Abstract Paleogeographic reconstructions and tectonic models are complemented by paleomagnetism, since vertical axis rotations are calculated using magnetic declination, and paleolatitudes are derived from magnetic inclination. In siliciclastic rocks, the flattening process may cause inclination shallowing and, therefore, an underestimation of paleolatitudes. Different techniques have been proposed to calculate the flattening factor, however, some require massive databases and demanding or specialized laboratory processes. A less-used method that combines the Anisotropy of Magnetic Susceptibility and Paleomagnetism allows us to calculate the flattening factor. Results of Anisotropy of Magnetic Susceptibility in samples of the Girón Group and the results of inclination shallowing are reported for a total of 103 sites in rocks from the Triassic to the Cenozoic distributed in the Eastern Cordillera, Santander Massif and Catatumbo. Four filters were applied to the data set and four curve fit models were run, the mean flattening value calculated is 1.04 ± 0.6, suggesting that the magnetic inclination has not been affected by inclination shallowing, therefore, the paleolatitude values do not vary significantly. However, such a high error is due to a mixture of two groups of data, one with shallow inclinations and latitudes close to its current position and another group with greater inclinations and latitudes in the southern hemisphere. Based on this premise, we applied a new filter of very high and shallow inclinations, leaving the intermediate ones, to obtain a flattening factor of 0.93 ± 0.22. The correction method using the new filter in the Eastern Cordillera data set is effective in correcting medium to high inclinations in Lower Jurassic rocks.

Resumen Las reconstrucciones paleogeográficas y los modelos tectónicos se complementan con el paleomagnetismo, ya que las rotaciones son calculadas con base en la declinación magnética y las paleolatitudes se derivan de la inclinación magnética. Los procesos de enterramiento y compactación en rocas siliciclásticas pueden causar aplanamiento de la inclinación y por tanto una subestimación de la paleolatitud. Aunque diferentes técnicas se han propuesto para calcular el factor del aplanamiento, estas requieren conjuntos de datos significativamente altos y procesos de laboratorio tediosos o sofisticados. Este trabajo propone calcular el factor de aplanamiento de la inclinación magnética mediante la combinación de técnicas rutinarias como la Anisotropía de la Susceptibilidad Magnética (ASM) y el paleomagnetismo. Se reportan resultados de ASM en 63 muestras del Grupo Girón, como complemento para el cálculo de la corrección de la inclinación magnética para un total de 103 sitios en rocas del Triásico al Cenozoico distribuidos en la Cordillera Oriental, Macizo de Santander y Catatumbo. Se aplicaron 4 filtros a los datos disponibles y se elaboraron 4 modelos curve fit. El valor medio del factor de aplanamiento calculado muestra un factor de 1,04 ± 0,6, sugiriendo que la inclinación magnética no ha sido afectada por aplanamiento y los valores de las paleolatitudes no varían significativamente. Un error tan alto se debe a que hay una mezcla de 2 grupos de datos, uno con inclinaciones someras y latitudes cercanas a su posición actual y otro con inclinaciones mayores y latitudes en el hemisferio sur. Por esto, se aplicó un filtro de inclinaciones muy altas y bajas, dejando las intermedias, obteniendo un nuevo factor de aplanamiento de 0,93 ± 0,22. El método de corrección usando el filtro de inclinaciones muy altas y bajas en datos de la Cordillera Oriental es efectivo para corregir inclinaciones intermedias-altas en rocas del Jurásico Inferior.

Abstract The microhardness of individual morphological structures of the hard coat of the seed of Gleditsia triacanthos L. was measured. Measurements were made on the transverse and frontal planes. Based on the differences in the hardness of the two planes, the anisotropy of the seed coat was revealed. The entire seed coat has a special hardness which can be compared with the hardness of hardwood like oat wood. An interesting feature was the hardness of the endosperm, comparable to the hardness of the epidermis. Further study of the processes that occur in seeds during imbibition is based on the obtained data. Mathematical modeling methods are the most promising for these tasks; they will help to identify the points of fragility and the points of the greatest tension in the seed coat. These results will allow us to find the best ways to destroy the seed coat and to accelerate the germination. Research of physical properties of the seed coat is of practical importance in the fact that in the future it will allow reducing of the hard-seeding and increasing the germination of seeds. The obtained data allows us to represent the initial hardness of the seed coat. L measured planes revealed wood endosperm epidermis tasks hardseeding seeding

Resumo A microdureza de estruturas morfológicas individuais da casca dura da semente de Gleditsia triacanthos L. foi medida. As medições foram feitas nos planos transversal e frontal. Com base nas diferenças na dureza dos dois planos, a anisotropia do tegumento da semente foi revelada. Toda a casca da semente tem uma dureza especial que pode ser comparada à dureza de madeira dura, como a madeira de aveia. Uma característica interessante foi a dureza do endosperma, comparável à dureza da epiderme. Estudos posteriores dos processos que ocorrem nas sementes durante a embebição são baseados nos dados obtidos. Os métodos de modelagem matemática são os mais promissores para essas tarefas; eles ajudarão a identificar os pontos de fragilidade e os pontos de maior tensão na casca da semente. Esses resultados nos permitirão encontrar as melhores maneiras de destruir a casca da semente e acelerar a germinação. A pesquisa das propriedades físicas da casca da semente tem importância prática, pois no futuro permitirá reduzir a dureza das sementes e aumentar a taxa de germinação. Os dados obtidos permitem representar a dureza inicial da casca da semente. L medida frontal revelada aveia endosperma epiderme tarefas germinação prática

