ABSTRACT This paper addresses the use of cooperative systems in the management of innovative projects and their contribution to increasing the chances of success in the case study of the KC-390 Program, a significant project in the Brazilian aeronautical industry. Based on the administrative theory of cooperative systems, the study focuses on collaboration and trust in innovative projects, using the Technology Readiness Level as a guide for decisions. Complex products and systems require customized approaches due to their complexity and high engineering costs. Innovation in these projects depends on collaboration and trust between the developer and the requester. The methodology used includes applied and qualitative research, exploring bibliographic, documentary, and field research data. The KC-390 case study highlights the partnership between the Brazilian Air Force Command and Empresa Brasileira de Aeronaves (Embraer), evidencing how this relationship has been fundamental for technological development. The paper also explores the dual certification process of the KC-390, where the implementation of a collaborative process in the Conformity Demonstration Planning phase brought innovation to military certification. This innovation broke with the traditional paradigm of certification of aeronautical products in the country and was possible, mainly, due to the relationship of trust between the certifying authority and the integrating company.

BACKGROUND: Effective implementation of vision screening standards at driving licensing testing centres (DLTCs) necessitates adequate administrative and resource management. AIM: To ascertain the perspectives of site managers and driver's licence examiners regarding vision screening standards at DLTCs in Gauteng province, South Africa. SETTING: The study was conducted in Gauteng province, South Africa. METHODS: A qualitative study that utilised interview questionnaires to assess site managers' and driver's licence examiners' perspectives on the vision screening standards at the DLTC sites. RESULTS: A total of 30 participants, comprising 15 site managers and 15 driver's licence examiners, were interviewed from 15 out of 32 randomly selected functional DLTCs in the Gauteng province. The current vision policy and driving practices have remained unchanged since their inception. The vision screening equipment utilised at DLTCs has transitioned from manually operated to automated systems. Nevertheless, frequent machine breakdowns, primarily attributed to inadequate maintenance plans, were among the most frequently reported barriers to efficient vision screening. CONCLUSION: This study highlights the need to review and update vision-related policies and practices for driver licensing in South Africa. This entails establishing a Medical Advisory Board to ensure appropriate vision screening functions for driving and reliable vision screening technology. Specifically, this will include implementing a vision-related examiner's training programme with a certificate of competence, an electronic eye-testing interface, proactive equipment maintenance programmes, improved quality control mechanisms and standardisation of the vision screening process across all DLTCs. CONTRIBUTION: This study identified challenges to the effective implementation of vision screening for driving.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the correlation between the organizational climate, job satisfaction and burnout in the administrative staff of the Daniel Alcides Carrión National University. Methodology: The research was designed as a quantitative study applied with a correlational approach. A cross-sectional non-experimental design was used, since the measurements of the variables were made at a single time. The study population corresponded to a total of430 employees of the Daniel Alcides Carrión National University, which is why a simple random sampling was applied, with a confidence level of 95 % and a margin of error of 5 %, which allowed to determine a sample of 157 employees. For data collection, the survey technique was applied, therefore, three questionnaires were designed as instruments, one for each variable, with a Likert-type response scale. In the case of the Organizational Climate variable, this was based on three dimensions, namely: a) Recognition, b) Teamwork and c) Innovation, which helped to configure a total of 15 items to be evaluated. For the Job Satisfaction variable, it was based on three dimensions, which were: a) Job satisfaction, b) Satisfaction with remuneration and c) Satisfaction with the physical environment, constituting in turn 15 items to be evaluated, while for the Burnout variable, three dimensions were considered: a) Personal exhaustion, b) Depersonalization and c) Demotivation, for a total of 15 items to be evaluated. The questionnaires were subjected to a validity process according to the opinion of experts, who considered that they were suitable in their construction for application, in addition a pilot test was applied with a sample of 85participants, who were not part of