Abstract Choosing a university degree in Mexico is an important decision, especially if, upon completing high school, you wish to enter a Higher Education Institution. Indeed, private universities have assumed the responsibility of being competitive by offering professional training that allows effective job placement. That is why the present study was carried out in the City of Puebla Mexico, since it is one of the entities with the largest number of universities. A qualitative research was carried out, supported by an exploratory methodology, content analysis and digital positioning, including a search in different academic databases such as Scopus, Ebsco, Web of Science, among others. Among the results, it stands out that there are activities that favor brand positioning in private universities in Puebla through educational marketing; likewise, it was found that the actions that the different private higher education institutions have are numerous and seek to capture the attention of applicants and, finally, it was determined which of these actions represented favorable results in terms of improving perception and achieve improvement in their enrollment in an institution.

Resumen La elección de una carrera universitaria en México es una decisión importante sobre todo si al concluir los estudios de bachillerato se desea ingresar a una Institución de Educación Superior. En efecto, las universidades privadas han asumido la responsabilidad de ser competitivas al ofrecer una formación profesional que permita una inserción laboral efectiva. Es por ello que, el presente estudio se realizó en la Ciudad de Puebla México, ya que es una de las entidades con un mayor número de universidades. Se realizó una investigación de tipo cualitativa, sustentada bajo una metodología exploratoria, el análisis de contenido y posicionamiento digital incluyendo una búsqueda en diferentes bases de datos académicas tales como Scopus, Ebsco, Web of Science, entre otros. Entre los resultados se destaca que existen actividades que favorecen el posicionamiento de marca en universidades privadas de Puebla a través del marketing educativo; asimismo, se encontró que las acciones que tienen las diferentes instituciones de educación superior de carácter privado en son numerosas y buscan captar la atención de los aspirantes y, finalmente, se determinó cuáles de esas acciones representaron resultados favorables en cuestión de mejoramiento de la percepción y alcance la mejora en la inscripción del mismo en una institución.

RESUMO Neste artigo, refletimos, desde uma perspectiva discursiva, sobre o processo formal de elegibilidade de solicitantes de refúgio no Brasil. O objetivo central é sublinhar a dimensão performativa da produção do refugiado, aqui compreendido como um rótulo que depende de práticas discursivas - em especial narrativas -, de que participam os/as solicitantes, oficiais e demais atores sociais que compõem o sistema jurídico e burocrático do refúgio. Nessas práticas, o que parece estar em jogo são as competências narrativas do/a solicitante e entrevistadores/as em conformar a experiência de migração em uma matriz de inteligibilidades sobre o deslocamento humano e sobre o funcionamento da linguagem. A partir da análise de elementos de pelo menos duas importantes pontas do processo - textos de documentos normativos e entrevistas com voluntários que preparam solicitantes para suas entrevistas de elegibilidade -, mostramos como ideologias linguísticas, especialmente crenças sobre a natureza da construção narrativa, operam como protagonistas de tal processo institucional. artigo refletimos discursiva Brasil refugiado , osas os doa entrevistadoresas entrevistadores linguagem linguísticas narrativa institucional

ABSTRACT In this article, we reflect on the formal process of asylum eligibility in Brazil from a discursive perspective. We aim to underline the performative dimension of the refugee’s production. This label is understood here as dependent on discursive practices - especially narratives -, in which the applicants, officials, and other social actors participate. In these practices, what seems to be at stake are the narrative competencies of the asylum seeker and interviewers in shaping the migration experience into a matrix of intelligibility about human displacement and language functioning. We analyze at least two important aspects of the process: the texts of normative documents and interviews with volunteers who prepare applicants for their eligibility interviews. We then show how linguistic ideologies, especially beliefs about the nature of narrative construction, operate as protagonists of such an institutional process. article perspective refugees refugee s production , officials participate functioning ideologies construction

Resumen Este artículo estudia las formas de autoidentificación entre los solicitantes de asistencia social estatal con la finalidad de indagar en las concepciones populares de bienestar, necesidad, derechos y ciudadanía en la Argentina de mediados del siglo XX. Para ello, se describen las categorías socioeconómicas y políticas usadas en las cartas de solicitud de asistencia social, así como los atributos legales y morales con las que fueron asociadas. El análisis empírico fue realizado mediante la revisión de más de trescientas solicitudes de asistencia social dirigidas a organizaciones estatales entre 1943 y 1955.

