Abstract Purpose: To analyze the role of the community assembly as a determining instrument to exercise governance in local indigenous politics, because the various disputes between political factions erode the social fabric and increase the inequality gap. Methodological design: A qualitative, ethnographic study in the municipality of San Luis Amatlán, Oaxaca. Fifteen in-depth interviews were carried out with authorities throughout the municipality and with the adult population. The analysis was done with the analytical categories of governance in the Internal Regulatory Systems, in addition to the participants’ opinion on the performance of the municipal administrator. Results: It was found that the recovery of the municipal community assembly, as well as the assemblies in agencies and rancherías caused greater trust among the participants, together with an increase in the possibility of tracing a joint route to recover local governance through the election of the municipal council. Limitations of the study: Although the ethnographic approach sought to give voice to multiple community actors and social sectors, the research had a greater relationship with the authorities because they coexist more closely with the resource administration processes and their oversight. Findings: The community assembly is a fundamental element of the Internal Regulatory Systems which are consistent with the local customs and habits. The function of the assembly is not only to build consensus, it also acts as a means of control and administrative surveillance. Also, there is persistent conflict derived from the institutional design of indigenous municipalities, which have forms of resolution in their uses and customs such as the assembly, which is a space to address problems directly and without intermediaries.

Resumen Objetivo: Analizar el rol de la asamblea comunitaria como instrumento determinante para ejercer gobernanza en la política local indígena, ya que las diversas disputas entre facciones políticas erosionan el tejido social e incrementan la brecha de desigualdad. Diseño metodológico: Es de tipo cualitativo con una etnografía en el municipio de San Luis Amatlán, Oaxaca. Se realizaron 15 entrevistas a profundidad con autoridades en todo el municipio y con población adulta. El análisis se hizo con las categorías analíticas de gobernanza en los Sistemas Normativos Internos, además de la opinión sobre la figura de administrador municipal. Resultados: Se constató que la recuperación de la asamblea comunitaria municipal, así como las asambleas en agencias y rancherías, provocó mayor confianza entre las partes y la posibilidad de trazar una ruta conjunta para recobrar la gobernanza local a través de la elección del cabildo municipal. Limitaciones del estudio: Aunque la etnografía buscó dar voz a múltiples actores y sectores sociales comunitarios, la investigación tuvo mayor relación con las personas autoridades ya que éstas conviven con mayor cercanía con los procesos de administración de los recursos y su contraloría. Hallazgos: La asamblea comunitaria es un elemento fundamental en los Sistemas Normativos Internos, los cuales están insertos en los usos y costumbres indígenas y su función no sólo es construir consensos, sino que además actúa como medio de contraloría y vigilancia administrativa. También existe persistente conflictividad derivada del diseño institucional de los municipios indígenas, los cuales tienen formas de resolución en sus usos y costumbres como la asamblea, la cual es un espacio para abordar problemas de forma directa y sin intermediarios.

Abstract As a result of COVID-19, new dynamics emerged in many urban systems, including the acquisition and distribution of food. The pandemic revealed vulnerabilities in the functioning of facilities and intensified problems such as informality, insecurity, and immigration. In order to contribute to the identification and characterization of these dynamics within food markets, a case study methodology was adopted for this article using mixed techniques - a quantitative approach using a survey and a qualitative approach featuring a focus group. Both methods were applied in the San Roque market in the Metropolitan District of Quito, an iconic food market and distribution facility. The results highlight new commercial dynamics and preferences, as in recent years informal trade and the presence of supermarket chains have proliferated; new logistic means have been created; and wholesale trade has intensified. In addition, the pandemic accentuated the vulnerability of the market at the administrative level and the precariousness of some informal jobs, in turn, accelerated changes among traders. It is concluded that these dynamics merit new conceptual, organizational, and spatial approaches in architectural and urban terms, as well as different policies that favor the sustainable management of markets.

