Abstract Introduction. Livestock farming with Creole cattle is practiced in rural areas with challenging characteristics for species management. Objective. To describe the production system and the socio-cultural and technical-economic factors affecting the production of Nunkiní Creole cattle (Bos taurus). Materials and methods. The study was conducted from November 2020 to October 2021 in nine livestock production units of Nunkiní, Calkiní municipality, Campeche, Mexico. Information was obtained from an interview form with social, cultural, technical, and economic study variables, applied to selected producers. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA. Results. Livestock farming was carried out by men (100 %), with an average age of 58.44 years. The average years of experience were 34.61. Younger producers had higher levels of education and less experience, and were responsible for the production units of higher technological levels. The size of the livestock production unit ranged from five to twenty-two cattle (average of 14). Feeding management followed a transhumance scheme, with cattle being free-ranging on ejido lands and from May to December and semi-stabled from January to April, grazing on cultivated pastures and supplemented with agricultural residues. With the zootechnical management implemented by the producers, an average pregnancy rate of 83 % was achieved. The main product marketed was fresh meat in cuts and direct sale to consumers, with an average price of 2.675 USD$/kg. Conclusion. It is traditional extensive system that takes advantage of the common use of grasslands. It involves experienced but older producers, with small investments, and serves to strengthen their family economy. This activity is threatened by the lack of revaluation of Creole cattle and the introduction of exotic breeds in the area to maximize production.

Resumen Introducción. La ganadería con bovinos criollos se práctica en espacios rurales con características difíciles para el manejo de las especies. Objetivo. Describir el sistema productivo y los factores socioculturales y técnico-económicos que afectan la producción del bovino criollo de Nunkiní (Bos taurus). Materiales y métodos. El estudio se realizó entre noviembre del 2020 a octubre del 2021, en nueve unidades de producción pecuarias de Nunkiní en el municipio de Calkiní, Campeche, México. La información se obtuvo de una cédula de entrevista con variables de estudio sociales, culturales, técnicas y económicas, aplicada a productores seleccionados. Los datos se analizaron mediante estadística descriptiva y ANDEVA. Resultados. La crianza del ganado la realizaron hombres (100 %), con edad promedio de 58,44 años. Los años de experiencia promedio fueron de 34, 61. Los productores jóvenes tuvieron mayor escolaridad y menor experiencia, y se encargaron de las unidades de producción de mayor nivel tecnológico. El tamaño de la unidad de producción pecuaria varió de cinco a veintidós bovinos (media de 14). El manejo alimenticio tuvo un esquema de trashumancia, donde de mayo a diciembre estuvieron libres en tierras ejidales y de enero a abril se manejaron semiestabulados, con pastoreo en potreros cultivados y suplementados con residuos agrícolas. Con el manejo zootécnico implementado por los productores, se obtuvo un promedio de 83 % de preñez. El producto principal comercializado fue carne fresca en cortes y venta directa al consumidor, con un precio promedio de 2,675 USD$/kg. Conclusión. Es un sistema tradicional extensivo que aprovecha el uso común de los agostaderos. Con productores de experiencia, pero de edad avanzada, de pequeña inversión y le sirve para fortalecer su economía familiar. Dicha actividad se ve amenazada por la falta de revalorización del bovino criollo y la introducción de razas exóticas en la zona para maximizar la producción.

ABSTRACT The goal of this study was to estimate the prevalence of environmental and occupational exposure to pesticides according to sociodemographic factors among cancer patients. It is a cross-sectional study with cancer patients in the state of Mato Grosso. The prevalence of environmental and occupational exposure to pesticides was calculated as to the variables gender, age, macro-region, and education. Pesticide use per agricultural crops in liters was estimated, and a thematic map was constructed following the macro-region of the agricultural economy. Of the 998 patients, most were female (54.9%), aged between 50 and 69 years old (50.1%), had less than eight years of schooling (60.7%), and resided in the South-Central macro-region (55.4%). Regarding environmental and occupational exposure, 53.1% of the patients live or have lived in a municipality with agricultural plantations; 17.4% lived near crops; 43.4% worked in agriculture, livestock, or extractivism; and 22.9% worked or work directly with pesticides. Environmental and occupational exposure was higher in males, in the older age groups, schooling from 0 to 4 years, and in the macro-regions with higher pesticide use. The study concluded that environmental and occupational exposure among cancer patients is associated to sociodemographic characteristics and macro-regions of the agricultural economy.

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar a prevalência de exposição ambiental e ocupacional aos agrotóxicos conforme fatores sociodemográficos entre pacientes com câncer. Trata-se de um estudo observacional de delineamento transversal com pacientes com câncer do estado de Mato Grosso. Foi calculada a prevalência de exposição ambiental e ocupacional aos agrotóxicos conforme as variáveis sexo, faixa etária, região e escolaridade. Foram estimados o uso de agrotóxicos por culturas agrícolas em litros e construído mapa temático segundo a macrorregião de economia agropecuária. Dos 998 pacientes, a maioria era do sexo feminino (54,9%), tinha entre 50 e 69 anos (50,1%), possuía menos de oito anos de escolaridade (60,7%) e residiam na macrorregião Centro-Sul (55,4%). Em relação à exposição ambiental e ocupacional, 53,1% dos pacientes moram ou moraram em município com plantação agrícola, 17,4% residiam próximo à lavoura, 43,4% trabalharam na agricultura, pecuária ou extrativismo e 22,9% trabalharam ou trabalham diretamente com agrotóxicos. A exposição ambiental e ocupacional foi maior no sexo masculino, nas faixas etárias mais elevadas, escolaridade de 0 a 4 anos e nas macrorregiões de maior uso de agrotóxicos. Conclui-se que a exposição ambiental e ocupacional entre pacientes com câncer se associou as características sociodemográficas e macrorregiões de economia agropecuária.