Abstract This article studies the forms of self-identification among applicants for state social assistance in order to investigate the popular conceptions of welfare, necessity, rights, and citizenship in Argentina in the mid-20th century. To do this, it describes the socioeconomic and political categories used, as well as the legal and moral attributes with which they were associated. The empirical analysis was carried out through the revision of more than three hundred social assistance requests addressed to state organizations between 1943 and 1955.

BACKGROUND. There is a shortage of qualified healthcare workers in South Africa (SA), as well as a maldistribution between urban and rural areas. Research has shown that health professionals of rural origin are more likely to live and work in rural areas than their urban colleagues. It has been recommended that student selection policies of higher education institutions should prioritise applicants from rural and remote areas to address the urban-rural maldistribution of graduates and to redress historical equity issues. However, university students in SA have high attrition and low graduation rates. The Umthombo Youth Development Foundation (UYDF) recruits and supports rural-origin health science students, who completed Grade 12 at a rural school, to address staff shortages in rural areas. OBJECTIVES. To report on the throughput rates (percentage of cohort who graduate) and time to completion (number of years taken to graduate) of eight cohorts of UYDF-supported rural-origin health science students. METHODS. A total of 388 student records from the 2008 - 2015 cohorts, covering 17 different health science disciplines, were analysed, and throughput rates and time to completion for the different cohorts and health science disciplines were calculated. Throughput rates and time to completion were also calculated for 3-year, 4-year and 6-year qualifications. RESULTS. Throughput for the 2008 - 2015 cohorts ranged between 82% (2010 cohort) and 100% (2009 cohort). For 3-year qualifications, five cohorts had 100% throughput and one cohort 50% throughput. For 4-year qualifications, throughput ranged from 75% (2010 cohort) to 100% (2009 cohort). For medical students (6-year qualification), throughput ranged from a low of 81% (2014 cohort) to 100% in two cohorts (2008 and 2009). More female students (n=29) were excluded than male students (n=14). With regard to time to completion, over the eight cohorts 68% of students completed in the minimum time, 23% needed 1 additional year, 6% an additional 2 years, 2% an additional 3 years, and 1% an additional 4 years. For 4-year qualifications, 58% of students completed in the minimum time, 28% needed 1 additional year, 9% needed 2 additional years, 4% needed 3 additional years, and 1% needed an additional 4 years. Of medical students, 76% completed in the minimum time, 19% needed 1 additional year, and 98% had completed after 2 additional years. DISCUSSION. The UYDF students studying for 3-year and 4-year qualifications exceeded the national throughput rates in seven of eight cohorts. UYDF medical students exceeded the national statistics in four cohorts, had similar throughputs in two cohorts, and had lower throughputs than the national statistics in two cohorts. Overall, 91% of UYDF students across the eight cohorts completed in the minimum time plus 1 additional year, exceeding the national statistics. CONCLUSION. The relatively high throughput rates compared with the national statistics highlight the academic ability of rural-origin health science students and provide hope that national shortages of healthcare workers may be addressed if there is an investment in such students.

Abstract This article examines technological postpandemic trends in Mexico, using the technologies recorded in patent and utility model applications filed with the Mexican Institute of Industrial Property (IMPI). We found that the number of applications decreased by more than 50% in 2020 and 2021 compared to 2018. On the other hand, technologies related to COVID-19 significantly increased in 2020-2021 compared to 2018, but not digital technologies. Interestingly, we found that approximately 90% of utility models have only Mexican inventors and applicants, while in patents, this percentage is halved. This finding suggests that minor inventions related to products or industrial tools are being developed locally, but inventions requiring more significant novelty, including not only objects but also substances or processes, are only half Mexican.