The integration of Inconel 718 (IN718) and Cold Metal Transfer (CMT) based wire + arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) for wall fabrication with a near-net shape and low buy-to-fly ratio presents a novel and promising approach with potential applications in various industrial sectors, including aerospace and automotive industries. This research aims to investigate the microstructure and mechanical anisotropy of thin-walled IN718 components that were produced using CMT based WAAM, and to compare the properties of as-deposited and heat-treated samples that underwent aerospace (AMS5663) procedures. To characterize the microstructure of the specimens, we employed optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and an element probe microanalyzer (EPMA). Tensile and hardness tests were conducted to evaluate the mechanical properties of the specimens. Our results revealed that the as-deposited samples exhibited a dendritic microstructure with a high degree of segregation, leading to lower mechanical strength than that of the heat-treated specimens. Precipitated heat treatment promoted the precipitation of strengthening phases, such as gamma prime and carbides, improving the mechanical properties. In contrast, the precipitated heat-treated specimens exhibited a more refined microstructure with equiaxed grains and a significantly enhanced mechanical strength. This study provides critical insights into optimizing the material for different applications, leading to the development of more efficient and effective parts. 71 IN (IN718 (CMT WAAM (WAAM nearnet near net buytofly buy fly sectors industries thinwalled thin walled IN71 asdeposited deposited heattreated treated AMS5663 AMS (AMS5663 procedures SEM (SEM EDS (EDS EPMA. EPMA . (EPMA) segregation phases carbides contrast parts 7 (IN71 IN7 AMS566 (AMS566 (EPMA (IN7 AMS56 (AMS56 (IN AMS5 (AMS5 (AMS

Abstract In this work, the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of 6201 aluminum alloy during multi-directional forging (MDF) and solution-aging were systematically studied. In the MDF process, the deformation of 6201 aluminum alloy was not uniform, and the increase of forging passes can effectively improve the inhomogeneity. With the increase of forging passes, the alloy changed from dynamic recovery to dynamic recrystallization, the grains in the center were refined obviously, and the anisotropy of microstructure was eliminated. After 9 passes of MDF followed by the solution-aging, the re-dissolution and re-precipitation behavior of the second phases significantly improved the mechanical properties of the alloy. The tensile strength, yield strength, elongation and conductivity of the alloy were 257 MPa, 139 MPa, 16.1%, 51.6% IACS, respectively, 55.8%, 73.8%, 3.4% and 10.5% higher than that of the as-cast alloy. At the same time, the average grain size of the alloy was decreased to 133 μm, 50.9% lower than that of the initial one. work 620 multidirectional multi directional (MDF solutionaging solution aging studied process uniform inhomogeneity recrystallization obviously eliminated solutionaging, aging, redissolution re dissolution reprecipitation precipitation strength 25 MPa 13 161 16 1 16.1% 516 51 6 51.6 IACS respectively 558 55 8 55.8% 738 73 73.8% 34 3 4 3.4 105 10 5 10.5 ascast as cast time μm 509 50 50.9 one 62 2 16.1 51. 55.8 7 73.8 3. 10. 50. 16. 55. 73.

ABSTRACT In the automotive sector, aluminum alloys have stood out for their attractive combination of strength-to-weight ratio, among other characteristics. The 5XXX series alloys mechanical properties are related to their composition and the manufacturing process used, gaining most of their mechanical strength through cold deformation processes. One of the requirements to optimize mechanical forming operations is the microstructure and texture control. In this study, AA 5052 and AA 5050C alloys, produced by Direct Chill (DC) casting and Twin Roll Caster (TRC), respectively, underwent mechanical characterization through tensile testing (with specimens extracted at 0, 45, and 90° from the rolling direction); and microstructural and texture characterization across the thickness of the sheets. Alumina (Al2O3) inclusions and intermetallic precipitates of Al3Fe were detected along the metallic matrix of both alloys, exhibiting components of copper (112)[ 1 11 ¯], brass {110}<112>, cube (001)[ 0 10 ¯], and Goss {110}<001> throughout the thickness. AA 5052 alloy showed higher planar and normal anisotropy values than AA 5050C alloy, as well as mechanical properties measured in uniaxial tension. sector strengthtoweight weight ratio characteristics XXX used processes control study 505 C DC (DC TRC, TRC , (TRC) respectively with 45 90 direction direction) sheets Al2O3 AlO Al O (Al2O3 AlFe Fe 112 (112) ¯, ¯ ¯] 110<112>, 110112 110 <112>, {110}<112> 001 (001) 110<001> 110001 <001> {110}<001 tension 50 (TRC 4 9 Al2O (Al2O (112 110<112> 11011 <112> {110}<112 00 (001 110<001 11000 <001 {110}<00 5 (11 110<112 1101 <112 {110}<11 (00 110<00 1100 <00 {110}<0 (1 110<11 <11 {110}<1 (0 110<0 <0 {110}< ( 110<1 <1 110< < {110} {110 {11 {1 {

