Abstract Introduction. Climate change adaptation measures require informed decision-making. However, small-scale agriculture shows low rates of technology adoption due to cost and lack of connectivity. Objective. To evaluate three low-cost prototypes of small-scale agriculture devices for soil moisture measurement in different soil textures, as well as to determine the respective calibration equations, and the effects of electrical conductivity and temperature on moisture measurement. Materials and methods. Three measurement and recording prototypes for soil moisture were evaluated in soils with variations in clay/sand content and electrical conductivity in productive plots at Zamorano University in Honduras and a demonstration farm in Popayán, Colombia during the first quarter of 2022. Commercial sensors were used as a reference to compare the performance of the prototypes through regression analysis of hourly sensor readings over 90 days. Electrical conductivity (dS/m) and temperature variables were collected to determine their influence on moisture reading accuracy. Results. The soil moisture measurement devices showed better performance in soils with lower sand content. The measurement from the devices overestimated moisture readings by 0.19 to 0.52 percentage points for each additional degree of soil temperature. Additionally, for each additional dS/m of electrical conductivity, the reading needed adjustment by 8 to 55 percentage points. Conclusions. Prototype A was the most accurate device, while prototype B was the most precise compared to commercial sensors. Soil moisture devices performed best in soils with lower sand content. The three models evaluated performed best in loam soil with a medium clay content.

Resumen Introducción. Las medidas de adaptación al cambio climático requieren de la toma de decisiones informadas. Sin embargo, la agricultura de pequeña escala muestra bajas tasas de adopción de tecnologías por su costo y falta de conectividad. Objetivo. Evaluar tres prototipos de dispositivos para agricultura de pequeña escala y de bajo costo para medir humedad de suelo en diferentes texturas, así como determinar las respectivas ecuaciones de calibración y los efectos de conductividad eléctrica y temperatura en la medida de humedad. Materiales y métodos. Se evaluaron tres prototipos de dispositivos de medición y registro de humedad de suelo, en suelos con diferencial en contenido de arcilla/arena y conductividad eléctrica en parcelas productivas de la Universidad Zamorano, en Honduras; y Finca demostrativa en Popayán, Colombia, durante el primer trimestre del 2022. Se tomaron como referencia sensores comerciales para la comparación del desempeño de los prototipos, mediante análisis de regresión de las lecturas por hora de los sensores durante 90 días. Se recolectaron las variables de conductividad eléctrica (dS/m) y temperatura para determinar la influencia en la precisión de la lectura de humedad. Resultados. Los dispositivos de medición y registro de humedad presentaron un mejor desempeño en suelos con menor contenido de arena. La medición de los dispositivos sobrestimó entre 0,19 y 0,52 puntos porcentuales la lectura de humedad por cada grado adicional de temperatura del suelo, y que por cada dS/m adicional de conductividad eléctrica la lectura se debe ajustar entre 8 y 55 puntos porcentuales. Conclusiones. El prototipo A fue el dispositivo más exacto, mientras que el prototipo B fue el más preciso, con respecto a los sensores comerciales. Los dispositivos de humedad presentaron un mejor desempeño en suelos con menor contenido de arena. Los tres modelos evaluados obtuvieron el mejor desempeño en suelo franco con contenido medio de arcilla.

The guidelines in this series provide evidence-based practical guidance for the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of persons with inflammatory joint diseases. The purpose of these guidelines is to aid in shared decision-making between patient and physician, aiming to support high-quality clinical care. These guidelines have been prepared using the AGREE II instrument and based on adoption and, where appropriate, adaptation of international guidelines.

Resumen El Lean Startup proporciona un enfoque iterativo y basado en hipótesis para la creación de negocios y el desarrollo de productos, promoviendo la toma de decisiones basada en datos al involucrar a los potenciales usuarios y clientes desde el principio. A pesar del creciente interés académico, la discusión sobre la utilidad y los beneficios del Lean Startup continúa. Con el objetivo de contribuir a la comprensión de cómo las organizaciones incorporan los principios del Lean Startup, se realiza una revisión sistemática de la literatura para identificar los sectores en los que se ha analizado su aplicación, los modelos de adaptación seguidos por las organizaciones, y los factores clave para su adopción en organizaciones establecidas. Estos hallazgos contribuyen a avanzar en el conocimiento sobre la adopción de los principios, herramientas y técnicas del Lean Startup en las organizaciones, y facilitan el progreso en el debate académico en torno a su utilidad y aplicación en diversos contextos organizacionales.