Resumen A raíz de la covid-19 se dieron nuevas dinámicas en muchos sistemas urbanos entre las que destaca la de adquisición y distribución de alimentos. La pandemia mostró la vulnerabilidad en el funcionamiento de equipamientos e intensificó problemáticas como la informalidad, la inseguridad y la inmigración. Con el objetivo de aportar a la identificación y caracterización de estas dinámicas dentro de los mercados de alimentos, para el presente artículo se adoptó una metodología de caso de estudio con técnicas mixtas: cuantitativas por medio de una encuesta y cualitativas a partir de un grupo focal. Ambas técnicas se aplicaron en el mercado San Roque en el Distrito Metropolitano de Quito, equipamiento icónico en cuanto a la comercialización y distribución de alimentos. En los resultados sobresalen las nuevas dinámicas y preferencias comerciales, ya que en los últimos años han proliferado el comercio informal y la presencia de cadenas de supermercados, se han creado nuevos medios logísticos y se ha intensificado el comercio mayorista. Además, la pandemia acentuó la vulnerabilidad del mercado a nivel administrativo y la precarización de algunos trabajos informales, a su vez, aceleró un cambio entre el grupo de comerciantes. Se concluye que estas dinámicas ameritan nuevas aproximaciones conceptuales, organizativas y espaciales a escala arquitectónica y urbana, y también distintas políticas que favorezcan la gestión sostenible de los mercados.

Resumen El trabajo tiene por objetivo reflexionar sobre la participación ciudadana y sus realizaciones a partir de las reformas administrativas y constitucionales experimentadas en las décadas de los años ochenta y noventa en Venezuela y Colombia. Metodológicamente se hace una revisión documental para establecer la relación entre la participación ciudadana como pilar de las reformas administrativas-constitucionales y sus realizaciones tendientes a repolitizar la ciudadanía, o que pretenden un orden político más democrático que el modelo de democracia representativa. Se analizan los contextos de los casos de Colombia y Venezuela con el fin de establecer los cambios operados a favor del nuevo orden político. Se analizó información y datos producidos por científicos sociales, así como por organismos públicos e internacionales, dispuestos en sistemas de Open Access. Se concluye que la participación ciudadana muestra un fuerte desarrollo legislativo-formal. Sin embargo, dinámicas de orden político y económico han terminado por establecer barreras para su realización política, convirtiéndose aún en una debilidad destacable del modelo que en principio se funda precisamente en la existencia de una densa y sustentable participación ciudadana.

Abstract The work aims to reflect on citizen participation and its achievements based on the administrative and constitutional reforms experienced in Venezuela and Colombia in the 1980s and 1990s. Methodologically, a documentary review is conducted to establish the relationship between citizen participation as a pillar of administrative/constitutional reforms and their achievements aimed at re-politicizing citizenship or a more democratic political order than the model of representative democracy. The contexts are analyzed in the cases of Colombia and Venezuela to establish the changes favoring the new political order. Besides, information and data produced by social scientists and public and international organizations made available in open-access systems were examined. In brief, citizen participation shows a strong legislative-formal development; however, political and economic dynamics have ended up erecting barriers to its political achievement, becoming even a notable weakness of the model that, in principle, is based precisely on the existence of dense and sustainable citizen participation.

ABSTRACT The modern system of higher education is subject to significant transformation under the influence of digital technologies and their deep penetration into the educational process. The teaching staff of higher education today is subject to significant requirements in terms of digital literacy and skills in the development and application of information systems in the educational process and the methodological development of the educational process organized on their basis.This article focuses on the work of teachers in the digital environment. An important problem is the issue of teachers' adaptation to the dynamically changing digital environment, taking into account the requirements to the level of competence due to the specifics of the digital environment and the already existing level of digital literacy of the teacher. It is noted that in a modern university the teacher is a multifunctional subject performing teaching, methodological, research and administrative tasks, the solution of which is often associated with working in the digital environment of an educational organization. The article presents the results of the study of the digital maturity of an educational organization as a set of organized processes and interrelations between the subjects of the educational process in the totality of technical and technological digital space of the university.The authors proposed a model of "digital maturity of an educational organization", which allows to determine the level of digital development and directions of digital transformation. The method of digital development assessment is proposed, taking into account the digital environment of teachers within the framework of educational, methodological, administrative, research activities.