RESUMO No setor automotivo as ligas de alumínio têm se destacado por sua atraente combinação entre resistência/peso, entre outras características. As ligas da série 5XXX tem seu ganho de resistência mecânica através de processos de deformação a frio, e as propriedades mecânicas das ligas de alumínio estão diretamente relacionadas à sua composição e ao processo de fabricação utilizado em sua manufatura. Um dos requisitos para otimizar as operações de conformação mecânica é o controle da microestrutura e textura. Neste trabalho, as ligas AA 5052 e AA 5050C, produzidas por Fundição Direta (Direct Chill – DC), e Fundição Contínua de Chapas (Twin Roll Caster – TRC), respectivamente, passaram por caracterização mecânica via ensaio de tração (com corpos de provas extraídos a 0, 45 e 90° da direção de laminação) e caracterização estrutural e textura ao longo da espessura de chapas. Foram detectadas inclusões de alumina (Al2O3) e precipitados intermetálicos de Al3Fe juntos à matriz metálica e ambas as ligas apresentam as componentes cobre (112)[ 1 11 ¯], latão (“Brass”) {110}<112>, cubo (001)[ 0 10 ¯] e Goss {110}<001>, ao longo da espessura. A liga AA 5052 apresentou valores de coeficiente de anisotropia planar e normal superiores aos da liga AA 5050C, como também as propriedades mecânicas medidas em tração uniaxial. resistênciapeso peso resistência/peso características XXX frio manufatura trabalho 505 5050C C Direct DC, DC , DC) Twin TRC, TRC TRC) respectivamente com 4 90 laminação chapas Al2O3 AlO Al O (Al2O3 AlFe Fe 112 (112) ¯, ¯ Brass (“Brass” 110<112>, 110112 110 <112>, {110}<112> 001 (001) 110<001>, 110001 <001>, {110}<001> uniaxial 50 9 Al2O (Al2O (112 (“Brass 110<112> 11011 <112> {110}<112 00 (001 110<001> 11000 <001> {110}<001 5 (11 110<112 1101 <112 {110}<11 (00 110<001 1100 <001 {110}<00 (1 110<11 <11 {110}<1 (0 110<00 <00 {110}<0 ( 110<1 <1 {110}< 110<0 <0 110< < {110} {110 {11 {1 {

Abstract Integrated field and laboratory characterisation of geomaterial behaviour is critical to foundation analysis and design for a wide range of offshore and onshore infrastructure. Challenges include the need for high-quality sampling, addressing natural and induced micro-to-macro structures, and applying soil and stress states that represent both in-situ and in-service conditions. This paper draws on the Authors’ recent research with stiff glacial till, dense marine sand and low-to-medium density chalk, and focuses particularly on these geomaterials’ mechanical behaviour, from small strains to failure, their anisotropy and response to cyclic loading. It considers a range of in-situ techniques as well as highly instrumented monotonic and cyclic stress-path triaxial experiments and hollow cylinder apparatus tests. The outcomes are shown to have important implications for the analysis of large driven piles under monotonic-and-cyclic, axial-and-lateral loading, and the development of practical design methods. Also highlighted are the needs for approaches that integrate field observations, advanced sampling and laboratory testing, numerical and theoretical modelling. infrastructure highquality high quality microtomacro micro macro structures insitu in situ inservice service conditions Authors till lowtomedium low medium chalk geomaterials failure loading stresspath path tests monotonicandcyclic, monotonicandcyclic cyclic, monotonic-and-cyclic axialandlateral axial lateral methods observations testing modelling

Resumen: La mielopatía cervical espondilótica (CSM, por sus siglas en inglés) es una enfermedad común con una mayor carga anticipada para los sistemas de salud en todo el mundo. Se necesitan métodos para predecir los resultados en estos pacientes para que los médicos puedan brindar una atención más eficaz. El análisis de anisotropía fraccional (FA) es una técnica prometedora que se utiliza para cuantificar cuán preservada está la difusión en las vías neurales. Se realizó una revisión sistemática y un metanálisis utilizando las pautas PRISMA. Se buscaron artículos completos disponibles en línea para encontrar coeficientes de correlación entre los valores de FA y las puntuaciones de mJOA. Se recopilaron los valores promedio de FA, mJOA preoperatorios y mJOA postoperatorios para realizar un análisis de correlación. Un total de 5 artículos presentaron correlaciones entre el cambio de FA y mJOA y se incluyeron en el metanálisis de correlación. Los coeficientes de correlación variaron entre -0,42 y 0,55. El número de pacientes en cada estudio varió de 15 a 95. El modelo de efectos aleatorios resultó en un coeficiente de correlación no significativo de 0,1315 (IC 95%: -0,2575 a 0,4839; p= 0,5124). El análisis de correlación de Spearman fue significativo para la mJOA preoperatoria frente a la posoperatoria (r = 0,79, p = 0,02), mientras que la FA preoperatoria no presentó una correlación significativa con la mJOA preoperatoria o posoperatoria. Los datos disponibles en la literatura en este momento son insuficientes para determinar una correlación real entre las puntuaciones de FA y mJOA. Son necesarios más estudios para una mejor comprensión de este asunto. Nivel de Evidencia III; Revisión de Estudios. Resumen CSM, CSM (CSM inglés mundo eficaz (FA neurales PRISMA 0,42 042 0 42 -0,4 055 55 0,55 1 95 01315 1315 0,131 IC 95% 0,2575 02575 2575 -0,257 0,4839 04839 4839 0,5124. 05124 0,5124 . 5124 0,5124) r 079 79 0,79 0,02, 002 0,02 , 02 0,02) asunto III Estudios 0,4 04 4 -0, 05 0,5 9 0131 131 0,13 0,257 0257 257 -0,25 0,483 0483 483 0512 0,512 512 07 7 0,7 00 0,0 0, -0 013 13 0,1 0,25 025 25 -0,2 0,48 048 48 051 0,51 51 - 01 0,2 2