Abstract Through interviews, participant observation, and a collective dialogue meeting among women, the results of an investigation into the challenges, difficulties, and forms of violence faced by young rural women who are studying or have graduated from the Sustainable Agricultural Innovation Engineering program in Cuquío, Jalisco, are gathered and presented. Since their early years, these young women have confronted various forms of violence within the agro-industrial context in which they are situated. Some of these forms of violence are linked to sexist dynamics surrounding monoculture maize production, compounded by others associated with their rural youth and gender condition. These challenges are interdependently reproduced, accumulated, and intensified within their university experiences, leading to psychosocial distress, academic dropout, and hindrances in accessing career-related opportunities. This article aims to shed light on these situations -prior to, during, and after their university studies- analyzing them through a feminist lens to enable the recognition, focus, and analysis of the patriarchal facet within the agro-industry.

Resumen A través de entrevistas, observación participante y un encuentro para el diálogo colectivo entre mujeres, se recuperan y presentan los resultados de una indagación sobre las dificultades, retos y violencias que enfrentan las mujeres jóvenes rurales que estudian y han egresado de la carrera de Ingeniería en Innovación Agrícola Sustentable, en Cuquío, Jalisco. Estas jóvenes desde pequeñas han enfrentado diversas violencias en el contexto agroindustrial donde se desarrollan; algunas de ellas asociadas a dinámicas sexistas en torno a la producción en monocultivo de maíz, sumadas a otras ligadas a su condición juvenil rural y de género, las cuales se reproducen, acumulan y profundizan interseccionalmente en su universidad, generando malestar psicosocial y deserción escolar, así como dificultándoles e impidiéndoles el acceso a trabajos relacionados con su carrera profesional. El artículo pretende visibilizar tales situaciones -antes, durante y después de sus estudios universitarios-, analizándolas desde una perspectiva feminista que posibilite reconocer, enfocar y analizar la faceta patriarcal de la agroindustria.

ABSTRACT The goal of this study was to estimate the prevalence of environmental and occupational exposure to pesticides according to sociodemographic factors among cancer patients. It is a cross-sectional study with cancer patients in the state of Mato Grosso. The prevalence of environmental and occupational exposure to pesticides was calculated as to the variables gender, age, macro-region, and education. Pesticide use per agricultural crops in liters was estimated, and a thematic map was constructed following the macro-region of the agricultural economy. Of the 998 patients, most were female (54.9%), aged between 50 and 69 years old (50.1%), had less than eight years of schooling (60.7%), and resided in the South-Central macro-region (55.4%). Regarding environmental and occupational exposure, 53.1% of the patients live or have lived in a municipality with agricultural plantations; 17.4% lived near crops; 43.4% worked in agriculture, livestock, or extractivism; and 22.9% worked or work directly with pesticides. Environmental and occupational exposure was higher in males, in the older age groups, schooling from 0 to 4 years, and in the macro-regions with higher pesticide use. The study concluded that environmental and occupational exposure among cancer patients is associated to sociodemographic characteristics and macro-regions of the agricultural economy. crosssectional cross sectional Grosso gender macroregion, macroregion macro region, region education estimated economy 99 54.9%, 549 54.9% , 54 9 (54.9%) 5 6 50.1%, 501 50.1% 1 (50.1%) 60.7%, 607 60.7% 60 7 (60.7%) SouthCentral South Central 55.4%. 554 55.4% . 55 (55.4%) 531 53 53.1 plantations 174 17 17.4 434 43 43.4 agriculture livestock extractivism 229 22 22.9 males groups macroregions regions 54.9 (54.9% 50.1 (50.1% 60.7 (60.7% 55.4 (55.4% 53. 17. 43. 2 22. 54. (54.9 50. (50.1 60. (60.7 55. (55.4 (54. (50. (60. (55. (54 (50 (60 (55 (5 (6 (

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar a prevalência de exposição ambiental e ocupacional aos agrotóxicos conforme fatores sociodemográficos entre pacientes com câncer. Trata-se de um estudo observacional de delineamento transversal com pacientes com câncer do estado de Mato Grosso. Foi calculada a prevalência de exposição ambiental e ocupacional aos agrotóxicos conforme as variáveis sexo, faixa etária, região e escolaridade. Foram estimados o uso de agrotóxicos por culturas agrícolas em litros e construído mapa temático segundo a macrorregião de economia agropecuária. Dos 998 pacientes, a maioria era do sexo feminino (54,9%), tinha entre 50 e 69 anos (50,1%), possuía menos de oito anos de escolaridade (60,7%) e residiam na macrorregião Centro-Sul (55,4%). Em relação à exposição ambiental e ocupacional, 53,1% dos pacientes moram ou moraram em município com plantação agrícola, 17,4% residiam próximo à lavoura, 43,4% trabalharam na agricultura, pecuária ou extrativismo e 22,9% trabalharam ou trabalham diretamente com agrotóxicos. A exposição ambiental e ocupacional foi maior no sexo masculino, nas faixas etárias mais elevadas, escolaridade de 0 a 4 anos e nas macrorregiões de maior uso de agrotóxicos. Conclui-se que a exposição ambiental e ocupacional entre pacientes com câncer se associou as características sociodemográficas e macrorregiões de economia agropecuária. Tratase Trata Grosso etária agropecuária 99 54,9%, 549 54,9% , 54 9 (54,9%) 5 6 50,1%, 501 50,1% 1 (50,1%) 60,7% 607 60 7 (60,7% CentroSul Centro Sul 55,4%. 554 55,4% . 55 (55,4%) 531 53 53,1 agrícola 174 17 17,4 lavoura 434 43 43,4 agricultura 229 22 22,9 masculino elevadas Concluise Conclui 54,9 (54,9% 50,1 (50,1% 60,7 (60,7 55,4 (55,4% 53, 17, 43, 2 22, 54, (54,9 50, (50,1 60, (60, 55, (55,4 (54, (50, (60 (55, (54 (50 (6 (55 (5 (