RESUMEN El sistema moderno de educación superior está sujeto a una transformación significativa bajo la influencia de las tecnologías digitales y su profunda penetración en el proceso educativo. Hoy en día, el personal docente de la enseñanza superior está sujeto a requisitos significativos en términos de alfabetización digital y competencias en el desarrollo y la aplicación de sistemas de información en el proceso educativo y el desarrollo metodológico del proceso educativo organizado sobre su base. Este artículo se centra en el trabajo de los profesores en el entorno digital. Un problema importante es la cuestión de la adaptación de los profesores al entorno digital que cambia dinámicamente, teniendo en cuenta los requisitos al nivel de competencia debido a las especificidades del entorno digital y el nivel ya existente de alfabetización digital del profesor. Se señala que en una universidad moderna el profesor es un sujeto multifuncional que desempeña tareas docentes, metodológicas, de investigación y administrativas, cuya solución suele estar asociada al trabajo en el entorno digital de una organización educativa. El artículo presenta los resultados del estudio de la madurez digital de una organización educativa como conjunto de procesos organizados e interrelaciones entre los sujetos del proceso educativo en la totalidad del espacio digital técnico y tecnológico de la universidad. Los autores propusieron un modelo de "madurez digital de una organización educativa", que permite determinar el nivel de desarrollo digital y las direcciones de la transformación digital. Se propone el método de evaluación del desarrollo digital, teniendo en cuenta el entorno digital de los profesores en el marco de las actividades educativas, metodológicas, administrativas, de investigación.

Resumen: La presente investigación tiene como objetivo determinar los efectos de la consolidación de la corrupción en las políticas públicas municipales en México. Lo anterior se realiza a partir del marco analítico Corruption Consolidation Framework (CCF) (Meza y Pérez-Chiqués, 2020), del cual se definen tres dimensiones: 1) estructura administrativa, 2) transparencia, y 3) controles y contrapesos. La investigación analiza 255 municipios mexicanos a partir de un diseño met odológico cuantitativo que puntualiza la observación comparativa en realidades subnacionales disímiles. Para ello, se crea una base de datos cuya información se obtiene de fuentes primarias y secundarias, como encuestas, repositorios institucionales y censos administrativos, a fin de elaborar diversos índices y medidas objetivas de la realidad municipal. Con ello, se obtiene un análisis robusto que permite concluir con los diversos efectos de la consolidación de corrupción en la calidad de las políticas públicas que caracterizan a los tipos de sistemas políticos subnacionales del país.

Abstract: The general objective of the research is to determine the effects of the consolidation of corruption in municipal public policies in Mexico. This is done based on the Corruption Consolidation Framework (CCF) analytical framework (Meza and Pérez-Chiqués, 2020), which defines three dimensions: 1) administrative structure, 2) transparency, 3) checks and balances. The research observes 255 municipalities based on a quantitative methodological design that points out the comparative observation in dissimilar municipal realities. For this, a database is created whose information is obtained from various sources, such as surveys, institutional repositories and administrative censuses, allowing the development of various indices and objective measures of the municipal reality. With this, a robust analysis is obtained that allows us to conclude with the various effects of the consolidation of corruption on the quality of public policies that characterize the types of subnational political systems.

BACKGROUND. The COVID-19 pandemic had a profound effect on the health sector globally and in South Africa (SA). OBJECTIVE. To review the effects of COVID-19 on maternal, perinatal and reproductive health outcomes and service utilisation in SA. METHODS. Three routine national data collection systems were sourced: the District Health Information System, the Saving Mothers reports of the National Committee on Confidential Enquiry into Maternal Deaths and the Saving Babies reports from the National Perinatal Morbidity and Mortality Committee using data from the Perinatal Problem Identification Program. RESULTS. There were 35% and 8% increases in maternal and stillbirth mortality rates, respectively, in 2020 and 2021, which correlated with the COVID-19 waves. However, in 2022, rates returned to pre-COVID levels. Antenatal visits and facility births showed little change, but there was a shift to more rural provinces. The use of oral and injectable contraceptives and termination of pregnancy services decreased markedly in 2020 and 2021, with a sustained shift to long-acting reversible contraceptives. The increase in maternal deaths was predominantly due to COVID-19 respiratory complications, but also an increase in obstetric haemorrhage. Stillbirths increased significantly (10%) for birthweights between 2 000 g and 2 499 g, categorised mostly as unexplained stillbirths or preterm labour, but no increase in neonatal deaths was observed. Administrative avoidable factors increased by 24% in the 2020 - 2022 triennium, but there was no increase in patient/community level or healthcare provider-related avoidable factors during the pandemic years. CONCLUSION. COVID-19 caused a marked increase in maternal death and stillbirth rates in 2020 and 2021 due to both direct effects of the virus and indirect effects on functioning of the health system. The continued, although modified, health-seeking behaviour of women and the rapid return to pre-COVID-19 mortality rates demonstrates enormous resilience in women and the health system.

