Abstract The objective of this article was to carry out an analysis of the motivations that guided secondary education teachers to choose teaching as a profession within the framework of the Professional Teaching Service. The methodological approach was qualitative; the data collection instruments were the in-depth interview. Twenty-six interviews (12 women and 14 men) were conducted with graduates of Higher Education Institutions, Normal Schools (public) and Universities (public and private). The field work was carried out from October 2019 to July 2020 in the State of Mexico. The interpretation of the information was made from the structural analysis of stories to understand the motivations of people to choose teaching as a profession. This, in the midst of changes made to educational public policies in 2013, which modified the process of admission to teaching in the public sector. The main findings were that, in people graduated from Normal Schools, intrinsic and altruistic motivations predominate. And, to a lesser extent, the improvement of learning conditions and overcoming the inequalities of their students. In university graduates, extrinsic motivations prevail due to the economic benefits of being employed in the public sector. By way of conclusion, the motivations to be a teacher is not only a matter of vocation or altruism, but of job opportunity. It is opportune to integrate critical perspectives such as the gender approach to broaden the frameworks of analysis on the motivations for choosing teaching as a profession.

Resumen El objetivo de este artículo fue realizar un análisis sobre las motivaciones que guiaron a docentes de educación secundaria para la elección de la docencia como profesión en el marco del Servicio Profesional Docente. El enfoque metodológico fue cualitativo, los instrumentos de recolección de información fue la entrevista en profundidad. Se realizaron 26 entrevistas (12 mujeres y 14 hombres) a personas egresadas de Instituciones de Educación Superior, Escuelas Normales (públicas) y Universidades (públicas y privadas). El trabajo de campo se realizó de octubre de 2019 a julio de 2020 en el Estado de México. La interpretación de la información se hizo desde el análisis estructural de relatos para comprender las motivaciones de las personas para elegir la docencia como profesión. Esto, en medio de cambios realizados a las políticas públicas educativas en 2013, que modificó el proceso de ingreso a la docencia en el sector público. Los principales hallazgos fueron que, en las personas egresadas de Escuelas Normales predominan las motivaciones intrínsecas y altruistas. Y, en menor medida el mejoramiento de las condiciones de aprendizaje y superación de las desigualdades de sus estudiantes. En las personas egresadas de universidades prevalecen las motivaciones de tipo extrínseco por los beneficios económicos que representa emplearse en el sector público. A guisa de conclusión, las motivaciones para ser docente no solo es un tema de vocación o altruismo, sino de oportunidad laboral. Es oportuno integrar perspectivas críticas como el enfoque de género para ampliar los marcos de análisis sobre las motivaciones para la elección de la docencia como profesión.

Abstract Introduction It has been estimated that the proportion of blood donors in Brazil is below 2.0 %, lower than that recommended by the World Health Organization, which is between 3 % and 5 % of the population. Objective The aim of this study was to analyze the factors that can influence blood donation. Method This is an integrative review, whose bibliographic search was carried out through the Virtual Health Library, considering scientific articles indexed in the Latin American and Caribbean Literature in the Health Sciences database. Results This process was performed in July 2022 with term “blood donors” and 901 publications were identified, without delimitation of the study period or any other aspects. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 40 articles were fully reviewed. The studies were categorized according to the main content discussed in “characteristics and perspectives of donors”, “perspective of health professionals and services” and “loyalty strategies: marketing and communication in health”. Access to coherent information about the donation process was the motivational aspect evidenced in the three categories of analysis, that is, indispensable from the perspective of users, health professionals who work in blood therapy services and for marketing and communication in health. It is through the knowledge of the procedure that uncertainties and fear are decreased and loyal donors are increased. Conclusion Altruism was the most frequent driving feeling in the consulted literature, whereas the lack of time and fear were the routine obstacles. The campaigns were identified as communication and health education actions relevant to attracting and retaining the donor, as well as applications and social networks. 20 2 0 2. Organization population review Library database 202 90 aspects criteria 4 reviewed characteristics donors, , loyalty strategies . health” analysis users increased literature obstacles donor networks 9