Resumen Este artículo estudia las tendencias tecnológicas en México en el periodo posterior a la pandemia, utilizando las tecnologías registradas en las solicitudes de las patentes y modelos de utilidad del Instituto Mexicano de la Propiedad Industrial (IMPI). Se encontró que el número de solicitudes disminuyó en más del 50% en 2020 y en 2021, respecto a 2018. Por su parte, las tecnologías relacionadas con el COVID-19 aumentaron significativamente en 2020-2021 respecto a 2018, pero no así las de tecnologías digitales. De manera interesante, aproximadamente el 90% de los modelos de utilidad tienen únicamente inventores y solicitantes mexicanos, mientras que en las patentes este porcentaje se reduce a la mitad. Ello indicaría que las invenciones menores de productos o herramientas industriales están siendo desarrollados localmente, pero las invenciones que requieren mayor novedad y que incluyen no sólo objetos, sino también substancias o procesos, sólo la mitad son mexicanas.

RESUMEN Introducción: La Comisión Nacional de Residencias Médicas (CONAREM) es el principal sistema de admisión para la tutoría clínica de residencias médicas en Paraguay, avalado por Ministerio de Salud Pública y Bienestar Social. Objetivos. Determinar la relación entre el puntaje final obtenido y el promedio de grado en postulantes a convocatorias CONAREM 2019-2023. Metodología: Estudio transversal con variables sociodemográficas, académicas, puntajes del examen y puntaje final. Se aplicaron métodos descriptivos y pruebas de Kolmogórov-Smirnov, t de Student, U de Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis y correlación de Spearman; utilizando software Stata© 17.0 de StataCorp LLC. Se consideraron significativos cuando p<0.05. Resultados: De 2019 a 2023, 4.768 médicos postularon examen CONAREM. 62,12 % eran mujeres, 34,51 % tenían entre 22 y 25 años y 95,30 % estaban solteros. El promedio de grado fue 3,56 0, 49. La mayoría (69,09 %) provenían de universidades privadas. En las especialidades preferidas, clínica médica fue más común (20,31 %), luego cirugía general y pediatría (ambas 14,30 %), 39,14 % pudo acceder a especialidad preferida. El puntaje final promedio fue 67,92 (RIC 60,78 - 76,76) con diferencias significativas según edad, universidad de procedencia y año de examen. Con modelo de regresión logística se demostró que promedio de grado, edad, universidad pública y primera participación en examen estaban asociados con mayor probabilidad de obtener mejores puntajes. El modelo tenía coeficiente de ajuste de 0, 318, indicando que solo predice el 32 % de resultados. La correlación fue moderada y significativa entre puntaje final y promedio general de grado. Según universidad, la correlación fue baja y no significativa para universidades extranjeras, mientras que universidades públicas y privadas mostraron correlación moderada pero significativa. Discusión. Los mejores promedios de grado se correlacionan moderadamente con mayor probabilidad de puntajes altos y acceder a especialidades de preferencia de los médicos recientemente graduados, provenientes de universidades públicas que hayan rendido por primera vez el examen de la CONAREM.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The National Commission of Medical Residencies (CONAREM) is the main admission system for clinical tutoring of medical residencies in Paraguay, endorsed by the Ministry of Public Health and Social Welfare. Objectives: Determine the relationship between the final score obtained and the average degree in applicants to CONAREM calls 2019-2023. Methods: Cross-sectional study with sociodemographic and academic variables, exam scores and final score. Descriptive methods and tests of Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Student's t, Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman's correlation were applied; using Stata© 17.0 software from StataCorp LLC. They were considered significant when p<0.05. Results: From 2019 to 2023, 4,768 doctors applied for the CONAREM exam. 62.12% had a female female, 34.51% from 22 to 25, and 95.30% were single. The grade point average was 3.56(0.49. The majority (69.09%) came from private universities. As for preferred specialties, medical clinic was more common (20.31%), then general surgery and pediatrics (both 14.30%). 39.14% could access preferred specialty. The average final score was 67.92 and significant differences were found according to age, university of origin and year of examination. With logistic regression model, it was shown that average grade, age, public university and first participation in the exam were associated with a higher probability of obtaining better scores. The model had an adjustment coefficient of 0.318, indicating that it only predicts 32% of outcomes. The correlation was moderate and significant between final score and overall grade point average. By type of university, the correlation was low and not significant for foreign universities, while public and private universities showed moderate but significant correlation. Discussion: The best grade point averages correlate moderately with higher probability of high scores and access to specialties of preference and are associated with recently graduated doctors from public universities and took the exam for the first time.