ABSTRACT The use of didactic mediators was of vital importance to optimize work in classes and in this way, guarantee learning in Higher Education students. In the case of Statistics, to easily operate these didactic mediators using mobile devices since their applications provide a good opportunity to show students their usefulness by quickly working on application exercises for the different contents, which is why this article was intended the objective is to present and socialize a methodological procedure for teaching Statistics through the use of mobile devices as didactic mediators. Theoretical level methods such as synthetic analytical, historical and logical methods were used. At the empirical level, document review, interviews, performance observation, pedagogical testing and expert consultation were used. As a sample, students from the Agricultural Engineering program at the University of Ciego de Ávila were part of this research. This result can be generalized to other university courses. With the application of this methodological procedure, it was possible to improve student learning in the contents of this discipline.

RESUMO A utilização de mediadores didáticos foi de vital importância para otimizar o trabalho nas aulas e, desta forma, garantir a aprendizagem dos alunos do Ensino Superior. No caso da Estatística, operar facilmente estes mediadores didáticos através de dispositivos móveis, uma vez que as suas aplicações proporcionam uma boa oportunidade para mostrar aos alunos a sua utilidade, trabalhando rapidamente em exercícios de aplicação para diferentes conteúdos. Portanto, este artigo teve como objetivo apresentar e socializar um procedimento metodológico para o ensino de Estatística, baseado na utilização de dispositivos móveis como mediadores didáticos. Foram utilizados métodos de nível teórico como: analítico-sintético, histórico-lógico. No nível empírico, foram utilizadas revisão documental, entrevistas, observação de desempenho, testes pedagógicos e consulta a especialistas. Como amostra, fizeram parte desta pesquisa alunos do curso de Engenharia Agronômica da Universidade de Ciego de Ávila. Este resultado pode ser generalizado para outros cursos universitários. Com a aplicação deste procedimento metodológico foi possível melhorar o aprendizado dos alunos nos conteúdos desta disciplina.

RESUMEN El empleo de mediadores didácticos resultó de vital importancia para optimizar el trabajo en las clases y, de esta manera, garantizar el aprendizaje en los estudiantes de la Educación Superior. En el caso de la Estadística, para operar fácilmente estos mediadores didácticos utilizando los dispositivos móviles, puesto que sus aplicaciones proporcionan una buena oportunidad para mostrar a los estudiantes su utilidad al trabajar con rapidez ejercicios de aplicaciones para los diferentes contenidos. Por ello, este artículo tuvo como objetivo presentar y socializar un procedimiento metodológico para la enseñanza de la Estadística, a partir de la utilización de dispositivos móviles como mediadores didácticos. Se utilizaron métodos del nivel teórico como: el analítico-sintético, histórico-lógico. Del nivel empírico se empleó la revisión de documentos, entrevistas, la observación del desempeño, la prueba pedagógica y la consulta a expertos. Como muestra formaron parte de esta investigación los estudiantes de la carrera Ingeniería Agrónoma de la Universidad de Ciego de Ávila. Este resultado puede generalizarse para otras carreras de la universidad. Con la aplicación de este procedimiento metodológico se logró perfeccionar el aprendizaje de los estudiantes en los contenidos de esta disciplina.

Resumo Os hábitos alimentares de ratos bandicoot (Bandicota bengalensis) foram investigados nas plantações agrícolas do planalto de Pothwar, Paquistão, por meio da análise do conteúdo estomacal. As atividades da pesquisa foram conduzidas nas principais culturas de campo, incluindo trigo e amendoim, e em terras de pousio durante a estação não agrícola nos limites do campo. Os espécimes foram capturados dos campos usando armadilhas kill/snap e dissecados para coletar suas amostras de estômago para análise laboratorial. Lâminas de microscopia de luz do material vegetal foram recuperadas de amostras de estômago; os materiais de referência foram coletados no campo. Os resultados revelaram que o rato bandicoot alimentava-se predominantemente de culturas cultivadas durante a época de cultivo, mas consumia vegetação selvagem durante a época de não colheita. Não houve diferença significativa entre as dietas de verão e inverno. Os alimentos agrícolas mais frequentemente consumidos foram trigo (Triticum aestivum; 28,57%), amendoim (Arachis hypogea; 11,26%), sorgo (Sorghum bicolor; 10,17%), grão de bico (Cicer arietinum; 9,52%), milho (Zea mays; 6,49%), milheto (Pennisetum glaucum; 5,84%), cevada (Hordeum vulgare; 4,98%) e mostarda (Brassica campestris; 4,98%). Entre a vegetação silvestre foram consumidos khbal gha (Cynodon dactylon; 7,79%), barão dhab (Demostachya bipinnata; 7,36%) e flor espinhosa (Achyranthes aspera; 3,03%). O estudo conclui que, além de consumir culturas de trigo e amendoim, o rato bandicoot pequeno também subsiste de gramíneas, ervas daninhas e algumas culturas forrageiras, componentes importantes de sua dieta no agroecossistema do planalto de Pothwar.

