pd dopant did not influence WO3 samples structure and morphology, since they had mono-dispersed spherical forms, with an average diameter of about 50-30 nm. Optical spectra showed a red shift in the absorption edges, with an increase in Ct of Pd from 0 to 10 wt%, which indicates the decrease in Eg of WO3 with Pd doping. Eg was calculated as 3.02, 2.84 and 2.73 eV, for pure and Pd (5 and 10 wt%) doped WO3 samples, respectively. Pc intensity of Pd doped WO3 was significantly higher than that of the pure one. This was due to the recombination of photo-excited electrons and holes. Pc activities of pure and Pd doped WO3 samples were analyzed based on their ability to degrade MB and RhB dyes under VL. Pd doped WO3 showed better Pc degradation, due to an increase in SA, and a decrease in Eg and O vacancies.

Sintered NdFeB magnets possess excellent magnetic properties, but behave passively in alkaline and saline media and are susceptible to corrosion in acidic environments. The corrosion behavior of NdFeB magnets in industrial environments: potassium hydroxide (KOH), perchloric acid (HClO4) and sodium chloride (NaCl), was investigated by immersion and electrochemical tests. The immersion test concluded that the most corrosive electrolyte of the three studied was HClO4. Electrochemical tests showed that the NdFeB sample without magnetic order had better corrosion resistance. Metallographic microscopy and scanning electron microscopy support the obtained corrosion data. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicates that the main elements on the surface of the analyzed sample (Nd, Fe, B) are in the oxidized state after corrosion.

This study examined the potential of electrooxidation techniques for treating Rhodamine B dyestuff from aqueous solutions made from synthetic wastewater. The Rhodamine B dyestuff was electro-oxidized by using five anodes coated with "Ti/IrO2/RuO2" as anode material and five stainless steel cathodes as cathode material. The initial concentration of Rhodamine B, the type of support electrolyte, the current density, and the initial pH of the wastewater were evaluated. KCl, NaCl, NaNO3 and Na2SO4 were used as supporting electrolytes. Colour removal performance was optimum when the initial pH was approximately 5, the current density was 1.78 mA cm-2, and the supporting electrolyte was NaCl at a concentration of 10 mM. Under ideal circumstances, colour removal was shown to be 99.72% effective.

Abstract: Aiming to develop a sustainable separation process reducing the water pollution, in this work Pinus pinaster (cluster pine) bark from a wood veneer industry was used for methylene blue and malachite green removal from aqueous systems. For single adsorption, the influence of time (up 8 h), adsorbent dose (2,5 - 5 - 10 g·L-1), temperature (25 ºC - 40 ºC - 60 ºC), pH (2 - 4 - 6) and particle size (0,1 mm - 0,5 mm, 0,5 mm - 1 mm and 1,6 mm - 2 mm) on adsorption was investigated. To study the initial concentration effect on binary adsorption, different concentrations (0 - 5 - 25 - 50 mg·L-1) were used at 25 ºC, natural pH and a dose of 5 g·L-1. High efficiency was obtained at pH = 4 (natural pH), dose of 5 g·L-1 and particle size of 0,5 - 1 mm. Adsorption percentages higher than 70 % were reached in less than one hour, with removal almost complete at equilibrium in single systems, without temperature influence. Methylene blue was slightly better adsorbed by bark. In binary systems, dyes exhibited competitive adsorption, decreasing their removal, especially increasing the initial concentration of the other dye. Dyes adsorption followed the pseudo-second order kinetic model, whereas the Langmuir isotherm explained adsorption equilibria in mono-component systems. High adsorption capacities (41,7 mg·g-1 for malachite green and 50,0 mg·g-1 for methylene blue) were obtained at 40 ºC and natural pH indicating that pine bark can be effectively used as biosorbent.