The study reported on here was intended to reveal the existence and direction of education democracy in Indonesia with regard to the regulations, the implementation models, problems, and future prospects. The data were obtained from various written materials of official government policy records, namely, laws, ministerial regulations, curriculum implementation guidebooks, discourses and policy criticisms on the implementation of education democracy in Indonesia published in mass media, articles and research journals. The data were analysed using philosophical-dialogical analysis. The findings indicate that in terms of practice, the regulations related to education democracy in the form of education autonomy still could not be implemented properly because of several constraints such as a lack of teachers' professionalism, poor and less effective management of education and learning systems which are not in line with the administrative prerequisites and principles and spirit of education autonomy. Moreover, through its policies, the government still controlled education nationally resulting in autonomy that should provide maximum freedom to the community to manage education is being eroded, which limits the autonomy of education.

Given South Africa's historical and contemporary realities of both internal mobility and migration from other countries, this paper argues that engaging with space, place, and migration is pivotal to understanding and strengthening public health-care provision in South Africa. This paper views place as emerging from and relating to space. A mutually reinforcing and reciprocal relationship between people and place over time shapes health-care delivery and health outcomes in South Africa. Therefore, this paper argues that engaging with a place-based approach is required to understand the local context in which diverse groups are situated. There is, however, a lacuna in studies situating South(ern) African public health-care challenges within such a place-based approach. This paper presents findings from a mixed-methods study that was designed to fill this gap. The research team conducted fieldwork in six health-care facilities across two provinces in South Africa - four in Gauteng and two in the Vhembe district of Limpopo province - representing urban, peri-urban, and rural settings. The study included exploratory in-depth interviews with 77 health-care providers (including nursing and administrative staff), a survey conducted with 229 health-care users, and site visits. The findings show how diverse spaces shape and are shaped by different migrant profiles, producing diverse places, which in turn present particular demands to the public-health system. It is crucial to understand the pathways, behaviors, and meanings associated with such mobility if we are to strengthen the provision of healthcare services in South Africa.

RESUMEN La labor directiva se asume, en la mayoría de los casos, tomando en consideración el desempeño y experiencia como docente. En el estudio se analizan los elementos de formación e identidad profesional para la dirección escolar en los directivos del cantón manta. La investigación tiene un enfoque mixto, ya que se empleó dos instrumentos, el primero basado en una encuesta enfocado de las dimensiones de gestión (administrativa, pedagógica, habilidades directivas y comunicacionales) que permitió obtener una valoración cuantitativa de los roles de dirección escolar y, el segundo, una entrevista dirigidos a los directivos seleccionados sobre la perspectiva en cuanto a su identidad profesional para el ejercicio directivo. Participaron 16 directivos seleccionados con base a criterios específicos establecidos, entre los resultados más significativos se demostró que el 62,5% tiene formación a nivel de posgrado en temas de gestión y dirección de centros educativos y de los cuales un 37,5% tiene más de 4 años de experiencia como directivo educativo. Dentro del análisis inductivo de la entrevista emergen categorías como formación para la dirección escolar, identidad para la dirección escolar y liderazgo para la dirección escolar. La formación de directivos sigue siendo un reto de poder constituir dentro de la política pública en educación tanto en Ecuador como en varios sistemas educativos de la región.