Resumo A hanseníase é uma doença infectocontagiosa que carrega forte estigma social. As décadas de internação compulsória em colônias resultaram no surgimento de comunidades em seus entornos que são importantes do ponto de vista epidemiológico e histórico pela alta prevalência da doença e pelas pessoas que viveram as consequências do isolamento e do estigma. Neste artigo é apresentado um estudo de análise do banco de dados, resultado de atividade de educação em saúde e prevenção da hanseníase, realizada em escolas de uma região de ex-colônia em Minas Gerais. O objetivo foi avaliar o conhecimento e os sentimentos sobre a hanseníase entre os estudantes. Para análise, utilizou-se estatística descritiva. Foram analisados 325 questionários respondidos por estudantes com idade entre 10 e 19 anos. Os resultados evidenciaram desconhecimento em relação à doença. O menor conhecimento em relação à doença se relacionou com sentimentos de indiferença e o maior conhecimento a angústia ou medo e altruísmo. Mais de 30% dos estudantes disseram nunca ter ouvido falar sobre hanseníase, mesmo morando em região de ex-colônia, o que sugere um silêncio que pode ser causa e consequência do estigma social que dificulta o controle da doença. Dessa forma, é necessário investir em educação em saúde em hanseníase nas áreas de ex-colônias como medida de vigilância epidemiológica e combate ao preconceito.

Abstract Leprosy is an infectious disease that carries a strong social stigma. Decades of compulsory hospitalization in colonies resulted in the emergence of communities in their surroundings that are important from an epidemiological and historical point of view. Usually they have a high prevalence of the disease and people who have experienced the consequences of isolation and stigma. This article presents a database analysis study, the result of health education and leprosy prevention activities, carried out in schools in an ex-colony region of Minas Gerais. The objective was to assess knowledge and feelings about leprosy among students. For analysis, descriptive statistics were used. We analyzed 325 questionnaires answered by students aged between 10 and 19 years. The results showed lack of knowledge about the disease. Less knowledge about the disease was related to feelings of indifference and greater knowledge to anguish or fear and altruism. More than 30% of students informed they have never heard about leprosy, even living in an ex-colony region, which suggests a silence that can be the cause and consequence of the social stigma that makes it difficult to control the disease. Thus, it is necessary to apply in health education in leprosy at areas of former colonies as a measure of epidemiological surveillance and prejudice fighting.

Due to the inequalities of the past in the apartheid era in South African, many communities, particularly in the rural areas, are still improvised. Children in these rural areas have no access to education - especially in the early childhood development (ECD) phase. To bridge this gap of unequal education, the Greater Edendale Muslim Society (GEMS) adopted a philanthropic approach and has applied a system of providing quality education in creches of excellence in the ECD phase in the community of Edendale. Built on the foundation of the theories of prosocial behaviour and the need to belong, this study stands testimony to the mindset that prosocial behaviour spurs on and triggers more helping behaviour that benefits a community and society and may, therefore, be effective in contributing to the development of a country as well as assist in eradicating years-old social ills and imbalances. Philanthropy is a diversification of organisational choices and actions as it is of wider social and community concerns. With this study we aimed to demonstrate that prosocial and helping behaviour fulfil an individual need and snowballs to contribute to a wider good, which in this case, is ECD and building a nation, economy, a country and its future. Clearly, since the 1994 democratic elections in South Africa, there has been a remarkable improvement of education in all sectors of society. There is still much to be done to improve the quality of life for all South Africans, particularly those previously disadvantaged who reside in the rural areas. From a developmental perspective, using a quantitative, positivist approach, through the use of structured questionnaires, we aimed to assess whether parents and teachers believed that the GEMS programme was providing unique education and promoting social transformation. The study was undertaken in 10 rural areas in Edendale (Pietermaritzburg) and consisted of a sample of 13 teachers and 293 parents using the cluster sampling method. Data were collected using a self-developed questionnaire of which the psychometric properties were statistically assessed and evaluated using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results show positive parent and teacher perceptions of the programme and its positive contribution to education and the transformation of society. Evidently, altruistic behaviour and the psychological need to belong has the potential to contribute to ECD and improving the ethical growth of the community, society and an emerging economy like South Africa.

