ABSTRACT Aging and face sagging have many causes, and various techniques are used for treatment, including noninvasive procedures, such as focused ultrasound, which uses the principle of collagen regeneration by coagulative necrosis of the dermis layers using radiofrequency, but this procedure has complications. We reported a case of a 54-year-old female patient who complained of poor visual acuity in her right eye three days after a focused ultrasound facial aesthetic procedure, with the best visual acuity of 20/60. Biomicroscopy of the right eye revealed an acute cataract with three points of fibrosis extending from the posterior to the anterior capsule. The patient underwent phacoemulsification surgery with visual rehabilitation and improved vision of 20/20. We hypothesized that the occurrence of acute cataract was related to the inappropriate use of focused ultrasound. causes treatment procedures radiofrequency complications 54yearold yearold 54 year old 2060 20 60 20/60 capsule 2020 20/20 5 206 2 6 20/6 202 20/2 20/

ABSTRACT Currently with a more demanding market, is necessary to produce better and high physiological quality cultivars of soybeans. In front of this new challenge, our objective was to evaluate the physiological quality of 11 soybean cultivars: CD201, SYN1263, SYN1279, BMX, UFLA1, CA115, CD215, CD202, Conquista, Savana, and BRS820 storage for 12 months. Evaluations were conducted through physiological like germination and vigor (accelerated aging and controlled deterioration) and isoenzymes analysis. The seeds were stored under controlled conditions at 10 °C and 10% relative humidity. It was assessed every four months (0, 4, 8, and 12). 200 seeds per treatment were used for each test, divided into 4 replications of 50 seeds. The number of normal plants was evaluated on the fifth and seventh days, expressed as a percentage value. Isoenzyme analysis of MDH, ADH, Esterase, and Catalase was made. The results were interpreted from the presence or absence of bands in the gel. An experimental design in randomized complete blocks, interpreting data using analysis of variance in a factorial scheme 11 x 4 (11 cultivars and 4 times of storage and averages compared by the test Scott-Knott 5% of probability and regression analysis. The statistical program used was Sisvar®. We found that cultivars Savana and Conquista showed low physiological quality, and the cultivars CD 215 and BMX showed high physiological quality during storage. market soybeans challenge 1 CD201 SYN1263 SYN SYN1279 UFLA1 UFLA CA115 CA CD215 CD202 BRS BRS82 accelerated deterioration C humidity 0, 0 (0 8 12. . 12) 20 5 days value MDH ADH Esterase made gel blocks (1 ScottKnott Scott Knott Sisvar Sisvar® 21 CD20 SYN126 SYN127 CA11 CD21 BRS8 ( 2 CD2 SYN12 CA1 SYN1

Abstract In order to widen the application fields of thermosetting composites, this research aims to identify the bioresins and biofibers more resistant to weathering, enabling their use outdoors. Data were collected from experimental research on composites made from synthetic or plant-derived matrix with plant or hybrid fibers, and using various molding processes, reinforcement geometries, alignment and treatment of fibers and fiber/matrix fractions. The investigation searched for researches that studied the composites tensile and flexural strengths; their water absorption in 24 hours of immersion and until saturation; and their retention of mechanical strength after aging. The effect of matrix and fiber types and their fractions on these properties was studied. Results indicate that composites with plant-derived matrix absorb less water in 24h, and that composites with flax, sisal or hemp have the lowest water absorption at saturation and the greater retention of tensile strength after aging. In other words, apparently these composites are less prone to weathering and thus have potential for outdoor use. However, regardless of the fiber type, as its content increases, the retention of flexural strength of composites decreases, limiting their usage in some applications. outdoors plantderived derived processes geometries fibermatrix strengths 2 aging 24h h flax words However type increases decreases applications