ABSTRACT The managerial work is assumed, in most cases, taking into consideration the performance and experience as a teacher. The study analyzes the elements of training and professional identity for school management in the managers of the manta canton. The research has a mixed approach, since two instruments were used, the first based on a survey focused on the management dimensions (administrative, pedagogical, managerial and communication skills) that allowed obtaining a quantitative assessment of the school management roles and, the second, an interview directed at the selected managers about the perspective regarding their professional identity for the managerial exercise. 16 managers selected based on specific established criteria participated, among the most significant results it was shown that 62.5% have postgraduate level training in management and direction of educational centers and of which 37.5% have more 4 years of experience as an educational manager. Within the inductive analysis of the interview, categories emerge such as training for school management, identity for school management and leadership for school management. The training of managers continues to be a challenge to be able to constitute within public policy in education both in Ecuador and in various educational systems in the region.

Resumen Introducción: A nivel mundial el cáncer de mama representa aproximadamente el 24,5 % de los casos nuevos de cáncer en mujeres. Afecta los componentes físico, psicológico y emocional, impacta el desempeño laboral y el rol familiar y social. Objetivo: Describir los perfiles ocupacionales previo al diagnóstico de cáncer de mama en mujeres residentes permanentes del municipio de Medellín - Colombia. Metodología: Estudio con enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo observacional, descriptivo. Se incluyeron 254 mujeres diagnosticadas con cáncer de mama invasivo y primario en los años 2020 y 2021, atendidas en cinco instituciones de salud del municipio de Medellín. Se realizó análisis univariado para describir las características sociodemográficas y ocupacionales de la población y análisis de correspondencias múltiples para identificar los perfiles ocupacionales. Resultados: Se identificó que antes del diagnóstico, el mayor porcentaje de las participantes eran amas de casa (41,7 %), seguido por trabajadoras de áreas administrativas y afines como abogadas e ingenieras electrónicas y de sistemas (13,4 %). En el análisis de correspondencias múltiples, a partir de dos dimensiones que explicaron el 22,5 % de la varianza, se identificaron tres perfiles principales y un cuarto perfil no específico. El 18 % de las participantes se encontraban en el perfil I, representado por mujeres amas de casa y desempleados con bajos ingresos económicos y bajo nivel educativo. Conclusión: El principal perfil ocupacional previo al diagnóstico de las mujeres con cáncer de mama incluidas en el estudio estuvo representado por amas de casa con bajas condiciones económicas y educativas.

Abstract Introduction: Worldwide, breast cancer represents approximately 24.5 % of new cases of cancer in women. It affects the physical, psychological and emotional components, impacts work performance and family and social roles. Objective: To describe the occupational profiles prior to the diagnosis of breast cancer in women permanent residents of Medellín -Colombia. Methodology: Study with a quantitative, observational, descriptive approach. 254 women diagnosed with invasive and primary breast cancer in the years 2020 and 2021, treated in five health institutions in the municipality of Medellín, were included. Univariate analysis was performed to describe the sociodemographic and occupational characteristics of the population and multiple correspondence analysis to identify occupational profiles. Results: Before the diagnosis, the highest percentage of the participants were housewives (41.7 %), followed by workers in administrative and related areas such as lawyers and electronic and systems engineers (13.4 %). In the multiple correspondence analysis, from two dimensions that explained 22.5 % of the variance, three main profiles and a fourth non-specific profile were identified; 18 % of the participants were in profile I, represented by housewives and unemployed women with low income and low educational level. Conclusion: The main occupational profile prior to diagnosis of the women with breast cancer included in the study was represented by housewives with low economic and educational conditions.

RESUMEN Organizaciones internacionales especializadas debaten permanente sobre la museología. Estas instituciones suelen elaborar recomendaciones que, a pesar de no ser vinculantes, se con sideran normas de soft law, ya que influyen en el derecho interno de los países. No obstante, la influencia del soft law dependerá de cuán permeables sean los sistemas jurídico-administrativos. Por ello, en el presente trabajo se propone analizar la permeabilidad de los países de Latinoamérica y el Caribe a las tendencias globales en torno a los museos a partir de la evaluación de cuatro variables que reconstruyen el grado de implementación de las recomendaciones emanadas de organismos internacionales especializados. Se adopta una metodología de semaforización con una escala de valoración de tres niveles que describe el estado de situación de cada país. Los resultados muestran que los países de la región presentan situaciones muy dispares respecto a la situación de sus museos en el sistema nacional.