Abstract This article aims to analyze the presence of belief in the evolutionist ideas - at once mystical-religious and scientific - of the philosopher Pythagoras (570-490 B.C.) in the writings of the black intellectual André Rebouças (1838-1898). We intend to understand the meanings attributed by the Brazilian abolitionist to his “Pythagorean propaganda”, conceived as an ideal way to achieve societal transformations, through reformist projects that he advocated for both in Brazil and in Africa (1892-1893). In alignment with the Greek thinker, Rebouças’ militancy was guided by the belief that the world was in constant moral and material evolution, whilst its transformation was mathematically ordered by the harmony of the opposites. A society led by strict, disciplined virtues and moral behavior would thus experience less unequal social and economic development, and vice versa. Rebouças concurrently maintained that a project of moral and material intervention in society would constitute a step towards achieving a future universal brotherhood rooted in altruism. Drawing upon his newspaper articles, letters, and diaries, written between 1888 and 1893, this text demonstrates that André Rebouças found inspiration in Pythagorean conceptions of the evolution of the cosmos to propose solutions to social issues such as the abolition of slavery, poverty relief, and the democratization of access to land. mysticalreligious mystical religious 570490 570 490 (570-49 B.C. BC B C 18381898. 18381898 1838 1898 . (1838-1898) propaganda, propaganda , propaganda” transformations 18921893. 18921893 1892 1893 (1892-1893) thinker opposites strict development versa altruism articles letters diaries 188 slavery relief land 57049 57 49 (570-4 B.C 1838189 183 189 (1838-1898 1892189 (1892-1893 18 5704 5 4 (570- 183818 (1838-189 189218 (1892-189 1 (570 18381 (1838-18 18921 (1892-18 (57 (1838-1 (1892-1 (5 (1838- (1892- ( (1838 (1892 (183 (189 (18 (1

Resumo Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a presença da crença nas ideias evolucionistas - ao mesmo tempo místico-religiosas e científicas - do filósofo Pitágoras (570-490 a.C.) nos escritos do intelectual negro André Rebouças (1838-1898). Pretende-se compreender os sentidos atribuídos pelo abolicionista brasileiro à sua “propaganda pitagórica”, como caminho ideal para se alcançar as transformações da sociedade, por meio de projetos reformistas voltados tanto ao Brasil quanto à África (1892-1893). Em sua militância, ele acreditava, em consonância com o pensador grego, que o mundo estava em constante evolução moral e material, e sua transformação era ordenada matematicamente pela harmonia dos opostos. Nesse sentido, uma sociedade conduzida por virtudes e comportamentos morais rígidos e disciplinados teria, como consequência, o desenvolvimento social e econômico menos desigual, e vice-versa. Assim, Rebouças defendia, de modo concomitante, um projeto de intervenção moral e material na sociedade como etapa para se alcançar uma futura fraternidade universal, baseada no altruísmo. Com base em seus artigos de jornais, cartas e diários, escritos entre 1888 e 1893, o texto demonstra que André Rebouças inspirou-se nas ideias pitagóricas de evolução do cosmos para propor soluções para causas sociais como a abolição da escravidão e da miséria e a democratização do acesso à terra. místicoreligiosas místico religiosas 570490 570 490 (570-49 a.C. aC C 18381898. 18381898 1838 1898 . (1838-1898) Pretendese Pretende propaganda pitagórica, pitagórica , pitagórica” 18921893. 18921893 1892 1893 (1892-1893) militância acreditava grego opostos sentido teria consequência desigual viceversa. viceversa vice versa. versa vice-versa Assim defendia concomitante universal altruísmo jornais diários 188 inspirouse inspirou terra 57049 57 49 (570-4 a.C 1838189 183 189 (1838-1898 1892189 (1892-1893 18 5704 5 4 (570- 183818 (1838-189 189218 (1892-189 1 (570 18381 (1838-18 18921 (1892-18 (57 (1838-1 (1892-1 (5 (1838- (1892- ( (1838 (1892 (183 (189 (18 (1

ABSTRACT Compassion is valued within the central elements of health care, existing in recent years a progressive increase in interest in its research, at least in part by the perception that it has decreased in health systems. For centuries it has been found universally in different cultures and disciplines but presenting variations according to different cultures in terms of its understanding and expression, and being its approach from scientific point of view relatively recent in history. It could be distinguished from similar concepts such as empathy, altruism and pity. Evolutionarily, it would have arisen within the framework of care and breeding behaviors of mammals, and neurobiologically it would be related to changes at autonomic activation levels, neurotransmitters, cortical and subcortical structures, similar to other prosocial emotions. It has been associated with multiple benefits in physical and mental health, and in health care. Multiple instruments have been designed to evaluate it and interventions in relation to it, which would require further studies to be able to be generalized. Barriers to compassion have also been described, and that it could be fatigued, the latter being currently under discussion. In the future there would be challenges for its development in conjunction with technology, political, sociological, clinical and educational changes, existing orientations on how to overcome them to move towards more compassionate health systems.