Resumo Buscando ampliar a aplicação dos compósitos termorrígidos, esta pesquisa objetiva identificar as bioresinas e biofibras mais resistentes às intempéries, contribuindopara seu uso externo. Foram levantadas pesquisas experimentais sobre compósitos com matriz sintética ou vegetal e fibras vegetais ou híbridas, com diferentes processos de moldagem, geometrias de reforço, alinhamento e tratamento das fibras e frações fibras/matriz. Buscou-se trabalhos que estudaram as resistências à tração e à flexão; a absorção de água dos compósitos em 24h de imersão e até a saturação; e sua retenção da resistência mecânica após envelhecimento. Investigou-se a influência do tipo de matriz e de fibra e de suas frações nessas propriedades. Resultados indicam que compósitos de matriz vegetal absorvem menos água em 24h, e que compósitos com linho, sisal ou cânhamo possuem a menor absorção de água na saturação e maior retenção da resistência à tração após o envelhecimento. Isto é, aparentemente esses compósitos sofrem menos danos devido às intempéries, possuindo maior potencial para uso externo. Mas, independentemente da fibra, conforme sua quantidade aumenta, diminui a retenção da resistência à flexão dos compósitos, limitando sua aplicação. termorrígidos intempéries externo híbridas moldagem reforço fibrasmatriz fibras/matriz Buscouse Buscou se h envelhecimento Investigouse Investigou propriedades linho é Mas aumenta

Abstract Introduction/objective: The healthy aging process involves changes in neurobiological functions at various levels and is associated with a slight impairment in various cognitive domains, such as executive functions (EF), as well as the enhancement of emotional skills. The objective of this study was to compare the use of emotion regulation (ER) strategies in young adults (YA) and older adults (OA) and explore the association between ER skills and EF between age groups. Method: Participants were 40 YA between 18 and 39 years of age (50% women) and 40 OA > 60 years old (50% women), residents in the Federal District, Brazil. Phonological Verbal Fluency (FAS), semantic and switching (animals and fruits) and action tests were administered, along with the Stroop Test. Results: There was a statistically significant correlation of the Cognitive Reappraisal (CR) strategy and both semantic and switching verbal fluency tests in YA, and between the CR strategy and the FAS test and the Stroop Test in OA. That is, executive performance showed a direct relationship with ER in both groups, with greater use of cognitive reappraisal by older adults. Conclusions: The results of this study highlight the relevance of continuing to investigate the relationship between these abilities and analysing in greater depth their alterations during the aging process.

Resumen Introducción/objetivo: El proceso de envejecimiento saludable implica cambios en las funciones neurobiológicas a varios niveles y se asocia con un ligero deterioro en diversos dominios cognitivos, como las funciones ejecutivas (FE), así como con una mejora de las habilidades emocionales. El objetivo de este estudio es comparar el uso de estrategias de regulación emocional (RE) en jóvenes y adultos mayores y explorar la asociación entre habilidades de RE y FE entre los grupos etarios. Método: Participaron 40 jóvenes entre 18 y 39 años (50 % mujeres) y 40 adultos mayores de > 60 años (50 % mujeres), todos residentes en el Distrito Federal (Brasil). Se administraron las pruebas de Fluidez Verbal Fonológica (FAS), semántica y de cambio (animales y frutas) y de acciones, junto al Test de Stroop. Resultados: Hubo una correlación estadísticamente significativa entre la estrategia de reevaluación cognitiva (RC) y las pruebas de fluidez verbal semántica y de cambio en jóvenes y entre la estrategia de RC y la prueba FAS y el Test Stroop en adultos mayores. Eso es, el desempeño ejecutivo mostró relación directa con la RE en ambos grupos, con mayor uso de la RC por parte de los adultos mayores. Conclusiones: Los resultados de este estudio resaltan la pertinencia de continuar investigando la relación entre estas habilidades y analizar con mayor profundidad sus alteraciones durante la edad adulta y el proceso de envejecimiento.

ABSTRACT The drying process is paramount for maintaining seed quality, where the temperature during this process directly influences germination and vigor, especially for vegetable species harvested with high moisture content. This research aimed to determine and model the drying curves of S. aethiopicum (cultivar Tinguá-verde-claro) seeds at temperatures of 35, 38, 41, and 44 ºC, as well as to evaluate the physiological quality of the seeds after drying. A completely randomized design was used, with four drying temperatures (35, 38, 41, and 44 ºC) and four replicates. Nine mathematical models were fitted using the non-linear regression analysis by the Gauss-Newton method, and the goodness of fit was assessed based on the magnitude of the coefficient of determination (R2), chi-square test (χ2), relative mean error (P), and estimated mean error (SE). Seed quality was evaluated by germination test (G), electrical conductivity (EC), and accelerated aging (AA). The Modified Midilli model best represents the drying curves of S. aethiopicum seeds at the studied temperatures. Seeds with higher germination and vigor, meaning lower electrical conductivity values and higher germination rates after accelerated aging, are achieved through drying at 35 and 38 ºC. vigor content S cultivar Tinguáverdeclaro Tinguá verde claro Tinguá-verde-claro 41 4 ºC used (35 replicates nonlinear non linear GaussNewton Gauss Newton method R2, R2 R , (R2) chisquare chi square χ2, χ2 χ (χ2) P, P (P) SE. SE . (SE) G, G (G) EC, EC (EC) AA. AA (AA) 3 (3 (R2 (χ2 (P (SE (G (EC (AA ( (R (χ

