Résumé Par la méthode historique-comparative, cet article aborde les impacts, sur les États-Unis, l’Allemagne et le Brésil, des quatre crises économiques internationales survenues jusqu’en 2019, en se concentrant principalement sur leurs effets sur le régime politique et le post-2008. Les pays sélectionnés ont eu des expériences autoritaires distinctes, anciennes ou actuelles. Je conceptualise l’État de manière tridimensionnelle : régime politique, appareil décisionnel et structure de domination politique appuyée sur des coalitions. J’argumente que les conjonctures internationales critiques ont tendance à avoir un impact sur cette tridimensionalité, facilitant l’observation de ses variations et continuités. Je formule et corrobore trois hypothèses sur ces crises : elles ont tendance à augmenter ou diminuer les niveaux de démocratie ou d’autocratie des régimes ou à les changer ; la réponse autocratisante dépend d’une relation de forces pro-entreprises, subordonnant les travailleurs ; l’engagement démocratique des acteurs s’oppose à l’autocratisation. La contribution à la littérature réside dans la manière d’aborder les processus d’autocratisation et de démocratisation, ici étudiés à travers les impacts des crises économiques internationales sur les États. Les conjonctures critiques éclairent les composants clés de la mutabilité du Léviathan. On examine le régime politique par la politique économique des relations entre l’État, les marchés et les classes sociales, et non exclusivement par les variables politico-institutionnelles. On analyse les mécanismes d’intersection de la sphère et des acteurs politico-institutionnels avec les structures et acteurs économiques et sociaux, qui, impactant la tridimensionalité de l’État, entraînent des changements de régime ou dans le régime. historiquecomparative, historiquecomparative historique comparative, comparative historique-comparative ÉtatsUnis, ÉtatsUnis États Unis, Unis États-Unis lAllemagne l Allemagne Brésil jusquen jusqu 2019 post2008. post2008 post 2008. 2008 post-2008 distinctes actuelles lÉtat État coalitions Jargumente J argumente lobservation observation continuités dautocratie d autocratie dune une proentreprises, proentreprises pro entreprises, entreprises pro-entreprises lengagement engagement soppose s oppose lautocratisation. lautocratisation autocratisation. autocratisation l’autocratisation daborder aborder dautocratisation démocratisation Léviathan lÉtat, État, sociales politicoinstitutionnelles. politicoinstitutionnelles politico institutionnelles. institutionnelles politico-institutionnelles dintersection intersection politicoinstitutionnels institutionnels sociaux qui 201 post200 200 post-200 20 post20 post-20 2 post2 post-2 post-

Resumen Por medio del método histórico comparativo, se abordan los impactos en los Estados de Estados Unidos, Alemania y Brasil, de las cuatro crisis económicas internacionales que han ocurrido hasta 2019, enfocándose, principalmente, en sus efectos en el régimen político y en el periodo posterior a 2008. Los países seleccionados tuvieron distintas experiencias autoritarias, antiguas o actuales. Defino al Estado de una forma tridimensional: régimen político, aparato decisor y estructura de dominación política respaldada en coaliciones. Argumento que las respectivas coyunturas críticas internacionales tienden a impactar esta tridimensionalidad, facilitando la observación de sus variaciones y continuidades. Así, formulo y corroboro tres hipótesis sobre esas crisis: tienden a aumentar o disminuir los niveles de democracia o autocracia de los regímenes o a cambiarlos; la respuesta autocratizante depende de una relación de fuerzas proempresarial que subordina a los trabajadores; y el compromiso democrático de los actores opera contra la autocratización. La contribución a la literatura se relaciona con el modo de abordar los procesos de autocratización y democratización aquí investigados por los impactos de las crisis económicas internacionales en los Estados. Las coyunturas críticas vislumbran componentes clave de la mutabilidad del Leviatán. Se investiga el régimen político a partir de la economía política de las relaciones entre Estado, mercados y clases sociales, y no exclusivamente por las variables político-institucionales. Se analizan mecanismos de intersección de la esfera y de los actores político-institucionales con las estructuras y actores económicos y sociales, que, impactando en la tridimensionalidad del Estado, implican cambios de régimen o en el régimen. comparativo Unidos Brasil 2019 enfocándose principalmente 2008 autoritarias actuales tridimensional coaliciones continuidades Así cambiarlos trabajadores Leviatán sociales políticoinstitucionales. políticoinstitucionales institucionales. institucionales 201 200 20 2