RESUMEN Introducción: El estudio de la personalidad de trabajadores y aspirantes es primordial en los procesos de gestión del capital humano en la Unión Eléctrica. Para su evaluación es necesario el empleo de herramientas válidas y confiables que permitan una interpretación precisa, estable y ética de los resultados. Objetivos: Examinar la forma 5 del cuestionario de 16 factores de personalidad de Cattell en trabajadores de la Unión Eléctrica; obtener evidencias de la validez, la confiabilidad de esta prueba y establecer los valores normativos para su calificación en la población de referencia. Métodos: Se desarrolló una investigación cuantitativa, de tipo descriptiva y corte transversal, entre los meses de mayo de 2022 y junio de 2023. Se aplicó un muestreo no probabilístico intencional a 445 trabajadores. Se estudió la consistencia interna del instrumento, su estabilidad, estructura factorial y las puntuaciones descriptivas de los factores de primer orden. Resultados: Los resultados muestran que el instrumento cuenta con una consistencia interna adecuada y su estructura factorial se ajusta a las planteadas por los manuales de la prueba para las versiones en inglés y español. Se establecieron los valores normativos para la calificación del instrumento en la población de referencia. Conclusiones: La investigación examinó las propiedades psicométricas y las puntuaciones fundamentales del instrumento; permitió la elaboración de sus normas de calificación para la población de referencia y deja una serie de recomendaciones para hacer más válidas y confiables la utilización de los cuestionarios de personalidad de Cattell en la Unión Eléctrica.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The study of the personality of workers and applicants is essential in the processes of human capital management in the Electric Union. For its evaluation, it is necessary to use valid and reliable tools that allow an accurate, stable and ethical interpretation of the results. Objectives: To examine Form 5 of the Cattell´s questionnaire of 16 personality factors in workers of the Electric Union; to collect evidence of the validity and reliability of this test and to establish the normative values for its qualification in the reference population. Methods: A quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional research was developed between May 2022 and June 2023. Intentional non-probability sampling was applied to 445 workers. The internal consistency of the instrument, its stability, factorial structure and the descriptive scores of the first-order factors were studied. Results: The results show that the instrument has an adequate internal consistency and its factorial structure conforms to those proposed by the test manuals for the English and Spanish versions. The normative values for the qualification of the instrument in the reference population were established. Conclusions: The research examined the psychometric properties and fundamental scores of the instrument; allowed the elaboration of its qualification standards for the reference population and leaves a series of recommendations to make the use of Cattell's personality questionnaires in the Electric Union more valid and reliable.

Abstract This study analyzes a registration form filled out by girls applying for the Senador Ernesto Dornelles Women’s Vocational School (Porto Alegre/RS, 1940). Its archive contained 195 folders with documents from students who enrolled in the institution from 1946 to 1950, including registration forms. Made by the Psychotechnical and Educational Guidance Service of the Department of Education and Culture of Rio Grande do Sul, these files consisted of two parts: I) the family, which included information on family members’ economic, educational, and social conditions and respondents’ interest in their daughter’s profession and II) the student, inquiring about girls’ education, way of life, vocational tendencies, and general impressions. We use Foucault’s theoretical contributions on examination procedures in disciplinary institutions and their subjectivation effects. The analysis of these forms found some of the social expectations and possibilities open to the formation of young applicants’ professional subjectivities based on the formulated questions and the possible answers available for families and students. Womens Women s Porto AlegreRS Alegre RS Alegre/RS 1940. 1940 . 1940) 19 194 1950 Sul parts I members economic educational respondents daughters daughter II student education life tendencies impressions Foucaults Foucault effects applicants 1