RESUMO O processo de secagem é de suma importância para a manutenção da qualidade das sementes, onde a temperatura de condução deste processo exerce influência direta sobre a germinação e vigor, sobretudo para as espécies olerícolas que são colhidas com alto teor de água. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi determinar e modelar as curvas de secagem de sementes de jiló (cultivar Tinguá-verde-claro) nas temperaturas de 35, 38, 41 e 44 ºC, bem como avaliar a qualidade fisiológica das sementes após a secagem. Foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, sendo quatro temperaturas de secagem (35, 38, 41 e 44 ºC) com quatro repetições. Nove modelos matemáticos foram ajustados por meio de análise de regressão não linear pelo método de Gauss-Newton, e o grau de ajuste foi avaliado com base na magnitude do coeficiente de determinação (R2), teste qui-quadrado (χ2), erro médio relativo (P) e erro médio estimado (SE). A qualidade das sementes foi avaliada pelo teste de germinação (G), condutividade elétrica (CE) e envelhecimento acelerado (EA). O modelo ‘Midilli Modificado’ é o que melhor representa as curvas de secagem das sementes de jiló nas temperaturas estudadas. Sementes com maior germinação e vigor, ou seja, com menores valores de CE e maiores taxas de germinação após EA, são alcançadas através da secagem a 35 e 38 ºC. vigor água cultivar Tinguáverdeclaro Tinguá verde claro Tinguá-verde-claro 4 ºC casualizado (35 repetições GaussNewton, GaussNewton Gauss Newton, Newton Gauss-Newton R2, R2 R , (R2) quiquadrado qui quadrado χ2, χ2 χ (χ2) P (P SE. SE . (SE) G, G (G) (CE EA. EA (EA) Midilli Modificado estudadas seja 3 (3 (R2 (χ2 (SE (G (EA ( (R (χ

SUMMARY: Sarcopenia is a disease characterized by a decline in skeletal muscle mass, strength, and physical performance, leading to a loss of functional capacity. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMM) is one of the most used measurements to detect skeletal muscle mass loss; nevertheless, its assessment is expensive. Under this context, indirect anthropometric measurements include calf circumference (CC) and appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (SMI). However, these measurements may not be very sensitive in older people with different body mass index (BMI). The aim of this study was to determine the influence of BMI on indirect measurements of ASMM in overweight and obese older people. This study included 57 participants aged 60 years and over from the city of Los Angeles, Chile, divided into two groups according to nutritional status, overweight (OW; n=33; Men=8; Women=25; age, 72 ± 6 years; BMI, 27.54 ± 1.54 kg·m-2) and obesity (OB; n=24; Men=5; Women=19; age, 72. ± 6 years; BMI, 33.70 ± 6.22 kg·m-2). The results showed that 36 % of the variations observed in CC measurements are explained by BMI (p<0.05). Conversely, the variations in SMI are not explained by BMI. In conclusion, BMI in older people can affect CC results, but not SMI. These results contribute to the decision-making process regarding the use of SMI as a better method for the indirect measurement of ASMM in overweight and/or obese older individuals.