the one included in the study, which allowed to determine that these instruments had an internal consistency of Cronbachs Alpha of0.97, 0.95 and 0.89 for the organizational climate, job satisfaction and burnout variables respectively. The data were systematized in an Excel spreadsheet to perform the descriptive statistical analysis, using measures of central tendency to check the frequency and behavior of the variables. Then, the SPSS version 22 program was used to perform inferential statistical calculations. the distribution of the normality of the data was statistically verified using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, since the number of the sample was greater than fifty. For the determination of the correlation between the variables, the Spearman rank correlation coefficient was used, because the sample presented a non-normal distribution. The significance of the correlation was established by a level of p<0.05 for hypothesis testing. Results: The results showed that between the Organizational climate variable and the Recognition dimension there is an average level of satisfaction (61.14 %), 35.67 % showed a high level of satisfaction and 3.19 % a very high level of satisfaction. Between the Organizational climate and the Teamwork dimension, a result of 2.23 was obtained, which indicates a perception that there is good teamwork. Regarding the Organizational climate and Innovation, it was found that 52.23 % of employees almost alwaysfeel stimulated to innovate, 33.12 % always feel motivated to innovate and 14.6 5 % sometimes feel that motivation. With respect to the variable Job Satisfaction and the dimension satisfaction with work, it was obtained that 60.5 % feel indifferent with respect to job satisfaction and 39.5 % are satisfied. For the Satisfaction with Remuneration dimension, 36.4 % of employees feel indifferent about their remuneration, 39.8 % feel satisfied and 13.1 % feel very satisfied with their remuneration. Regarding the dimension Satisfaction with the physical environment, 38.8 % declared themselves indifferent with respect to this dimension, 23.2 %o feel satisfied and 0.8 % of the samplefeel very satisfied with the physical environment. With respect to the Burnout variable and the Personal exhaustion dimension, 47.13 % of the employees presented a high level of personal burnout, 33.12 % revealed to have an average level of burnout and 19.75% showed a very high level of burnout. As for the aspect of Depersonalization, the results showed that the majority represented by 85.35% has a very high level of depersonalization, only 0.64 % presented a high level of depersonalization and 14.01 % presented an average level of depersonalization. As for the Demotivation dimension, it was obtained that 30.57 % of employees showed an average level of demotivation, while 69.43 % of workers showed a high level. Finally, the results revealed a positive and significant correlation (Spearman's Rho = 0.299) between organizational climate and job satisfaction. Likewise, a weak negative correlation (-0.153) was observed between organizational climate and burnout. In relation to the organizational climate and burnout variables, a weak negative correlation was observed with a coefficient of-0.153. While for the variables job satisfaction and burnout, a correlation coefficient of-0.024 was observed very close to zero. Conclusion: There is a positive and significant correlation between organizational climate and job satisfaction, and a negative and significant correlation between organizational climate and burnout, suggesting that a better organizational climate is associated with higher satisfaction and lower burnout in workers. This relationship highlights the importance of promoting a positive and conducive work environment to improve the job satisfaction of administrative staff. The need to focus on recognition as an essential component to promote greater job satisfaction is highlighted, it is also observed that teamwork and innovation are key aspects that contribute to the favorable organizational climate at the university. These conclusions emphasize the importance of implementing policies and practices that promote recognition, teamwork and the promotion of innovation as strategies to improve job satisfaction and prevent burnout in administrative staff. It is also highlighted that at higher levels of organizational climate, lower levels of administrative staff are observed, which is why it is important to create a healthy work environment and support the emotional well-being of employees to prevent job burnout. Ultimately, the relationship between organizational climate, job satisfaction and burnout are a multidimensional dynamic that requires a holistic approach. By continuing to research and apply effective approaches to improving the work climate, organizations can cultivate an environment where employees feel valued, motivated, and able to contribute meaningfully. Doingso will not only benefit the workers and the organization, but also set a higher standardfor well-being in the overall work environment.