Abstract This study uses a historical-comparative method to examine the impacts of the four international economic crises that occurred until 2019 on the United States, Germany, and Brazil, focusing primarily on their effects on the political regime and the post-2008 period. The selected countries had different authoritarian experiences, either in the distant past or more recently. The State is conceptualized along three dimensions: political regime, decision-making apparatus, and the structure of political domination supported by coalitions. The argument is that the respective international critical junctures tend to impact this three-dimensionality, making it easier to observe their variations and continuities. Three hypotheses are formulated and corroborated regarding these crises: they tend to increase or decrease the levels of democracy or autocracy in regimes or change them; autocratization depends on a pro-business power balance that subordinates workers; the democratic commitment of actors operates against autocratization. This study’s contribution to the literature lies in the approach to processes of autocratization and democratization, which are investigated here through the impacts of international economic crises on States. Critical junctures shed light on key components of the mutability of the Leviathan. It investigates the political regime through the political economy of the relationships between the State, markets, and social classes, not exclusively through political-institutional variables. Mechanisms of intersection between the political-institutional sphere and economic and social structures and actors are analyzed. These mechanisms impact the three-dimensionality of the State, leading to changes in the regime or within the regime. historicalcomparative historical comparative 201 States Germany Brazil post2008 post 2008 post-200 period experiences recently dimensions decisionmaking decision apparatus coalitions threedimensionality, threedimensionality dimensionality, dimensionality continuities them probusiness pro business workers studys s democratization Leviathan markets classes politicalinstitutional institutional variables analyzed 20 post200 200 post-20 2 post20 post-2 post2 post-

Resumo Aborda-se, pelo método histórico-comparativo, impactos, nos Estados dos EUA, Alemanha e Brasil, das quatro crises econômicas internacionais ocorridas até 2019, focando-se, principalmente, em seus efeitos no regime político e no pós-2008. Os países selecionados tiveram distintas experiências autoritárias, remotas ou atuais. Conceituo o Estado tridimensionalmente: regime político, aparato decisor e estrutura de dominação política escorada em coalizões. Argumento que as respectivas conjunturas críticas internacionais tendem a impactar nesta sua tridimensionalidade, facilitando a observação de suas variações e continuidades. Formulo e corroboro três hipóteses sobre essas crises: elas tendem a aumentar ou diminuir os níveis de democracia ou autocracia dos regimes ou a mudá-los; a resposta autocratizante depende de uma relação de forças pró-empresarial, que subordine os trabalhadores; o compromisso democrático dos atores opera contra a autocratização. A contribuição com a literatura está no modo de abordagem dos processos de autocratização e democratização, aqui investigados pelos impactos das crises econômicas internacionais nos Estados. As conjunturas críticas iluminam componentes-chave da mutabilidade do Leviatã. Investiga-se o regime político pela economia política das relações entre Estado, mercados e classes sociais, e não exclusivamente pelas variáveis político-institucionais. Analisam-se mecanismos de intersecção da esfera e dos atores político-institucionais com as estruturas e atores econômicos e sociais, que, impactando na tridimensionalidade do Estado, ensejam mudanças de regime ou no regime. Abordase, Abordase Aborda se, se Aborda-se históricocomparativo, históricocomparativo histórico comparativo, comparativo histórico-comparativo EUA Brasil 2019 focandose, focandose focando focando-se principalmente pós2008. pós2008 pós 2008. 2008 pós-2008 autoritárias atuais tridimensionalmente coalizões continuidades mudálos mudá los mudá-los próempresarial, próempresarial pró empresarial, empresarial pró-empresarial trabalhadores democratização componenteschave componentes chave Leviatã Investigase Investiga sociais políticoinstitucionais. políticoinstitucionais institucionais. institucionais Analisamse Analisam 201 pós200 200 pós-200 20 pós20 pós-20 2 pós2 pós-2 pós-

Résumé Cet article explore la grammaire institutionnelle de la protection des données et de la vie privée au Brésil. En adoptant la perspective analytique de l’Institutional Grammar Tool (IGT), nous déconstruisons les énoncés institutionnels des décrets réglementaires de la Loi Générale sur la Protection des Données des états brésiliens, afin de classifier les différents éléments grammaticaux informant les stratégies étatiques de protection et de gouvernance des données. Nous examinons dans cet article la construction des concepts de protection des données, de gouvernance des données et de vie privée, ainsi que la construction institutionnelle de la protection des données au Brésil. L’étude a une orientation empirique afin de répondre aux questions suivantes: quel est le dessin institutionnel des stratégies adoptées par les états, dans le contexte de la fédération, pour la protection des données personnelles et de la vie privée des citoyens? Quelles sont les implications de ce dessin pour l’efficacité de la protection des données au Brésil? L’article conclut que les stratégies de protection des données formulées au niveau des états sont davantage orientées vers le contrôle bureaucratique du traitement des données que vers la réalisation effective des droits émergents de la citoyenneté. Brésil lInstitutional l Institutional IGT, IGT , (IGT) brésiliens Létude L étude suivantes fédération citoyens lefficacité efficacité Larticle citoyenneté (IGT

Resumen Este artículo investiga la gramática institucional de la protección de datos y de la privacidad en Brasil. Adoptando la perspectiva analítica del Intitutional Grammar Tool (IGT), deconstruimos los enunciados institucionales de los decretos reglamentarios de la Ley General de Protección de Datos de los estados brasileros, con el fin de clasificar los diferentes elementos gramaticales que informaron las estrategias estaduales de protección y gobernanza de datos. Examinamos la construcción de los conceptos de protección de datos, gobernanza de datos y privacidad, así como la construcción institucional de la protección de datos en Brasil. El estudio tiene un abordaje empírico, con el fin de responder a las siguientes cuestiones: ¿cuál es el diseño institucional de las estrategias adoptadas por los estados, en el contexto de la federación, para la protección de datos personales y de la privacidad de los ciudadanos? ¿cuáles son las implicaciones de ese diseño para la efectividad de la protección de datos en Brasil? El artículo concluye que las estrategias de protección de datos formuladas en los estados tienen más un enfoque de control burocrático de tratamiento de datos que propiamente la implementación de derechos emergentes de ciudadanía. Brasil IGT, IGT , (IGT) brasileros empírico cuestiones cuál federación ciudadanos cuáles ciudadanía (IGT