RESUMEN En este trabajo se describe la preparación de cinco carbones activados a partir de un residuo vegetal, la semilla de chirimoya (Annona cherimola). Todos los carbones fueron activados químicamente con H3PO4, tres de ellos se calcinaron a 673 K (CarChiQ, CarChiQC y CarChiQE) y los otros dos a 873 K (CarChiQC600 y CarChiQE600) por tres horas. Los carbones fueron caracterizados por adsorción de nitrógeno, número de azul de metileno, densidad aparente, microscopía electrónica de barrido y espectroscopía infrarroja. Además, se determinó el punto de carga cero que indicó el carácter ácido de todos los carbones. Se siguió la cinética de adsorción con el colorante azul de metileno, lo que permitió establecer el tiempo de contacto entre las soluciones de colorante y los carbones. La cinética de adsorción para los carbones se ajustó al modelo de pseudo segundo orden. Se estudió la adsorción de soluciones acuosas de colorantes textiles de tipo ácido y básico con una concentración inicial de 300 mg/dm3. Los colorantes básicos se adsorbieron en CarChiQ entre 82 y 99.9 %, en CarChiQE entre 65 y 92 % y en CarChiQC, CarChiQC600 y CarChiQE600 prácticamente se adsorbieron 100 %. El colorante ácido se adsorbió en menor proporción sobre los carbones, con excepción de CarChiQC600 y CarChiQE600 con adsorción total. Se trató un agua residual conteniendo colorantes textiles, la calidad de ésta mejoró después del tratamiento de adsorción, reduciéndose la demanda química de oxígeno hasta 76 % y el color hasta 98 %.

ABSTRACT This work describes the preparation of five activated carbons from a vegetable waste: custard apple seeds (Annona cherimola). All carbons were chemically activated with phosphoric acid. Three of them were calcinated at 673 K (CarChiQ, CarChiQE, and CarChiQC) and the other two (CarChiQE600 and CarChiQC600) at 873 K for three hours. The carbons were characterized by nitrogen adsorption, methylene blue number, bulk density, scanning electron microscopy, and infrared spectroscopy. In addition, the point of zero charge indicated the acid character of the carbons. To establish the contact time between the solutions of dye and the carbons, the adsorption kinetics of methylene blue dye was followed. The adsorption kinetics for all the carbons fit the pseudo second order model. The adsorption of aqueous solutions containing anionic and cationic dyes with an initial concentration of 300 mg/dm3 was studied. It was found that, using CarChiQ, basic dyes were adsorbed in percentages ranging between 82 and 99.9 %; with CarChiQE, between 65 and 92 %; and using CarChiQC, CarChiQE600, and CarChiQC600, the adsorption almost reached 100 %. The acid dye was adsorbed in a smaller proportion, but in CarChiQE600 and CarChiQC600, its adsorption was total. A wastewater containing textile dyes was treated, and its quality was improved after the adsorption treatment. The chemical oxygen demand was reduced up to 76 % and its color until 98 %.

Abstract: The physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis L.), which had been impregnated with the water-based, copper-containing Korasit KS material from the Alkaline Copper Quaternary group, were investigated in this study. The wood samples used in the investigation were impregnated with 3 % and 6 % aqueous solutions of Korasit KS. The modulus of rupture, thermal, and water absorption tests were performed on samples of Oriental beech after they had been impregnated. Oriental beech's modulus of rupture values decreased as a result of Korasit KS impregnation. Additionally, Oriental beech had lower modulus of rupture values at greater concentrations of Korasit KS. In every water absorption period, the water absorption values of the Oriental beech impregnated with Korasit KS were higher than those of the control group. Our results showed that Korasit KS impregnation enhanced thermal properties of Oriental beech. Moreover, higher concentration levels of Oriental beech yielded better thermal characteristics of Oriental beech.

Resumo Espécies vegetais que possuem substância com efeitos alelopáticos contra plantas daninhas são potenciais soluções para o desenvolvimento de bioherbicidas ecologicamente corretos. Dentre as espécies com potencial de alelopatia, Talinum triangulare apresenta em sua composição fitoquímica flavonoides, alcaloides e outros metabólitos que podem ser utilizados para o desenvolvimento de soluções inibitórias do crescimento de plantas daninhas. Já a planta Lactuca sativa é bastante utilizada há vários anos como espécie bioindicadora, tanto para bioherbicidas, como para químicos em geral, resíduos animais, qualidade de água e solo, contaminação atmosférica e outros. Nesse cenário, objetivou-se avaliar o potencial efeito alelopático dos extratos aquosos de T. triangulare no desenvolvimento de plântulas de Lactuca. sativa. O delineamento utilizado foi inteiramente ao acaso, com esquema fatorial 2x4 (extratos de parte aérea e raiz) x concentrações de cada extrato (0; 2,5; 5; 7,5%), com quatro repetições. Para imposição dos tratamentos, as sementes de Lactuca sativa foram semeadas sobre os papéis embebidos com os extratos e o material foi acondicionado em câmara de germinação a 20°C. Foram realizadas as avaliações fisiológicas das sementes, sendo elas: teste de geminação (plântulas normais e anormais ao sétimo dia após a semeadura), 1° contagem de plântulas normais ao quarto dia após a semeadura, o comprimento de plântulas e comprimento de raiz. Ao final do teste de germinação foram coletadas plântulas de L. sativa para caracterização morfoanatômica e análise de fluorescência da clorofila a. Os extratos de T. triangulare influenciaram no crescimento de raízes de L. sativa, e os extratos aquosos de T. triangulare da parte aérea influenciaram em maior valor de plantas anormais, juntamente com menor comprimento de raiz tanto em relação ao aumento da concentração quanto em comparação com o extrato da raiz. Além disso, o extrato de raiz influenciou em alterações celulares evidentes e menor quenching não fotoquímico e rendimentos quânticos de dissipação não regulada para a dosagem de 5% em comparação com a parte aérea. Dessa forma, sugere-se que o extrato aquoso tanto da raiz quando da parte aérea de T. triangulare a partir da dosagem de 5% tem grande potencial para o uso como bioherbicidas atuando diretamente na estrutura, anatomia, qualidade, tamanho, fisiologia das plantas. corretos alelopatia flavonoides bioindicadora geral animais solo cenário objetivouse objetivou se T acaso 2x 0 (0 2,5 25 2 5 7,5%, 75 7,5% , 7 7,5%) repetições tratamentos 20C C 20 20°C elas semeadura semeadura) 1 L disso forma sugerese sugere estrutura anatomia tamanho ( 2, 7,5 7,