ABSTRACT Cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is a common disease with an increased anticipated burden to health systems worldwide. Methods to predict outcomes in these patients are needed so physicians can provide more effective care. Fractional anisotropy (FA) analysis is a promising technique used to quantify how preserved the diffusion is in neural pathways. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed using the PRISMA guidelines. Full articles available online were searched for correlation coefficients between FA values and mJOA scores. Average FA values, preoperative mJOA, and postoperative mJOA scores were gathered to perform a correlation analysis. A total of 5 articles presented correlations between FA and mJOA change and were included in the correlation meta-analysis. Correlation coefficients varied from -0.42 and 0.55. The number of patients in each study varied from 15 to 95. The Random effects model resulted in a non-significant correlation coefficient of 0.1315 (95% CI: -0.2575 to 0.4839; p= 0.5124). Spearman's correlation analysis was significant for preoperative vs postoperative mJOA (r = 0.79, p = 0.02), while preoperative FA did not correlate significantly with preoperative or postoperative mJOA. At this point, the data available in the literature is insufficient to determine a real correlation between FA and mJOA scores. More studies are necessary for a better understanding of this matter. Level of Evidence III; Study Review. CSM (CSM worldwide care (FA pathways metaanalysis meta guidelines metaanalysis. 0.42 042 0 42 -0.4 055 55 0.55 1 95 nonsignificant non 01315 1315 0.131 95% (95 CI 0.2575 02575 2575 -0.257 0.4839 04839 4839 0.5124. 05124 0.5124 . 5124 0.5124) Spearmans Spearman s r 079 79 0.79 0.02, 002 0.02 , 02 0.02) point matter III Review 0.4 04 4 -0. 05 0.5 9 0131 131 0.13 (9 0.257 0257 257 -0.25 0.483 0483 483 0512 0.512 512 07 7 0.7 00 0.0 0. -0 013 13 0.1 ( 0.25 025 25 -0.2 0.48 048 48 051 0.51 51 - 01 0.2 2

Resumo: A mielopatia espondilótica cervical (CSM, pelas suas siglas em inglês) é uma doença comum com elevados gastos para os sistemas de saúde em todo o mundo. Métodos para prever resultados nesses pacientes são necessários para que a atenção médica seja mais eficaz. A análise de anisotropia fracionada (FA) é uma técnica promissora usada para quantificar a preservação da difusão nas vias neurais. Uma revisão sistemática e meta-análise foi realizada usando as diretrizes PRISMA. Artigos completos disponíveis online foram avaliados em busca de coeficientes de correlação entre valores de FA e escores de mJOA. Valores médios de FA, escores de mJOA pré-operatórios e pós-operatórios foram coletados para realizar uma análise de correlação. Um total de 5 artigos apresentaram correlações entre alteração de FA e mJOA e foram incluídos na meta-análise de correlação. Os coeficientes de correlação variaram entre -0,42 e 0,55. O número de pacientes em cada estudo variou de 15 a 95. O modelo de efeitos aleatórios resultou em um coeficiente de correlação não significativo de 0,1315 (95% CI: -0,2575 a 0,4839; p= 0,5124). A análise de correlação de Spearman foi significativa para mJOA pré-operatório vs. pós-operatório (r = 0,79, p = 0,02), enquanto a FA pré-operatório não apresentou correlação significativa com o mJOA pré-operatório ou pós-operatório. Os dados disponíveis na literatura neste momento são insuficientes para determinar uma correlação real entre os escores FA e mJOA. Mais estudos são necessários para uma melhor compreensão deste assunto. Nível de Evidência III; Revisão de Estudos. Resumo CSM, CSM (CSM inglês mundo eficaz (FA neurais metaanálise meta PRISMA préoperatórios pré operatórios pósoperatórios pós 0,42 042 0 42 -0,4 055 55 0,55 1 95 01315 1315 0,131 95% (95 CI 0,2575 02575 2575 -0,257 0,4839 04839 4839 0,5124. 05124 0,5124 . 5124 0,5124) préoperatório operatório vs pósoperatório r 079 79 0,79 0,02, 002 0,02 , 02 0,02) pósoperatório. operatório. assunto III Estudos 0,4 04 4 -0, 05 0,5 9 0131 131 0,13 (9 0,257 0257 257 -0,25 0,483 0483 483 0512 0,512 512 07 7 0,7 00 0,0 0, -0 013 13 0,1 ( 0,25 025 25 -0,2 0,48 048 48 051 0,51 51 - 01 0,2 2