Abstract Lean Startup provides an iterative, hypothesis-driven approach to business creation and product development, promoting data-driven decision-making by involving potential users and customers during the development cycle. Despite increased academic attention, the debate on the benefits of Lean Startup is open. To contribute to the understanding of how organisations incorporate Lean Startup principles, this study conducts a systematic literature review and identifies the industries in which its application has been analysed, the adaptation models followed by organisations, and the key drivers for its adoption in new and established organisations. The study's findings contribute to advancing knowledge on the adoption of Lean Startup principles, tools, and techniques in organisations. The results also help to the academic debate surrounding the usefulness and application of Lean Startup principles across different organisational contexts.

Abstract Background: The patient-doctor relationship promotes shared decision-making and patient-centered care, implying emotional intelligence and good communication, leading to positive health outcomes. Objective: To culturally adapt the Patient-Doctor Depth of Relationship Scale (PDDR) and convergently validate with the Patient Enablement Instrument (PEI) to ascertain the correlation between PDR and enablement. Methods: Cross-cultural adaptation process of the PDDR questionnaire to European Portuguese, through translation, linguistic verification, and reverse translation and also its understandability. Convergent validation with the Patient Enablement Instrument (PEI), after their doctor’s appointment, in a general practice/family medicine health unit. Context information, such as gender, age, living status, educational level, monthly income, Socioeconomic Deprivation Index (SEDI), and clinical appointment with the usual doctor, was also collected. Results: PDDR showed good understandability and acceptance and strong internal consistency (Cronbach’s α=0.785; intraclass correlation coefficient=0.785). A total of 81 patients participated in the study, most of them female (70.4%). There was a significant difference in the PDDR total score depending on whether the appointment had been with the usual doctor (p<0.001). Both a weak positive non-significant correlation between PDDR and SEDI total scores (ρ=0.300; p=0.790) and a moderate significant negative correlation between PDDR total score and PEI (ρ=-0.396; p<0.001) were found. Conclusion: The cross-cultural adaptation of the PDDR questionnaire to European Portuguese was carried out. PDDR proved to be a reasonable measure of the patient-doctor relationship, allowing greater patient enablement when a deeper patient-doctor relationship exists.

Resumo Introdução: A relação médico-doente promove a decisão partilhada, o cuidado centrado no doente e implica o uso de inteligência emocional e de boa comunicação, originando bons resultados em saúde. Objetivo: Realizar a adaptação cultural de Patient-Doctor Depth of Relationship Scale (PDDR) e validação convergente com Patient Enablement Instrument (PEI), verificando a correlação entre a relação médico-doente e a capacitação pela consulta. Métodos: Adaptação cultural de PDDR para português, por tradução, verificação linguística e retro-tradução para inglês. Trabalho observacional transversal correlacional entre PDDR (melhor se total mais alto) e PEI (melhor se total mais baixo), depois da consulta médica numa Unidade de Saúde Familiar (USF). Estudo de resultados também segundo variáveis de contexto sexo, idade, residência individual ou partilhada, escolaridade, rendimento mensal com estes três se construindo o SEDI (como proxi de classe socioeconómica) e se consulta realizada com o médico de família. Resultados: A PDDR demonstrou boa compreensibilidade, aceitabilidade e forte consistência interna (α de Cronbach=0,785; coeficiente de correlação intraclasse=0,785). Participaram 81 doentes no estudo, a maioria mulheres (70,4%). Verificaram-se diferenças significativas na pontuação total de PDDR em função de a consulta ter ou não ocorrido com o médico habitual (p<0,001). Constatou-se correlação positiva fraca não significativa entre valores totais de PDDR e SEDI (ρ=0,300; p=0,790) e negativa moderada significativa entre a pontuação total de PDDR e de PEI (ρ=-0,396; p<0,001). Conclusão: Foi realizada a adaptação cultural e validação do questionário PDDR para português, que provou ser uma medida adequada de profundidade na relação médico-doente, demonstrando que uma forte relação médico-doente capacita mais o doente após a consulta.