Abstract Plants that produce allelopathic compounds against weeds have emerged as a potential solution for the development of ecologically correct bioherbicides. Talinum triangulare is noteworthy in this regard, as its phytochemical composition encompasses flavonoids, alkaloids and other metabolites that can be used to develop inhibitory weed growth solutions. Lactuca sativa (lettuce) has been widely applied as a bioindicator species for bioherbicides and several chemicals, animal waste, water and soil quality, and atmospheric contamination, among others. In this context, this study aimed to assess the potential allelopathic effect of aqueous T. triangulare extracts on the development of L. sativa seedlings. A completely randomized design employing a 2x4 factorial scheme (shoot and root extracts) x the concentration of each extract (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5%) was applied, comprising four replications. Lactuca sativa seeds were sown on germitest papers soaked with the extracts in a germination chamber at 20°C. Physiological seed evaluations comprising the germination test, where normal and abnormal seedlings are counted on the seventh day after sowing, first normal seedling counts on the fourth day after sowing, and seedling and root length measurements. At the end of the germination test, L. sativa seedlings were separated for morphoanatomical characterizations and chlorophyll a fluorescence analyses. The T. triangulare extracts significantly influenced L. sativa root growth, with shoot extract exposure leading to more abnormal plants and lower root lengths at increasing concentrations and compared to the root extract. Root extract exposure led to evident cellular changes and lower non-photochemical quenching and unregulated dissipation quantum yields at a 5% exposure dose compared to shoot extract exposure. These findings suggest that both aqueous T. triangulare root and shoot extracts from 5% exposure doses exhibit high potential as bioherbicides, acting directly on plant structure, anatomy, quality, size and physiology. regard flavonoids solutions lettuce (lettuce chemicals waste quality contamination others context T L 2x 0, 0 (0 25 2 5 2.5 7.5% 75 7 replications 20C C 20 20°C test sowing measurements analyses nonphotochemical non photochemical structure anatomy physiology ( 2. 7.5 7.

Abstract This paper investigates evidence regarding the influence of a CaSt2 residual additive in the optical properties of a commercial polystyrene. This work proposes an in-line optical detector operating by illuminating the polymer with a red monochromatic light in order to evaluate its thermal behavior during a heat cycling. The detection system was bench validated by measuring the light absorption of aqueous solutions of organic acid dyes. The system showed great sensitivity in detecting the contamination’s effect on the polymer, as a great impact on the polymer’s behavior was observed due to the presence of the additive during different thermal cycles. The detector system showed that the salt’s presence elevates absorbance by five times when the temperature is higher than its fusion temperature. The in-line optical detector has proved to be suitable to quantify the presence of additives that affects the polymer’s optical properties. CaSt polystyrene inline line cycling dyes contaminations contamination s polymers cycles salts salt