ABSTRACT This article addresses Public Beneficence, the name that in Chile received the institutional framework composed of asylums, hospices, hospitals, lazarettos, and other social and health facilities that were created by private charity, since the beginning of the Republic. It focuses on the rethinking and transformations that it began to undergo at the beginning of the 20th century, after the criticism generated by its administrative and economic problems that, given the effects caused by the Social Question, demanded radical changes in its operation. Through this premise, the work focuses on an aspect that that process had, which was the interest in making Beneficence an institutional entity independent of state or private hegemony. However, the analysis will show that political conflicts and the lack of decisions on the matter failed to materialize this intention, until the measures implemented at the end of the 1920s and beginning of the 1930s, by the mandate of Carlos Ibáñez del Campo, consolidated the predominance of the State in the institutions.

RESUMEN El presente artículo aborda a la Beneficencia Pública, nombre que en Chile recibió el andamiaje institucional compuesto por asilos, hospicios, hospitales, lazaretos, y otros recintos sociosanitarios que fueron creados por la caridad privada, desde comienzos de la República. Se enfoca en los replanteamientos y transformaciones que comenzó a vivir a inicios del siglo XX, tras las críticas generadas por sus problemas administrativos y económicos que, ante los efectos de la Cuestión Social, demandaron cambios radicales en su funcionamiento. Mediante esta premisa, el trabajo se centra en un aspecto que tuvo aquel proceso, que fue el interés de hacer de la Beneficencia una institucionalidad independiente a la hegemonía estatal o particular. Sin embargo, el análisis expondrá que los conflictos políticos y la falta de decisiones en la materia no lograron materializar esta intención, y que las medidas implementadas en el final de los 1920’s e inicios de los 1930’s, durante el mandato de Carlos Ibáñez del Campo, consolidaron el predominio del Estado en la institucionalidad.

Resumen El presente documento discute el reto que significa integrar las innovaciones digitales en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en la arquitectura, como un desafío del presente siglo y en la nueva era digital. A través de la narrativa educativa y a partir de lo que informan, dialogan y argumentan tanto las y los estudiantes como las y los docentes, se pretende dar a conocer cómo la era digital viene a transformar el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje del diseño y la arquitectura. Nos interesa comprender el cómo y el por qué la inteligencia artificial (IA), la inteligencia artificial generativa (IAG), el aprendizaje basado en problemas (ABP) y el aprendizaje colaborativo (AC) son conceptos que contribuirán a la innovación del proceso de aprendizaje y enseñanza del diseño y la arquitectura. En este sentido, las instituciones a través de sus diversas áreas administrativas deberán propiciar y proporcionar los medios legales para la privacidad, ética y acceso a la tecnología para favorecer dichos procesos.

Abstract This paper discusses the meaning of digital innovations integration in the teaching-learning process in architecture as a challenge characterizing the present century and the new digital era. The aim is to show how the digital era is transforming the teaching-learning process in design and architecture through the educational narrative based on what both students and teachers report, dialogue and argue. Our concern is to understand the way and the reasons for which artificial intelligence (AI), generative artificial intelligence (GAI), problem-based learning (PBL) and collaborative learning (CL) become concepts contributing to the innovation of the learning-leaching process in design and architecture. In this sense, the diverse institutional administrative areas must promote and provide the legal means for privacy, ethics and access to technology that encourage the above-mentioned processes.

Abstract The research analyzes the variables that influence the strengthening of business and tax culture through knowledge management. Methodologically, it is a study with a qualitative and analytical approach. The study highlights the importance of knowledge management as a catalyst for improving organizational culture and tax compliance in companies. Variables such as effective communication allow the organization to improve tax and administrative management through the individual knowledge of each employee. The acquisition of skills and knowledge through training and education strengthens the resilience of individuals to regulatory changes. Technology, used as a management and process optimization tool, reduces error variability while increasing efficiency and performance. Teamwork in the execution of tasks facilitates more efficient planning and optimal allocation of individual responsibilities. Finally, by implementing a risk management approach, it is possible to exercise greater diligence in the early detection of errors and minimize their impact on the ongoing business development context.

Resumen La investigación analiza las variables que influyen en el fortalecimiento de la cultura empresarial y tributaria a través de la gestión del conocimiento. A nivel metodológico es un estudio con enfoque cualitativo y analítico. El estudio destaca la importancia de la gestión del conocimiento como un catalizador para mejorar la cultura organizacional y el cumplimiento tributario en las empresas. Variables como la comunicación efectiva, permite en la organización el mejoramiento en la gestión tributaria y administrativa por medio del conocimiento individual de cada trabajador; la adquisición de habilidades y conocimientos a través de la formación y capacitación fortalece la resiliencia de los individuos ante las modificaciones regulatorias; la tecnología, utilizada como un instrumento para la gestión y optimización de los procesos, reduce la variabilidad de errores, al tiempo que aumenta la eficiencia y el rendimiento; el trabajo en equipo en la ejecución de tareas facilita una planificación más eficiente y una asignación óptima de las responsabilidades individuales; y finalmente, mediante la implementación de un enfoque de gestión de riesgos, es posible ejercer una mayor diligencia en la detección temprana de fallos y en la minimización de su impacto en el contexto del desarrollo del negocio en marcha.