Abstract Dietary habits of bandicoot rats (bandicota bengalensis) were investigated in the agricultural crops of the Pothwar Plateau, Pakistan by analysing stomach contents. The research activities were conducted in major field crops including wheat-groundnut and in the fallow lands during non-crop season at the field boundaries. The specimens were captured from the fields using kill/snap traps, and dissected to collect their stomach samples for laboratory analysis. Light microscopic slides of the plant material were recovered from stomach samples and the reference materials were collected from the field. Results revealed that the bandicoot rat predominantly fed upon cultivated crops during cropping season but consumed wild vegetation during non-cropping season. There was no significance difference between summer and winter diets. Most frequently consumed crop food items were wheat (Triticum aestivum; 28.57%), groundnut (Arachis hypogea; 11.26%), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor; 10.17%), chickpea (Cicer arietinum; 9.52%), maize (Zea mays; 6.49%), millet (Pennisetum glaucum; 5.84%), barley (Hordeum vulgare; 4.98%) and mustard (Brassica campestris; 4.98%). Among wild vegetation were consumed khbal gha (Cynodon dactylon; 7.79%), baron dhab (Demostachya bipinnata; 7.36%) and Prickly flower (Achyranthes aspera; 3.03%). The study concludes that, in addition to consuming wheat and groundnut crops, the Lesser bandicoot rat also subsists on grasses, weeds, and some fodder crops, as important component of its diet in agro-ecosystem of the Pothwar Plateau.

Abstract The researchers of Russian State Agrarian University, Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy in 2013-2016 conducted a long-term stationary experiment to study chemical and toxicological properties of fiber flax, Voskhod variety, growing on sod-podzolic soil in the soil and climate of the Moscow region. Test plots were selected with following crop rotation options: without fertilizers, without liming; without fertilizers, with liming; N100P150K120 (kg a.i./ha), without liming; N100P150K120, with liming; N100P150K120 + manure 20 t/ha, without liming; N100P150K120 + manure 20 t/ha, with liming. The agro-climatic conditions of the growing seasons during the research years did not have a negative impact on the growth and development of fiber flax, the hydro-thermal index was 1.1 in 2013, -1.05 in 2014, 1.5 in 2015, and 1.5 in 2016. The maintained crop rotation and the introduction of a full range of mineral and organic fertilizers has been found to contribute to high yields of flax in terms of fiber (18.5-18.9 hwt/ha) and seeds (7.9-8.3 hwt/ha). The seeds contain 16.9-19.5% protein and 33.5-39.4% lipids. The yield of flaxseed oil from seeds ranged from 19.5-35.7% on average for different variants of the experiment. The peroxide number index was 2.5-1.5 mg-eq O2/kg, the acid number index was 1.1-1.9 mg KOH/g, which corresponds to obtaining high-quality linseed oil in compliance with quality standards for all variants of the experiment. University 20132016 2013 2016 2013-201 longterm long term variety sodpodzolic sod podzolic region options liming NPK N P K N100P150K12 kg a.i./ha, aiha a.i./ha , i ha a.i./ha) 2 tha t t/ha agroclimatic agro climatic hydrothermal hydro thermal 11 1 1. 1.05 105 05 -1.0 2014 15 5 2015 18.518.9 185189 18.5 18.9 18 9 (18.5-18. hwt/ha hwtha hwt 7.98.3 7983 7.9 8.3 7 8 3 (7.9-8. hwt/ha. . 16.919.5% 169195 16.9 19.5% 16 19 16.9-19.5 33.539.4% 335394 33.5 39.4% 33 39 4 33.5-39.4 lipids 19.535.7% 195357 19.5 35.7% 35 19.5-35.7 2.51.5 2515 2.5 2.5-1. mgeq eq O2kg Okg O2 O O2/kg 1.11.9 1119 1.9 1.1-1. KOHg KOH g KOH/g highquality 2013201 201 2013-20 N100P150K1 1.0 10 0 -1. 518 18.518. 18518 185 18. 189 (18.5-18 98 7.98. 798 79 7. 83 8. (7.9-8 919 16.919.5 16919 169 16. 195 16.9-19. 539 33.539.4 33539 335 33. 394 39.4 33.5-39. 535 19.535.7 19535 19. 357 35.7 19.5-35. 51 2.51. 251 25 2. 2.5-1 1.11. 111 1.1-1 201320 2013-2 N100P150K -1 18.518 1851 (18.5-1 7.98 (7.9- 91 16.919. 1691 16.9-19 53 33.539. 3353 39. 33.5-39 19.535. 1953 35. 19.5-35 2.51 2.5- 1.11 1.1- 20132 2013- - 18.51 (18.5- (7.9 16.919 16.9-1 33.539 33.5-3 19.535 19.5-3 (18.5 (7. 16.91 16.9- 33.53 33.5- 19.53 19.5- (18. (7 (18 ( (1