Abstract This article investigates the institutional grammar of data protection and privacy in Brazil. By adopting the analytical lens of the Institutional Grammar Tool (IGT), it deconstructs the institutional statements within the regulatory decrees of the General Data Protection Law (LGPD) in Brazilian states, classifying the different grammatical elements that inform state-level strategies for data protection and governance. It examines how the concepts of data protection, data governance, and privacy are formulated, as well as the institutional construction of data protection in Brazil. By taking an empirical approach, it aims to address the following questions: What is the institutional design of the strategies adopted by Brazilian states, within the federation, to protect personal data and citizens’ privacy? What are the implications of this design on how effective data protection is in Brazil? The article concludes that the data protection strategies formulated by the states lean more toward bureaucratic control of data processing than the actual realization of emerging citizenship rights. Brazil IGT, IGT , (IGT) LGPD (LGPD statelevel state level governance approach questions federation citizens rights (IGT

Resumo Este artigo investiga a gramática institucional da proteção de dados e da privacidade no Brasil. Adotando a lente analítica do Intitutional Grammar Tool (IGT), desconstruímos os enunciados institucionais dos decretos regulamentadores da Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados dos estados brasileiros, de forma a classificar os diferentes elementos gramaticais que informam as estratégias estaduais de proteção e governança de dados. Examinamos nesse artigo a construção dos conceitos de proteção de dados, governança de dados e privacidade, assim como a construção institucional da proteção de dados no Brasil. O estudo tem um viés empírico, de maneira a responder às seguintes questões: qual o desenho institucional das estratégias adotadas pelos estados, no contexto da federação, para a proteção de dados pessoais e da privacidade dos cidadãos? Quais as implicações desse desenho para a efetividade da proteção de dados no Brasil? O artigo conclui que as estratégias de proteção de dados formuladas nos estados têm mais o viés de controle burocrático do tratamento de dados do que propriamente a efetivação de direitos emergentes de cidadania. Brasil IGT, IGT , (IGT) brasileiros empírico questões federação cidadãos cidadania (IGT

Résumé Cet article a pour but de démontrer la pertinence de l´approche transversale des chiffres et des cartes afin de mettre en évidence le pouvoir performatif qui se dégage de leurs intersections tecnhopolitiques telles que le concept de densité de population et la régionalisation du territoire. Appliquée au Brésil, l´étude croisée met en lumière des aspects du processus de construction de l´État, de la centralisation de l´autorité politique et de la création de nouvelles catégories de personnes et d´espaces de gouvernement. Pour ce faire, les tendances qui ont rapproché la statistique et la cartographie au cours de l´Empire brésilien y sont annalysées, en comprenant leur rôle en tant qu´instruments descriptifs du pouvoir souverain. De même, l´article aborde les circonstances qui conduissent à l´importance croissante des chiffres et des cartes comme une référente commune pour l´action collective et la production d´identités sociales. Basé sur le cadre de la sociologie de la quantification, l´article s´intéresse à l´émergence de la cartographie statistique et la régionalisation croissante des données officielles entre les années 1920 et 1940, liée à une nouvelle façon de definir la «brésilité », d´ordonner le territoire et de gouverner la population. On conclut que quantifier, c´est aussi visualiser et imaginer des grandeurs démographiques et économiques dans une spatialité cohérente et unitaire une fois stabilisée par des conventions d´équivalence. lapproche l approche Brésil létude étude lÉtat État l´État lautorité autorité despaces d espaces gouvernement faire lEmpire Empire annalysées quinstruments qu instruments souverain même larticle limportance importance laction action didentités identités sociales quantification sintéresse s intéresse lémergence émergence 192 1940 brésilité » dordonner ordonner quantifier cest c est déquivalence équivalence d´équivalence 19 194 1

Abstract This article takes a cross-disciplinary approach to numbers and maps to demonstrate the performative power that emerges from their technopolitical intersections, such as the concept of population density and regional delineation of territory. Applied to the Brazilian context, this combined analysis sheds light on aspects related to the construction of State authority and its power to create categories of people and places. To do so, this paper examines trends that bring statistics and cartography together in the Brazilian Empire, indicating a common status for maps and numbers as descriptive instruments of sovereign power, including their modes of use and conditions for producing and validating truth. Subsequently, it addresses the factors leading to the growing importance of numbers and maps for collective action and the production of shared identities. Drawing on references from the sociology of quantification, this paper focuses on the emergence of statistical cartography and the increasing regionalization of official data between the 1920s and 1940s – linked to a new way of defining Brazilian identity, organizing territory, and managing population. It concludes that quantifying is also visualizing demographic and economic quantities in a coherent and unitary spatiality, once stabilized by conventions of equivalence. crossdisciplinary cross disciplinary intersections territory context places so Empire truth Subsequently identities quantification s identity spatiality equivalence