Resumen Esta investigación se centró en desarrollar un sistema de gestión de información destinado a optimizar la recopilación, análisis y respuesta de los expedientes en la Defensoría del Pueblo del Perú. Ante las limitaciones evidenciadas en los procesos administrativos durante el aislamiento social por COVID-19, se llevó a cabo una encuesta de satisfacción dirigida a 27 funcionarios públicos. Esta encuesta identificó vacíos en la gestión de quejas, petitorios y consultas, lo que subrayó la necesidad de una herramienta informática más eficiente. El desarrollo del sistema se sometió a un proceso de validación en el que participaron 9 expertos de diversas disciplinas, con el objetivo de garantizar su utilidad y facilidad de uso. Los resultados de la validación fueron muy positivos, con todos los expertos calificando la interfaz como fácil de utilizar y muy útil. Esta herramienta permite una interacción fluida tanto para los operadores de la Defensoría como para los ciudadanos. La investigación concluye que el nuevo sistema tiene el potencial de modernizar la gestión de expedientes, mejorando significativamente la atención al público y la eficiencia operativa de la Defensoría del Pueblo, y fortaleciendo su capacidad para cumplir con su mandato de protección de los derechos humanos

Abstract This research focused on developing an information management system aimed at optimizing the collection, analysis, and response to files in the Ombudsman's Office of Peru. Given the limitations seen in administrative processes during social isolation due to COVID-19, a satisfaction survey was conducted for 27 public officials. This survey identified gaps in the management of complaints, petitions, and queries, which underlined the need for a more efficient IT tool. The development of the system was subjected to a validation process in which 9 experts from various disciplines participated, with the aim of guaranteeing its usefulness and ease of use. The results of the validation were very positive, with all experts rating the interface as easy to use and very useful. This tool allows for fluid interaction for both Ombudsman's operators and citizens. The research concludes that the new system has the potential to modernize case management, significantly improving customer service and the operational efficiency of the Ombudsman's Office, and strengthening its capacity to fulfill its mandate of protecting human rights.

BACKGROUND. The Health Professions Council of South Africa implemented a compulsory research component for specialist practitioner registration through the Master of Medicine (MMed) degree in 2011, eliciting both commendation and critique. Chief among the concerns is the extended time required for MMed completion. This study explores the duration of each component of the MMed research thesis and discusses the potential problematic areas in terms of its timeous completion, about which there is currently a lack of data, with particular regard to the South African (SA) setting. OBJECTIVES. To quantitatively delineate the various components of the MMed research thesis process, identify potential barriers to its completion, and formulate a recommended evidence-based proposed timeline allowing for successful and timeous completion of the MMed. METHODS. We conducted a retrospective review of MMed degrees completed by paediatrics registrars at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, SA, from 1 January 2011 to 31 December 2018, and an electronic survey of former MMed students, detailing the duration of each of the components of the MMed research thesis process. RESULTS. The survey had a 70.5% response rate (n=148 respondents, of whom 141 fully completed the survey). The median (interquartile range) time to complete the MMed research thesis was 30 (21 - 42) months. While 78.0% of respondents deemed 4 years adequate for completion, 15.6% reported durations exceeding 4 years, and 2.1% had not completed the MMed. The components of the research thesis with the longest duration in terms of completion included development of a first draft of the research protocol, data analysis, and development of the first draft of the final report. Factors reportedly associated with successful completion of the thesis were a supportive supervisor and the provision of a research rotation. CONCLUSION. A significant portion of candidates do not complete the MMed research thesis within the 4-year training period, hindering specialist registration. The major contributing factors appear to be related to candidates' inexperience regarding the research process and lack of exposure to it, as well as some of the administrative procedures involved. Utilisation of the recommendations and structured timeline will help identify problematic areas timeously and ensure successful completion of the thesis.

ABSTRACT Contemporary university faces the challenge of achieving innovative educational management. This management will be inherently linked, from their study plans, to teaching, research, and outreach functions. A management team capable of guiding organizational awareness and decision-making, allowing for a reorientation to achieve administrative objectives in line with society's expectations. Based on these assertions, this research aims to present criteria for reorienting educational management in universities. This article describes a study that adheres to the norms and procedures of the qualitative paradigm of social research, using Martin Heidegger's hermeneutic phenomenological method, implemented through a qualitative methodological approach. The study involved faculty members from the Autonomous Regional University of the Andes, who underwent an in-depth interview following a phenomenological question guide. Data processing from the interviews considered reduction, comprehension, and deconstruction processes as a structured logical procedure based on the adopted method's requirements. In conclusion, the qualitative analysis process revealed three criteria through which university educational management can be focused to promote comprehensive and participatory change.