Resumo Os pesquisadores da Universidade Agrária Estatal Russa, Academia Agrícola Timiryazev de Moscou, de 2013 a 2016, realizaram um experimento estacionário de longo prazo para estudar as propriedades químicas e toxicológicas da fibra de linho, variedade Voskhod, crescendo em solo sod-podzólico e no clima da região de Moscou. As parcelas-teste foram selecionadas com as seguintes opções de rotação de culturas: sem fertilizantes e sem calagem; sem fertilizantes e com calagem; N100P150K120 (kg ia/ha), sem calagem; N100P150K120 e com calagem; N100P150K120 + esterco 20 t/ha e sem calagem; N100P150K120 + esterco 20 t/há e com calagem. As condições agroclimáticas das épocas de cultivo durante os anos de pesquisa não tiveram impacto negativo no crescimento e desenvolvimento do linho têxtil, o índice hidrotérmico foi de 1,1 em 2013, -1,05 em 2014, 1,5 em 2015 e 1,5 em 2016. Verificou-se que a manutenção da rotação de culturas e a introdução de uma gama completa de fertilizantes minerais e orgânicos contribuem para altos rendimentos de linho em termos de fibra (18,5-18,9 hwt/ha) e sementes (7,9-8,3 hwt/ha). As sementes contêm 16,9-19,5% de proteína e 33,5-39,4% de lipídios. O rendimento de óleo de linhaça das sementes variou de 19,5 a 35,7% em média para diferentes variantes do experimento. O índice de peróxido foi de 2,5-1,5 mg-eq O2/kg, o índice de acidez foi de 1,1-1,9 mg KOH/g, o que corresponde à obtenção de óleo de linhaça de alta qualidade em conformidade com os padrões de qualidade para todas as variantes do experimento. Russa Moscou 201 2016 Voskhod sodpodzólico sod podzólico parcelasteste parcelas teste calagem NPK N P K N100P150K12 kg ia/ha, iaha ia/ha , ia ha ia/ha) 2 tha t thá há têxtil 11 1 1, 1,05 105 05 -1,0 2014 15 5 Verificouse Verificou se 18,518,9 185189 18,5 18,9 18 9 (18,5-18, hwt/ha hwtha hwt 7,98,3 7983 7,9 8,3 7 8 3 (7,9-8, hwt/ha. . 16,919,5% 169195 16,9 19,5% 16 19 16,9-19,5 33,539,4% 335394 33,5 39,4% 33 39 4 33,5-39,4 lipídios 195 19, 357 35 35,7 2,51,5 2515 2,5 2,5-1, mgeq eq O2kg Okg O2 O2/kg 1,11,9 1119 1,9 1,1-1, KOHg KOH g KOH/g N100P150K1 1,0 10 0 -1, 518 18,518, 18518 185 18, 189 (18,5-18 98 7,98, 798 79 7, 83 8, (7,9-8 919 16,919,5 16919 169 16, 16,9-19, 539 33,539,4 33539 335 33, 394 39,4 33,5-39, 35, 51 2,51, 251 25 2, 2,5-1 1,11, 111 1,1-1 N100P150K -1 18,518 1851 (18,5-1 7,98 (7,9- 91 16,919, 1691 16,9-19 53 33,539, 3353 39, 33,5-39 2,51 2,5- 1,11 1,1- - 18,51 (18,5- (7,9 16,919 16,9-1 33,539 33,5-3 (18,5 (7, 16,91 16,9- 33,53 33,5- (18, (7 (18 ( (1

Abstract The use of tank mixtures of pesticides makes it possible to increase the efficiency of chemical treatment. The aim of the study was to establish the relationship between the joint use of pesticides and the rate of decomposition of active substances. The study was carried out on the crops of spring wheat, spring barley, peas, spring rapeseed, seed potato. Chemical treatments were carried out with insecticides and fungicides – the insecticide (imidacloprid and λ-cyhalothrin), suspension concentrate; the fungicide (propiconazole), emulsifiable concentrate; the insecticide (imidacloprid), soluble concentrate; the fungicide (copper sulfate tribasic), suspension concentrate. Determination of residual amounts of active substances of pesticides was carried out using methods of gas-liquid chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. The acceleration of decomposition of the active substance - imidacloprid on pea crops and spring rapeseed was caused by the combined use of the insecticide (imidacloprid) and the fungicide (propiconazole). The use of the fungicide (copper sulfate tribasic) in a tank mixture with the insecticide (imidacloprid and λ-cyhalothrin) on potatoes caused a slowdown in the decomposition of the active substances imidacloprid and λ-cyhalothrin. Also, there was a change in the level of intake by plant of active substances in the first three hours after spraying, when using tank mixtures, in comparison with the separate use of compounds. The data obtained on the change in the rate of decomposition of active substances of pesticides, when they are used together in mixtures, indicate the need to continue research in this area. In this regard, it is important to study the dynamics of the decomposition of individual active substances of pesticides in plant tissues when they are used in tank mixtures, it is also necessary to conduct research using compounds most commonly used in agricultural production. treatment wheat barley peas potato λcyhalothrin, λcyhalothrin λ cyhalothrin , concentrate propiconazole, propiconazole (propiconazole) imidacloprid, copper tribasic, tribasic gasliquid gas highperformance high performance propiconazole. . λ-cyhalothrin λcyhalothrin. cyhalothrin. Also spraying area regard production (propiconazole