ABSTRACT Specialized international organizations discuss museology on an ongoing basis. These institutions usually develop various recommendations that, despite not binding, are considered soft law norms since they influence the generation or modification of the internal law of the countries. However, the influence of these soft law norms will depend on howpermeable the legal- administrative systems are. For this reason, this paper proposes to analyze the permeability of the countries of Latin America and The Caribean to global trends regarding museums based on the evaluation offour variables that reconstruct the degree of implementation of the recommendations issued by specialized international organizations. A traffic light methodology is adopted with a three-level assessment scale that describes the status of each country. The results show that the region’s countries present very different situations regarding the situation of their museums in the national system.

Abstract This ecological study of time trends and multiple groups evaluated incompleteness in the race/colour field of Brazilian health information system records and the related time trend, 2009-2018, for the diseases and disorders most prevalent in the black population. The Romero and Cunha (2006) classification was applied in order to examine incompleteness using secondary data from Brazil’s National Notifiable Diseases System, Hospital Information System and Mortality Information System, by administrative regions of Brazil, while percentage underreporting and time trend were calculated using simple linear regression models with Prais-Winsten correction (p-value<0.05). All records scored poorly except those for mortality from external causes (excellent), tuberculosis (good) and infant mortality (fair). An overall downward trend was observed in percentage incompleteness. Analysis by region found highest mean incompleteness in the North (30.5%), Northeast (33.3%) and Midwest (33.0%) regions. The Southeast and Northeast regions showed the strongest downward trends. The findings intended to increase visibility on the implications of the race/color field for health equity. racecolour race colour 20092018, 20092018 2009 2018, 2018 2009-2018 population 2006 (2006 Brazils Brazil s PraisWinsten Prais Winsten pvalue<0.05. pvalue005 pvalue p value<0.05 . value 0 05 (p-value<0.05) excellent, excellent , (excellent) good (good fair. fair (fair) 30.5%, 305 30.5% 30 5 (30.5%) 33.3% 333 33 3 (33.3% 33.0% 330 (33.0% racecolor color equity 2009201 200 201 2009-201 (200 pvalue<0.05 pvalue00 value005 value<0.0 (p-value<0.05 (excellent (fair 30.5 (30.5% 33.3 (33.3 33.0 (33.0 200920 20 2009-20 (20 pvalue<0.0 pvalue0 value00 value<0. (p-value<0.0 30. (30.5 33. (33. 20092 2 2009-2 (2 pvalue<0. value0 value<0 (p-value<0. (30. (33 2009- ( pvalue<0 value< (p-value<0 (30 (3 pvalue< (p-value< (p-value