RESUMEN La universidad contemporánea tiene el reto de alcanzar una gestión educativa innovadora. Gestión que estará inherentemente vinculada, desde sus planes de estudio, con las funciones docentes, investigativas y de extensión. Una gerencia capacitada para orientar la toma de conciencia y de decisiones organizacionales, que permitan reorientarla para alcanzar los objetivos administrativos en correspondencia con lo que sociedad espera de ella. Partiendo de estas afirmaciones, la presente investigación tiene el objetivo de enmarcarse en presentar criterios para reorientar la gestión educativa en la universidad. Este artículo describe una investigación que se adapta a las normas y procedimientos del paradigma cualitativo de investigación social y el método utilizado es el fenomenológico hermenéutico de Martin Heidegger, el cual se concretó mediante un enfoque metodológico cualitativo. El estudio fue realizado con docentes de la Universidad Autónoma Regional de los Andes, a los cuales se les aplicó una entrevista en profundidad siguiendo un guion de preguntas de corte fenomenológico. El procesamiento de los datos obtenidos en la entrevista, se realizó considerando los procesos de reducción, comprensión y deconstrucción, como procedimiento lógico estructurado desde los requisitos del método asumido. En conclusión, el proceso de análisis cualitativo permitió mostrar tres criterios desde los que se puede enfocar la gestión educativa en la universidad para que sea promotora de un cambio integral y participativo.

ABSTRACT Higher Education in Ecuador offers a dynamic context where universities gradually transform into centers of knowledge production and technology incubation and transfer. Formative research contributes to integrating teaching and research functions and to the comprehensive training of the student, through innovative pedagogical strategies and methodological procedures in accordance with global trends in Higher Education. The objective of this work is to propose a methodological procedure that guides academic tasks and articulates the substantive functions of teaching, research and connection of students of the subject: Distribution Channels, Administration career, Technical University of Manabí, with social actors who participate in the cocoa market. A mixed approach methodology is used, with an exploratory and descriptive scope. The main findings confirm that the proposed procedure validates the link between teaching, research, professional training and society. It is confirmed that formative research applied in real-world contexts strengthens relationships between students, teachers and communities, managing to integrate study plans and educational offers. It was possible to study the cocoa marketing process in the cantons of Portoviejo, Manta and Junín, providing relevant information for decision making and future commercial strategies.

RESUMEN La Educación Superior del Ecuador, ofrece un contexto dinámico donde las universidades se transforman gradualmente en centros de producción de conocimientos y, de incubación y transferencia de tecnologías. La investigación formativa contribuye a integrar las funciones docentes e investigativas y a la formación integral del estudiante, a través de estrategias pedagógicas y procedimientos metodológicos novedosos conforme a las tendencias globalesde la Educación Superior. El objetivo del presente trabajo es proponer un procedimiento metodológico que oriente las tareas académicas y articule las funciones sustantivas de docencia, investigación y vinculación de estudiantes de la asignatura: Canales de Distribución, carrera Administración, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, con actores sociales que participan en el mercado del cacao. Se utiliza una metodología de enfoque mixto, con alcance exploratorio y descriptivo. Los principales hallazgos confirman que el procedimiento propuesto valida el vínculo entre docencia, investigación, formación profesional y sociedad. Se confirma que la investigación formativa aplicada en contextos del mundo real fortalece las relaciones entre estudiantes, maestros y comunidades, logrando integrar los planes de estudio y ofertas educativas. Fue posible estudiar el proceso de comercialización del cacao en los cantones Portoviejo, Manta y Junín, aportando información relevante para la toma de decisiones y futuras estrategias comerciales.

Abstract In Cuba, the value and execution of science are being enhanced. For this purpose, there are some initiatives that seek to promote the dissemination and exchange of scientific production derived from R+D+i projects. However, they are not enough to overcome the isolation of companies in the scientific sector. In this context, the importance of collaboration between knowledge-generating institutions and the sectors that benefit from this exchange, especially companies and public administrations, stands out. To address this problem, a module was developed for a problem and solution bank, which, integrated into the Administrative Management System of R+D+i Programs and Projects, seeks to connect the needs of companies with the available research and development (R+D+i) capabilities. This bank will act as a centralized repository where companies, research institutes, and researchers can publish both their specific problems and the solutions developed. To guide the process of building the solution proposal, the AUP software development methodology was used in its UCI scenario 4 version. Django REST Framework was used, based on a 3-layer architecture, application, serialization, and data. Docker was used as a deployment tool with the aim of automating the application deployment. As a validation strategy, black box tests and integration tests were carried out.