Abstract The theoretical and practical search to articulate efficiency and justice has history and present relevance. The objective of this paper is a theoretical dialogue between D. C. North and A. MacIntyre to articulate efficiency and justice across institutions. This articulation has -as its broader horizon- an interdisciplinary approach to the relationship between economic theory and ethics. From economic science, as an alternative to the concept of Paretian efficiency, North speaks of adaptive efficiency: institutions - understood as rules of human interaction - seek to be efficient in a process of adaptation over time. From ethics, MacIntyre contributes from an Aristotelian-Thomistic vision of distributive justice. MacIntyre recognizes that institutions are necessary for practices in communities but warns of the danger of institutional corruption. A place for this articulation is companies -organizations for North- where adaptive efficiency can occur if institutions -rules for human interaction- decentralize decision-making, specify contracts and property rights well. Companies, understood by MacIntyre as workplaces, are institutions that pursue common goods and that support the practices of these communities.

Resumen La búsqueda teórica y práctica de articular eficiencia y justicia tiene historia y actualidad. El objetivo de este estudio es un diálogo teórico entre D. C. North y A. MacIntyre para articular eficiencia y justicia a través de las instituciones. Esta articulación tiene como horizonte más amplio una aproximación interdisciplinaria a la relación entre la teoría económica y la ética. Desde la ciencia económica, como alternativa al concepto de eficiencia paretiana, North habla de eficiencia adaptativa: las instituciones -entendidas como reglas de interacción humana- persiguen ser eficientes en un proceso de adaptación a lo largo del tiempo. Desde la ética, MacIntyre contribuye desde una visión aristotélico-tomista de la justicia distributiva. MacIntyre reconoce que las instituciones son necesarias para las prácticas en las comunidades, pero advierte el peligro de la corrupción de las instituciones. Un lugar para esta articulación son las empresas -organizaciones para North- donde puede darse una eficiencia adaptativa si las instituciones -reglas para la interacción humana- descentralizan las tomas de decisiones, especifican bien los contratos y los derechos de propiedad. Las empresas, en el sentido de MacIntyre comprendidas como centros de trabajo, son instituciones que persiguen bienes comunes y que dan soporte a las prácticas de esas comunidades.

ABSTRACT The drinking-water safety framework presented by the World Health Organization and included in Brazilian legislation is based on the management of health risks, with the preparation of Water Safety Plans (WSP). In Brazil, about 29.9 million people live in rural locations, of which 72.7% depend on alternative supply solutions. Despite existing efforts in applying WSPs in small communities, there is still a gap in official materials directed to small-scale supply systems. This study contributes to fulfill this gap with a methodological framework to adapt existing evaluation tools aimed at improving WSPs to assess risk in the context of Brazilian alternative collective solutions (SACs) located in rural areas. The adapted proposed methodology identifies potential hazards having a SAC in the municipality of Travesseiro (state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil) as a case study. The results of this process highlighted the importance of evaluating small SACs, where insufficient data on the supply infrastructure, scarcity of implemented control measures and the absence of monitoring at all levels are still common. We also explore how improvement planning within the scope of the construction of simplified WSPs can be integrated to produce data to support the instruments of water resources management and investments in sanitation. Finally, the results also support the creation of a national database to identify potential hazards and the argument for the extension of the assessment to the entire supply coverage, allowing such hazard mapping to inform decision-making. drinkingwater drinking risks WSP. WSP . (WSP) Brazil 299 29 9 29. locations 727 72 7 72.7 communities smallscale scale systems SACs (SACs areas state Sul infrastructure common sanitation Finally coverage decisionmaking. decisionmaking decision making. making decision-making (WSP 2 72.