RESUMEN: La sarcopenia es una enfermedad caracterizada por una disminución de la masa del músculo esquelético, la fuerza y el rendimiento físico, lo que conduce a una pérdida de la capacidad funcional. La masa de músculo esquelético apendicular (ASMM) es una de las mediciones más utilizadas para detectar la pérdida de masa de músculo esquelético; sin embargo, su evaluación es costosa. En este contexto, las mediciones antropométricas indirectas incluyen la circunferencia de la pantorrilla (CC) y el índice de masa del músculo esquelético apendicular (SMI). Sin embargo, estas mediciones pueden no ser muy sensibles en personas mayores con diferentes índices de masa corporal (IMC). El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la influencia del IMC en las mediciones indirectas de ASMM en personas mayores con sobrepeso y obesidad. Este estudio incluyó a 57 participantes de 60 años y más de la ciudad de Los Ángeles, Chile, divididos en dos grupos según estado nutricional, sobrepeso (SP; n=33; Hombres=8; Mujeres=25; edad, 72 ± 6 años; IMC, 27,54 ± 1,54 kg·m-2) y obesidad (OB; n=24; Hombres=5; Mujeres=19; edad, 72 ± 6 años; IMC, 33,70 ± 6,22 kg·m-2). Los resultados mostraron que el 36 % de las variaciones observadas en las mediciones de CC son explicadas por el IMC (p<0,05). Por el contrario, las variaciones del SMI no se explican por el IMC. En conclusión, el IMC en personas mayores puede afectar los resultados del CC, pero no el SMI. Estos resultados contribuyen al proceso de toma de decisiones sobre el uso del SMI como un mejor método para la medición indirecta de ASMM en personas mayores con sobrepeso y/u obesidad.

ABSTRACT Fossil fuels, particularly oil, face sustainability challenges due to depletion and their role in increasing atmospheric CO2 levels, contributing to climate change and impacting global agriculture. Renewable energy sources like solar power offer a viable alternative. This study explores the feasibility of agro-photovoltaic (APV) systems, which integrate solar panels with agricultural land to generate electricity while cultivating crops. Specifically, the impact of APV systems on rice production and quality was investigated. Solar modules with a total capacity of 99.84 kW were installed on a 2580 m2 site, with two module configurations tested. Two rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars, Woonkwang and Saenuri, were transplanted and monitored for growth characteristics, chlorophyll content, and fluorescence, as well as yield and quality. Growth analysis of rice under APV systems showed minimal impact on plant height and tiller numbers, though chlorophyll content analysis indicated delayed leaf aging and extended maturation time. Rice yield decreased due to altered panicle and spikelet numbers. Quality analysis revealed changes in head rice rate and broken rice, stressing optimal harvest timing in APV systems. Shading conditions also affected physicochemical properties and taste profiles. Yields dropped by about 20% under APV systems, but the financial returns from electricity generation significantly outweighed the crop revenue loss. Despite the high initial installation costs and regulatory challenges, APV systems present a promising dual-use approach for enhancing farm income and promoting renewable energy. Continued research and investment are essential for optimizing APV systems and expanding their adoption.

Abstract: Hospitals, as the main entities providing medical services, face the crucial question of how to ensure the fairness and accessibility of medical services in strengthening the construction of integrity ethics. Patient-centered care is the code of conduct for medical services, requiring hospitals to provide high-quality and efficient medical services. This study delves into patients’ experiences, needs, and expectations regarding the construction of integrity ethics in hospitals, aiming to offer guidance and practical pathways for protecting patient rights, promoting reforms in the medical service system, and building trust-based doctor-patient relationships. In the context of an aging population and the goal of achieving universal health coverage, it is essential to allocate medical resources reasonably, ensuring the quality and credibility of medical services. Based on the stance of protecting patient rights, this study analyzes the current state of China’s medical service system and proposes specific measures to improve the quality of medical services and patient satisfaction, striving to provide valuable references for fostering positive interaction between patients and hospitals.

Resumen: Los hospitales, como principales entidades proveedoras de servicios médicos, se enfrentan a un punto crucial: cómo garantizar la equidad y la accesibilidad de los servicios médicos en el fortalecimiento de la construcción de la ética de la integridad. La atención centrada en el paciente es el código de conducta de los servicios médicos, que exige a los hospitales la prestación de servicios médicos eficientes y de alta calidad. Este estudio profundiza en las experiencias, necesidades y expectativas de los pacientes en relación con la construcción de una ética de la integridad en los hospitales, con el objetivo de ofrecer orientación y vías prácticas para proteger sus derechos, promover reformas en el sistema de servicios médicos y construir relaciones médico-paciente basadas en la confianza. En el contexto del envejecimiento de la población y el objetivo de lograr una cobertura sanitaria universal, es esencial asignar los recursos médicos de manera razonable, garantizando la calidad y la credibilidad de los servicios médicos. Partiendo de la postura de proteger los derechos del paciente, este estudio analiza el estado actual del sistema de servicios médicos en China y propone medidas concretas para mejorar su calidad y la satisfacción del paciente, esforzándose por ofrecer referencias para promover una interacción positiva entre pacientes y hospitales.