Resumo Propõe-se avaliar a incompletude e a tendência temporal do preenchimento do campo raça/cor das doenças e agravos mais prevalentes na população negra nos Sistemas de Informação em Saúde do Brasil, 2009-2018. Trata-se de estudo ecológico de tendência temporal e múltiplos grupos. Foi adotada a classificação de Romero e Cunha (2006) para análise da incompletude e utilizados dados secundários do Sistema Nacional de Agravos de Notificação, Sistema de Informações Hospitalares e Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade do Brasil e regiões brasileiras, calculada a proporção de subnotificação e a tendência temporal, utilizando o modelo de regressão linear simples, com correção Prais-Winsten (p-valor<0,05). Excetuando-se os registros de mortalidade por causas externas (excelente), tuberculose (bom) e mortalidade infantil (regular), todos os registros apresentaram escore ruim. Observou-se tendência decrescente da proporção de incompletude. A análise por região mostrou que as maiores médias de incompletude foram registradas na região Norte (30,5%), Nordeste (33,3%) e Centro-Oeste (33,0%). As regiões Sudeste e Nordeste foram as que mais apresentaram tendência decrescente. Os resultados visam ampliar a visibilidade acerca das implicações do preenchimento do campo raça/cor para a equidade em saúde. Propõese Propõe se raçacor raça cor 20092018. 20092018 2009 2018. 2018 2009-2018 Tratase Trata grupos 2006 (2006 Notificação brasileiras simples PraisWinsten Prais Winsten pvalor<0,05. pvalor005 pvalor p valor<0,05 . valor 0 05 (p-valor<0,05) Excetuandose Excetuando excelente, excelente , (excelente) bom (bom regular, regular (regular) ruim Observouse Observou 30,5%, 305 30,5% 30 5 (30,5%) 33,3% 333 33 3 (33,3% CentroOeste Centro Oeste 33,0%. 330 33,0% (33,0%) saúde 2009201 200 201 2009-201 (200 pvalor<0,05 pvalor00 valor005 valor<0,0 (p-valor<0,05 (excelente (regular 30,5 (30,5% 33,3 (33,3 33,0 (33,0% 200920 20 2009-20 (20 pvalor<0,0 pvalor0 valor00 valor<0, (p-valor<0,0 30, (30,5 33, (33, (33,0 20092 2 2009-2 (2 pvalor<0, valor0 valor<0 (p-valor<0, (30, (33 2009- ( pvalor<0 valor< (p-valor<0 (30 (3 pvalor< (p-valor< (p-valor

Abstract This ecological study of time trends and multiple groups evaluated incompleteness in the race/colour field of Brazilian health information system records and the related time trend, 2009-2018, for the diseases and disorders most prevalent in the black population. The Romero and Cunha (2006) classification was applied in order to examine incompleteness using secondary data from Brazil’s National Notifiable Diseases System, Hospital Information System and Mortality Information System, by administrative regions of Brazil, while percentage underreporting and time trend were calculated using simple linear regression models with Prais-Winsten correction (p-value<0.05). All records scored poorly except those for mortality from external causes (excellent), tuberculosis (good) and infant mortality (fair). An overall downward trend was observed in percentage incompleteness. Analysis by region found highest mean incompleteness in the North (30.5%), Northeast (33.3%) and Midwest (33.0%) regions. The Southeast and Northeast regions showed the strongest downward trends. The findings intended to increase visibility on the implications of the race/color field for health equity.

Resumo Propõe-se avaliar a incompletude e a tendência temporal do preenchimento do campo raça/cor das doenças e agravos mais prevalentes na população negra nos Sistemas de Informação em Saúde do Brasil, 2009-2018. Trata-se de estudo ecológico de tendência temporal e múltiplos grupos. Foi adotada a classificação de Romero e Cunha (2006) para análise da incompletude e utilizados dados secundários do Sistema Nacional de Agravos de Notificação, Sistema de Informações Hospitalares e Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade do Brasil e regiões brasileiras, calculada a proporção de subnotificação e a tendência temporal, utilizando o modelo de regressão linear simples, com correção Prais-Winsten (p-valor<0,05). Excetuando-se os registros de mortalidade por causas externas (excelente), tuberculose (bom) e mortalidade infantil (regular), todos os registros apresentaram escore ruim. Observou-se tendência decrescente da proporção de incompletude. A análise por região mostrou que as maiores médias de incompletude foram registradas na região Norte (30,5%), Nordeste (33,3%) e Centro-Oeste (33,0%). As regiões Sudeste e Nordeste foram as que mais apresentaram tendência decrescente. Os resultados visam ampliar a visibilidade acerca das implicações do preenchimento do campo raça/cor para a equidade em saúde.

ABSTRACT This article analyzes the quality dimension of methodological clarity of the National Registry of Health Establishments (CNES), considering the approach to forms of contracting in the system. This is a documentary research with a qualitative approach, which analyzed the CNES and its documents. Documents that included the following were selected: table of professional relationships and/or forms of hiring. Based on the concept adopted for the dimension of methodological clarity quality, the categories accessibility, content, variables, language, and usability were outlined. In the period from 2005 to 2020, 17 documents were published. Of those, three documents stood out: The version’s Readme, the Domain Table, and the CNES Filling Manual. The CNES website underwent restructuring and not all features were completed. The current website has a more modern and easy-to-understand interface. The change from the administrative sphere variable to the legal nature, in 2015, may make historical series analysis difficult. It is evident that the CNES pays more attention to methodological clarity, considering the approach to the ways of hiring health professionals, included in the system.

