Abstract This work examines the foreign communication and propaganda strategy of the last Argentine dictatorship developed by the General Directorate of Press and Diffusion established in 1977 in the Foreign Ministry. Its operation is investigated based on the discovery of a series of folders produced by this agency. We reflect on the drift of this documentation to subsequently analyze its content. This allows us to identify the invitation program for foreign journalists selected to visit Argentina. Those chosen were not only identified figures and defenders of the regime, but also those who expressed more critical positions and those who were capable of producing “non-political” tourist chronicles. His journalistic writings, in turn, allow us to point out invariants (common features) that lead to identifying guidelines of the communication project of the dictatorship. Finally, this work focuses on the peculiar functioning of this Directorate: the presence, among its employees and officials, of women who were prisoners in one of the main clandestine detention centers – the Navy Mechanics School – and who were transferred to the Chancellery to work. Their inscriptions in the documents lead us to reflect on the work with bureaucratic-administrative documentation produced by the terrorist State.

Resumen En este trabajo se examina la estrategia comunicacional y propagandística exterior de la última dictadura argentina elaborada por la Dirección General de Prensa y Difusión, establecida en 1977 en Cancillería. Se investiga su funcionamiento a partir del hallazgo de una serie de carpetas producidas por esta dependencia. Se reflexiona sobre la deriva de esta documentación para, posteriormente, analizar su contenido. Ello permite identificar el programa de invitación a periodistas extranjeros seleccionados para visitar Argentina. Los elegidos no eran solo figuras identificadas y defensoras del régimen, también participaron quienes manifestaban posiciones más críticas y quienes eran capaces de producir crónicas turísticas “no políticas”. Sus escritos periodísticos, a la vez, permiten señalar invariantes (rasgos comunes) que llevan a identificar lineamientos del proyecto comunicacional de la dictadura. Finalmente, este trabajo se detiene en el particular funcionamiento de esta Dirección: la presencia, entre sus empleados y funcionarios, de mujeres que estaban detenidas en uno de los principales centro

Resumo Este trabalho examina a estratégia de comunicação e propaganda externa da última ditadura argentina, desenvolvida pela Direção Geral de Imprensa e Divulgação, criada em 1977 no Ministério das Relações Exteriores. Investigamos seu funcionamento com base na descoberta de uma série de pastas produzidas por essa unidade. Refletiremos sobre o desvio dessa documentação e, em seguida, analisaremos seu conteúdo. Isso torna possível identificar o programa de convites para jornalistas estrangeiros selecionados para visitar a Argentina. Os escolhidos não eram apenas figuras identificadas e defensores do regime, mas também aqueles que expressavam posições mais críticas e que eram capazes de produzir crônicas turísticas “não políticas”. Seus textos jornalísticos, por sua vez, nos permitem apontar invariantes (características comuns) que nos levam a identificar diretrizes do projeto de comunicação da ditadura. Por fim, este documento se concentra no funcionamento específico dessa Diretoria: a presença, entre seus funcionários e oficiais, de mulheres que foram detidas em um dos principais centros de detenção clandestinos –a Escuela de Mecánica de la Armada– e que foram transferidas para a Chancelaria para trabalhar. Suas inscrições nos documentos nos levam a refletir sobre o trabalho com a documentação burocrático-administrativa produzida pelo Estado terrorista.

RESUMEN Introducción: La Organización Mundial de la Salud considera al síndrome doloroso lumbar la primera causa de consulta a nivel mundial, representa un importante problema de salud por su impacto, magnitud y repercusión socioeconómica; constituye la principal causa de vivir con discapacidad durante años, genera alto costo económico por incapacidades otorgadas, gastos en medicamentos y rehabilitación. Una de las principales causas del desarrollo de esta patología es la exposición a agentes ergonómicos en el trabajo. Objetivo: Evaluar la detección del síndrome doloroso de etiología laboral en Mexicali en el año 2022, con posterioridad a una intervención educativa. Métodos: Estudio cuasi experimental en médicos familiares adscritos al Órgano de Operación Administrativa Desconcentrada de Baja California en Mexicali, a quienes se realizó una intervención educativa y posteriormente se cuantificaron los casos detectados de Síndrome doloroso lumbar de etiología laboral en Mexicali en el año 2022; analizando el historial estadístico y comparándolo con el reportado posterior a la intervención educativa. Se midió el nivel de conocimiento con un cuestionario exprofeso antes y después de la intervención. Resultados: La detección del síndrome doloroso lumbar de etiología laboral se incrementó posterior a la intervención educativa realizada en 114 médicos familiares, el nivel de conocimiento sobre esta patología incremento el promedio inicial del 94 al 100 % posterior a la intervención en las 5 unidades de medicina familiar. Sobre este síndrome predominaron: la edad de 31 a 50 años, el sexo masculino y las ocupaciones de operadores de maquinaria industrial, choferes, mecánicos y técnicos en mantenimiento. Conclusiones: La intervención educativa a los médicos de primer nivel de atención mejora la detección del síndrome doloroso lumbar de etiología laboral.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The World Health Organization considers lumbar pain syndrome the first cause of consultation worldwide, it represents an important health problem due to its impact, magnitude and socioeconomic repercussion; It constitutes the main cause of living with a disability for years, generates a high economic cost due to disabilities granted, expenses in medicines and rehabilitation. One of the main causes of the development of this pathology is exposure to ergonomic agents at work. Objective: To evaluate after an educational intervention, Pain Syndrome of occupational etiology in Mexicali in the year 2022. Methods: Quasi-experimental study in family doctors assigned to the Deconcentrated Administrative Operation Body of Baja California in Mexicali, to whom an educational intervention was carried out and subsequently the detected cases of Lumbar Pain Syndrome of occupational etiology in Mexicali in the year 2022 were quantified; analyzing the statistical history and comparing it with that reported after the educational intervention. The level of knowledge was measured with an express questionnaire before and after the intervention. Results: The detection of lumbar pain syndrome of occupational etiology increased after the educational intervention carried out in 114 family physicians, the level of knowledge about this pathology increased the initial average from 94 % to 100 % after the intervention in the 5 family medicine units. Regarding this syndrome, the following prevailed: the age of 31 to 50 years, the male sex and the occupations of industrial machinery operators, drivers, mechanics and maintenance technicians. Conclusions: The educational intervention for primary care physicians improves the detection of low back pain syndrome of occupational etiology.