Resumen Este artículo realiza un abordaje cruzado de números y mapas con el fin de evidenciar el poder performativo que emerge de sus intersecciones tecnopolíticas, como el concepto de densidad poblacional y el recorte regional del territorio. Aplicado al caso brasilero, el análisis combinado ilustra aspectos relativos a la construcción de la autoridad del Estado y su poder de crear categorías de personas y lugares. Para ese propósito, examinamos las tendencias que aproximan la estadística de la cartografía en Brasil Imperio y que indican un estatuto común a mapas y números como instrumentos descriptivos del poder soberano, sus modalidades de uso y sus condiciones de producción y validación de la verdad. Luego, abordamos los factores que conducen a la creciente importancia de los números y de los mapas para la acción colectiva y para la producción de identidades compartidas. Con base en las referencias de la sociología de la cuantificación, nos enfocamos en la emergencia de la cartografía estadística y en la creciente regionalización de los datos oficiales entre las décadas de 1920 y 1940, vinculadas a un nuevo modo de definir la “brasilidad”, ordenar el territorio y administrar la población. Concluimos que cuantificar es también visualizar cantidades demográficas y económicas en una espacialidad coherente y unitaria, una vez estabilizada por convenciones de equivalencia. tecnopolíticas brasilero lugares propósito soberano verdad Luego compartidas cuantificación 192 1940 brasilidad, brasilidad , “brasilidad” población unitaria equivalencia 19 194 “brasilidad 1

Resumo Este artigo realiza uma abordagem cruzada de números e mapas de modo a evidenciar o poder performativo que emerge de suas interseções tecnopolíticas, como o conceito de densidade populacional e o recorte regional do território. Aplicada ao caso brasileiro, a análise combinada ilumina aspectos relativos à construção da autoridade do Estado e seu poder de criar categorias de pessoas e lugares. Para tanto, examinamos as tendências que aproximam a estatística da cartografia no Brasil Império e que indicam um estatuto comum a mapas e números enquanto instrumentos descritivos do poder soberano, como suas modalidades de uso, e suas condições de produção e validação da verdade. Na sequência, abordamos os fatores que levam à crescente importância dos números e dos mapas para a ação coletiva e para a produção de identidades compartilhadas. Com base nas referências da sociologia da quantificação, enfocamos a emergência da cartografia estatística e a crescente regionalização dos dados oficiais, entre as décadas de 1920 e 1940, ligadas a um novo modo de definir a brasilidade, ordenar o território e gerir a população. Concluímos que quantificar é também visualizar quantidades demográficas e econômicas em uma espacialidade coerente e unitária, uma vez estabilizada por convenções de equivalência. tecnopolíticas brasileiro lugares tanto soberano uso verdade sequência compartilhadas quantificação oficiais 192 1940 brasilidade população unitária equivalência 19 194 1

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a most common form of dementia and results in memory loss, disorientation, impaired thinking and changes in personality as well as mood. The dementia cases mostly turn into the Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Another disease, the Parkinson’s disease (PD), mainly affects dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra. A series of previously synthesized quinolone-triazole hybrids were investigated and evaluated for their anti-acetyl cholinesterase and against monoamine oxidase reactive properties through in silico characterization. The ground state electronic properties were determined by electron density of the compounds through DFTs (density functional theory) calculation. The geometries of all compounds were optimized using Becke-3-parameter-Lee-Yang-Parr (B3LYP) method and 6-311g basis set. Docking studies were conducted using the AutoDock and Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) software and the results of the potent derivatives found to be encouraging. The data confirmed that all the compounds have drug-like properties and was further confirmed by ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity) properties. Alzheimers Alzheimer s AD (AD loss disorientation mood AD. . Parkinsons Parkinson PD, PD , (PD) nigra quinolonetriazole quinolone triazole antiacetyl anti acetyl characterization theory calculation Becke3parameterLeeYangParr BeckeparameterLeeYangParr Becke 3 parameter Lee Yang Parr B3LYP BLYP B LYP (B3LYP 6311g g 6 311g set MOE (MOE encouraging druglike drug like absorption, absorption (absorption distribution metabolism toxicity (PD parameterLeeYangParr

The training of Chemistry teachers in Brazil has been researched for a few decades and studies point out to training gaps that reverberate in teaching, especially in basic education. One of the contents covered in this step and which is part of the high school curriculum is radioactivity, which is related, among other things, to radiological and radioactive accidents that occur around the world. Thus, this research sought to investigate how the training provided to Chemistry undergraduates in the state of Goiás is in relation to the subject of radioactivity, since in 1987 a radiological accident occurred in Goiânia with a Cesium 137 source. This is a qualitative research, data were collected via questionnaire and the analytical technique used was discursive textual analysis (ATD). The results showed that due importance was not given to the radiological accident, since there is evidence of training gaps in relation to the topic of radioactivity in Chemistry degree courses in the state of Goiás, where the accident occurred, and the contents on radioactivity are either not addressed, or the approach is superficial. This fact directly impacts the teacher’s performance in basic education, when working on this content with their students. teaching education related things world Thus 198 13 source ATD. ATD . (ATD) addressed superficial teacher s students 19 1 (ATD