As nanopartículas (NPs) à base de óxido de ferro, como magnetita e maguemita, têm grande destaque em diversas áreas da ciência, inclusive na medicina. Há décadas, elas são usadas na reposição de ferro para pacientes com anemia, como agentes de contraste em ressonância magnética (MRI – “Magnetic Resonance Imaging”), na entrega de agentes terapêuticos mediada ou não por gradiente de campo magnético, em terapias térmicas foto e magnetoestimuladas, entre outras. Neste artigo, apresentamos suas propriedades magnéticas. Discutimos de forma breve seu ordenamento ferrimagnético, a importância da anisotropia magnética e sua relação com a histerese magnética (modelo de Stoner-Wohlfarth) e o regime superparamagnético. As diferenças entre superparamagnetismo e paramagnetismo são enfatizadas, além da importância da estabilidade coloidal dessas nanoestruturas para aplicações biomédicas. Finalmente, diversas aplicações biomédicas são discutidas, entre elas hipertermia magnética, terapia fototérmica, imunoterapia e uma nova técnica de imagem com potencial clínico, conhecida como “Magnetic Particle Imaging” (MPI). NPs (NPs maguemita ciência medicina décadas anemia MRI Magnetic Imaging, Imaging , Imaging”) magnético magnetoestimuladas outras artigo magnéticas ferrimagnético modelo StonerWohlfarth Stoner Wohlfarth Stoner-Wohlfarth superparamagnético enfatizadas Finalmente discutidas fototérmica clínico MPI. MPI . (MPI) (MPI

Iron oxide-based nanoparticles (NPs), such as magnetite and maghemite, are highly prominent in various scientific fields, including medicine. For decades, they have been used for iron supplementation in patients with anemia, as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in the delivery of therapeutic agents mediated or not by magnetic field gradients, and in photo- and magneto-stimulated thermal therapies, among other applications. In this article, we present their magnetic properties. We briefly discuss their ferrimagnetic ordering, the importance of magnetic anisotropy and its relation to magnetic hysteresis (Stoner-Wohlfarth model), and the superparamagnetic regime. The differences between superparamagnetism and paramagnetism are emphasized, as well as the importance of the colloidal stability of these nanostructures for biomedical applications. Finally, various biomedical applications are discussed, including magnetic hyperthermia, photothermal therapy, immunotherapy, and a new imaging technique with clinical potential known as Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI). oxidebased oxide based NPs, NPs , (NPs) maghemite fields medicine decades anemia MRI, MRI (MRI) gradients photo magnetostimulated magneto stimulated therapies article properties ordering StonerWohlfarth Stoner Wohlfarth model, model model) regime emphasized Finally discussed hyperthermia therapy immunotherapy MPI. MPI . (MPI) (NPs (MRI (MPI

ABSTRACT For decades, conventional histomorphometry has been the gold standard for analyzing trabecular bone microarchitecture. In recent years, micro-computed tomography (μCT) devices have been validated and are now considered the gold standard for quantifying bone microstructure Aim The aim of this preliminary report is to evaluate the usefulness of CBCT to assess trabecular mandible microstructural properties in normal ewes and to compare the quantitative changes associated with ovariectomy and antiresorptive treatment Material and Method Twelve adult Corriedale ewes (n=4/group) aged 3-4 years were divided into 3 groups and studied for 28 months. Eight ewes were ovariectomized (OVX) and divided into OVX and OVX+ZOL groups (n=4/group) which were treated as follows, by jugular injection: OVX received saline solution and OVX+ZOL received zoledronate (Zol) (Gador SA, CABA, Argentina) (4 mg/month). Another four ewes were subjected to sham surgery (SHAM group) and received saline solution Results Densitometry showed that jaw mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD) were significantly lower in OVX than in SHAM and OVX+ZOL ewes; no difference was observed between OVX+ ZOL and SHAM groups. CBCT analysis showed that bone volume (BV/TV%); trabecular thickness (TbTh); connectivity density (CD) and anisotropy degree (AD) were significantly lower, and trabecular spacing (TbSp), significantly higher in OVX than in SHAM ewes. AD was significantly higher and TbSp significantly lower in OVX+ZOL than in OVX groups. BV/TV%, TbTh and CD showed a clear tendency to being higher in OVX+ZOL than in OVX groups. No statistical difference was observed between OVX+ZOL and SHAM ewes. CBCT in a nondestructive, fast, very precise procedure for measuring bone morphometric indices without biopsies, which are not indicated for morphometric evaluation in osteoporosis Conclusions The current study demonstrated the potential of the high-resolution CBCT imaging to assess in vivo quantitative bone morphometry and bone quality of lower jaw cancellous bone under normal conditions and to differentiate changes associated with excessive bone loss induced by estrogen withdrawal and antiresorptive intervention.