Abstract Wind energy is one of the most promising alternatives for obtaining a sustainable electricity generation model with low greenhouse gas emissions. The maturity of this technology, coupled with its low investment costs and good performance, makes it highly interesting for countries to develop projects within this field. However, its high operation intermittency caused by the natural behavior of wind requires preliminary research on the technical conditions (Installation, Capacity, Environmental, Legal, Administrative and Logistics) of the geographical area wherein the wind energy project is planned. This paper provides an overview of the state-of-the-art research studies on the potential of wind energy within a territory. This review describes current methodological alternatives for assessing wind energy generation projects and potential energy studies in different geographical areas globally. Therefore, a bibliometric analysis is included, examining the scientific research trends in the field of wind energy in addition to the different technologies and innovations that have contributed to the viability of a greater wind energy generation project. Finally, the study discusses the technical restriction criteria faced by any such project. This paper also seeks to become a point of reference for future reviews and decision-making in wind projects.

Resumen La energía eólica es parte de las alternativas más prometedoras para la obtención de un modelo de generación eléctrica sustentable y de baja emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero. La madurez de la tecnología sumado a su bajo costo de inversión y buen rendimiento hace que esta tecnología presente alto interés para los países que deseen desarrollar proyectos en este campo. Sin embargo, la alta intermitencia de su operación causada por los comportamientos naturales del viento requiere investigaciones de manera preliminar de las condiciones técnicas (Instalación, Capacidad, Ambientales, Legales, Administrativas y Logísticas) en las áreas geográficas donde se presume un posible proyecto eólico. El presente trabajo pretende aportar una visión general del estado de las técnicas relacionadas con el estudio del potencial energético eólico de un territorio. Se pretende mediante este abordaje identificar las alternativas metodológicas existentes para la evaluación de proyectos de generación de energía eólica y los estudios del potencial energético en zonas geográficas del mundo. Asimismo, presentar un análisis bibliométrico donde se analizan las tendencias de investigación científica en el campo de la energía eólica, además de las distintas tecnologías e innovaciones que han contribuido a una mayor viabilidad de los proyectos en esta rama del conocimiento. Finalmente, se muestra los criterios de restricción técnicas con las que se enfrentan un proyecto eólico. Este documento pretende convertirse en punto de referencias para revisiones futuras y la toma de decesiones en proyectos eólicos.

Resumo Do ponto de vista jurídico, a naturalização é um modo secundário de se obter a nacionalidade de um Estado, resultante da manifestação de vontade. Mas é possível tratar a questão da naturalização apenas como uma questão jurídica e como uma manifestação de vontade individual? Este artigo procura responder esta indagação dialogando com as contribuições de Abdelmalek Sayad, desenvolvendo dois argumentos: (1) para Sayad a naturalização não deve ser encarada como uma simples operação administrativa, que como num ato de magia transforma, por exemplo, um argelino em um francês, através duma publicação no diário oficial. Para Sayad a naturalização envolve muito mais do que apenas sua dimensão jurídica; (2) a questão da naturalização em Sayad deve ser compreendida dentro de sua crítica ao mundo pós-colonial, hegemonicamente organizado em Estados-nação. Mundo onde migrantes internacionais estão entre aqueles que, por excelência, vivenciam e revelam os paradoxos - as contradições, incoerências do mundo contemporâneo. jurídico Estado individual argumentos 1 (1 administrativa transforma exemplo francês oficial 2 (2 póscolonial, póscolonial pós colonial, colonial pós-colonial Estadosnação. Estadosnação Estados nação. nação Estados-nação excelência contradições contemporâneo (

Abstract From a legal standpoint, naturalization is a secondary means of obtaining nationality in a state, resulting from the expression of will. Is it possible to regard the issue of naturalization solely as a legal matter and as an expression of individual will? This article seeks to address this question by engaging with the contributions of Abdelmalek Sayad, developing two arguments: (1) according to Sayad, naturalization should not be seen as a mere administrative operation that transforms, for example, an Algerian into a French citizen through a publication in the official gazette. Sayad believes that naturalization involves much more than just its legal dimension; (2) the issue of naturalization in Sayad's perspective should be understood within his critique of the post-colonial world, predominantly organized into nation-states. It is a world where international migrants are among those who experience and reveal the paradoxes, contradictions, inconsistencies of the contemporary world. standpoint state will arguments 1 (1 transforms example gazette dimension 2 (2 Sayads s postcolonial post colonial nationstates. nationstates nation states. states nation-states paradoxes contradictions (