Resumo Neste artigo apresentamos a análise de uma ficha social que era preenchida quando da candidatura de meninas ao ingresso como alunas na Escola Técnica Feminina Senador Ernesto Dornelles (Porto Alegre/RS, anos 1940). Localizaram-se no arquivo da escola 195 pastas de documentos de alunas que se matricularam na instituição entre 1946 e 1950, entre os quais constam essas fichas. Produzida pelo Serviço de Psicotécnica e Orientação Educacional da Secretaria de Educação e Cultura do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, as fichas eram compostas de duas partes: I) A família, parte que incluía informações sobre a situação econômica dos membros da família, suas condições educacionais e sociais e o interesse do respondente pela profissão da filha; e II) A aluna, seção em que constavam inquirições sobre as condições educacionais e o teor de vida da menina, suas tendências vocacionais e impressões gerais sobre ela. Recorremos a aportes teóricos de Foucault acerca dos procedimentos de exame nas instituições disciplinares e seus efeitos de subjetivação. A análise da ficha social permitiu identificar a partir das questões formuladas e das alternativas de respostas disponíveis às famílias e às alunas algumas das expectativas sociais e possibilidades abertas à formação das subjetividades profissionais das jovens ingressantes. Porto AlegreRS Alegre RS Alegre/RS 1940. 1940 . 1940) Localizaramse Localizaram 19 194 1950 Sul partes I família filha II aluna menina ela subjetivação ingressantes 1

ABSTRACT The study encompasses various infrastructural amenities such as railways, roads, ports, bridges, tunnels, power plants, hospitals, municipal buildings, and other public-use facilities, which are essential for every country’s economic growth. Recognizing the challenges faced by governments in independently providing all infrastructure components, Public Private Partnerships [PPPs] have emerged as a cooperative approach between the public and private sectors. This paper explores the risks, delays, key success factors, contractor selection, and best value selection models in construction project management. In addition, the paper emphasizes the challenges that governments need to address in order to ensure the efficient functioning of the BOT (Built Operate Transfer) network. The challenges in establishing an efficient BOT network are highlighted, and a decision-support system using the .Net framework is developed to aid in the prequalification and rating of BOT marketers. The purpose of this system is to provide the best value to the public procurer by employing regression analysis to rate bidders/applicants and utilizing a composite programming method based on relative weighting. railways roads ports bridges tunnels plants hospitals buildings publicuse use facilities countrys country s growth components PPPs [PPPs sectors risks delays factors management addition Built Transfer highlighted decisionsupport decision support Net marketers biddersapplicants bidders applicants weighting

Abstract The study aimed to analyze the profile of requests for medicinal cannabis-based products within the Technical Notes (TNs) of the e-NatJus platform. Conducted as a descriptive documentary research, it utilized secondary data from the platform, covering TNs published from 2018 to August 31, 2023. Among the 672 identified TNs, a substantial number, 83 % (n=558), presented unfavorable opinions. The applicants, predominantly male (53.12 %), spanned various age groups from newborns to the elderly. Geographically, requests were distributed across 23 states in Brazil, with Rio Grande do Sul being the most representative (19.6 %). Diagnostic confirmation relied on medical reports, and prevalent diagnoses included "unspecified speech or language development disorder" (CID F80.9) and "epilepsy" (CID G40), accounting for 19.34 % and 18.6 % of TNs, respectively. The findings offer a comprehensive view of the judicialization of health concerning medicinal cannabis in Brazil. In light of divergent results for similar therapeutic goals, the study emphasizes the necessity for clinical guidelines and robust scientific research to ascertain the effectiveness and safety of cannabis-based medications. Clear guidelines are crucial to ensure the effective and safe use of medicinal cannabis in the judicial context. cannabisbased based (TNs eNatJus e NatJus platform 201 31 2023 67 number 8 n=558, n558 n n=558 , 558 (n=558) opinions applicants 53.12 5312 53 12 (53.1 %, %) elderly Geographically 2 Brazil 19.6 196 19 6 (19. %. . reports unspecified disorder CID F80.9 F809 F F80 9 epilepsy "epilepsy G40, G40 G G40) 1934 34 19.3 186 18 18. respectively goals medications context 20 3 202 n55 n=55 55 (n=558 53.1 531 5 1 (53. 19. (19 F80. F8 G4 193 n5 n=5 (n=55 53. (53 (1 n= (n=5 (5 ( (n= (n