RESUMEN Objetivo El presente informe preliminar evaluó la utilidad de Tomografía Computada de Haz Cónico (CBCT) para analizar las propiedades microestructurales trabeculares del maxilar inferior de ovejas y comparar los cambios cuantitativos asociados con la ovariectomía y tratamiento antirresortivo. Se estudiaron dieciséis ovejas Corriedale adultas de 3-4 años Materiales y Método Doce ovejas fueron ovariectomizadas (OVX) y divididas en 2 grupos: OVX y OVX+ZOL (n=4/grupo) cuyo tratamiento por inyección endovenosa en la yugular durante 28 meses fue el siguiente: OVX con solución salina y OVX+ZOL con zoledronato (Gador S.A. CABA. Argentina) (Zol) (4 mg/mes); 4 ovejas fueron sometidas a cirugía simulada (grupo SHAM) Resultados La densitometría (Lunar DPX) mostró que el contenido mineral del hueso maxilar (CMO) y la densidad (DMO) fueron significativamente más bajos en OVX que en SHAM y OVX+ZOL; no se observaron diferencias entre los grupos OVX+ZOL y SHAM. El análisis de las imágenes por CBCT (Planmeca Promax 3D Classic) mostró que el volumen óseo (BV/TV%); el espesor trabecular (TbTh); la densidad de conectividad (CD) y el grado de anisotropía (AD) fueron significativamente menores (p<0.05), y el espaciado trabecular (TbSp), significativamente mayor en OVX que en SHAM (p<0.05). AD fue significativamente mayor (p<0.05) y TbSp, significativamente menor en OVX+ZOL que en OVX (p<0.05). BV/TV%, TbTh y CD mostró una clara tendencia a ser mayor en OVX+ZOL que en OVX. No se observaron diferencias estadísticas entre OVX+ZOL y SHAM Conclusiones En base a nuestros resultados consideramos que CBCT presenta suficiente confiabilidad y validez para evaluar in vivo la morfometría cuantitativa y la calidad del hueso esponjoso del maxilar inferior en condiciones normales, así como para diferenciar los cambios en dichos parámetros asociados a la pérdida ósea excesiva por la caída estrogénica e intervención antirresortiva. Aunque se necesitan estudios futuros, nuestros resultados agregarían una herramienta no invasiva adicional para diferenciar la microestructura del hueso trabecular mandibular en estudios preclínicos , sentando las bases para su futura aplicación en la práctica clínica.

ABSTRACT The study aimed to characterize the spatial structure of variability of biophysical indexes of vegetation through images obtained by Unmanned Aerial Vehicles under strong heterogeneity and anisotropy, using geostatistical procedures. Plots with different types and densities of culture were evaluated in a didactic vegetable garden. Five vegetation indexes obtained from aerial multispectral camera images were evaluated parallel with geostatistical analysis and anisotropy investigation for multiscale spatial modeling. For the studied domain, geometric anisotropy was identified for the biometric indexes. The spherical model presented a better fit when anisotropy was not considered, whereas the exponential model had the best performance in the anisotropic analysis. Contrasting targets were better identified in multispectral images and considering anisotropy. The Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index is recommended for similar applications. procedures garden modeling domain considered SoilAdjusted Soil Adjusted applications

RESUMO O estudo objetivou caracterizar a estrutura espacial de variabilidade dos índices biofísicos de vegetação através de imagens obtidas por Veículos Aéreos Não Tripulados, sob forte heterogeneidade e anisotropia, usando procedimentos geoestatísticos. Avaliou-se parcelas com diferentes tipos e densidades de cultura em horta didática. Avaliaram-se cinco índices de vegetação obtidos de imagens aéreas de câmera multiespectral, em paralelo com análises geoestatísticas e investigação de anisotropia para modelagem espacial em multiescala. Para o domínio estudado, foi identificada anisotropia geométrica para os índices biométricos. O modelo esférico apresentou melhor ajuste, quando não se considerou anisotropia, enquanto o modelo exponencial foi o de melhor desempenho na análise anisotrópica. Alvos contrastantes foram melhor identificados nas imagens multiespectrais, e considerando a anisotropia. O Indice de Vegetação Ajustado ao Solo é recomendado para aplicações similares. Tripulados geoestatísticos Avaliouse Avaliou didática Avaliaramse Avaliaram multiespectral multiescala estudado biométricos ajuste anisotrópica multiespectrais similares

ABSTRACT Due to its excellent resistance to traction and compression, wood is regularly used in furniture, window frames and in structures and sealing of homes and buildings. Due to the anisotropy and complexity of the material, its properties vary depending on its intrinsic anatomical characteristics and external factors, such as species, moisture content, acting requests, among others. The Brazilian standard provides linear models for estimating and correcting all strength and stiffness properties as a function of the moisture content of the wood. However, due to its characteristics, there may not be a linear variation of the physical and mechanical properties in relation to the moisture content. Thus, this research aims to evaluate and analyze the influence of moisture content on 15 properties of Calophyllum sp. The reliability of the Brazilian standard equation for correcting strength and stiffness values as a function of humidity (U% to 12%) was evaluated, in addition to analyzing, through ANOVA, whether there is a change in the properties when they are at the saturation point of the fiber and 12% moisture. Of the 15 properties analyzed, 4 did not change, contrary to the linear models set out in the Brazilian standard. In addition, it was possible to note that the Brazilian standard can estimate with an error of up to 76% when correcting the humidity to 12%. compression furniture buildings material factors species requests others However Thus 1 sp U% U (U 12 evaluated analyzing ANOVA analyzed 76 7