RESUMEN La compasión es valorada dentro de los elementos centrales de la atención en salud, existiendo en los últimos años un aumento progresivo del interés en su investigación, al menos en parte, por la percepción de que ha disminuido en los sistemas de salud. Desde hace siglos se ha encontrado en forma universal en diferentes culturas y disciplinas, pero presentando variaciones según las diferentes culturas en cuanto a su comprensión y expresión, siendo su abordaje desde el punto de vista científico relativamente reciente en la historia. Se distinguiría de conceptos similares como empatía, altruismo y lástima. Evolutivamente habría surgido en el marco de las conductas de cuidado y crianza de los mamíferos, y neurobiológicamente se relacionaría con cambios a nivel de activación autonómica, neurotransmisores, estructuras corticales y subcorticales, de forma similar a otras emociones prosociales. Ha sido asociada a múltiples beneficios en salud física, mental y para la atención en salud. Se han diseñado múltiples instrumentos para evaluarla e intervenciones en relación a ella, requiriéndose de mayores estudios para poder generalizarse. Se han descrito también barreras para la compasión y que podría fatigarse, encontrándose esto último actualmente en discusión. A futuro existirían desafíos para su desarrollo en conjunto con la tecnología, los cambios políticos, sociológicos, asistenciales y docentes, existiendo orientaciones sobre cómo superarlos para avanzar hacia sistemas de salud más compasivos.

Resumen Objetivo: Dar a conocer las estadísticas relacionadas con la donación de sangre humana a nivel mundial. Métodos: El estudio es de tipo descriptivo comparativo exploratorio de carácter unidimensional. La información fue recopilada de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, World Population Review and Statistical. Para el análisis de la información se empleó la técnica multivariada de clúster. Resultados: Alemania presenta la mayor tasa de donación de sangre, seguido de Dinamarca. En general se aprecia que en los países de Europa existe mayor cultura de donación, mientras en naciones ubicadas en África y algunos países de Asia, se dan las estadísticas más bajas en relación al tema. Conclusiones: Es fundamental incentivar en las naciones programas de educación relacionados con la importancia de donar sangre, asegurando una buena comunicación para derribar algunas barreras entre los posibles donantes.

Abstract Objective: To report statistics related to human blood donation worldwide. Methods: the study is a one-dimensional exploratory comparative descriptive study. The information was compiled from the World Health Organization, World Population Review and Statistical. The multivariate clustering technique was used for data analysis. Results: Germany has the highest blood donation rate, followed by Denmark. In general, it can be seen that in European countries there is a greater culture of donation, while in countries located in Africa and some Asian countries, there are lower statistics on the subject. Conclusions: It is essential to encourage education programs in the countries related to the importance of donating blood, ensuring good communication to break down some barriers among potential donors.

Abstract This article analyzes Peter Singer and Onora O’Neill’s conceptions of poverty relief. To achieve this purpose, possible ways of understanding poverty are presented, followed by a comparation of the authors’ views. Singer’s arguments are examined in the light of his preference utilitarianism aiming to understand the development of his theory and the elaboration of effective altruism. The review of O’Neill’s theory, in turn, is based on Kantian ethics, an approach the author is affiliated, and based on the need to establish duties for the alleviation of poverty. In the final considerations, the article makes a critical comparison between the two conceptions examined. ONeills O Neill s relief purpose presented authors views Singers altruism turn ethics affiliated considerations

Resumo O presente artigo analisa as concepções desenvolvidas por Peter Singer e Onora O’Neill sobre o alívio da pobreza. Para atingir esse objetivo, são apresentadas possíveis formas de entender a pobreza, seguidas de uma comparação das visões dos autores. As proposições de Singer são examinadas à luz do utilitarismo de preferências, visando compreender o desenvolvimento da teoria do autor até a elaboração do altruísmo eficaz. A revisão da teoria de O’Neill, por sua vez, é feita a partir da ética kantiana, tradição na qual a autora se filia, e a partir de sua proposição sobre necessidade do estabelecimento de deveres para o alívio da pobreza. Nas considerações finais, o artigo faz uma comparação crítica entre as duas concepções examinadas. ONeill Neill pobreza objetivo autores preferências eficaz ONeill, Neill, vez kantiana filia finais