In the present article, the scientific journey that led to the development of the Nernst equation, a cornerstone in modern electrochemistry, is discussed. The paper not only explores historical achievements but also traces the evolution of scientific ideas and highlights the key figures who laid the conceptual and experimental groundwork for the seminal contributions of Nernst to the understanding of electrochemical systems. In this exploration, particular attention is paid to the examination of the first three articles published by Nernst between 1888 and 1889. These essential works marked the inception of the engagement of Nernst with the Leipzig Physical Chemistry circle, comprising the distinguished quartet: van’t Hoff, Arrhenius, Ostwald, and Nernst himself. Furthermore, the present study examines the intricate relationship between the Nernst equation and the four basic laws of Thermodynamics, all in an approach accessible to undergraduate students. A concise review elucidates the interpretation and significance of these foundational thermodynamic principles and explain how they hold the formulation of the Nernst equation. article electrochemistry discussed systems exploration 188 1889 circle quartet vant van t Hoff Arrhenius Ostwald himself Furthermore Thermodynamics students 18 1

Seeking a viable alternative to fossil fuels as the primary energy source, bioethanol has emerged as a promising second-generation fuel derived from lignocellulosic biomass. With Brazil ranking pineapple as the third most produced fruit in temporary crops, this study aims to assess the impact of chemical pretreatment techniques, specifically organosolv and diluted acid, on the residual biomass of Pérola pineapple peel to enhance bioethanol production. Employing an experimental design that incorporates temperature, reaction time, and varying concentrations of organic solvent, the study examines their effects on the susceptibility of the substrate to saccharification for future bioethanol generation. Factors such as alphacellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin were evaluated in triplicate and subjected to statistical analysis using the Tukey test with a confidence level of 95%. Upon application of the pretreatment methods, it was observed that the organosolv solvent approach (utilizing water and ethanol) with sulfuric acid exhibited superior sugar conversion, yielding the highest concentration of xylose at 9.13 g L-1. Additionally, the pretreated biomass contained 1.38 g L 1 of cellobiose, 3.11 g L-1 of arabinose, and 3.76 g L-1 of glucose. This technique demonstrates promising potential for obtaining fermentable sugars crucial for bioethanol production. source secondgeneration second generation crops techniques production temperature time alphacellulose hemicellulose 95 95% methods utilizing ethanol conversion 913 9 13 9.1 L1. L1 1. Additionally 138 38 1.3 cellobiose 311 3 11 3.1 L- arabinose 376 76 3.7 glucose 91 9. 31 3. 37 7

ABSTRACT A patient presented with corneoscleral thinning five months after the treatment of suspected ocular squamous surface neoplasia with mitomycin-C and interferon. For tectonic and aesthetic purposes, we decided to perform lamellar corneoscleral transplantation. The approach used established new tectonic support and corneal homeostasis. This technique might be an option in similar cases. mitomycinC mitomycin C interferon purposes transplantation homeostasis cases

Even though ammonia is a natural component of aquatic environments, elevated concentrations indicate pollution and environmental degradation. Consequently, efficient analytical methods for monitoring ammonia levels are crucial for preserving water quality. Voltammetry offers a sustainable approach for NH3 quantification, combining good analytical performance with low sample and reagent consumption, minimizing waste generation. However, despite these advantages, the voltammetric determination of ammonia remains relatively unexplored. Therefore, this study investigated the electrochemical behavior of NH3 in alkaline solutions using a non-modified Pt electrode and evaluated the performance of differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV) for NH3 determination. DPV provided superior performance, with limits of detection and quantification of 0.79 µmol L-1 (0.011 ppmN) and 2.6 µmol L-1 (0.036 ppmN), respectively, which comply with the maximum allowable ammonia concentration in natural waters according to Brazilian and European regulations. The voltammetric method successfully quantified ammonia in tap and river water samples, providing results concordant with the established Berthelot spectrophotometric method, at a 95% confidence level. Additionally, it is simple and fully accessible to non-electrochemist since no sophisticated procedures for electrode modification are needed. Finally, the high analytical performance of the proposed method makes it valuable for pollution monitoring in aquatic environments. environments degradation Consequently quality NH consumption generation However advantages unexplored Therefore nonmodified non modified (DPV SWV (SWV 079 0 79 0.7 L1 L 1 L- 0.011 0011 011 (0.01 ppmN 26 2 6 2. 0.036 0036 036 (0.03 ppmN, , respectively regulations samples 95 level Additionally nonelectrochemist electrochemist needed Finally 07 7 0. 0.01 001 01 (0.0 0.03 003 03 9 0.0 00 (0. (0 (

Resumen Marco contextual: La implantación de la Práctica Basada en la Evidencia (PBE) es esencial para la calidad de los cuidados de enfermería. Las acciones emprendidas por los líderes formales son esenciales para implantar la PBE, y es fundamental conocer sus percepciones. Objetivo: Conocer las percepciones de los líderes formales de enfermería sobre la PBE. Metodología: Estudio exploratorio descriptivo con enfoque cualitativo. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a 17 líderes de tres hospitales portugueses. Los datos se analizaron mediante análisis de contenido y el programa MAXQDA Analytic Pro 2022. Se garantizaron los presupuestos éticos. Resultados: Surgieron dos temas con sus respectivas categorías − Conocimiento sobre la PBE (Concepto de la PBE, Impacto de la PBE en los resultados sanitarios y Autopercepción del conocimiento sobre la PBE); Papel en la aplicación de la PBE (comportamientos y características). Conclusión: Los líderes describieron su percepción del concepto de PBE y la relación del Impacto de la PBE con los resultados sanitarios, la necesidad de conocimientos y su inversión formativa, así como su papel en este proceso. Los futuros programas de formación deberían aplicarse en este ámbito.