Resumen En Cuba se está potenciando el valor y la ejecución de la ciencia. Para este fin existen algunas iniciativas que buscan promover la divulgación y el intercambio de la producción científica derivada de proyectos de I+D+i. Sin embargo, no son suficientes para superar el aislamiento de las empresas del sector científico. En este contexto se destaca la importancia de la colaboración entre las instituciones generadoras de conocimiento y los sectores que se benefician de este intercambio, especialmente las empresas y las administraciones públicas. Para abordar esta problemática, se desarrolló un módulo para un banco de problemas y soluciones, que, integrado en el sistema de Gestión Administrativa de Programas y Proyectos de I+D+i, busca conectar las necesidades de las empresas con las capacidades de investigación y desarrollo (I+D+i) disponibles. Este banco actuará como un repositorio centralizado donde las empresas, institutos de investigación y los investigadores puedan publicar tanto sus problemáticas específicas como las soluciones desarrolladas. Para guiar el proceso de construcción de la propuesta de solución se utilizó la metodología de desarrollo de software AUP en su versión UCI escenario 4. Se trabajó con Django REST Framework, basado en una arquitectura de 3 capas, aplicación, serialización y datos. Como herramienta de despliegue se utilizó Docker con el objetivo de automatizar el despliegue de la aplicación. Como estrategia de validación se realizaron pruebas de caja negra y pruebas de integración.

Resumen La modernización de la gestión pública se refiere al proceso de transformación y actualización de las estructuras, procesos y prácticas administrativas con el objetivo de mejorar la eficiencia, eficacia y transparencia en la prestación de servicios educativos. El objetivo principal de la investigación es determinar la relación que existe entre la modernización de la gestión pública con la calidad del servicio, además se busca evaluar la correlación entre las dimensiones: eficiencia del aparato público, servicio a la ciudadanía, y descentralización. con la variable calidad de servicio. El método utilizado fue cuantitativo, de naturaleza básica y nivel correlacional, con un método general y científico, diseño de investigación no experimental de tipo transversal; la muestra estuvo constituida por 361 estudiantes de pre y posgrado. Para la recopilación de datos, se utilizó la técnica de la encuesta y se aplicó un cuestionario como instrumento. Los resultados reflejaron un coeficiente de correlación de Rho de Spearman de 0.601, con un p-valor de 0.000< 0.05. En consecuencia, se concluye que existe una relación positiva considerable entre la Modernización de la gestión pública y calidad de servicio en la universidad analizada.

Abstract The modernization of public management refers to the process of transformation and updating of structures, processes and administrative practices with the objective of improving efficiency, effectiveness and transparency in the provision of educational services. The main objective of the research is to determine the relationship between the modernization of public management and the quality of service, and to evaluate the correlation between the dimensions: efficiency of the public apparatus, citizen service, and decentralization, with the quality of service variable. The method used was quantitative, of basic nature and correlational level, with a general and scientific method, non-experimental research design of transversal type; the sample consisted of 361 undergraduate and graduate students. For data collection, the survey technique was used and a questionnaire was applied as an instrument. The results reflected a Spearman's Rho correlation coefficient of 0.601, with a p-value of 0.000< 0.05. Consequently, it is concluded that there is a considerable positive relationship between Modernization of public management and quality of service in the analyzed university.

The research presents the development of a component for the digital signature of online documents in the GAPID Platform, which plays a crucial role in the management of Science, Technology and Innovation Programs and Projects. The need to strengthen certain aspects of the system has been identified to guarantee the authenticity, integrity and non-repudiation of the digital documents managed in it. Currently, users depend on traditional methods that require a printing and scanning process to sign documents, as well as external tools that hinder the efficiency of the document process. The main objective of this research is to develop an online digital signature component that guarantees the authenticity, integrity and non-repudiation of documents issued in the GAPID system, eliminating the dependence on traditional methods and external tools. For this purpose, Next.js was used as the main technology for the development of the system, standing out for its efficiency and scalability. The methods used for the research allowed the analysis of similar solutions, requirements specification, user interface prototypes, and different concepts. The proposed solution involves the integration of a robust digital signature within GAPID, improving the reliability and security of administrative and financial processes. The incorporation of this component into the GAPID system not only eliminates the need for external tools, but also increases security in the management of digital documents, benefiting all parties involved in the projects and programs subscribed.