Abstract This geographic study on the epidemiology of Chagas disease (CD) highlights the importance of analyzing its spatial distribution to understand its spread. Factors such as sociodemography and the environmental and economic contexts are considered to identify high-prevalence areas. Given the transmission through triatomine insects, the study also includes entomological aspects. The study focused on the state of Yucatan, hypothesizing differences at the municipal level in the distribution of populations and the socioeconomic conditions that influence new infections with Trypanosoma cruzi. The period studied was established based on the analysis of the official statistics available about new cases of infection with T. cruzi from 2003 and the entomological indicators from 2015, both until 2022. The methodology included data by municipality loaded into a geographic information system per unit of time, followed by calculating incidence and prevalence rates. The nominal municipal marginalization index was used to assess poverty dimensions. The information was integrated with socio-demographic data from Mexico’s National Institute of Geography and Statistics (Instituto Nacional de Geografía y Estadística, INEGI) and the National Population Council (Consejo Nacional de Población, CONAPO). Finally, we conducted a correlation analysis applying a non-parametric test between entomological and socio-demographic variables, estimating the interdependence of entomological and epidemiological variables and their relationship with social factors. CD is ubiquitous in Yucatán, being more prevalent in the city of Mérida and its metropolitan area, as well as in the main urban centers and surrounding municipalities with a high population density to the south and east of the state (mainly in the municipalities of Ticul and Valladolid). The temporal distribution of the triatomine insects varied seasonally, with greater detection and collection in May 2016 and 2017. A time series analysis found no relationship between epidemiological and entomological variables. The significant correlation of epidemiological variables with the number of triatomine insects indicates the medical importance of vector transmission of the parasite in Yucatán. The evidence found suggests that living conditions - the most important socioeconomic and demographic variables at the municipal level as drivers for the vector transmission of T. cruzi and CD - were unpaved floor in houses, percentage of illiterate population aged 15 years and older, and overcrowding in households, all of them proxies of the nominal marginalization index, which was also significantly correlated with the infection rate in humans. Similarly, the correlation analysis suggests the effect of the interaction of urbanization processes, environmental modification, and the increasing human population density on the epidemiology of CD in Yucatán. In the Discussion, we argue that urbanization might influence the exposure of people to triatomine insects and affect the social vulnerability to face the threat of T. cruzi, either because it affects the household space, as well as the prevention and the availability of assets and inputs related to access to comprehensive healthcare. We also discuss the marked differences in epidemiological and entomological aspects between adjacent or similar municipalities, beyond the ecological characteristics, based on differences in the operation efficacy of monitoring programs and the urban location of technical-administrative units, and the main clinical centers and laboratories of the healthcare sector in the interior of the state. The main limitations of the study were the complexity of considering poverty as a dynamic and multidimensional process and the underreporting of CD cases due to its political and institutional neglect. This study provided a first approach to answering questions about the epidemiological situation of CD as a public health problem in Yucatán and knowing its spatial distribution. Furthermore, the present study challenges the geographically focused vision of government actions, which have addressed mainly vector control, and suggests that, due to the relationship of CD with the living conditions and socio-demographic and urbanization phenomena, this issue should be understood and approached from a broader and comprehensive perspective in public policy, including health aspects, given the complexity of the phenomenon, in parallel with the urgent need to provide access to comprehensive healthcare for those affected.

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Cet article étudie le rôle des intérêts dans la destitution de l’ancienne présidente Rousseff, en cherchant à répondre à la question suivante: quels intérêts ont pu contribuer à la formation et au renforcement d’une coalition contre le maintien du président au pouvoir ? Pour cela, une sélection d’acteurs et d’intérêts a été réalisée. Nous avons travaillé avec une partie importante de la coalition de soutien au président, le “grand centre”, et avec une partie importante du monde des affaires brésilien de l’époque, les grandes entreprises de construction. En utilisant l’approche de l’économie politique américaine, nous cherchons à analyser comment les intérêts peuvent influencer les résultats les plus visibles de la politique institutionnelle. Pour ce faire, nous avons analysé trois cas déviants impliquant des entrepreneurs et le grand centre sous le ministère ou le gouvernement Rousseff : le ministère des Transports, le ministère des Mines et de l’Énergie et Petrobras. Les données utilisées sont des témoignages et des enquêtes menées dans le cadre de l’Opération Car Wash, comprenant également des documents du Conseil administratif de défense économique (Cade), ainsi que des entretiens avec des hommes d’affaires, d’anciens ministres et des journalistes. Les résultats indiquent que Rousseff a apporté des changements importants dans les nominations, les pratiques anticoncurrentielles et la circulation politique des entrepreneurs et des politiciens dans le grand centre, qui ont pu contribuer à sa perte de soutien au Congrès et dans la société. lancienne l ancienne suivante dune d cela dacteurs acteurs dintérêts réalisée , centre” lépoque, lépoque époque, époque l’époque construction lapproche approche léconomie économie américaine institutionnelle faire Transports lÉnergie Énergie Petrobras lOpération Opération Wash Cade, Cade (Cade) daffaires, daffaires affaires, d’affaires danciens anciens journalistes nominations société (Cade

Este artigo investiga o papel dos interesses no impeachment da ex-presidenta Rousseff, buscando responder a seguinte pergunta: quais interesses podem ter contribuído para a formação e o fortalecimento de uma coalizão contra a continuidade da presidenta no cargo? Para isso, foi feito um recorte de atores e interesses. Trabalhamos com parte importante da coalizão de apoio da presidenta, o “centrão”, e com parte relevante do empresariado brasileiro no período, as grandes empreiteiras. Partindo da abordagem da American Political Economy (APE), buscamos analisar como interesses podem influenciar os resultados mais visíveis da política institucional. Para isso, analisamos três casos desviantes envolvendo empreiteiras e centrão durante o ministério ou o governo Rousseff: Ministério dos Transportes, Ministério de Minas e Energia e a Petrobras. Os dados utilizados são depoimentos e investigações no âmbito da Operação Lava Jato, incluindo também documentos do Conselho Administrativo de Defesa Econômica (Cade), bem como entrevistas com empresários, ex-ministros e jornalistas. Os resultados indicam que Rousseff fez mudanças importantes nas nomeações, nos esquemas anticoncorrenciais e na circulação política de empreiteiros e políticos do centrão que podem ter colaborado para sua perda de sustentação no congresso e na sociedade. expresidenta ex pergunta cargo isso centrão, , “centrão” período APE, APE (APE) institucional Transportes Petrobras Jato Cade, Cade (Cade) empresários exministros ministros jornalistas nomeações sociedade “centrão (APE (Cade