RESUMO A estrutura de segurança da água para consumo humano proposta pela Organização Mundial da Saúde e incluída na legislação brasileira baseia-se na gestão de riscos à saúde, com a elaboração de Planos de Segurança da Água (PSA). No Brasil, 29,9 milhões de pessoas residem em localidades rurais. Delas, 72,7% dependem de soluções alternativas de abastecimento e, embora existam iniciativas de aplicação de PSA em pequenas comunidades, permanecem lacunas de materiais oficiais direcionados a sistemas de pequeno porte. Este trabalho tem como principal contribuição a adaptação das ferramentas metodológicas que compõem a elaboração dos PSA à avaliação de riscos no contexto das soluções alternativas coletivas (SAC) localizadas em áreas rurais. Foi aplicada uma metodologia adaptada de identificação de perigos a uma SAC do município de Travesseiro (RS). Os resultados evidenciaram a importância da avaliação de sistemas desse tipo refletida na insuficiência de dados sobre a infraestrutura de abastecimento, a escassez de medidas de controle implementadas e a ausência de sistemas de monitoramento em todos os níveis. Destacou-se a potencialidade do planejamento de melhorias no âmbito do desenvolvimento de PSA simplificados e da produção de subsídios para os instrumentos de gestão de recursos hídricos e investimentos em saneamento. Finalmente, os resultados substanciam a construção de banco de dados nacional para a identificação de perigos e de que a avaliação seja estendida a toda a cobertura de abastecimento, permitindo que o mapeamento de perigos informe a tomada de decisões. baseiase baseia se saúde PSA. . (PSA) Brasil 299 29 9 29, rurais Delas 727 72 7 72,7 comunidades porte (SAC RS. RS (RS) níveis Destacouse Destacou saneamento Finalmente decisões (PSA 2 72, (RS

RESUMEN Objetivo: traducir y adaptar la herramienta I-DECIDED® al idioma portugués y al contexto brasileño. Método: esta investigación metodológica utilizó el marco de Beaton para el proceso de traducción y adaptación transcultural, que ocurrió en cinco etapas: traducción inicial; síntesis de traducciones; traducción inversa; comité de expertos; y prueba previa. Se realizó de julio a diciembre de 2022. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizó el Índice de Validez de Contenido y el alfa de Cronbach. Resultados: con base en el comité de expertos, la versión adaptada de I-DECIDED® obtuvo equivalencia semántica, idiomática, experiencial y conceptual satisfactoria respecto al original, alcanzando un Índice de Validez de Contenido de 0,94. En el pretest participaron 60 enfermeros y la confiabilidad de la herramienta adaptada fue de 0,83. Conclusión: se realizó el proceso de traducción y adaptación transcultural de la I-DECIDED® que brinda a los profesionales brasileños una herramienta de evaluación y toma de decisiones en relación a los catéteres intravenosos periféricos alineados con la seguridad del paciente. Objetivo IDECIDED® IDECIDED I DECIDED® DECIDED I-DECIDED brasileño Método etapas inicial traducciones inversa expertos previa 2022 Cronbach Resultados semántica idiomática original 094 0 94 0,94 6 083 83 0,83 Conclusión paciente 202 09 9 0,9 08 8 0,8 20 0, 2

RESUMO Objetivo: traduzir e adaptar a Ferramenta I-DECIDED® para o idioma português e contexto brasileiro. Método: pesquisa metodológica que utilizou o referencial de Beaton para o processo de tradução e adaptação transcultural, que ocorreu em cinco etapas: tradução inicial, síntese das traduções, tradução reversa, comitê de especialistas e pré-teste. Realizado no período de julho a dezembro de 2022. Para análise de dados, foram utilizados o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo e Alpha de Cronbach. Resultados: a partir do Comitê de Especialistas, a versão adaptada da Ferramenta I-DECIDED® obteve satisfatória equivalência semântica, idiomática, experiencial e conceitual quando comparada à original, atingindo o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo de 0,94. No pré-teste, participaram 60 enfermeiros e a confiabilidade da Ferramenta adaptada foi de 0,83. Conclusão: o processo de tradução e adaptação transcultural da Ferramenta I-DECIDED® foi realizado e disponibiliza aos profissionais brasileiros uma ferramenta de avaliação e tomada de decisão em relação ao cateter intravenoso periférico alinhada à segurança do paciente. Objetivo IDECIDED® IDECIDED I DECIDED® DECIDED I-DECIDED brasileiro Método etapas inicial traduções reversa préteste. préteste pré teste. teste pré-teste 2022 dados Cronbach Resultados Especialistas semântica idiomática original 094 0 94 0,94 préteste, teste, 6 083 83 0,83 Conclusão paciente 202 09 9 0,9 08 8 0,8 20 0, 2