Abstract Background: The implementation of Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) is critical to the quality of nursing care. Formal leaders play a crucial role in developing interventions to implement EBP, so it is important to understand their perceptions. Objective: To examine formal nurse leaders’ perceptions of EBP. Methodology: Descriptive exploratory study with a qualitative approach. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 leaders from three Portuguese hospitals. Data were analyzed using content analysis and MAXQDA Analytics Pro 2022 software. All ethical principles were observed. Results: Two themes and their categories emerged − Knowledge of EBP (Concept of EBP, Impact of EBP on health outcomes, and Self-perception of the knowledge about EBP) and Role in EBP implementation (behaviors and characteristics). Conclusion: The leaders described their perception of the concept of EBP and the association between the impact of EBP and health outcomes, the need for knowledge, and the investment in training, as well as their role in this process. Future training programs should be implemented in this area.

Resumo Enquadramento: A implementação da Prática Baseada na Evidência (PBE) é crucial para a qualidade dos cuidados de enfermagem. As ações desenvolvidas pelos líderes formais são essenciais para implementar a PBE, tornando-se determinante conhecer as suas perceções. Objetivo: Conhecer as perceções de líderes formais de enfermagem sobre a PBE. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo exploratório com abordagem qualitativa. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas a 17 líderes de três hospitais portugueses. Os dados foram analisados através de análise de conteúdo e do software MAXQDA Analytics Pro 2022. Salvaguardados os pressupostos éticos. Resultados: Emergiram dois temas com respetivas categorias − Conhecimento sobre PBE (Conceito de PBE, Impacto da PBE nos resultados em saúde e Autoperceção do conhecimento sobre PBE); Papel na implementação da PBE (comportamentos e caraterísticas). Conclusão: Os líderes descreveram a sua perceção sobre o Conceito de PBE e a relação do Impacto da PBE com resultados em saúde, a necessidade de conhecimento e o seu investimento formativo, bem como o seu papel neste processo. Futuros programas formativos deverão ser implementados nesta área.

Abstract Purpose: To review the current advances and current of the study of consciousness in order to discuss the advantages of a research program on consciousness defined by biology and complexity sciences. Methodological design: A review of the scientific literature of consciousness showed conceptual and methodological findings and their limitations. An analysis of the methods of complexity sciences and biology was carried out to discuss how this approach is able to contribute to the study of consciousness. Results: Among the comparative development of different current theories on consciousness we have the Theory of the integration of information and the Theory of the global work area. We also present a working scheme with the methods of complexity sciences and suggest evolutionary biology as a framework for the interpretation of the results. Research Limitations: A lack of consensus on definition makes it difficult to integrate empirical data into a general theory of consciousness. Findings: Six points were discussed as necessary for the research program of evolutionary biology and complexity, such as: the adaptive functional analysis of consciousness, the emergence of modular structures, evolutionary novelties, the genetic correspondence of cognitive abilities, the effect of the environment and reciprocal causality.

Resumen Objetivo: Presentar los avances y problemas vigentes del estudio de la consciencia con el fin de discutir las ventajas de un programa de investigación centrado en ella, definido por la biología evolutiva y las ciencias de la complejidad. Diseño metodológico: Se realizó una revisión de la literatura científica de los estudios de la consciencia. La revisión se centró en mostrar los hallazgos y limitaciones conceptuales y metodológicas. Posterior a eso, se realizó un análisis de los métodos de las ciencias de la complejidad y la biología evolutiva para discutir sus alcances en el estudio de la consciencia. Resultados: Se presenta el desarrollo comparativo de diferentes teorías actuales sobre la consciencia, entre ellas: la Teoría de la integración de la información y la Teoría del área de trabajo global. También se presenta un esquema de trabajo con los métodos de las ciencias de la complejidad y se sugiere a la biología evolutiva como un marco para la interpretación de los resultados. Limitaciones de la investigación: La falta de consenso en la definición dificulta la integración de los datos empíricos en una teoría general de la consciencia. Hallazgos: Se argumenta a favor de seis puntos necesarios para el programa de investigación de la biología evolutiva y de la complejidad. Los puntos son: el análisis funcional adaptativo de la consciencia, la emergencia de estructuras modulares, las novedades evolutivas, la correspondencia genética de las capacidades cognitivas, el efecto del medio y la causalidad recíproca.