This article utilises both the theoretical and practical lenses located in the discipline of forensic linguistics to examine the practice of administering language tests to applicants for citizenship in South Africa, considering the prevailing policies and practices in an international context, and concludes that they should be avoided. In this interdisciplinary article I outline the South African constitutional and legislative provisions affecting language testing and language proficiency when applying for citizenship in multilingual South Africa. In this paper I discuss the linkages between language, citizenship, and xenophobia, building on the work by Brits, Kaschula and Docrat on the role of language in xenophobic attacks and protests. I argue that language tests for immigrants in the South African context perpetuate Apartheid-era thinking, policies and practices. This creates linguistic inequality and contributes to racial tensions and divisions in communities rather than creating social cohesion and equality for all. The article provides a case study of Operation Dudula, where language is being used to carry out xenophobic acts under the banner of citizenship. A brief comparison is drawn with Ryanair airlines' language tests for South African citizens.

BACKGROUND: South African insurance companies are under pressure to adapt to the constantly changing environment and customer-changing requirements. Agile software development presents itself as a viable solution for swiftly meeting these demands. However, there is a lack of comprehensive understanding regarding the current utilisation of agile methodologies within the South African insurance sector; this article aims to bridge this gap. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this theme is to fully understand the extensive level of the experience for the participants and the nature of projects the participants have been involved in and lastly time frames of the projects and how long have insurance been using agile methodology. METHOD: For this study, purposive sampling that involves the selection of the units to be observed based on your own judgement about which ones were the most useful or representative will be applied. The criteria were based on the participants having played a role as stakeholder in a project that has used agile methodology within the selected organisation within the past 3 years to remain relevant to this study purpose. RESULTS: The identified pattens from the respondents showed that agile methodology is currently utilised for the following in the selected insurance company. • software upgrades • new product • new function CONCLUSION: In summary, the current state of agile methodology utilisation in a South African insurance company is associated with application transformation to cloud computing, work transformation, onboarding of new applicants, environment enhancements, schema amendment, introduction of new product such as sales force, automating insurance claims documents, scheme enhancement, fund anniversary and renewal of people's schemes. CONTRIBUTION: This comprehensive research significantly contributes to the body of knowledge, shaping the strategic direction of agile methodologies within software development project environments.

Resumen El creciente interés por el Grado en Criminología en los últimos años se ha debido principalmente a la emisión de series con temas forenses. Estas han generado una imagen distorsionada de la antropología forense que se ha traducido principalmente en un aumento del número de discentes en el grado y, en numerosos casos, en una decepción por los contenidos del itinerario formativo. Por ello, el conocimiento de la antropología forense en la etapa preuniversitaria requiere diseñar proyectos de innovación educativa con metodologías activas que logren formar al alumnado en las áreas esenciales de esta disciplina. Este trabajo presenta los resultados de una propuesta de innovación, basada en el Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas (ABP), implementada en los cursos de tercero y cuarto de educación secundaria con el objetivo de evaluar la eficacia del ABP en el aprendizaje de la antropología forense. El alumnado se convierte en antropólogos por un día aplicando métodos y técnicas forenses para identificar varios individuos a través de la experimentación y determinación de la estatura, el sexo y la edad. Los resultados del estudio muestran que el ABP fomentó en el aula un ambiente motivador, colaborativo y un aprendizaje significativo para establecer la identidad de los individuos; así como se percibió una aceptación muy favorable del método y las técnicas del taller por parte de los participantes y el profesorado.