Resumo: Hospitais, como principais entidades fornecedoras de serviços médicos, enfrentam a questão crucial de como garantir equidade e acessibilidade dos serviços médicos no fortalecimento da construção de integridade ética. Cuidados centrados no paciente é o código de conduta para serviços médicos, requerendo que hospitais forneçam serviços médicos de alta qualidade e eficientes.Esse estudo investiga as experiências, necessidades e expectativas dos pacientes a respeito da construção de integridade ética nos hospitais, visando oferecer diretrizes e caminhos práticos para a proteção dos direitos dos pacientes, promovendo reformas no sistema de serviços médicos e construindo relações médico-paciente baseadas na confiança. No contexto do envelhecimento da população e do objetivo de alcançar cobertura universal da saúde, é essencial alocar recursos médicos de forma satisfatória, garantindo a qualidade e credibilidade dos serviços médicos. Baseado na orientação de proteger os direitos dos pacientes, esse estudo analisa o estado atual do sistema de serviços médicos da China e propõe medidas específicas para melhorar a qualidade dos serviços médicos e a satisfação dos pacientes, aspirando fornecer referências valiosas para promover uma interação positiva entre pacientes e hospitais.

Abstract: This research analyzes the labor market transitions of people aged 55 and older in Mexico, focusing on their transition from non-availability to full-time employment, part-time employment or availability, and differentiating between women and men. It estimates multi-state models that show the onset of active aging as reflected in the transition of women to part-time employment and men to full-time employment. One explanatory factor is that unpaid domestic work reduces women’s opportunities to transition to part-time employment.

Resumen: Esta investigación analiza las transiciones laborales de la población de 55 años o más edad en México, centrándose en su paso desde la no disponibilidad hacia el empleo de tiempo completo, el empleo de tiempo parcial o la disponibilidad, y diferenciando entre mujeres y hombres. Para ello, se estiman modelos multiestado que muestran un envejecimiento activo incipiente, reflejado en la transición femenina al empleo de tiempo parcial y la transición masculina al empleo de tiempo completo. Un factor explicativo destaca que el trabajo doméstico no remunerado reduce las posibilidades de las mujeres de transitar al empleo de tiempo parcial.

Abstract Introduction In clinical practice, patients with the same degree and configuration of hearing loss, or even with normal audiometric thresholds, present substantially different performances in terms of speech perception. This probably happens because other factors, in addition to auditory sensitivity, interfere with speech perception. Thus, studies are needed to investigate the performance of listeners in unfavorable listening conditions to identify the processes that interfere in the speech perception of these subjects. Objective To verify the influence of age, temporal processing, and working memory on speech recognition in noise. Methods Thirty-eight adult and elderly individuals with normal hearing thresholds participated in the study. Participants were divided into two groups: The adult group (G1), composed of 10 individuals aged 21 to 33 years, and the elderly group (G2), with 28 participants aged 60 to 81 years. They underwent audiological assessment with the Portuguese Sentence List Test, Gaps-in-Noise test, Digit Span Memory test, Running Span Task, Corsi Block-Tapping test, and Visual Pattern test. Results The Running Span Task score proved to be a statistically significant predictor of the listening-in-noise variable. This result showed that the difference in performance between groups G1 and G2 in relation to listening in noise is due not only to aging, but also to changes in working memory. Conclusion The study showed that working memory is a predictor of listening performance in noise in individuals with normal hearing, and that this task can provide important information for investigation in individuals who have difficulty hearing in unfavorable environments. practice loss factors sensitivity Thus subjects age processing Thirtyeight Thirty eight G1, G , (G1) 1 2 3 years G2, (G2) 6 8 Test GapsinNoise Gaps Noise test BlockTapping Block Tapping listeninginnoise variable aging environments (G1 (G2 (G