ABSTRACT Objective: to translate and adapt the I-DECIDED® Tool to Portuguese and Brazilian context. Method: this methodological research used Beaton’s framework for the translation and cross-cultural adaptation process, which occurred in five stages: initial translation; synthesis of translations; back-translation; committee of experts; and pre-testing. It was carried out from July to December 2022. For data analysis, the Content Validity Index and Cronbach’s alpha were used. Results: from a committee of experts, the adapted version of I-DECIDED® obtained satisfactory semantic, idiomatic, experiential and conceptual equivalence when compared to the original version, reaching a Content Validity Index of 0.94. In pre-testing, 60 nurses participated, and the reliability of the adapted tool was 0.83. Conclusion: the translation and cross-cultural adaptation process of I-DECIDED® was carried out and provides Brazilian professionals with an assessment and decision-making tool in relation to peripheral intravenous catheters aligned with patient safety. Objective IDECIDED® IDECIDED I DECIDED® DECIDED I-DECIDED context Method Beatons Beaton s crosscultural cross cultural stages translations backtranslation back back-translation experts pretesting. pretesting pre testing. testing pre-testing 2022 analysis Cronbachs Cronbach Results semantic idiomatic 094 0 94 0.94 pretesting, testing, 6 participated 083 83 0.83 Conclusion decisionmaking decision making safety 202 09 9 0.9 08 8 0.8 20 0. 2

Resumen Wikipedia es una enciclopedia digital, libre, colaborativa y multilingüe que se ha convertido en uno de los recursos más empleados en Internet a nivel mundial. Debido a su gran alcance social es objeto de estudio en muchas disciplinas, entre ellas, los Estudios de Traducción. La traducción en Wikipedia ha sido examinada para analizar no solo aspectos lingüísticos y terminológicos (McDonough Dolmaya, 2015), sino también etnográficos, sociológicos (Jiménez Crespo, 2017; Alonso-Jiménez, 2014) y didácticos. El potencial didáctico de Wikipedia para el aprendizaje de la traducción viene avalado por experiencias previas (Kodura, 2019; Martínez Carrasco, 2017) que destacan, entre otros aspectos, la capacidad para motivar al estudiantado dado que la traducción se desarrolla en un entorno real que imprime autenticidad a los encargos. Tomando como referencia tales experiencias que inciden en la mejora de la motivación y de las habilidades colaborativas del alumnado, en este artículo se expone un proyecto docente de traducción en Wikipedia en el par de lenguas alemán-español, orientado a la igualdad de género, para evaluar sus posibles beneficios y dificultades. La experiencia ha demostrado que los textos de Wikipedia requieren una adaptación textual con componentes similares a los de la traducción en el ámbito periodístico, donde se emplean técnicas de reducción y amplificación, así como de mejora estilística. La aplicación de estas técnicas, que otorgan mayor libertad al traductor, requiere una compleja toma de decisiones y, en este sentido, sirven de estímulo para el desarrollo de la capacidad crítica de los estudiantes. digital libre mundial disciplinas ellas Traducción McDonough Dolmaya 2015, 2015 , 2015) etnográficos Jiménez Crespo 2017 AlonsoJiménez, AlonsoJiménez Alonso Jiménez, Alonso-Jiménez 2014 didácticos Kodura, Kodura (Kodura 2019 Carrasco destacan encargos alumnado alemánespañol, alemánespañol alemán español, español alemán-español género dificultades periodístico amplificación estilística traductor sentido estudiantes 201 20 2