This article investigates the role of interests in the impeachment of former president Rousseff, seeking to answer the following question: which interests may have contributed to the formation and strengthening of a coalition against the president’s continuation in office? For this, a selection of actors and interests was made. We worked with an important part of the president’s support coalition, the “big center”, and with a relevant part of the Brazilian business community in the period, the big construction companies. Using the American Political Economy (APE) approach, we seek to analyze how interests can influence the most visible results of institutional politics. To do this, we analyzed three deviant cases involving contractors and the big center during the ministry or Rousseff government: Ministry of Transport, Ministry of Mines and Energy and Petrobras. The data used are testimonies and investigations within the scope of Operation Car Wash, also including documents from the Administrative Council for Economic Defense (Cade), as well as interviews with businesspeople, former ministers and journalists. The results indicate that Rousseff made important changes in appointments, anti-competitive practices and the political circulation of contractors and politicians in the big center that may have contributed to her loss of support in congress and society. question presidents s office this center, , center” period companies APE (APE approach politics government Transport Petrobras Wash Cade, Cade (Cade) businesspeople journalists appointments anticompetitive anti competitive society (Cade

BACKGROUND: Big data analytics (BDA) is vital for modern supply chain operations. However, implementing BDA requires significant administrative effort to ensure success, as managers and employees may resist change. A study was conducted on large and medium-sized companies in Saudi Arabia to investigate the impact of organisational factors on BDA adoption and identify potential resistance. (hereafter Saudi Arabia). OBJECTIVES: This study investigate how organisational factors influence the adoption of BDA in medium and large supply chain companies in Saudi Arabia. It also explores the moderating role of resistance to change (RTC) in this relationship. METHOD: A survey questionnaire was given to 402 supply chain practitioners working in medium and large enterprises (MLEs) in Saudi Arabia as part of a quantitative study. The collected data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS29.0) and SMART PLS (version 4.0). RESULTS: The findings indicated that organisational factors (top management support, IT expertise, and organisational resources) insignificantly influenced BDA adoption (p < 0.05). Furthermore, RTC did not moderate the relationship between organisational factors and technology adoption (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The successful use of BDA is crucial for improving Saudi supply chain operations, with a positive impact on customers, companies, and the country. CONTRIBUTION: This study is important for medium and large companies in the Saudi Arabian supply chain. It provides scope for developing innovations in adopting BDA by understanding organisational factors that influence adoption. The results will help push Saudi companies forward in trusting BDA in supply chain operations.

Abstract With the COVID-19 pandemic, Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in Mexico faced major challenges, undertook creative and innovative actions to reorganize their substantive functions of teaching, research, outreach and extension. In this context, the Autonomous University of Baja California (UABC) issued an Academic Continuity Plan with guidelines for remote work and the approach to academic-administrative processes and services. Under this line of mandate, the Faculty of Pedagogy and Educational Innovation (FPIE), a teacher training institution, launches initiatives to not stop learning, where the tutoring carried out tasks of dissemination and monitoring of the formative journey of the tutored. This research aims to describe the academic tutoring experienced in times of COVID-19, in relation to the institutional services and supports offered and promoted by the university. A mixed method was used, 12 tutor teachers participated, a questionnaire was applied that describes the subject's profile and a structured interview that grouped three large dimensions for a better interpretation of the discourse: a) institutional knowledge, b) academic follow-up and c) means of communication. communication. A tutorial was found that diversified its dissemination and attention strategies, by using synchronous and asynchronous communication tools; the tutorial work intensified its formative, informative and guiding nature in the dissemination and monitoring of educational services and institutional support. It is concluded that, the new scenarios and educational contexts caused by the pandemic, universities are obliged to reconfigure and evolve tutoring towards other conceptualization, operation, instrumentation and evaluation schemes.

Resumen Con la pandemia por covid-19, las instituciones de educación superior (IES) en México enfrentaron retos mayúsculos que las obligaron a emprender acciones creativas e innovadoras para reorganizar sus funciones sustantivas de docencia, investigación, vinculación y extensión. En este contexto, la Universidad Autónoma de Baja California (UABC) emitió un Plan de Continuidad Académica con directrices dirigidas al trabajo remoto y al abordaje de los procesos y servicios académico administrativo. En esta línea de mandato, la Facultad de Pedagogía e Innovación Educativa (FPIE), institución formadora de docentes, diseñó y aplicó estrategias como la tutoría para no detener los aprendizajes y apoyar el seguimiento del trayecto formativo del tutorado. Esta investigación, por tanto, tiene por objetivo describir la tutoría académica llevada a cabo en tiempos de covid-19, en especial en lo relacionado con los servicios y apoyos institucionales que oferta y promociona la universidad. Para ello, se utilizó un método mixto, donde participaron 12 docentes tutores a los cuales se aplicó un cuestionario que describe el perfil del sujeto y una entrevista estructurada que agrupó tres grandes dimensiones para una mejor interpretación del discurso: a) conocimiento institucional, b) seguimiento académico y c) medios de comunicación. Los resultados demuestran una tutoría que diversificó sus estrategias de difusión y atención, pues empleó herramientas de comunicación sincrónica y asincrónica; además, el trabajo tutorial intensificó su carácter formativo, informativo y orientador en la difusión y seguimiento de los servicios educativos y apoyos institucionales. Por tanto, se concluye que los nuevos escenarios y contextos educativos provocados por la pandemia han obligado a las universidades a reconfigurar la tutoría hacia otros esquemas de conceptualización, funcionamiento, instrumentación y evaluación.