Abstract Purpose: To identify the main links between the Localized Agri-Food Systems (SYAL = Systemes Agroalimentaires Localisés) approach and agroecology and determine the elements of agroecology that could strengthen SYAL to promote territorial patrimonialization. Methodological design: Through the qualitative approach and based on the systematic review of documentary and multimedia sources in the period 2010-2023, a content analysis was carried out to propose a critical path for territorial patrimonialization. Results: Both approaches seek the reconnection of food with the territory and recognize a quality that results from processes and products according to bioregions; distinguishing the territory as an element of identity; valuating traditional know-how and promoting local, collective action. Research limitations: There is a gap of studies from the SYAL approach that delves into the application of agroecological practices as a strategy to strengthen the quality linked to the territory, address the environmental dimension, and promote territorial patrimonialization. Findings: The agroecological principles emphasize the quality linked to the territory, and the SYAL approach the bioregional patrimonialization.

Resumen Objetivo: Identificar los principales vínculos entre el enfoque de Sistemas Agroalimentarios Localizados (SIAL) y el agroecológico y determinar los elementos de la agroecología que podrían fortalecer al SIAL para promover la patrimonialización territorial. Diseño metodológico: A través del enfoque cualitativo y partiendo de la revisión sistemática de fuentes documentales y multimedia en el periodo 2010-2023, se llevó a cabo un análisis de contenido a fin de proponer una ruta crítica para la patrimonialización territorial. Resultados: Ambas aproximaciones buscan la reconexión de los alimentos con el territorio y reconocen una calidad que resulta de procesos y productos anclados a biorregiones; distinguen al territorio como elemento identitario; valorizan los saber-hacer tradicionales e impulsan la acción colectiva local. Limitaciones de la investigación: Existe un vacío de estudios desde el enfoque SIAL que profundicen en la aplicación de prácticas agroecológicas como estrategia para fortalecer la calidad ligada al territorio, atender la dimensión ambiental y promover la patrimonialización territorial. Hallazgos: Los principios agroecológicos enfatizan la calidad ligada al territorio y el enfoque SIAL la patrimonialización biorregional.

Abstract Introduction: The Wood Thrush is a migratory bird that has experienced dramatic declines in its populations in recent decades. This species overwinters in forest fragments with intermediate levels of habitat modification in Central America. However, more studies detailing the use of remnant forests through time are needed to elucidate the threats this species faces in the wintering grounds. Objective: To understand the effects of environmental and forest structure variables on the occupancy of Wood Thrush in Northern Costa Rica. Methods: The study area was the Área de Conservación Guanacaste (ACG), located in Northern Costa Rica, in December 2016, and during the 2018-2019 migration season. We estimated Wood Thrush occupancy and detection probability in four locations of ACG (dry forest, cloud forest, and two locations in the wet forest) using single-season occupancy models. We also estimated Wood Thrush occupancy and probability of persistence in different months in three vegetation types (open area, secondary forest, and old-growth forest) in the wet forest of ACG using a multi-season occupancy model approach. Results: Wood Thrush occupancy was best described by precipitation in the four locations of the ACG; the probability of occupancy increased with precipitation. The average occupancy of Wood Thrushes varied with vegetation type: open area with shrubs and forest edge (0.69 ± 0.09), secondary forest (0.46 ± 0.1), and old-growth forest (0.61 ± 0.1). Wood Thrush probability of persistence responded partially to changes in precipitation, with an unexpected increase in persistence when the rainfall continued decreasing in the season. Conclusion: Wood Thrush occupancy was best predicted by changes in precipitation considering a larger spatial scale. Its probability of persistence partially varied with precipitation. An increase in persistence closer to Spring migration might be explained by the start of the breeding season of resident birds, potentially reducing territorial conflicts and conserving energy before migration. The long-term protection of wet forests in Northern Costa Rica is of paramount importance for the conservation of Wood Thrushes in their wintering grounds.

Resumen Introducción: El Zorzal del Bosque es un ave migratoria que ha experimentado caídas dramáticas en sus poblaciones en las últimas décadas. Esta especie pasa el invierno en fragmentos de bosque con niveles intermedios de modificación de hábitat en Centroamérica. Sin embargo, se necesitan más estudios que detallen el uso de los bosques remanentes a lo largo del tiempo para dilucidar las amenazas que enfrenta esta especie en las zonas de invernada. Objetivo: Comprender los efectos de variables ambientales y de estructura del bosque en la ocurrencia del Zorzal del Bosque en el Norte de Costa Rica. Métodos: El área de estudio fue el Área de Conservación Guanacaste (ACG), ubicada en el Norte de Costa Rica, en diciembre de 2016, y en la temporada migratoria 2018-2019. Estimamos la ocurrencia y la probabilidad de detección del Zorzal del Bosque en cuatro ubicaciones de ACG (bosque seco, bosque nuboso y dos ubicaciones en el bosque húmedo) utilizando modelos de ocurrencia de una sola temporada. También estimamos la ocurrencia del Zorzal del Bosque y la probabilidad de persistencia en diferentes meses en tres tipos de vegetación (área abierta, bosque secundario y bosque primario) en el bosque húmedo de ACG utilizando un enfoque de modelo de ocurrencia multi-estacional. Resultados: La ocurrencia del Zorzal del Bosque estuvo mejor descrita por la precipitación en las cuatro localidades del ACG; la probabilidad de ocurrencia aumentó con las precipitaciones. La ocurrencia media de zorzales varió con el tipo de vegetación: área abierta con arbustos y borde de bosque (0.69 ± 0.09), bosque secundario (0.46 ± 0.1) y bosque primario (0.61 ± 0.1). La probabilidad de persistencia del zorzal respondió parcialmente a cambios en la precipitación, con un aumento inesperado en la persistencia cuando las precipitaciones continuaron disminuyendo en la temporada. Conclusión: La ocurrecia del Zorzal del Bosque varió con la precipitación considerando una escala espacial mayor. Su probabilidad de persistencia varió parcialmente con la precipitación. Un aumento en la persistencia más cerca de la migración de primavera podría explicarse por el inicio de la temporada de reproducción de las aves residentes, lo que podría reducir los conflictos territoriales y conservar energía antes de la migración. La protección a largo plazo de los bosques húmedos en el norte de Costa Rica es de suma importancia para la conservación de los Zorzales del Bosque en sus zonas de invernada.