Abstract Wikipedia is a free, collaborative, multilingual digital encyclopaedia and one of the most widely used resources on the Internet worldwide. Due to its great social reach, many disciplines have found in Wikipedia an invaluable area of research. The field of Translation Studies is not an exception. In this realm, Wikipedia offers great potential to explore not only linguistic and terminological aspects (McDonough Dolmaya, 2015), but also ethnographic, sociological (Jiménez Crespo, 2017; Alonso-Jiménez, 2014) and didactic perspectives. The didactic potential of Wikipedia for students of Translation Studies has been endorsed by previous studies (Kodura, 2019; Martínez Carrasco, 2017) that highlight, among other aspects, the ability to motivate students as translation is developed in a real environment that grants authenticity to translation assignments. On the basis of such experiences, which underscore the positive impact on both the motivation and collaborative skills of students, this article describes a teaching project focused on German-Spanish Wikipedia translation, gender-equality oriented, in order to evaluate its possible benefits and difficulties. The project has shown that Wikipedia texts require textual adaptation with components similar to those of journalistic translation, which employs reduction and amplification techniques as well as stylistic enhancement. The application of these techniques, which grant more freedom to the translator, requires complex decision-making and, thus, serves as a stimulus for developing students' critical capacity. free worldwide reach research exception realm McDonough Dolmaya 2015, 2015 , 2015) ethnographic Jiménez Crespo 2017 AlonsoJiménez, AlonsoJiménez Alonso Jiménez, Alonso-Jiménez 2014 perspectives Kodura, Kodura (Kodura 2019 Carrasco highlight assignments experiences GermanSpanish German Spanish genderequality gender equality oriented difficulties enhancement translator decisionmaking decision making thus capacity 201 20 2