Resumo A utilização de misturas em tanques de pesticidas permite aumentar a eficiência do tratamento químico. O objetivo do estudo foi estabelecer a relação entre a utilização conjunta de pesticidas e a taxa de decomposição das substâncias ativas. O estudo foi realizado nas culturas de trigo de primavera, cevada de primavera, ervilha, colza de primavera e batata-semente. Foram realizados tratamentos químicos com inseticidas e fungicidas − o inseticida (imidacloprida e valuetech-cialotrina), concentrado em suspensão; o fungicida (propiconazol), concentrado emulsionável; o inseticida (imidacloprida), concentrado solúvel; o fungicida (sulfato de cobre tribásico), concentrado em suspensão. A determinação das quantidades residuais de substâncias ativas dos pesticidas foi realizada utilizando métodos de cromatografia gás-líquido e cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência. A aceleração da decomposição da substância ativa – imidacloprida nas culturas de ervilhas e colza de primavera foi causada pela utilização combinada do inseticida (imidacloprida) e do fungicida (propiconazol). A utilização do fungicida (sulfato de cobre tribásico), que contém cobre, numa mistura de tanques com o inseticida (imidacloprida e valuetech-cialotrina) em batatas provocou um abrandamento da decomposição das substâncias ativas imidacloprida e valuetech-cialotrina. Além disso, verificou-se uma alteração no nível de ingestão por planta de substâncias ativas nas primeiras três horas após a pulverização, quando se utilizam misturas em tanques, em comparação com a utilização separada de compostos. Os dados obtidos sobre a alteração da taxa de decomposição das substâncias ativas dos pesticidas, quando utilizadas em conjunto em misturas, indicam a necessidade de prosseguir a investigação neste domínio. Por isto, é importante estudar a dinâmica da decomposição de substâncias ativas individuais de pesticidas nos tecidos vegetais quando são utilizados em misturas em tanques, e realizar pesquisas que empreguem compostos mais comuns na produção agrícola. químico ervilha batatasemente. batatasemente batata semente. semente batata-semente valuetechcialotrina, valuetechcialotrina valuetech cialotrina , suspensão propiconazol, propiconazol (propiconazol) emulsionável imidacloprida, solúvel sulfato tribásico, tribásico tribásico) gáslíquido gás líquido propiconazol. . valuetech-cialotrina valuetechcialotrina. cialotrina. disso verificouse verificou pulverização domínio isto agrícola (propiconazol

ABSTRACT. Although acerola (Malpighia emarginata DC.) is a tropical fruit of high interest due to its high ascorbic acid content and attractive sensory attributes, fruit production is characterized by high genetic variability. Additionally, the use of new biometric tools for acerola breeding is scarce. This study aimed to estimate genetic parameters and the coefficient of repeatability, as well as determine the optimal number of fruits for quality trait analyses in different acerola genotypes, using different approaches. Twenty-three (Experiment I) and thirty-five (Experiment II) genotypes were evaluated in a randomized block design with four replicates and three plants per plot. Twenty fruits per plant were harvested and evaluated for the following quality traits: diameter, mass, skin color (lightness, chroma and hue), firmness, soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA), SS/TA ratio, and ascorbic acid content. The genetic parameters and the coefficient of repeatability were estimated for each experiment using classical and Bayesian methods. Both approaches achieved similar results on estimating variance components, genetic parameters and the coefficient of repeatability. Genetic parameters showed favorable conditions for acerola selection. The coefficient of repeatability was high for all acerola quality traits. A total of 17 fruits are required for the effective selection of acerola genotypes with an accuracy of 95%. ABSTRACT Malpighia DC. DC attributes variability Additionally scarce Twentythree Experiment I thirtyfive thirty five II plot traits diameter mass lightness, lightness (lightness hue, hue , hue) firmness SS, SS (SS) TA, TA (TA) SSTA ratio methods components 1 95 95% (SS (TA 9

Resumo Proteobactérias compreendendo espécies do grupo Pseudomonas syringae causam doenças de muitas plantas ao redor do mundo. O fitopatógeno possui uma estrutura taxonômica complexa, que está em constante revisão devido ao surgimento de novos métodos de diagnóstico molecular e bioquímico. Aqui, pela primeira vez, descrevemos a diversidade genética e fenotípica de 57 cepas de Pseudomonas syringae isoladas de soja, cereais, girassol e outras plantas afetadas na Federação Russa de 1950 a 2019. A diversidade genética foi avaliada por análise de sequência multilocus (MLSA) usando fragmentos dos genes da gliceraldeído-3-fosfato desidrogenase (gapdh), a subunidade D da RNA polimerase dirigida por DNA (rpoD), a subunidade B da girase (topoisomerase) (gyrB) e a citrato sintase I (gltA). A síntese de siringomicina e coronatina por bactérias foi avaliada pela reação de cultura de leveduras suscetíveis, plântulas de cevada, tomate e girassol, e pela presença de genes de toxina confirmados pelo teste de PCR. A patogenicidade das cepas foi confirmada em mudas de plantas dicotiledôneas e monocotiledôneas de ervilha, soja, girassol, cevada e trigo, como as culturas mais afetadas. A sensibilidade das bactérias a 10 antibióticos dos principais mecanismos de atividade e dois produtos bactericidas comerciais foi testada pelo método de disco padrão. Os resultados obtidos mostraram uma alta homogeneidade genética da população russa de P. syringae, que infecta várias culturas agrícolas, e um aumento na proporção de cepas resistentes a antibióticos ao longo dos anos.

Abstract Proteobacteria comprising species of Pseudomonas syringae group cause diseases of many plants around the world. The phytopathogen has a complex taxonomic structure, which is constantly being revised due to the emergence of new molecular and biochemical diagnostic methods. Here for the first time, we describe the genetic and phenotypic diversity of 57 strains of Pseudomonas syringae isolated from affected soybeans, cereals, sunflowers, and other plants in the Russian Federation from 1950 to 2019. Genetic diversity was assessed by Multi Locus Sequence Analysis (MLSA) using fragments of the genes of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh), the DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit D (rpoD), gyrase (topoisomerase) B subunit (gyrB), and citrate synthase I (gltA). The synthesis of syringomycin and coronatine by bacteria was assessed by the reaction of susceptible yeast culture, seedlings of barley, tomato, and sunflower, and by presence of toxin genes confirmed by PCR test. The pathogenicity of the strains was confirmed on seedlings of dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous plants of peas, soybean, sunflowers, barley and wheat, as the most affected crops. The sensitivity of bacteria to 10 antibiotics of the main mechanisms of activity and two bactericidal commercial products was tested by standard disc method. The obtained results showed a high genetic homogeneity of the Russian population of P. syringae, which infects various agricultural crops, and an increase in the proportion of antibiotic-resistant strains over the years.