RESUMO Este artigo analisa a dimensão de qualidade clareza metodológica do Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos de Saúde (CNES), considerando a abordagem das formas de contratação inseridas no sistema. Trata-se de uma pesquisa documental com abordagem qualitativa, que analisou o CNES e seus documentos. Foram selecionados os documentos que contemplaram os descritores: tabela de vínculos de profissionais e/ou formas de contratação. A partir do conceito adotado para a dimensão de qualidade clareza metodológica, foram delineadas as categorias acessibilidade, conteúdo, variáveis, linguagem e usabilidade. No período de 2005 a 2020, foram publicados 17 documentos. Desses, três documentos se sobressaíram: o Leia-me da versão, a Tabela de Domínios e o Manual de preenchimento do CNES. O site do CNES passava por uma reestruturação, e nem todas as funcionalidades estavam devidamente implementadas. O site atual apresentou uma interface mais moderna e de fácil compreensão. A mudança da variável esfera administrativa para natureza jurídica, em 2015, pode dificultar a análise em série histórica. Evidencia-se que o CNES carece de melhor atenção quanto à clareza metodológica, considerando a abordagem das formas de contratação dos profissionais de saúde, inseridas no sistema.

ABSTRACT This article analyzes the quality dimension of methodological clarity of the National Registry of Health Establishments (CNES), considering the approach to forms of contracting in the system. This is a documentary research with a qualitative approach, which analyzed the CNES and its documents. Documents that included the following were selected: table of professional relationships and/or forms of hiring. Based on the concept adopted for the dimension of methodological clarity quality, the categories accessibility, content, variables, language, and usability were outlined. In the period from 2005 to 2020, 17 documents were published. Of those, three documents stood out: The version’s Readme, the Domain Table, and the CNES Filling Manual. The CNES website underwent restructuring and not all features were completed. The current website has a more modern and easy-to-understand interface. The change from the administrative sphere variable to the legal nature, in 2015, may make historical series analysis difficult. It is evident that the CNES pays more attention to methodological clarity, considering the approach to the ways of hiring health professionals, included in the system. CNES, , (CNES) system selected andor or accessibility content variables language outlined 200 2020 1 published those out versions version s Readme Table Manual completed easytounderstand easy understand interface nature 2015 difficult professionals (CNES 20 202 201 2

RESUMO Este artigo analisa a dimensão de qualidade clareza metodológica do Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos de Saúde (CNES), considerando a abordagem das formas de contratação inseridas no sistema. Trata-se de uma pesquisa documental com abordagem qualitativa, que analisou o CNES e seus documentos. Foram selecionados os documentos que contemplaram os descritores: tabela de vínculos de profissionais e/ou formas de contratação. A partir do conceito adotado para a dimensão de qualidade clareza metodológica, foram delineadas as categorias acessibilidade, conteúdo, variáveis, linguagem e usabilidade. No período de 2005 a 2020, foram publicados 17 documentos. Desses, três documentos se sobressaíram: o Leia-me da versão, a Tabela de Domínios e o Manual de preenchimento do CNES. O site do CNES passava por uma reestruturação, e nem todas as funcionalidades estavam devidamente implementadas. O site atual apresentou uma interface mais moderna e de fácil compreensão. A mudança da variável esfera administrativa para natureza jurídica, em 2015, pode dificultar a análise em série histórica. Evidencia-se que o CNES carece de melhor atenção quanto à clareza metodológica, considerando a abordagem das formas de contratação dos profissionais de saúde, inseridas no sistema. CNES, , (CNES) sistema Tratase Trata qualitativa descritores eou ou acessibilidade conteúdo variáveis usabilidade 200 2020 1 Desses sobressaíram Leiame Leia me versão reestruturação implementadas compreensão jurídica 2015 histórica Evidenciase Evidencia saúde (CNES 20 202 201 2