RESUMO A madeira por possuir excelente resistência à tração e compressão é comumente utilizada em móveis, esquadrias e em estruturas e vedação de residências e edifícios. Devido à anisotropia e complexidade do material, suas propriedades variam em função de suas características anatômicas intrínsecas e de fatores externos, como a espécie, teor de umidade, solicitações atuantes, dentre outros. A norma brasileira traz modelos lineares para a estimativa e correção de todas as propriedades de resistência e de rigidez em função do teor de umidade da madeira. Porém, devido às suas características, pode não haver variação linear das propriedades físicas e mecânicas em relação ao teor de umidade. Assim, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo avaliar e analisar a influência do teor de umidade em 15 propriedades da madeira Calophyllum sp. Foi avaliada a confiabilidade da equação da norma brasileira para corrigir os valores de resistência e rigidez em função da umidade (U% para 12%), além de analisar, por meio de ANOVA, se há alteração nas propriedades quando estão no ponto de saturação da fibra e 12% de umidade. Das 15 propriedades analisadas, 4 não sofreram alteração, contrariando os modelos lineares dispostos na norma brasileira. Além disso, foi possível notar que a norma brasileira pode estimar com erro de até 76% ao corrigir a umidade para 12%. móveis edifícios material externos espécie atuantes outros Porém Assim 1 sp U% U (U 12%, 12 , 12%) ANOVA analisadas disso 76 7

Abstract: Introduction: optic neuritis is a neuroimmunological disease, characterized by an acute inflammatory lesion of the optic nerve. The tractography study allows demyelination data to be obtained long before the appearance of lesions in the white matter, allowing early diagnosis and management. Objective: describe the characteristics of the optic pathways in children with neuritis through diffusion tensor and tractography. Material and methods: observation of magnetic resonance imaging plus tractography of patients with optic neuritis. Results: we reviewed the functional magnetic resonance imaging studies with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of three patients diagnosed with optic neuritis; the results obtained were compared with a control case (healthy patient), where we received as a result that both the value of fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were lower in our cases concerning the control, which reflects the presence of demyelination and axonal damage typical of the underlying pathology, in addition to a diffusibility disorder, a finding that is observed in the fact of damage to the epineurium, in severe cases. Conclusions: the results in FA and ADC of the optic nerve could be predictors of the course of the disease; however, to establish this fact, a cohort of patients with the disease is necessary; therefore, this study, as a pilot, opens this perspective.

Resumen: Introducción: la neuritis óptica es una enfermedad neuroinmunológica, caracterizada por una lesión inflamatoria aguda del nervio óptico. El estudio de tractografía permite obtener datos de desmielinización mucho antes de la aparición de lesiones en sustancia blanca, permitiéndonos un diagnóstico y manejo precoz. Objetivo: describir las características de las vías ópticas en niños con neuritis mediante tensor de difusión y tractografía. Material y métodos: observación de resonancia magnética nuclear más tractografía de pacientes con neuritis óptica. Resultados: revisamos los estudios de resonancia magnética funcional con tractografía de tensor de difusión (DTI, por sus siglas en inglés) de tres pacientes diagnosticados con neuritis óptica, los resultados obtenidos se compararon con un caso control (paciente sano), donde obtuvimos como resultado que tanto el valor de anisotropía fraccionada (FA, por sus siglas en inglés) como el de coeficiente de difusión aparente (ADC, por sus siglas en inglés) fueron menores en nuestros casos en relación con el control, lo que refleja la presencia de desmielinización y daño axonal propio de la patología de base, además de un trastorno de la difusibilidad, hallazgo que se observa en presencia de daño en el epineuro en casos severos. Conclusiones: los hallazgos en FA y ADC del nervio óptico podrían ser predictores del curso de la enfermedad; sin embargo, para establecer este hecho es necesaria una cohorte de pacientes con la enfermedad; por lo tanto, este estudio piloto abre la perspectiva.