Abstract Growing interest in Criminology degrees over the past few years is mainly due to various television series on forensic matters. These programs have created a distorted image of forensic anthropology which has led not only to an increase in the number of degree applicants but also, in many cases, disappointment among students regarding the course contents. Consequently, knowledge of forensic anthropology in pre-university environments involves designing educational innovation projects with active methodologies that manage to train students in the essential areas of this discipline and in the tasks performed by forensic anthropologists. This work presents the results of an educational innovation proposal, based on Problems Based Learning (PBL), implemented among students to assess the effectiveness of PBL in the learning of forensic anthropology. In a workshop, students work as anthropologists for a day, applying forensic methods and techniques to identify several individuals by determining their stature, gender and age. The results show that PBL encouraged a motivating environment and significant and collaborative learning to determine the identity of the individuals, and more advantageous acceptance is perceived of the method and workshop techniques both by the participants and by teachers in the school.

Abstract This article analyzes the application of a regularization mechanism for immigrants, typical of Spanish law and directly linked to integration measures, as a possible legal solution for thousands of asylum seekers whose applications have been rejected or remain unresolved in any of the European Union Member States. The revision of the regulations and directives of the Common European Asylum System reform focuses on the extension of integration measures to these people. The article provides a new approach to the figure of social ties in the field of applicants for international protection, concluding that if such a mechanism were incorporated into the planned reforms, this would give them the possibility to renounce their immigration status and opt for an administrative residence and work authorization, causing a huge impact on the entire system.

Resumen El artículo analiza la aplicación de un mecanismo de regularización de inmigrantes, propio de la ley española y directamente vinculado con las medidas de integración como posible solución legal para los miles de solicitantes de protección internacional cuya petición ha sido desestimada o continúa sin resolverse en alguno de los Estados miembros de la U. E. La revisión de los reglamentos y las directivas de la reforma del Sistema Europeo Común de Asilo se centra en la extensión de las medidas de integración a estas personas. El artículo proporciona un nuevo enfoque a la figura del arraigo social en el ámbito de los solicitantes de protección internacional, concluyendo que si dicho mecanismo se incorporará en las reformas previstas, ello brindaría a este colectivo la posibilidad de renunciar a su estatus migratorio y optar por una autorización administrativa de residencia y trabajo, causando un enorme impacto en todo el sistema.

Abstract The investigation offered by these pages focuses on the correspondence produced by applicants for a contract as braceros to influence hiring. The qualitative analysis sheds light on the complex political and social controls of citizenship, but also on the opportunities linked to being a citizen in migration. On an alternative level to that of definitions, norms, and regulations, the way in which individuals appropriated the concept and the rights that accompany this category is of enormous interest for understanding the political order that prevailed during the Bracero Program. Hence, this work inclined towards the description, analysis, and understanding of narratives that interweave the notion of citizenship and patriotism by individuals in migration. The correspondence shows the dialogue of the applicants with the formal structures that were designed for the operation of the program, their negotiation with spaces of power that went beyond the binational agenda, the formation of a political culture that adopted the parameters of the nineteenth-century petition and the client relationship -already observed in the 19th century- was institutionalized for the popular classes by the politics of post-revolutionary modernity.

Resumen La indagación que ofrecen estas páginas repara en la correspondencia que produjeron los aspirantes a un contrato como braceros para incidir en las contrataciones. El análisis cualitativo arroja luz sobre los complejos controles políticos y sociales de la ciudadanía, pero también sobre las oportunidades enlazadas con el ser ciudadano en migración. En un plano alterno al de las definiciones, la normatividad y las regulaciones, la forma como los individuos se apropiaron del concepto y los derechos que acompañan esta categoría es de enorme interés para la comprensión del orden político que prevaleció durante el Programa Bracero. De aquí que este trabajo se incline por la descripción, análisis y compresión de narraciones que entretejen la noción de ciudadanía y patriotismo por parte de individuos en migración. La correspondencia muestra el diálogo de los aspirantes con las estructuras formales que se diseñaron para la operación del programa, su negociación con espacios de poder que fueron más allá de la agenda binacional, la formación de una cultura política que adoptó los parámetros de la petición decimonónica y la relación clientelar que -ya observada en el siglo XIX- se institucionalizó para las clases populares por la política de la modernidad posrevolucionaria.