Abstract Background A cost of illness (COI) study aims to evaluate the socioeconomic burden that an illness imposes on society as a whole. This study aimed to describe the resources used, patterns of care, direct cost, and loss of productivity due to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in Brazil. Methods This 12-month, cross-sectional, COI study of patients with SLE (ACR 1997 Classification Criteria) collected data using patient interviews (questionnaires) and medical records, covering: SLE profile, resources used, morbidities, quality of life (12-Item Short Form Survey, SF-12), and loss of productivity. Patients were excluded if they were retired or on sick leave for another illness. Direct resources included health-related (consultations, tests, medications, hospitalization) or non-health-related (transportation, home adaptation, expenditure on caregivers) hospital resources. Costs were calculated using the unit value of each resource and the quantity consumed. A gamma regression model explored cost predictors for patients with SLE. Results Overall, 300 patients with SLE were included (92.3% female, mean [standard deviation (SD)] disease duration 11.8 [7.9] years), of which 100 patients (33.3%) were on SLE-related sick leave and 46 patients (15.3%) had stopped schooling. Mean (SD) travel time from home to a care facility was 4.4 (12.6) hours. Antimalarials were the most commonly used drugs (222 [74.0%]). A negative correlation was observed between SF-12 physical component and SLE Disease Activity Index (- 0.117, p = 0.042), Systemic Lupus International CollaboratingClinics/AmericanCollegeofRheumatology Damage Index (- 0.115, p = 0.046), medications/day for multiple co-morbidities (- 0.272, p < 0.001), SLE-specific drugs/day (- 0.113, p = 0.051), and lost productivity (- 0.570, p < 0.001). For the mental component, a negative correlation was observed with medications/day for multiple co-morbidities (- 0.272, p < 0.001), SLE-specific medications/day (- 0.113, p = 0.051), and missed appointments (- 0.232, p < 0.001). Mean total SLE cost was US$3,123.53/patient/year (median [interquartile range (IQR)] US$1,618.51 [$678.66, $4,601.29]). Main expenditure was medication, with a median (IQR) cost of US$910.62 ($460, $4,033.51). Mycophenolate increased costs by 3.664 times (p < 0.001), and inflammatory monitoring (erythrocyte sedimentation rate or C-reactive protein) reduced expenditure by 0.381 times (p < 0.001). Conclusion These results allowed access to care patterns, the median cost for patients with SLE in Brazil, and the differences across regions driven by biological, social, and behavioral factors. The cost of SLE provides an updated setting to support the decision-making process across the country. (COI whole (SLE Brazil 12month, 12month month 12 month, 12-month crosssectional, crosssectional cross sectional, sectional cross-sectional ACR 199 Criteria questionnaires (questionnaires records covering profile morbidities 12Item Item Survey SF12, SF12 SF , SF-12) healthrelated health related consultations, consultations (consultations tests medications hospitalization nonhealthrelated non transportation, transportation (transportation adaptation caregivers consumed Overall 30 92.3% 923 92 3 (92.3 female standard SD 118 11 8 11. 7.9 79 7 9 [7.9 years, years years) 10 33.3% 333 33 (33.3% SLErelated 4 15.3% 153 15 (15.3% schooling (SD 44 4. 12.6 126 6 (12.6 hours 222 (22 74.0%. 740 74.0% . 74 0 [74.0%]) SF-1 ( 0117 117 0.117 0.042, 0042 0.042 042 0.042) CollaboratingClinicsAmericanCollegeofRheumatology CollaboratingClinics AmericanCollegeofRheumatology 0115 115 0.115 0.046, 0046 0.046 046 0.046) medicationsday day comorbidities co 0272 272 0.272 0.001, 0001 0.001 001 0.001) SLEspecific specific drugsday 0113 113 0.113 0.051, 0051 0.051 051 0.051) 0570 570 0.570 0.001. 0232 232 0.232 US312353patientyear USpatientyear US 123 53 year interquartile IQR US161851 1 618 51 US$1,618.5 $678.66, 67866 678 66 [$678.66 $4,601.29. 460129 $4,601.29 601 29 $4,601.29]) medication (IQR US91062 910 62 US$910.6 $460, 460 ($460 $4,033.51. 403351 $4,033.51 033 $4,033.51) 3664 664 3.66 erythrocyte Creactive C reactive protein 0381 381 0.38 biological social factors decisionmaking decision making country 19 SF1 92.3 (92. 7. [7. 33.3 (33.3 15.3 (15.3 12. (12. 22 (2 74.0 [74.0%] SF- 011 0.11 004 0.04 04 027 27 0.27 000 0.00 00 005 0.05 05 057 57 0.57 023 23 0.23 patientyear 5 US16185 61 US$1,618. $678.66 6786 67 [$678.6 46012 $4,601.2 60 2 $4,601.29] US9106 91 US$910. $460 ($46 40335 $4,033.5 03 366 3.6 038 38 0.3 92. (92 [7 33. (33. 15. (15. (12 74. [74.0% 01 0.1 0.0 02 0.2 0.5 US1618 US$1,618 $678.6 [$678. 4601 $4,601. US910 US$910 $46 ($4 4033 $4,033. 36 3. 0. (9 [ (33 (15 (1 [74.0 US161 US$1,61 $678. [$678 $4,601 US91 US$91 $4 ($ 403 $4,033 (3 [74. US16 US$1,6 $678 [$67 $4,60 US9 US$9 $ 40 $4,03 [74 US1 US$1, $67 [$6 $4,6 US$ $4,0 US$1 $6 [$ $4,

BACKGROUND: Teachers are responsible for curriculum implementation and transformation. Therefore, they are viewed as the primary agents of change in teaching and learning. As agents of change, they are responsible for being innovative and creative in their teaching and learning in their English First Additional Language (EFAL) class. OBJECTIVES: The study aimed to explore South African teachers as agents of change in teaching EFAL in their Grade 3 classes. METHOD: This study adopted a qualitative research approach with an interpretivist paradigm. The researcher wanted to explore teachers' lived experience as agents of change in the Foundation Phase class. A case study design with purposive sampling was used. RESULTS: The findings revealed that teachers understood their roles and responsibilities as change agents in their classrooms. They agreed they were responsible for implementing the curriculum to improve basic literacy skills among EFAL learners. CONCLUSION: The study found that teachers, as agents of change, needed support in continuous professional development to implement the curriculum. They also highlighted the need for help from their school management teams. CONTRIBUTION: This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the role of the EFAL teacher. They are no longer mediators of learning but agents of change in teaching, learning and curriculum adaptation. Their roles go beyond imparting knowledge to learners. They are developers and mediators of critical thinking, decision-making, communication, use of technology and relationship-building skills.