RESUMEN Los pozos cuánticos representan la base de una gran variedad de dispositivos electrónicos, entre ellos los ledes, láseres, fotodetectores y moduladores. Las propiedades optoelectrónicas de estos sistemas dependen de su composición química y del espesor de las capas crecidas. Por dicha razón, es necesario tener un control preciso durante su crecimiento. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo inducir el crecimiento epitaxial de pozos cuánticos intrínsecos (sin ningún dopaje) asimétricos acoplados y desacoplados de AlGaAs/ GaAs/AlGaAs, así como, establecer su caracterización mediante técnicas de espectroscopía óptica, como lo son la reflectancia diferencial, también conocida como espectroscopía de reflectancia anisotrópica (RAS) y la fotoluminiscencia (PL). Se realizó un estudio experimental de las interacciones entre niveles de energía en los pozos cuánticos asimétricos acoplados. Este tipo de estructuras son especialmente interesantes por permitir la formación y observación, no solo de excitones directos, dentro del mismo pozo, sino también, de excitones y triones indirectos, que se forman entre electrones de un pozo y huecos de otro pozo vecino (Transiciones intra-QW). Se hicieron crecer tres pozos intrínsecos, basados en arseniuro de galio (GaAs): un pozo individual (desacoplado) y un par de pozos asimétricos acoplados, a través de epitaxia por haces moleculares (MBE). Se observó el efecto del rompimiento de simetría (de D2d a C2v) en las propiedades espintrónicas de la estructura, a través de PL y RAS, a una temperatura de ~ 30 K. Se lograron establecer las técnicas y métodos necesarios para el crecimiento de pozos cuánticos intrínsecos, que constituyen la base para la creación de dispositivos y estructuras más complejas. El uso de técnicas espectroscópicas permitió demostrar la presencia de anisotropías ópticas, que repercuten en el comportamiento del espín de los excitones en pozos cuánticos.

ABSTRACT Quantum Wells are the basis for a great variety of electronic devices such as leds, lasers, photodetectors and modulators. Their optoelectronic properties depend on their chemical composition and the thickness of each layer. Therefore, a precise control during their growth is needed. This work has the objective of presenting the epitaxial growth of coupled and uncoupled asymmetric AlGaAs/GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells and their characterization using optical techniques such as reflectance anisotropy spectroscopy (RAS) and photoluminescence (PL). An experimental study of the different interactions between the confined levels of energy in coupled quantum wells was carried on. This kind of structures is of special interest because they allow the formation and observation not only of direct excitons and trions inside a single quantum well, but of indirect excitons and trions, which are only formed by electrons of one quantum well and holes of the neighbor quantum well (IntraQW transitions). Three intrinsic quantum wells based on gallium arsenide (GaAs) were grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), one single QW and a pair of coupled asymmetric QWs. The effect of breaking symmetry (from de D2d a C2v) on the spintronic properties of the structure was observed by RAS and PL measurements at ~ 30 K. The main techniques and methods for the growth of intrinsic quantum wells were established, which are the basis for the creation of devices with more complex structures. The use of spectroscopic techniques for the study of quantum wells allowed the demonstration of the presence of optical anisotropies that influence the behavior of exciton’s spins at quantum wells.

Resumo Mudanças no estado de tensões de um meio sólido causam pequenas variações nas velocidades de propagação de ondas mecânicas. A Correlação Cruzada (CC) é uma ferramenta utilizada para avaliação de similaridade entre dois conjuntos de dados. Este artigo aborda o uso da função CC para extração de características em dados de ensaios ultrassônicos que avaliam o estado de tensões em um corpo de prova de concreto submetido a carregamentos de compressão. A função CC foi aplicada aos sinais, e uma análise dos parâmetros relevantes (e.g., Domínio-CC, janela de tempo e tempo central) avaliou as diferenças entre os vários níveis de tensão. Os resultados mostraram que as variações nos diagramas ∆V/V0 vs. tensão foram menores no regime elástico, enquanto os parâmetros analisados tiveram grande influência sobre o resultado. Ondas secundárias foram mais adequadas para análises de variação de tensão por serem menos influenciadas por tamanho da janela e tempo central.

Abstract Changes in the stress state of a solid medium cause small variations in wave propagation velocities. Cross-correlation (CC) is a tool used for similarity evaluations between two data series. This paper addresses the use of the CC function for the feature extraction of ultrasonic test data that evaluated the stress state in a concrete specimen subjected to compressive loads. The CC function was applied to waveforms, and an analysis of influential parameters (e.g., CC-Domain, time window, and center-time) assessed the differences between the various stress levels. The results showed the variations in ∆V/V0 vs. stress diagrams were lower in the elastic regime, whereas the analyzed parameters highly influenced the results. S-waves were more suitable for analyses of stress variation, since they were little influenced by time window and center-time.

Abstract Stability analyses of slopes in soft soils are usually affected by strain-softening, resulting in unrealistic (unconservative) safety factors. The loss of post peak strength cannot be accounted for by classic limit equilibrium analyses. In practice, however, the overall loss of soil strength is generally approximated by Bjerrum correction factor μ ≤ 1, which is believed to account for the different failure velocities during the field tests (usually vane tests) and the actual failure in the field, in addition to anisotropy (Schnaid & Odebrecht, 2012). The objective of this work is to demonstrate that strain-softening reduces the overall safety factor to a value nearly equivalent to the application of Bjerrum’s correction factor. To accomplish this, a simple constitutive model (Mohr-Coulomb with residual stress) is used for total stress finite element analyses by means of the concept of “equivalent sensitivity” proposed by Pereira Pinto (2017). The results showed that equivalent sensitivity can be a great instrument to simulate the strain-softening behavior of soft soils. strainsoftening, strainsoftening strain softening, softening unconservative (unconservative factors practice however 1 Schnaid Odebrecht 2012. 2012 . 2012) Bjerrums s MohrCoulomb Mohr Coulomb 2017. 2017 (2017) 201 (2017 20 (201 2 (20 (2 (