Abstract Standardized Work (SW) is an approach originated in the manufacturing industry, which aims to standardize and improve the efficiency of operations cycles, based on the Lean Production Philosophy. SW has the potential to support the implementation of Location-Based Planning and Control (LBPC) as it allows balancing the workload between workers or teams, contributing to the synchronization of processes. The aim of this study is to propose a method for implementing SW as an additional element of LBPC. Design Science Research was the methodological approach adopted in this investigation and an empirical study was carried out in a real estate company, in which the method for implementing SW was conceived and implemented.The following benefits were identified in the study: increase in the degree of process standardization, improvement in process synchronization, increase in the engagement of the work force with process standards, and improvement in terms of time reliability. The main contribution of this research study has been the adaptation of SW in the construction context as an additional element of LBPC. (SW industry cycles Philosophy LocationBased Location Based LBPC (LBPC teams processes company implementedThe implemented standardization standards reliability

Resumo Trabalho Padronizado (TP) é uma abordagem originária da indústria da manufatura que visa a padronizar e melhorar a eficiência dos ciclos de operações com base na Filosofia da Produção Enxuta. O TP tem o potencial de apoiar a implementação do Planejamento e Controle Baseado em Localização (LBPC), pois permite equilibrar a carga de trabalho entre os trabalhadores ou equipes, contribuindo para a sincronização de processos. O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver um método para implementação do TP como um elemento adicional do LBPC. Design Science Research foi a abordagem metodológica utilizada, sendo conduzido um estudo empírico em uma empresa atuante no mercado imobiliário, na qual o método para implementação do TP foi concebido e implementado. Os seguintes benefícios foram identificados no estudo: aumento do grau de padronização das operações, melhoria na sincronização entre processos, aumento do engajamento da mão-de-obra com padrões de processo, e melhoria em termos de confiabilidade em relação a prazos. A principal contribuição desta pesquisa para o avanço do conhecimento foi a adaptação da abordagem do TP ao contexto da construção civil como um elemento adicional do LBPC. (TP Enxuta LBPC, LBPC , (LBPC) equipes processos utilizada imobiliário implementado mãodeobra mão obra processo prazos (LBPC

Abstract The identification of anomalies for damage mapping is a complex task that depends on knowledge of their manifestation. The purpose of this study is to propose criteria for detecting anomalies in mortar coatings by analyzing facade images, aiming to improve damage mapping. Specific parameters related to position (geometry), configuration, grouping, origin and nearby construction componentes are proposed to guide the identification of each damage, indicating what is most important to observe in each case. To apply the proposed method, six sections of building facades in Brasília - DF are selected. The main characteristics that aid in identifying the typology of each anomaly are obtained, and the applied methodology validates the proposed approach. The results show that the established criteria lead to precise anomaly identification, making the damage mapping process more efficient and reliable, contributing to the study of degradation. manifestation images geometry, geometry , (geometry) configuration grouping case method selected obtained approach reliable degradation (geometry

Resumo A identificação de anomalias para a elaboração de mapas de danos é uma tarefa complexa e depende do conhecimento das suas formas de manifestação. O objetivo deste estudo é propor critérios para a detecção de anomalias em revestimentos de argamassa, pela análise de imagens de fachadas, visando aperfeiçoar o mapeamento de danos. São propostos parâmetros específicos, relacionados a posição (geometria), configuração, agrupamento, origem e componentes construtivos próximos que direcionam para a identificação de cada dano, indicando o que é mais importante observar em cada caso. Para a aplicação do método proposto, são selecionados seis trechos de fachadas de edifícios de Brasília - DF. São obtidas as principais características que auxiliam na identificação da tipologia de cada anomalia e a aplicação realizada permite validar a abordagem proposta. Com os resultados alcançados, observa-se que os critérios estabelecidos conduzem para a identificação precisa das anomalias, tornando o processo de elaboração de mapas de danos mais eficiente e confiável, contribuindo para o estudo da degradação. manifestação argamassa específicos geometria, geometria , (geometria) configuração agrupamento dano caso proposto DF proposta alcançados observase observa se confiável degradação (geometria