Resumen La investigación presenta el desarrollo de un componente para la firma digital de documentos en línea en la Plataforma GAPID, el cual desempeña un papel crucial en la gestión de Programas y Proyectos de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación. Se ha identificado la necesidad de fortalecer ciertos aspectos del sistema para garantizar la autenticidad, integridad y no repudio de los documentos digitales que se gestionan en el mismo. Actualmente, los usuarios dependen de métodos tradicionales que necesitan de un proceso de impresión y el escaneo para firmar documentos, así como de herramientas externas que dificultan la eficiencia del proceso documental. El objetivo principal de esta investigación es desarrollar un componente de firma digital en línea que garantice la autenticidad, integridad y no repudio de los documentos emitidos en el sistema GAPID, eliminando la dependencia de métodos tradicionales y herramientas externas. Para ello, se utilizó como tecnología principal Next.js para el desarrollo del sistema, destacándose por su eficiencia y escalabilidad. Los métodos utilizados para la investigación permitieron el análisis de soluciones similares, especificación de requisitos, prototipos de interfaz de usuario, de los diferentes conceptos. La solución propuesta involucra la integración de una firma digital robusta dentro de GAPID, mejorando la confiabilidad y seguridad de los procesos administrativos y financieros. La incorporación de este componente al sistema GAPID no solo elimina la necesidad de herramientas externas, sino que también aumenta la seguridad en la gestión de documentos digitales, beneficiando a todas las partes involucradas en los proyectos y programas suscritos.

ABSTRACT The article aims to describe the perspectives of students and teachers regarding the relevance and impact of ethics training in higher education, specifically in the field of management and administration. The study employs a qualitative inquiry approach, gathering information through semi-structured interviews and focus groups with key informants from an undergraduate university program in Chile. This approach aims to gather university experiences relevant to the research problem. The case study results demonstrate the beneficial influence of both students and teachers on enhancing ethical behavior in professional practice, both during the training process and in subsequent work. The main conclusion of the study suggests that ethical training in higher education, specifically in the field of management and administration, is crucial and can serve as a distinguishing job competency for managing organizations that meet social and citizen needs.

RESUMEN El propósito del artículo es describir las perspectivas estudiantiles y docentes sobre la relevancia e impacto de la formación ética en la educación superior en carreras universitarias del campo de la gestión y la administración. El estudio considera un enfoque de indagación cualitativa, recopilando información mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas y grupos focales con informantes clave de un programa universitario de pregrado en Chile, para recabar las experiencias universitarias sobre el problema de investigación. Los resultados obtenidos desde el caso estudiado evidencian el impacto positivo otorgado tanto por estudiantes como docentes al fortalecimiento del comportamiento ético en el ejercicio profesional, durante el proceso formativo, así como en el futuro ejercicio laboral. La principal conclusión del estudio señala que la formación ética en la educación superior en el ámbito de la gestión y la administración es fundamental, transformándose en una competencia laboral diferenciadora para administrar las organizaciones que satisfacen las necesidades sociales y ciudadanas.

Resumen La minería de datos en el contexto del riesgo de ocupación criminal, se centra en la aplicación de técnicas analíticas para identificar patrones, tendencias y correlaciones que puedan indicar la presencia de grupos armados ilegales en los territorios. El estudio presenta el cálculo de los riesgos de ocupación por parte de los grupos ilegales Clan del Golfo, Ejército de Liberación Nacional (ELN) y Los Pachelly en los municipios del departamento de Antioquia en Colombia. Para ello, las bases de datos utilizadas corresponden a fuentes abiertas como el Sistema de Información Estadístico, Delincuencial, Contravencional y Operativo de la Policía Nacional (SIEDCO), la Dirección de Investigación Criminal e INTERPOL (DIJIN), el Sistema de Información de Drogas de Colombia (SIDCO), el Ministerio de Defensa, el Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal, el Observatorio de Tierras, la Unidad para la Atención y Reparación Integral a las Víctimas, la Defensoría del Pueblo, la Dirección de Sustitución de Cultivos de Uso Ilícito, la E.S.E. Hospital Carisma, la Dirección de Información Departamental-Gobernación de Antioquia, el Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE) y el Ministerio de Educación Nacional. Asimismo, utilizamos la metodología Cross Industry Standard Process for Data Mining (CRISP-DM) y se combinó el análisis de componentes principales (ACP) y la técnica Fuzzy c-Means (FCM) para identificar en los datos las variables sociales, económicas, laborales, educacionales y criminales que mayormente aportan al riesgo de presencia de las estructuras criminales en los municipios, lo que permitió clasificarlos en riesgo bajo, riesgo medio, riesgo medio-alto, riesgo alto y riesgo muy alto. Los resultados muestran que el 26 % de los municipios tendrían un riesgo alto para el Clan del Golfo, el 11 % con el ELN y otro 12 % para Los Pachelly. Además, se encontró que los resultados pueden utilizarse en un prototipo de un sistema integrado de alerta temprana para detectar riesgos de ocupación criminal.