ABSTRACT Mechanised watercress harvesting involves clamping and cutting its stalks, which can result in their incomplete breaking and crushing. The harvest quality is directly affected by the force used to clamp and cut the watercress stalks. Therefore, studying the physical and mechanical properties of the stalks is important to accurately calculate the force that needs to be applied. Herein, the microstructure of watercress stalk sections with and without nodes was observed using scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, the basic physical properties, such as the total length, internode outer diameter, internode inner diameter and water content, of watercress stalks were measured. Additionally, the mechanical properties of watercress stalks at different positions were measured using four modes: tension, compression, shear and bending. Results revealed that watercress stalks with nodes exhibited a more pronounced medullary cavity and a greater number of internal vascular bundles. The lower section of the watercress stalks was considerably more resistant to mechanical stress than the rest of the stalk. Further, in terms of resisting load, the stalks with nodes were stronger than those without nodes. This study provides useful information for efficient watercress harvesting. crushing Therefore applied Herein microscopy Moreover length content Additionally modes tension compression bending bundles Further load

Abstract The advent of information and communication technologies can lead to imbalances between labor supply and demand. Recent studies indicate that in Brazil, one of the sectors most likely to be affected by automation processes is agriculture. The objective is to investigate the factors that influence job retention in the agricultural sector, introducing an innovative explanatory factor: the probabilities of automation associated with different occupations, as proposed by Frey & Osborne (2013) and adapted to the Brazilian labor market by Lima et al. (2019). Our analysis used data from RAIS 2019. The results highlight that seniority and remuneration have a positive impact on the probability of an individual remaining employed. However, workers in occupations with a high probability of automation face an expected probability 6.66% lower to retain their jobs compared to those in low-probability automation occupations. Additionally, individuals with a degree have an 11.21% higher probability of maintaining employment compared to those with only a fundamental education. It is concluded that the estimates reinforce the need for investments in professional qualifications to provide workers with skills aligned with the contemporary agricultural needs. demand Brazil agriculture sector factor 2013 (2013 al 2019 . (2019) employed However 666 6 66 6.66 lowprobability low Additionally 1121 11 21 11.21 education needs 201 (201 (2019 6.6 112 1 2 11.2 20 (20 6. 11. (2 (

Resumo O advento das tecnologias de informação e comunicação pode ocasionar desajustes entre a oferta e a demanda de força de trabalho. Estudos recentes evidenciam que, no Brasil, um dos setores que tendem a ser mais impactados por processos de automação é o setor da agropecuária. O objetivo é investigar os fatores que influenciam a manutenção do emprego no setor agropecuário, introduzindo um fator explicativo inovador: as probabilidades de automação associadas a diferentes ocupações, conforme proposto por Frey & Osborne (2013), e adaptadas ao mercado de trabalho brasileiro por Lima et al. (2019). Na análise, utilizam-se os dados da RAIS de 2019. Os resultados apontam que o tempo de vínculo e a remuneração exercem um impacto positivo na probabilidade de um indivíduo permanecer empregado. No entanto, ocupações com alta probabilidade de automação apresentam uma probabilidade esperada 6,66% menor de manutenção do emprego para os trabalhadores quando comparadas às ocupações de baixa probabilidade de automação. Adicionalmente, indivíduos com graduação apresentam uma probabilidade 11,21% maior de manter o emprego em comparação com aqueles com apenas o ensino fundamental. Conclui-se que as estimativas reforçam a necessidade de investimentos em qualificação profissional para dotar os trabalhadores de habilidades alinhadas às necessidades da agropecuária contemporânea. Brasil agropecuário inovador 2013, 2013 , (2013) al 2019 . (2019) análise utilizamse utilizam se empregado entanto 666 6 66 6,66 Adicionalmente 1121 11 21 11,21 fundamental Concluise Conclui contemporânea 201 (2013 (2019 6,6 112 1 2 11,2 20 (201 6, 11, (20 (2 (

Abstract The utilization of wastewater from livestock farming (WLF) represents a common agricultural practice, but the absence of research on its agronomic impacts hinders its sustainable implementation. This study assesses the reutilization of WLF combined with nitrogen fertilization on the morphological, bromatological, and productivity attributes of a Tifton 85 pasture during the winter season. The study involved the application of different types of water via sprinkler: (I) stream water; (II) mixture of WLF and stream water at a 1:1 ratio; and (III) undiluted WLF combined with mineral nitrogen fertilization (0 and 45 kg N ha-1) administered at the commencement of the regrowth period. Irrigation was applied on a weekly basis, totaling 2,440 m3 ha-1. At 106 days post-regrowth, parameters including forage productivity, height, leaf-stem ratio, leaf area index, nitrogen nutrition index, crude protein content, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and mineral matter content were determined. Mineral fertilization at the prescribed dosage (45 kg N ha-1) did not have any discernible impact on the parameters under investigation. On average, the reuse of WLF raised the productivity from 2.50 to 5.12 t ha-1 and the Crude Protein from 12.35% to 14.58% compared to stream water. The reuse of WLF demonstrated superior outcomes (p < 0.01) in terms of pasture productivity, nutritional quality, and nitrogen accumulation compared to irrigation solely with stream water. The reuse of diluted WLF (1:1) without fertilization proved adequate to sustain Tifton 85 pastures during the winter season in the Brazilian Cerrado region. (WLF practice implementation morphological bromatological 8 sprinkler I (I II (II 11 1 1: ratio III (III 0 ( 4 ha1 ha period basis 2440 2 440 2,44 m ha1. 1. 10 postregrowth, postregrowth post regrowth, post-regrowth height leafstem stem index fiber determined (4 investigation average 250 50 2.5 512 5 12 5.1 ha- 1235 35 12.35 1458 14 58 14.58 p 0.01 001 01 quality (1:1 region 244 44 2,4 25 2. 51 5. 123 3 12.3 145 14.5 0.0 00 (1: 24 2, 12. 14. 0. (1