Abstract This article shares a reflection on the complementarity of the use of Photo-provocation and the Methodology of Narrative Productions (MPN) applied in a virtual context in the field of studies of old age and social exclusion. First, it describes the discrimination that affects older people and older women, exacerbated by the use of methodological strategies that generally infantilize and dismiss the agency of the older population in the processes of intervention and research. Second, a research experience with older women activists in Chile conducted between 2018 and 2022 is presented. It is exposed how the research was adapted to a virtual design and develops the use of MPN and Photo-provocation, as strategies that when used together contribute to remote work with older women. This work offers an empirical description and a theoretical-methodological reflection of this research experience. The final considerations discuss the contribution of the narrative-visual scaffolding to the production of scientific knowledge in the area of aging, its contributions to the recognition of the agency of older women and their visibility as subjects of knowledge. The ethical-political commitment to which these methodologies are ascribed, characterized by facilitating proximity to the participants, critical analysis of the problems that affect them and the search for collective solutions based on the recognition of their experiences. Likewise, its potential to confront the ageism entrenched in traditional scientific production.

Resúmen Este artículo comparte una reflexión sobre la complementariedad del uso de la Foto-provocación y la Metodología de las Producciones Narrativas (MPN) aplicadas en contexto virtual en el campo de los estudios de vejez y exclusión social. En primer lugar, se describe la discriminación que afecta a las personas mayores y a las mujeres mayores en particular, agudizada mediante el uso de estrategias metodológicas que por lo general infantilizan y desestiman la agencia de la población mayor en los procesos de intervención e investigación. En segundo lugar, se presenta una experiencia de investigación con mujeres mayores activistas en Chile realizada entre el 2018 y 2022. Se expone como se adaptó la investigación a un diseño virtual y se desarrolla la utilización de la MPN y la Foto-provocación, como estrategias que al ser utilizadas conjuntamente contribuyen al trabajo remoto con mujeres mayores. Este trabajo, ofrece una descripción empírica y una reflexión teórico-metodológica de esta experiencia investigativa. En las consideraciones finales se discute la contribución del andamiaje narrativo-visual a la producción de conocimiento científico en el área del envejecimiento, sus aportes al reconocimiento de la agencialidad de las mujeres mayores y su visibilidad como sujetas de conocimiento. Se distingue el compromiso ético-político al que se adscriben estas metodologías, caracterizado por facilitar la proximidad con los participantes, el análisis crítico frente a las problemáticas que les afectan y la búsqueda de soluciones colectivas en base al reconocimiento de sus experiencias. Asimismo, su potencial para confrontar el edadismo enquistado en la producción científica tradicional.

Resumen Las mujeres que proveen cuidados al interior de las familias no constituyen un grupo homogéneo. Sobre ellas recae una gran proporción de la carga mental y física de la vida diaria, incluso cuando su avanzada edad las coloca en condiciones de mayor vulnerabilidad. Aunque presentan una esperanza de vida mayor a los hombres, las condiciones en las que cursan su propia vejez son inciertas. En este sentido, el presente trabajo cualitativo, adherido a un marco interpretativo, a través de entrevistas a profundidad y observaciones participantes, pretende visibilizar la historia de tres mujeres, ahora mayores, que estuvieron a cargo de cuidar de familiares con enfermedades crónico degenerativas en Mérida, Yucatán, y cómo este trabajo ha impactado en su proceso de envejecimiento y en su vida. Lo anterior permite la creación de narrativas que anticipan designaciones desiguales, tensiones y costos invisibles para aquellas que, mientras envejecían, se dedicaban a sostener a otros (as).

Abstract Women who provide care within families do not make up a homogeneous group. A large proportion of the physical and mental burden of daily life falls on them, even puts them in more vulnerable positions. Although they have a longer life expectancy than men, the conditions in which they live their own old age are uncertain. In this sense, the present qualitative work, which adheres to an interpretative framework through in-depth interviews and participant observations, aims to make visible the story of three elderly women who took on the responsibility to care for family members with chronic degenerative diseases in Mérida, Yucatán, and how this work has impacted their lives and aging processes. This allows the creation of narratives that anticipate unequal designations, tensions and the unseen costs for those who, while getting older, dedicated their lives to sustaining others.