Abstract Data mining in the context of criminal occupation risk focuses on the application of analytical techniques to identify patterns, trends and correlations that may indicate the presence of illegal armed groups in the territories. The study presents the calculation of the risks of occupation by the illegal groups Clan del Golfo, Ejército de Liberación Nacional (ELN) and Los Pachelly in the municipalities of the department of Antioquia in Colombia. For this purpose, the databases used correspond to open sources such as the Statistical, Criminal, Contraventional and Operational Information System of the National Police (SIEDCO), the Directorate of Criminal Investigation and INTERPOL (DIJIN), the Colombian Drug Information System (SIDCO), the Ministry of Defence, the National Institute of Legal Medicine, the Land Observatory, the Unit for the Attention and Integral Reparation of Victims, the Ombudsman’s Office, the Directorate of Substitution of Illicitly Used Crops, the E. S.E. Hospital Carisma, the Departmental Information Directorate-Government of Antioquia, the National Administrative Department of Statistics (DANE) and the Ministry of National Education. We also used the Cross Industry Standard Process for Data Mining (CRISP-DM) methodology and combined principal component analysis (PCA) and the Fuzzy c-Means (FCM) technique to identify in the data the social, economic, labour, educational and criminal variables that most contribute to the risk of the presence of criminal structures in the municipalities, which allowed us to classify them as low risk, medium risk, medium-high risk, high risk and very high risk. The results show that 26% of the municipalities would have a high risk for the Clan del Golfo, 11% for the ELN and another 12% for Los Pachelly. Furthermore, it was found that the results can be used in a prototype of an integrated early warning system to detect risks of criminal occupation.

Resumo A mineração de dados no contexto do risco de ocupação criminosa concentra-se na aplicação de técnicas analíticas para identificar padrões, tendências e correlações que possam indicar a presença de grupos armados ilegais nos territórios. O estudo apresenta o cálculo dos riscos de ocupação pelos grupos ilegais Clan del Golfo, Ejército de Liberación Nacional (ELN) e Los Pachelly nos municípios do departamento de Antioquia, na Colômbia. Para isso, os bancos de dados utilizados correspondem a fontes abertas, como o Sistema de Informação Estatística, Criminosa, Contravencional e Operacional da Polícia Nacional, a Direção de Investigação Criminosa e Interpol, o Sistema de Informação sobre Drogas da Colômbia, o Ministério da Defesa, o Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal, o Observatório da Terra, a Unidade de Atenção e Reparação Integral de Vítimas, a Defensoria do Povo, a Direção de Substituição de Cultivos de Uso Ilícito, o E.S.E. Hospital Carisma, o Centro de Estudos de Drogas e o Centro de Estudos de Drogas da Colômbia. S.E. Hospital Carisma, a Direção de Informação Estadual-Governo de Antioquia, o Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estatística e o Ministério de Educação Nacional. També musamos a metodologia Cross Industry Standard Process for Data Mining e combinamos a análise de componentes principais e a técnica Fuzzy c-Means (FCM) para identificar nos dados as variáveis sociais, econômicas, trabalhistas, educacionais e criminais que mais contribuem para o risco de presença de estruturas criminosas nos municípios, o que permitiu classificá-los como de baixo risco, médio risco, médio-alto risco, alto risco e muito alto risco. Os resultados mostram que 26 % dos municípios estão em alto risco para o Clã do Golfo, 11 % para o ELN e outros 12 % para Los Pachelly. Além disso, verificou-se que os resultados podem ser usados em um protótipo de um sistema integrado de alerta precoce para detectar riscos de ocupação criminosa.