The altruistic behaviour of community-based volunteers in disaster situations determines the success rate of rescue achievements. The purpose of this study is to determine whether there are differences in the altruistic behaviour of volunteers in different types of disaster event threats, namely, landslides, volcanic eruptions, droughts and tsunamis in Yogyakarta. A quantitative study was conducted to answer the research question. The study involved 292 disaster volunteer participants, using the survey method. Hypothesis testing in this study used statistical methods in the form of one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The scores used were factor scores obtained from the results of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) analysis. The data were analysed using jamovi software version 2.3.18. The results of the one-way ANOVA analysis showed no difference in altruism in the types of disaster threats of landslides, volcanic eruptions, droughts and tsunamis in Yogyakarta. CONTRIBUTION: The results of this study can be considered as supporting information in developing programmes by supporting the altruistic behaviour of community-based disaster volunteers. The sincerity of community-based disaster volunteers in the form of altruistic behaviour is not influenced by the type of disaster threat. One form of collective altruistic behaviour that is important and prominent in Indonesian culture is gotong royong. Gotong royong is a joint activity of helping each other without being paid, which is local wisdom in Indonesia. It is therefore important for policymakers to preserve local wisdom values such as gotong royong in disaster risk reduction programmes across different types of disaster threats

RESUMEN: De manera tradicional, se considera que el derecho de contratos está uniformemente fundamentado en el individualismo. Este sustento normativo afirma la diferencia entre los intereses propios y ajenos, abogando por el predominio del autointerés. Sin embargo, los recientes eventos que han incidido en la contratación invitan a evaluar críticamente si solo hay un fundamento normativo común. Al respecto, la solidaridad y el altruismo desafían los postulados del individualismo y pueden esgrimirse como candidatos para la fundamentación del derecho contractual. Este trabajo explora tal posibilidad y busca posicionar la solidaridad y el altruismo en ese ámbito. Finalmente, se muestra en qué sentido el altruismo tiene mayor pertinencia que la solidaridad para fundamentar el derecho de contratos y hacer frente al prisma individualista.

ABSTRACT: Traditionally, contract law is considered uniformly based on individualism. This normative support asserts the difference between one’s interests and those of others, advocating the predominance of self-interest. Nevertheless, recent events that have affected the contractual relationships, beckon a critical appraisal of whether there is only one common normative foundation. In this regard, solidarity and altruism challenge the postulates of individualism and can be used as candidates for the grounds of contract law. This work explores such possibilities and seeks to position solidarity and altruism in this field. Finally, it is shown in what sense altruism has more relevance than solidarity to ground contract law and to face the individualistic prism.

RESUMEN. Teniendo a la vista el estado actual del derecho de contratos, el presente artículo indaga sobre la justificación normativa de diversos deberes de conducta derivados de la buena fe. Se procura demostrar que algunos deberes encuentran su justificación normativa en un modelo de individualismo desinteresado -que, en términos generales, impone la necesidad de no lesionar los legítimos intereses del otro-, mientras que otros la encuentran en un modelo de altruismo moderado -que, en determinadas hipótesis, impone un deber de sacrificar o poner en riesgo la satisfacción de los intereses propios-. Se concluye que, aunque buena parte de los deberes derivados de la buena fe encuentran su justificación normativa en un modelo de altruismo moderado, la buena fe reposa sobre una fundamentación normativa dual en el estado actual del derecho de contratos.

ABSTRACT. This article, bearing in mind the current state of contract law, inquires about the normative justification of various duties of conduct derived from good faith. It seeks to demonstrate that some duties find their normative justification in a model of disinterested individualism -which, in general terms, imposes the duty of not to harm the legitimate interests of the other- while others find it in a model of moderate altruism -which, in certain hypotheses, it imposes a duty to sacrifice or jeopardize the satisfaction of one's own interests-. It is concluded that, although a good part of the duties derived from good faith find their normative justification in a model of moderate altruism, good faith continues to find a dual normative foundation in the current state of contract law.

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to analyze the effects of altruism and the credibility of the CSR image´ perceptions on the purchase intention. The method consisted of an analysis of structural equations with a sample of 309 university students. Our findings suggest that, when CSR communications are perceived as legitimate, the consumer creates an altruistic and credible perception that promotes a CSR image, predicting the millennial purchase intentions. The originality consists in presenting an analysis of the millennial generation, who are socially responsible consumers. The main limitation is the inclusion of university millennials from a single university.