Resumo Com a pandemia de covid-19, as instituições de ensino superior (IES) no México enfrentaram grandes desafios que as forçaram a empreender ações criativas e inovadoras para reorganizar as suas funções substantivas de ensino, investigação, extensão e extensão. Nesse contexto, a Universidade Autônoma da Baixa Califórnia (UABC) emitiu um Plano de Continuidade Acadêmica com diretrizes voltadas ao trabalho remoto e abordando processos e serviços acadêmico-administrativos. Nesta linha de mandato, a Faculdade de Pedagogia e Inovação Educativa (FPIE), instituição de formação de professores, desenhou e aplicou estratégias como a tutoria para não parar de aprender e para apoiar o acompanhamento do percurso formativo do tutor. Esta pesquisa, portanto, tem como objetivo descrever a tutoria acadêmica realizada em tempos de covid-19, especialmente em relação aos serviços e apoios institucionais oferecidos e promovidos pela universidade. Para isso, utilizou-se um método misto, onde participaram 12 professores tutores, aos quais foram aplicados um questionário descrevendo o perfil do sujeito e uma entrevista estruturada que agrupou três grandes dimensões para uma melhor interpretação do discurso: a) conhecimento institucional, b) acompanhamento acadêmico e c) mídia. Os resultados demonstram uma tutoria que diversificou suas estratégias de divulgação e atenção, uma vez que utilizou ferramentas de comunicação síncrona e assíncrona; Além disso, o trabalho tutorial intensificou o seu carácter formativo, informativo e orientador na divulgação e acompanhamento dos serviços educativos e apoios institucionais. Conclui-se, portanto, que os novos cenários e contextos educacionais provocados pela pandemia obrigaram as universidades a reconfigurar a tutoria em direção a outros esquemas de conceituação, funcionamento, instrumentação e avaliação.

Resumen La manufactura del mueble de madera en Misantla utiliza procesos artesanales largos, técnicamente no estructurados, con alta generación de desperdicio de madera y gran rotación entre sus artesanos. Esta investigación describe la forma de organización y operación de las carpinterías y talleres de ese sector. Se estudiaron las interrelaciones de los actores económicos proveedor-organización-cliente, incluidos los procesos internos y externos, así como los factores productivos que caracterizan su cadena de suministro. El estudio, realizado en 2021, tuvo un enfoque mixto, alcance exploratorio y diseño transversal. Se contactaron a dueños o encargados de 86 carpinterías y 101 talleres de muebles de madera a los que se les realizó una encuesta semiestructurada. Los hallazgos describen una industria familiar con tecnología adaptada y construida por el mismo carpintero, nulo acceso a tecnologías asistidas por computadora, y esquemas de comercialización para una economía local y regional que propicia entregas tardías e incumplimiento al cliente. Este contexto de industria familiar exige estructuras de organización administrativa formal, programas de capacitación, y esquemas de integración industrial que permitan acceder a tecnología y financiamiento. Resulta importante la organización como un solo sector de artesanos, un plan de reforestación y manejo sustentable de extracción, mejoramiento del suministro de materias primas y materiales, así como definir estrategias de comercialización, y plantear procesos automatizados para ensamble e integración vertical para conformar clústeres de cadena de valor. Futuras investigaciones podrían utilizar un muestreo aleatorio, ampliar el tamaño de muestra, reducir la longitud de la encuesta e incluir a mueblerías de otras regiones.

Abstract Wooden furniture manufacturing in Misantla uses long, technically unstructured artisan processes, high generation of wood waste and high turnover among its handicraftsmen. This paper describes the organization and operation of their carpentry shops and workshops. The relationships between their economic agents, the supplier-organization-final customers, including the internal and external processes as well as their productive factors that make up their supply chain were studied. This research, accomplished in 2021, was a mixed, exploratory and transactional study. 86 carpentry shops and 101 workshops were interviewed and a semi-structured survey was applied. Findings state a family wood furniture industry, with a technology designed by the carpenters, no access to technology supported by computers or the marketing strategies for a local and regional scope that favors delayed deliveries and client complaints. This family industry context requires formal administrative organization structures, training programs, and industrial integration schemes that allow access to technology and financing. It is important to organize as a single handicraft sector, a plan for reforestation and sustainable extraction management, an improvement in the supply of raw materials and materials, as well as defining marketing strategies, proposing automated processes for assembly and vertical integration to form clusters of value chain. Future research could use random sampling, enlarge the sample size, reduce the length of the survey, and include furniture stores from other regions.

RESUMEN Introducción: Los riesgos de trabajo afectan a los trabajadores, reducen la productividad y capacidad para el trabajo. Las lesiones traumáticas de mano ocupan los primeros lugares de los accidentes de trabajo y motivos de consulta. En economía, el costo corresponde al valor de consumo de recursos. Objetivo: Evaluar los costos por subsidios que generan los dictámenes de incapacidad permanente parcial por secuelas de fracturas de mano por accidente de trabajo en el año 2020 en el Órgano de Operación Administrativa Desconcentrada de Baja California. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo en trabajadores afiliados al Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, adscritos al Órgano de Operación Administrativa Desconcentrada de Baja California. Las variables estudiadas fueron: dictámenes de incapacidad permanente parcial por secuelas de fracturas de mano por accidente de trabajo y factores asociados. Resultados: Se estudiaron 57 pacientes. Predominaron el sexo masculino, la edad promedio fue de 42,6 años, ocupación otros operadores de maquinaria, región anatómica más afectada fue los dedos de la mano, número de días de incapacidad acumulado de 50-99 días y el costo anual del Dictamen de Incapacidad Permanente por riesgo de trabajo de 50 000 a 99 999 pesos. Conclusiones: El costo que genera subsidiar días de incapacidad permanente parcial de las secuelas de mano es elevado. Es necesario realizar medidas preventivas en las empresas para reducir los accidentes de trabajo y con ello los costos que se generan.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Occupational hazards affect workers, reduce productivity and capacity for work. Traumatic hand injuries occupy the first places of work accidents and reasons for consultation. In economics, cost corresponds to the value of resource consumption. Objective: To evaluate the costs of subsidies generated by partial permanent disability opinions due to sequelae of hand fractures caused by work-related accidents in the year 2020 in the Decentralized Administrative Operation Body of Baja California. Methods: Retrospective study in workers affiliated to the Mexican Institute of Social Security, assigned to the Decentralized Administrative Operation Body of Baja California. The variables studied were: partial permanent disability due to sequelae of hand fractures caused by occupational accidents and associated factors. Results: Fifty-seven patients were studied. The predominant gender was male. The average age was 42.6 years and the most frequent occupation was machine operator. The most affected anatomical region was the fingers of the hand. The number of days of accumulated incapacity was 50-99 days and the annual cost of permanent incapacity due to occupational risk ranged from 50,000 to 99,999 pesos. Conclusions: The cost generated by subsidizing days of partial permanent incapacity for hand sequelae is high. It is necessary to adopt preventive measures in companies to reduce work accidents and thus the costs generated.