Resumen Las metástasis en la glándula tiroides a partir de tu mores malignos no tiroideos son raras pero significativas. A menudo son asintomáticas, lo que indica tumores primarios en etapas avanzadas y un mal pronóstico. Aunque infrecuentemente, el cáncer de mama puede metastatizar en la glándula tiroides. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 56 años con antecedente de cáncer de mama que consultó por bocio nodular. El examen físico y las imágenes revelaron un nódulo tiroideo y ganglios linfáticos cervicales con características sospechosas. La punción aspiración con aguja fina confirmó la presencia de células epiteliales atípicas en el nódulo tiroideo y los ganglios linfáticos. Una evaluación adicional, que incluyó tomografía por emisión de positrones, biopsia histológica e inmunohistoquímica, respaldó el diagnóstico de cáncer de mama metastásico en la glándula tiroides. Debido a la extensión local de la enfermedad, no fue factible realizar una tiroidectomía total. Se inició el tratamiento con ri bociclib y letrozol, pero desafortunadamente la paciente tuvo una progresión desfavorable con el desarrollo de metástasis en el sistema nervioso. El carcinoma metas tásico en la glándula tiroides es raro, pero ha aumentado debido a las técnicas de diagnóstico mejoradas. El cáncer de mama puede metastatizar en la tiroides. El diagnóstico implica imágenes, punción aspiración con aguja fina e in munohistoquímica. Las opciones de tratamiento incluyen cirugía, radioterapia y quimioterapia, pero el pronóstico generalmente es desfavorable.

Abstract Metastases to the thyroid gland from nonthyroidal malignant tumors are rare but significant. They are often asymptomatic, indicating advanced-stage primary tumors and poor prognosis. Although infrequently, breast cancer (BC) can metastasize to the thyroid gland. We present the case of a 56-year-old woman with a history of BC who pre sented with a nodular goiter. Physical examination and im aging revealed a thyroid nodule and cervical lymph nodes with suspicious features. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) confirmed the presence of atypical epithelial cells in the thyroid nodule and lymph nodes. Further evaluation, including positron emission tomography, histological biop sy, and immunohistochemistry, supported the diagnosis of metastatic BC to the thyroid gland. Due to the local extent of the disease, total thyroidectomy was not feasible. The treatment with ribociclib and letrozole was initiated, but unfortunately, the patient had an unfavorable progression with the development of metastasis in the nervous system. Metastatic carcinoma to the thyroid gland is rare but has increased due to improved diagnostic techniques. BC can metastasize to the thyroid. Diagnosis involves imaging, FNAB, and immunohistochemistry. Treatment options include surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, but the prognosis is generally poor.

RESUMEN: El envejecimiento es un proceso biológico inevitable que afecta la función de todos los órganos, incluida la glándula suprarrenal, fundamental para la producción de hormonas esteroides que regulan el metabolismo, la respuesta al estrés y la activación inmunológica. Comprender cómo el envejecimiento afecta la morfología de esta glándula es crucial para desarrollar intervenciones que mitiguen sus efectos adversos. Así, el objetivo de este estudio fue describir las alteraciones morfocuantitativas de la glándula suprarrenal en ratas Sprague Dawley senescentes comparadas con ratas adultas. Se utilizaron 12 ratas macho, divididas en dos grupos: 6 ratas adultas de 6 meses de edad (grupo A) y 6 ratas senescentes de 36 meses de edad (grupo S). Se realizaron estudios histopatológicos, cuantificación de fibras de colágeno tipos I y III y análisis estereológicos para determinar la densidad de volumen (Vv), de superficie (Sv) y de número (Nv) de los núcleos de las células de la zona fasciculada. El tejido de la glándula suprarrenal del grupo S presentó displasia, metaplasia, acumulación de grasa intracelular, fibrosis, dilatación de vasos sanguíneos y mayor presencia de células apoptósicas. También se observó un engrosamiento de la cápsula y un incremento del colágeno tipo I. Hubo una disminución significativa en Vv, Sv y Nv de los núcleos de la zona fasciculada en el grupo S en comparación con el grupo A. Los resultados indican que el envejecimiento induce cambios morfocuantitativos significativos en la glándula suprarrenal, lo que podría contribuir a la disminución en la producción de glucocorticoides y alteraciones en la secreción de aldosterona y cortisol observadas en la senescencia. Comprender estas alteraciones es crucial para desarrollar intervenciones que mitiguen los efectos adversos del envejecimiento en el sistema endocrino.