Resumen: El objetivo de investigación es analizar los efectos del altruismo y la credibilidad en las percepciones de la imagen de RSC, y a la vez, la influencia de ésta sobre en la intención de compra. El método consistió en un análisis de ecuaciones estructurales con una muestra de 309 jóvenes universitarios. Los hallazgos sugieren que cuando las comunicaciones de RSC son percibidas como legítimas, el consumidor crea una percepción altruista y creíble, potenciando una imagen socialmente responsable que motiva la intención de compra millennial. La originalidad consiste en presentar un análisis de la generación millennials quienes se muestran como una tendencia socialmente responsable. La principal limitación es la inclusión de millenials universitarios de una sola universidad.

Abstract: Study based on the theory of Knowledge Management, using the Organizational Learning variable with its Individual Factor, whose objective was to demonstrate that said variable through the individual factor is related to the Scientific Productivity of University Teachers. The method was quantitative and non-experimental design, with Structural Equations Model. It is verified that the Individual Factor statistically has a causal influence of .73 on the Scientific Productivity variable, through altruism and self-efficacy, behavioral variables that have been studied in other areas. A limitation of the study is that it was only in one institution, so it cannot be generalized to other public higher education institutions. The effect of Altruism on Organizational Learning is a finding that opposes the extrinsic incentive that generates the conditions for employees to share their knowledge and contribute to learning.

Resumen: Estudio basado en la teoría de la Gestión del Conocimiento, utilizando la variable Aprendizaje Organizacional con su Factor Individual, cuyo objetivo fue demostrar que dicha variable a través del factor individual tiene relación con la Productividad Científica de Profesores Investigadores . El método fue cuantitativo y diseño no experimental, con Modelo de Ecuaciones Estructurales. Se comprueba que el Factor Individual tiene estadísticamente una influencia causal de .73 sobre la variable Productividad Científica, a través del altruismo y autoeficacia, variables de comportamiento y que se han estudiado en otros ámbitos. Una limitación del estudio es que fue solo en una institución, por lo que no se puede generalizar a otras instituciones de educación superior pública. El efecto del Altruismo en el Aprendizaje Organizacional, es un hallazgo que se opone a que el incentivo extrínseco es el que genera las condiciones para que los empleados compartan sus conocimientos y contribuyan al aprendizaje.

ABSTRACT This Semblance summarizes the career of Dr. Alberto Juan Dorta Contreras, an eminent scientist who dedicated his life to Neuroimmunology and the dissemination of open science principles in Cuba. His professional work was mainly focused on basic and clinical research, especially Immunology, with an emphasis on the impact of infectious diseases and the role of the complement system in the Central Nervous System. Also important has been his role as an undergraduate and graduate teacher in the Quincke Scholarships, a space created by Dr. Dorta to get closer to the world of experimentation. In recent years, he served as director of the Cuban Journal of Biomedical Research, which he promoted to higher categories with the effort and rigor of his work, currently occupying the first place among Cuban journals according to the Scimago ranking. His life, work and outstanding career make Dr. Dorta Contreras an example of sacrifice, dedication, value, honesty, simplicity, altruism and dedication to science and humanity. For these reasons, the objective of this article is to highlight the most relevant aspects of his work as a scientist and teacher, supported by testimonies, database searches, interviews with students and work colleagues to summarize the prolific working life of Dr C. Alberto Juan Dorta Contreras.

RESUMEN Esta Semblanza resume la trayectoria del Dr. Alberto Juan Dorta Contreras, eminente científico, quien dedicara su vida a la Neuroinmunología y difusión de los principios de Ciencia Abierta en Cuba. Su labor profesional se centró principalmente en la investigación básica y clínica, sobre todo, de la Inmunología con énfasis en la repercusión de las enfermedades infecciosas y el papel del sistema del complemento en el Sistema Nervioso Central. Importante ha sido, además, su función como docente en pregrado y posgrado a través de las Becas Quincke, un espacio creado por el Dr. Dorta para acercarse al mundo de la experimentación. Se desempeñó en los últimos años como director de la Revista Cubana de Investigaciones Biomédicas, la que impulsó a categorías superiores con su esfuerzo y rigor de trabajo, con lo que llegó a ocupar en este momento el primer lugar de las revistas cubanas según el ranking de Scimago. Su vida, obra y destacada trayectoria hacen que el Dr. Dorta Contreras sea un ejemplo de sacrificio, consagración, valor, honestidad, sencillez, altruismo y entrega a la ciencia y la humanidad. Por tales razones, el objetivo de esta Semblanza es destacar los aspectos más relevantes de su obra como científico y docente, apoyados en testimonios, búsqueda en bases de datos, entrevistas a estudiantes y colegas de trabajo para resumir la prolífera vida laboral del Dr.C Alberto Juan Dorta Contreras.