Resumo A aplicação de águas residuárias da bovinocultura (ARB) é uma prática usual, entretanto, carece de investigação acerca dos seus efeitos agronômicos para subsidiar a sua utilização sustentável. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o reúso da ARB e da adubação mineral nitrogenada sobre os atributos morfológicos, bromatológicos e de produtividade da pastagem de Tifton 85 durante o inverno. Foram avaliados diferentes tipos de água aplicados por aspersão (I - água de córrego, II - ARB e água de córrego em proporção 1:1, e III - ARB) e dois níveis de adubação nitrogenada mineral (0 e 45 kg N ha-1) aplicados no início da rebrota. A irrigação foi semanal e totalizou 2.440 m3 ha-1. Aos 106 dias após a rebrota foram medidas a produtividade da forrageira, altura, razão folha/colmo, índice de área foliar, índice de nutrição de nitrogênio, proteína bruta, fibras insolúveis em detergente ácido, fibras insolúveis em detergente neutro e matéria mineral. A adubação mineral na dose de 45 kg N ha-1 não influenciou as variáveis avaliadas. Em média, o reúso da ARB elevou a produtividade de 2,50 para 5,12 t ha-1 e a proteína bruta de 12,35% para 14,58% comparado com a água de córrego. O reúso da ARB com ou sem diluição proporcionou produtividade, qualidade nutricional e acúmulo de nitrogênio pela pastagem superiores à irrigação com apenas água de córrego (p < 0,01), sendo o reúso com ARB diluída (1:1) e sem adubação é suficiente para sustentar a pastagem de Tifton 85 durante o inverno no Cerrado. (ARB usual entretanto sustentável morfológicos 8 I 11, 11 1 1, 1:1 0 ( 4 ha1 ha 2440 2 440 2.44 m ha1. 1. 10 forrageira altura folhacolmo folha colmo folha/colmo foliar ácido ha- avaliadas média 250 50 2,5 512 5 12 5,1 1235 35 12,35 1458 14 58 14,58 p 0,01, 001 0,01 , 01 0,01) (1:1 Cerrado 1: 244 44 2.4 25 2, 51 5, 123 3 12,3 145 14,5 00 0,0 (1: 24 2. 12, 14, 0, (1

Abstract: The Brazilian Pantanal biome, known for its rich biodiversity and wetlands, is experiencing frequent and destructive fires. Detecting and monitoring burnt areas is vital for comprehending their present ecological condition, a key indicator for climate change and protective measures. Optical remote sensing methods, traditionally used in fire mapping, have limitations due to atmospheric conditions. Microwave Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is a promising alternative, excelling in challenging environments and demonstrating sensitivity to surface properties. This study aimed to assesses the potential of SAR images for detecting burnt areas in a conservation unit inserted in the Brazilian Pantanal after intense fires in 2020. For this, the Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR) index was calculated from Sentinel-2 images before and after fire, and then the difference between these images (dNBR). Differences in backscatter coefficients of pre- and post-fire SAR/Sentinel-1 images in the two polarizations (dVH and dVV) were also calculated. To detect burnt areas, the three differences were classified using the Random Forest algorithm. The results showed adequate coincidence of burned areas between dVH and dVV compared to dNBR and high accuracy values of the algorithm model, indicating consistency between SAR and optical data in identifying burnt areas. Abstract biome wetlands condition measures methods mapping conditions (SAR alternative properties 2020 this NBR (NBR Sentinel2 Sentinel 2 Sentinel- dNBR. . (dNBR) pre postfire post SAR/Sentinel1 SARSentinel1 SARSentinel SAR/Sentinel 1 SAR/Sentinel- model 202 (dNBR Sentinel1 20

Abstract Syringa oblata is an important garden plant whose leaf colour turns from green to red in autumn when air temperature and daylength decrease. This study explored the reasons for leaf reddening by detecting phenotypic characteristics and pigment types and contents. With leaf reddening, luminance L* increased and chrominance a* decreased significantly. Chlorophyll and carotenoid contents significantly decreased in accordance with the distribution change of green pigment in leaf cells. Conversely, the red pigment distribution increased and the total polyphenol, total flavonoid and total anthocyanin contents evidently increased. Anthocyanin accumulation was the important reason for leaf reddening. Of the anthocyanins detected in leaves, cyanidin and delphinidin-3-O-rutinoside contents gradually increased with leaf reddening and were negatively correlated with L*. They were considered key anthocyanins influencing leaf colour. Apigenin and syringic acid were correlated with delphinidin-3-O-rutinoside and cyanidin, and they could be the anthocyanin co-pigments. Cyanidin-3-O-arabinoside and taxifolin were more abundant polyphenols in leaves. In summary, anthocyanin accumulation and chlorophyll degradation occurred along with leaf reddening. Temperature, light, and other co-pigments influenced the anthocyanin and chlorophyll contents. This study provides evidence for applications of S. oblata as a coloured-leaf plant in gardens and as a source of active ingredients in the commercial market. decrease L cells Conversely polyphenol leaves delphinidin3Orutinoside delphinidinOrutinoside delphinidin 3 O rutinoside copigments. copigments co pigments. pigments Cyanidin3Oarabinoside CyanidinOarabinoside Cyanidin arabinoside summary Temperature light S colouredleaf coloured market Orutinoside Oarabinoside