Abstract Phosphate materials based on Turquoise composition CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8•4H2O were prepared using aqueous solutions. The light blue or green powders were obtained by heating at 500 or 700 ºC. To obtain artificial Turquoise pellets, these were sintered by the hydrothermal hot press method at 150 ºC. The amount of water, pressure, and milling as pretreatment were studied. Molded pellets were also prepared using oil as the solvent. The resulting pellets were evaluated in terms of density and hue. In addition, the effects of post-treatment, such as heating and beeswax coating, were also examined. There were several methods to improve the density of the molded product, including increasing the amount of solvent, increasing the pressure, using castor oil, and powder refining as a pretreatment. Castor oil and beeswax coating were also methods to improve product brightness. The pellets obtained in this study showed water resistance. CuAl6PO44OH8•4H2O CuAl6PO44OH84H2O CuAlPOOHHO CuAl6 PO4 4 OH 8•4H2O 8 4H2O CuAl PO H O solutions 50 70 ºC 15 pressure studied solvent hue addition posttreatment, posttreatment post treatment, treatment post-treatment examined brightness resistance CuAl6PO44OH8 84H2O HO 5 7 1 CuAlPOOH CuAl6PO44OH

RESUMO Biopolímeros podem ser recuperados do lodo biológico e utilizados em aplicações ambientais, como adsorvente de fósforo. O fósforo é um nutriente abundante em efluentes, que pode ser adsorvido para posterior aplicação na agricultura. Nesta ótica, este trabalho teve por objetivo o estudo da recuperação do biopolímero alginate-like exopolymer (ALE) de lodo ativado (LA) e lodo granular aeróbio (LGA), e posterior aplicação como adsorvente de fósforo de efluente. O rendimento de recuperação de ALE do LA (18,7%) foi próximo ao obtido com o LGA (22%), ressaltando que o primeiro é um processo amplamente difundido em comparação ao último. A proporção da mistura mais adequada (ALE e alginato de sódio) foi de 2,5% de alginato (m/m). O local de coleta de LA na ETE não apresentou influência nas capacidades de adsorção ou na característica microbiológica do LA; o lodo centrifugado foi selecionado como a melhor opção. O ALE extraído de LA apresentou-se com características de hidrogel e substâncias húmicas em sua composição, que são importantes para a agricultura. O equilíbrio do processo de adsorção foi atingido após 10 minutos, o modelo de isoterma de Langmuir e o modelo cinético de pseudoprimeira ordem (PPO) foram os que apresentaram os melhores ajustes aos dados experimentais, resultando na capacidade de adsorção (qmax) de 8,164 mg/gALE. Os resultados obtidos apontam que o ALE recuperado de LA tem potencialidade para ser utilizado como biossorvente de fósforo de efluentes, para sua posterior aplicação na agricultura, tanto como fonte deste nutriente, como devido à sua composição de hidrogel. ambientais efluentes agricultura ótica alginatelike alginate like (LA LGA, , (LGA) efluente 18,7% 187 18 7 (18,7% 22%, 22 22% (22%) último sódio 25 2 5 2,5 m/m. mm m/m . m (m/m) opção apresentouse se 1 minutos PPO (PPO experimentais qmax (qmax 8164 8 164 8,16 mggALE mg gALE mg/gALE (LGA 18,7 (18,7 (22% 2, (m/m 816 16 8,1 18, (18, (22 81 8, (18 (2 (1 (

ABSTRACT Biopolymers can be recovered from aerobic sludge and used for environmental applications, such as phosphorus adsorbent material, instead being sent to sanitary landfills. In this resource recovery perspective, this work aimed to study the recovery of alginate-like exopolymer (ALE) from activated sludge (AS) compared to aerobic granular sludge (AGS). ALE-based biosorbent was prepared and tested to remove phosphorus from aqueous solutions, and the adsorption kinetics and isotherm models were studied. The recovery yield of ALE from a full-scale wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) AS (18.7%) was close to that obtained from a pilot-scale AGS (22%). ALE recovered from AS presented hydrogel properties and humic substances in its composition, which are important features for future applications. The equilibrium of the adsorption was reached after 10 minutes. The Langmuir isotherm model and the PFO kinetic model best fitted to the experimental data, resulting in maximum adsorption capacity of 8.164 mgP·gALE. Thus, ALE recovered from AS has the potential to be used as a phosphorus biosorbent from effluents and further used as a nutrient delivery system with hydrogel properties. applications material landfills perspective alginatelike alginate like (ALE (AS AGS. . (AGS) ALEbased based solutions studied fullscale full scale WWTP (WWTP 18.7% 187 18 7 (18.7% pilotscale pilot 22%. 22 22% (22%) composition 1 minutes data 8164 8 164 8.16 mgPgALE mgP gALE mgP·gALE Thus (AGS 18.7 (18.7 2 (22% 816 16 8.1 18. (18. (22 81 8. (18 (2 (1 (