Abstract Gestational surrogacy is a controversial ethical issue worldwide. In 2016, Portugal launched a second political attempt to legalize gestational surrogacy, proposing it as: being altruistic; forbidding a biological tie between the surrogate and the child; requiring a biological relationship between one of the legal parents and the child; and demanding a legal contract between the surrogate and the legal parents. The law was approved, regulated and entered into force. However, months later, the Constitutional Court ruled some of its norms unconstitutional, namely due to the legal ambiguity of the surrogacy contracts; too short a deadline for the surrogate's withdraw of consent; and the need to comply with the children's right to know their biological origin. The law entered a complex political and legal process. It also caused a serious problem in assisted reproductive treatments, with the suspension of those treatments that entailed the anonymity of the donors. The law on surrogacy was, finally, enacted in November 2021, although the introduction of its regulation is still pending. This paper describes the legal process, within its political context, stressing the ethical issues at stake, and presenting the initiative for legalization of gestational surrogacy in Portugal as a valuable case study analysis: of how a top-down initiative, ideologically driven and politically rushed, and which ignores ethical advice, generates a troubled and penalizing legal process for the people involved.

Resum La gestació subrogada és una qüestió ètica controvertida a tot el món. En 2016, Portugal va llançar un segon intent polític per a legalitzar la subrogació gestacional, proposant-la com: altruista; prohibint un vincle biològic entre la subrogada i el nen; exigint una relació biològica entre un dels pares legals i el nen; i exigint un contracte legal entre la subrogada i els pares legals. La llei va ser aprovada, reglamentada i va entrar en vigor. No obstant, mesos després, el Tribunal Constitucional va dictaminar la inconstitucionalitat d'algunes de les seves normes, en concret: l'ambigüitat jurídica dels contractes de gestació subrogada; un termini massa curt per a la retirada del consentiment de la mare de lloguer; i la necessitat de complir amb el dret dels nens a conèixer el seu origen biològic. La llei va entrar en un complex procés polític i jurídic. També va provocar un greu problema en els tractaments de reproducció assistida, amb la suspensió d'aquells que implicaven l'anonimat de les donants. La llei de gestació subrogada va ser, finalment, promulgada al novembre de 2021, si bé encara està pendent la introducció del seu reglament. Aquest treball descriu el procés legal, dins del seu context polític, posant l'accent en les qüestions ètiques en joc, i presentant aquesta iniciativa com una valuosa anàlisi de cas: de com una iniciativa de dalt a baix, ideològicament impulsada i políticament precipitada, i que ignora l'assessorament ètic, genera un procés legal problemàtic i penalitzador per a les persones implicades.

Resumen La gestación subrogada es una cuestión ética controvertida en todo el mundo. En 2016, Portugal lanzó un segundo intento político para legalizar la subrogación gestacional, proponiéndola como: altruista; prohibiendo un vínculo biológico entre la subrogada y el niño; exigiendo una relación biológica entre uno de los padres legales y el niño; y exigiendo un contrato legal entre la subrogada y los padres legales. La ley fue aprobada, reglamentada y entró en vigor. Sin embargo, meses después, el Tribunal Constitucional dictaminó la inconstitucionalidad de algunas de sus normas, en concreto: la ambigüedad jurídica de los contratos de gestación subrogada; un plazo demasiado corto para la retirada del consentimiento de la madre de alquiler; y la necesidad de cumplir con el derecho de los niños a conocer su origen biológico. La ley entró en un complejo proceso político y jurídico. También provocó un grave problema en los tratamientos de reproducción asistida, con la suspensión de aquellos que implicaban el anonimato de las donantes. La ley de gestación subrogada fue, finalmente, promulgada en noviembre de 2021, aunque aún está pendiente la introducción de su reglamento. Este trabajo describe el proceso legal, dentro de su contexto político, haciendo hincapié en las cuestiones éticas que están en juego, y presentando la iniciativa de legalización de la gestación subrogada en Portugal como un valioso análisis de caso: de cómo una iniciativa de arriba abajo, ideológicamente impulsada y políticamente precipitada, y que ignora el asesoramiento ético, genera un proceso legal problemático y penalizador para las personas implicadas.