RESUMEN El informe operatorio es un documento oficial que forma parte indispensable de la historia clínica. A pesar de que se le atribuyen funciones médicas (asistencial, docente e investigativa), legal y administrativas, con frecuencia no cumple las especificidades requeridas en la redacción. El permanente y continuo mejoramiento del desempeño profesional de los cirujanos demanda el rescate de las especificidades para la confección de tan importante documento. Es considerada una habilidad profesional específica de los médicos de las especialidades quirúrgicas, al ser parte de la práctica quirúrgica habitual e incluye aspectos cuantitativos (formales y sustanciales) y cualitativos (contenido informativo), de obligatorio cumplimiento por especialistas y residentes en formación. Constituye una responsabilidad individual que debe ser controlada por directivos y docentes de cada servicio quirúrgico. Este trabajo expresa la posición de la autora sobre el necesario rescate de la calidad de la confección del informe operatorio como parte indispensable de la seguridad del enfermo quirúrgico.

ABSTRACT The operation note is an official document that is an indispensable part of the clinical history. Despite the fact that medical (care, teaching and investigative), legal and administrative functions are attributed to it, it frequently does not meet the specificities required in the wording. The permanent and continuous improvement of the professional performance of surgeons demands the rescue of the specificities for the preparation of such an important document. It is considered a specific professional skill for physicians in surgical specialties, as it is part of routine surgical practice and includes quantitative (formal and substantial) and qualitative (informational content) aspects, of mandatory compliance by specialists and residents in training. It constitutes an individual responsibility that must be controlled by directors and teachers of each surgical service. This work expresses the author's position on the necessary rescue of the quality of the preparation of the operation note as an essential part of the safety of the surgical patient.

Abstract This article seeks to analyze how norms and procedures created in International Organizations spread to member states. More specifically, the analysis focuses on how changes in the training architecture for UN peace operations, driven by the Brahimi report, caused institutional and procedural changes on the administrative, political and military spheres in Brazil. Combining official documents and analytical literature, through process tracing, we find that the main causal mechanism observed was emulation, given Brazil’s desire to adapt to use the capacity building as a tool for international action. states specifically operations report administrative Brazil literature tracing emulation Brazils s action

Resumo A sofisticação tecnológica dos saneantes acompanhou os desenvolvimentos científicos, tecnológicos e mercadológicos para atender os critérios de higienização dos ambientes. Além dos critérios específicos de segurança para os usuários; tais produtos precisam ser seguros para o ambiente, necessitando de regulamentações apropriadas para a efetiva proteção da sociedade. Este trabalho buscou identificar os pontos fortes e de melhoria dos procedimentos regulatórios brasileiros, acerca dos saneantes de uso doméstico, em comparação com os aplicados nos Estados Unidos e na Europa, com base nas regulamentações aplicadas a esses produtos e na organização administrativa das agências responsáveis em cada local. A legislação brasileira, as empresas do setor e a agência reguladora, referentes aos saneantes, foram levantadas. Também, foram realizadas buscas relacionadas às regulamentações dos itens congêneres aos saneantes, sendo os pesticidas e as substâncias perigosas para os Estados Unidos e as substâncias químicas para a Europa. Foi utilizado o método de direito comparado para analisar as informações. Verificou-se que os procedimentos regulatórios brasileiros apresentam o mesmo rigor técnico-científico e as mesmas práticas regulatórias que os dos Estados Unidos e da União Europeia, em aspectos como a curadoria das regulamentações e a emissão da autorização de funcionamento de empresas. Por outro lado, a falta de tradução das normas e a ausência de um programa de rotulagem ambiental são aspectos a serem melhorados. científicos ambientes usuários ambiente sociedade doméstico Europa local brasileira reguladora levantadas Também informações Verificouse Verificou se técnicocientífico técnico científico Europeia lado melhorados

Abstract The cleansers technological sophistication accompanied scientific, technological and market developments to meet the criteria for cleaning the environments. In addition to specific safety criteria for users, such products need to be safe for the environment, which requires appropriate regulations for society effective protection. This work aimed to identify the strengths and improvement points of the Brazilian regulatory procedures regarding household cleaning products compared to those applied in the US and Europe, based on the regulations imposed on such products and the administrative organization of the responsible agencies in each location. It was raised the Brazilian legislation referring to cleaning products and producers and their regulatory agency. It was searched the regulations for items similar to cleansers, which are pesticides and hazardous substances for the US and chemical substances for Europe. The collected information was analyzed through the comparative law method. The Brazilian regulatory procedures have the same technical and scientific rigor and regulatory practices to the USA and the European Union, in aspects such as the regulations curating and the issuing operation authorizations for companies. The lack of translation of the standards and an environment labeling program are improvement points. environments users protection Europe location agency method Union companies