SUMMARY: Aging is an inevitable biological process that affects the function of all organs, including the adrenal gland, which is essential for producing steroid hormones that regulate metabolism, stress response, and immune activation. Understanding how aging affects the morphology of this gland is crucial to developing interventions to mitigate its adverse effects. Thus, this study aimed to describe the morphoquantitative alterations of the adrenal gland in senescent Sprague Dawley rats compared to adult rats. Twelve male rats were divided into 6 adult rats aged 6 months (group A) and 6 senescent rats aged 36 months (group S). Histopathological studies, quantification of collagen fibers types I and III, and stereological analysis were performed to determine the volume density (Vv), surface area (Sv), and number (Nv) of the nuclei of the zona fasciculata cells. Adrenal gland tissue from group S presented dysplasia, metaplasia, intracellular fat accumulation, fibrosis, blood vessel dilation, and increased presence of apoptotic cells. Capsule thickening and increased collagen type I were also observed. There was a significant decrease in Vv, Sv, and Nv of zona fasciculata nuclei in group S compared to group A. The results indicate that aging induces significant morphoquantitative changes in the adrenal gland, which could contribute to the decrease in glucocorticoid production and alterations in aldosterone and cortisol secretion observed in senescence. Understanding these alterations is crucial to developing interventions that mitigate the adverse effects of aging on the endocrine system.

Resumen Establecer la prevalencia de lesiones de la mucosa oral y variaciones de lo normal en una población de adultos mayores. Estudio observacional en 156 participantes de Los Guido (San José, Costa Rica) del 2015 a 2016. Se evaluaron y analizaron de forma descriptiva y cualitativa información sociodemográfica, factores de riesgo, comorbilidad y exploración clínica. Los hallazgos en mucosa oral afectaron preferentemente a las mujeres (n=111; 71%), el rango de edad entre 60 y 69 años (n=65; 42%) y con el tabaco como factor de riesgo (n=67; 43%) e hipertensión arterial (n=101; 65%). Los hallazgos intraorales se presentaron preferentemente de forma conjunta variaciones de lo normal y patologías (n=71; 46%), predominantemente una variación de lo normal (n=67; 33%) y una patología (n=51; 43%). Las variaciones de lo normal más prevalentes fueron lengua saburral, várices linguales y amígdalas criptodónticas. Las enfermedades infecciosas (n=33; 21%), los desórdenes potencialmente malignos (n=30; 19 %) e injurias físicas y químicas (n=18; 12%) fueron los grupos más prevalentes. Las cuatro lesiones más predominantes fueron estomatitis protésica, queilitis actínica, queratosis friccional y glositis atrófica. No hubo diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p=0.392) al comparar la proporción de frecuencia por sexo. Las variaciones de la anatomía normal predominaron; siendo en forma individual la lengua saburral la más frecuente; de las patologías destacaron las enfermedades infecciosas principalmente la estomatitis protésica. Existe poca información en esta área en Costa Rica, es importante generar más estudios que permitan contribuir con la salud oral de la población adulta mayor.

Abstract To establish the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions and normal variations in a population of older adults. This observational study was conducted from 2015 to 2016 and involved 156 participants from Los Guido (San José, Costa Rica). The participants’ sociodemographic information, risk factors, comorbidity, and clinical examination were evaluated and analyzed descriptively and qualitatively. Findings in oral mucosa were found to preferentially affect women (n=111; 71%) and individuals between the ages of 60 and 69 years (n=65; 42%), having smoking as a risk factor (n=67; 43%), and suffering from arterial hypertension (n=101; 65%). Intraoral findings were mainly presented together with variations from normal and pathology (n=71; 46%), predominantly one variation from normal (n=67; 33%) and one pathology (n=51; 43%). The most prevalent normal variations were the saburral tongue, lingual varicose veins, and cryptic tonsils. Infectious diseases (n=33; 21%), potentially malignant disorders (n=30; 19%), and physical and chemical injuries (n=18; 12%) were the most prevalent groups. The four most predominant lesions were prosthetic stomatitis, actinic cheilitis, frictional keratosis, and atrophic glossitis. The differences in pathological groups were not statistically significant (p=0.392) when comparing the frequency ratio by sex. Variations of the normal anatomy are the predominant ones, the saburral tongue being the most prevalent individually; among the pathologies, the most remarkable group was the infectious diseases, and prosthetic stomatitis was the most frequent. The information about this subject in Costa Rica is limited. So it is important to conduct more studies that contribute to the oral health of the elderly population in this area.