Resumen La sofisticación tecnológica de los productos de limpieza ha seguido el ritmo de los avances científicos, tecnológicos y del mercado para cumplir los criterios de higienización de los ambientes. Además de criterios específicos de seguridad para los usuarios; tales productos han de ser seguros para el medio ambiente, lo que exige una normativa adecuada para proteger eficazmente a la sociedad. Este trabajo buscó identificar los puntos fuertes y de mejora de los procedimientos de regulación de los productos de limpieza de uso doméstico en Brasil, en comparación con los aplicados en Estados Unidos y Europa, a partir de la normativa aplicada a esos productos y de la organización administrativa de los organismos responsables en cada localidad. Se estudió la legislación brasileña, las empresas del sector y el órgano regulador relativo a los productos de limpieza. También, se realizaron búsquedas de reglamentos sobre productos similares a los productos de limpieza: pesticidas y sustancias peligrosas para Estados Unidos y sustancias químicas para Europa. Se ha utilizado el método del derecho comparado para analizar la información. Se constató que los procedimientos regulatorios brasileños tienen el mismo rigor técnico-científico y las mismas prácticas regulatorias que los de Estados Unidos y la Unión Europea, en aspectos como la curación de las normas y la emisión de autorización para que las empresas operen. Por otro lado, la falta de traducción de las normas y la ausencia de un programa de etiquetado ambiental son aspectos que deben mejorarse. científicos ambientes usuarios ambiente sociedad Brasil Europa localidad brasileña También información técnicocientífico técnico científico Europea operen lado mejorarse

With 20 years of implementation in Brazil, the Mobile Emergency Care Service (SAMU 192), reaches 85% of the population, with emergency regulation centers (ERC) and mobile resources (MR), manned by teams of Basic Support of Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS). Objective: To describe and analyze the SAMU 192 workforce, according to professional categories, operational capacity, and attribution of production of procedures in the period from 2015 to 2019. Method: Census, observational, descriptive, and exploratory study that uses data from the ERC quantity and MR, associated with official public data on the workforce and its approved production, extracted from national registry systems of the Unified Health System. Dimensioning projection models were developed to quantify operational capacity from the existing workforce, according to minimum team composition, working hours patterns and operating models. Results: The SAMU 192 workforce grew by 14.3% (MR 17.2% and ERC 3.4%), reaching 41,490 professionals in 2019. At ERC, professionals in final activities grew above 14.4%, while administrative occupations and other higher education professions grew by 61.1% and 59.0%, respectively. In basic MR, nursing technicians and assistants account for more than 51% of the total force, while drivers account for 42.4%. The participation of nurses and doctors grew by 27.4% and 29.8%, respectively. The sizing models revealed that BLS professionals (30 hours/week) would be able to operate up to 67.0% of MR. In the ALS, the number of nurses projects operational capacity above 100%, while the number of doctors (24 hours/week) projects operation of up to 36.5% of the MR, reaching 64.2% in models with 40 hours per week. Nursing technicians were responsible for up to 81.2% of attendances and 75.6% of BLS transports. In the ALS, a team formed by “doctor and nurse” performed up to 69% of emergency and transport care, with a downward trend. More than 30% of care and 28% of transport are attributed to nurses in advanced RM, in the absence of doctors, with a tendency to increase, a phenomenon also observable in aeromedical units and ALS vessels. Conclusion: There was a growth in the number of professionals working in SAMU 192, however, the projections showed the insufficiency in the quantity for the operation of all RM and reflected trends such as the remarkable activity of nursing professionals in emergency care and transport. The insufficiency of the regulations that structure the model and the absence of minimum operating indicators may be at the root of the challenges of insufficient professionals.

Con 20 años de implantación en Brasil, el Servicio de Atención Móvil de Emergência (SAMU 192) llega al 85% de la población, con centros de regulación de emergencia (CRU) y recursos móviles (RM), atendidos por equipos de Soporte Vital Básico (SVB) y Avanzado Soporte Vital (ELA). Objetivo: Describir y analizar la plantilla del SAMU 192, según categorías profesionales, capacidad operativa y atribución de producción de procedimientos en el período de 2015 a 2019. Método: Estudio censal, observacional, descriptivo y exploratorio que utiliza datos de la cantidad y RM, asociado a los datos públicos oficiais sobre la fuerza de trabajo y su producción, extraídos de los sistemas catastrales nacionales del Sistema Único de Salud. Se desarrollaron modelos de proyección de dimensionamiento para cuantificar la capacidad operativa de la fuerza laboral existente, de acuerdo con la composición mínima del equipo, los patrones de jornada laboral y los modelos operativos. Resultados: La plantilla del SAMU 192 creció un 14,3% (RM 17,2% e CRU 3,4%), llegando a 41.490 profesionales em 2019. En el CRU, los profesionales en actividades finales crecieron por encima del 14,4%, mientras que las ocupaciones administrativas y otras profesiones de educación superior no previstas en la normativa creció un 61,1% y un 59,0%, respectivamente. En BLS RM, los técnicos y auxiliares de enfermería representan más del 51% de la fuerza total, mientras que los condutores representam el 42,4%. La participación de enfermeros y médicos creció un 27,4% y un 29,8%, respectivamente. Los modelos de dimensionamiento revelaron que los profesionales de BLS (30 horas/semana) podrían operar hasta el 67,0% de RM. En el ALS, el número de enfermeros proyecta capacidad operativa superior al 100%, mientras que el número de médicos (24 horas/semana) proyecta funcionamiento de hasta el 36,5% de la RM, alcanzando el 64,2% en modelos con 40 horas semanais. Los técnicos de enfermería fueron responsables por hasta el 81,2% de las atenciones y el 75,6% de los transportes del SVB. En el SAV, un equipo formado por médico y enfermera realizaba hasta el 69% de las atenciones de urgencia y transporte, con tendencia a la baja. Más del 30% de los cuidados y el 28% del transporte son atribuidos a enfermeros en ALS MR, en ausencia de médicos, con tendencia al aumento, fenómeno también observável en unidades aeromédicas y buques ALS. Conclusión: hubo un crecimiento en el número de profesionales que actúan en el SAMU 192, sin embargo, las proyecciones mostraron la insuficiencia en la cantidad para la operación de todos los RM y reflejaron tendencias como la notável actividad de los profesionales de enfermería en la atención de emergência y el transporte. La insuficiencia de las normas que estructuran el modelo y la ausencia de indicadores mínimos operativos pueden estar en la raíz de los desafíos de insuficiencia de profesionales.

Com 20 anos de implementação no Brasil, o Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência (SAMU 192) chega a 85% da população, com centrais de regulação das urgências (CRU) e recursos móveis (RM), equipes de Suporte Básico de Vida (SBV) e Suporte Avançado de Vida (SAV). Objetivo: Descrever e analisar a força de trabalho do SAMU 192, segundo as categorias profissionais, capacidade operacional e atribuição de produção de procedimentos no período de 2015 a 2019. Método: Estudo censitário, observacional, descritivo e exploratório que utiliza dados do quantitativo de CRU e RM, associados aos dados públicos oficiais sobre a força de trabalho e sua produção, extraídos de sistemas de cadastro nacional do Sistema Único de Saúde. Foram desenvolvidos modelos de projeção de dimensionamento para quantificar a capacidade operacional a partir da força de trabalho existente, segunda composição de equipes mínimas, padrões de carga horária e modelos de operação. Resultados: A força de trabalho do SAMU 192 cresceu 14,3%, (RM 17,2% e CRU 3,4%), chegando a 41.490 profissionais em 2019. Na CRU, os profissionais nas atividades finais cresceram acima de 14,4%, enquanto as ocupações administrativas e as demais profissões de nível superior não previstas na regulamentação cresceram respectivamente 61,1% e 59,0%. Na RM de SBV, técnicos e auxiliares de enfermagem são mais de 51% do total da força, enquanto os condutores, alcançam 42,4%. A participação de enfermeiros e médicos cresceu respectivamente 27,4% e 29,8%. Os modelos de dimensionamento revelaram que os profissionais de SBV (30 horas/semana), foram capazes de operar até 67,0% da RM. No SAV, o quantitativo de enfermeiros projetam capacidade operacional acima de 100%, enquanto o de médicos (24 horas/semana), projeta operação de até 36,5% da RM, podendo chegar a 64,2% em modelos com 40h semanais. Técnicos de enfermagem foram responsáveis por até 81,2% os atendimentos e 75,6% dos transportes de SBV. No SAV, a equipe formada por médico e enfermeiro realiza até 69% dos atendimentos de emergência e transportes, com tendência de queda. Aos enfermeiros em RM de SAV, na ausência de médicos, são atribuídos mais de 30% dos atendimentos e 28% dos transportes, com tendência de elevação, fenômeno observável também em unidades aeromédicas e embarcações de SAV. Conclusão: Houve crescimento do conjunto de profissionais que atuam no SAMU 192, todavia, como projeções demonstraram a insuficiência no quantitativo para a operação de todos os RM eam tendências como a marcante atividade dos profissionais de enfermagem nos atendimentos de urgência e transportes. A insuficiência das normativas que estruturam o modelo e a ausência de indicadores mínimos de operação, pode estar na raiz dos desafios da insuficiência de profissionais.

Abstract The changing times of this century, and the global health contingency, have brought new forms of administration of organizations. In the particular case of Higher Education and precisely, in private universities, the operation has been modified. Therefore, the objective of this research was to develop a study for the quality and prospects of Strategic Planning, based on the integration of normative, strategic and operational elements based on aspects of organizational structure and behavior. The fulfillment of the objective allowed to elaborate a linear model with high correlation and thus consider variables of these elements, the most relevant being those related to the normative element, that is, the Institutional Philosophy, both the Mission and the Vision, which, in Its precepts specify the quality to be achieved in the institutional service, both administrative and predominantly educational. The methodological approach was quantitative, correlational depth and not experimental. The key informants were integrated into a sample of the administrative staff, for which, a questionnaire with a response scale was applied, the data was statistically processed. It is inferred that the strategic work is implemented with quality if the procedures and measurement indicators are integrated in each administrative area, as well as its high correlation with the compliance of the organization, which in turn promotes a quality educational service.

Resumen Los cambiantes tiempos del presente siglo, y la contingencia sanitaria mundial, han traído nuevas formas de administración de las organizaciones. En el caso particular de la Educación Superior y de forma precisa, en universidades de corte privado, la operación se ha modificado. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de esta investigación fue elaborar un estudio para la calidad y prospectiva de la Planeación Estratégica, a partir de la integración de elementos normativos, estratégicos y operativos con base en aspectos de la estructura y comportamiento organizacional. El cumplimiento del objetivo permitió elaborar un modelo lineal con alta correlación y así considerar variables de dichos elementos, siendo las más relevantes, las relacionadas con el elemento normativo, o sea, la Filosofía Institucional, tanto la Misión como la Visión, las cuales, en sus preceptos, puntualizan la calidad a lograr en el servicio institucional, tanto administrativo como preponderantemente educativo. El enfoque metodológico fue cuantitativo, de profundidad correlacional y no experimental. Los informantes clave se integraron en una muestra del personal administrativo, para lo cual, se aplicó un cuestionario con escala de respuesta, los datos fueron procesados estadísticamente. Se infiere que el trabajo estratégico se implementa con calidad si se integran los procedimientos e indicadores de medición en cada área administrativa, así como su alta correlación con el cumplimiento de la organización, el cual a su vez promueve un servicio educativo de calidad.