RESUMO O Semiárido brasileiro, caracterizado por alta vulnerabilidade climática, secas intensas e frequentes e chuvas irregulares, possui quantidade restrita de água em seus reservatórios e baixa qualidade em diversos pontos. Quanto a qualidade, literatura apresenta índices que avaliam a eutrofização em condições distintas, por meio de expressões próprias, que podem não ser aplicadas universalmente. Para auxiliar na tomada de decisão, a fim de minimizar esse problema na região semiárida, o presente trabalho propõe um novo índice de estado trófico (IET) levando em consideração dados e condições de reservatórios do semiárido cearense, avaliando 18 variáveis e as correlações entre eles. Os dados foram disponibilizados pela COGERH, nos anos de 2014 - 2022, para 25 reservatórios administrados pela companhia. Foi feita estatística descritiva para cada conjunto de dados das variáveis, com remoção de valores outliers para avaliação das tendências de variação destes nos reservatórios. Estudo exploratório também foi realizado, no estudo de correlações para as variáveis versus transparência. Fósforo, nitrogênio, clorofila e turbidez apresentaram as correlações mais significativas para a composição do IET proposto. Foi feita uma adaptação na expressão base do IET, para estar associada aos valores obtidos no semiárido cearense. Foram sugeridas classes tróficas para esse novo IET, com suas respectivas expressões. O índice proposto apresentou resultado similares em algumas classificações, quando comparado a outros índices consolidados. A ocorrência de alta concentração de cianobactérias se deu em reservatórios classificados como eutróficos. Sugere-se aplicação deste índice em mais reservatórios da região semiárida para lhe conferir robustez. brasileiro climática irregulares pontos distintas próprias universalmente decisão (IET cearense 1 eles COGERH 201 2022 2 companhia realizado transparência Fósforo nitrogênio classificações consolidados eutróficos Sugerese Sugere robustez 20 202

ABSTRACT The Brazilian semi-arid region, which is characterized by high climate vulnerability, intense and frequent droughts, and irregular rainfall, has a restricted quantity of water in its reservoirs and low quality at several points. Regarding quality, the literature presents indexes that evaluate eutrophication in different conditions, using specific expressions that may not be applied universally. To assist in decision-making and minimize this problem in the semi-arid region, the present work proposes a new trophic state index (TSI) taking into account data and conditions of reservoirs in the semi-arid region of Ceará. In total, 18 variables and the correlations between them were evaluated. In the years 2014-2022, data was made available by COGERH for 25 reservoirs managed by the company. Descriptive statistics were performed for each variable data set, removing outlier values to analyze trends. An exploratory investigation was also carried out, studying correlations between variables and transparency. Phosphorus, nitrogen, chlorophyll a, and turbidity presented the most significant correlations for the composition of the proposed TSI. An adaptation was made in the base expression of the TSI, which is associated with the values obtained in the semi-arid region of Ceará. Trophic classes were suggested for this new TSI along with their respective expressions. The proposed index yielded comparable results in certain classifications when compared with other established indexes. High concentrations of cyanobacteria occurred in reservoirs classified as eutrophic. To enhance the robustness of this novel index, it is recommended to extend its application to additional reservoirs within the semi-arid region. semiarid semi arid vulnerability droughts rainfall points universally decisionmaking decision making (TSI Ceará total 1 evaluated 20142022, 20142022 2014 2022, 2022 2014-2022 2 company set trends out transparency Phosphorus nitrogen eutrophic 2014202 201 202 2014-202 201420 20 2014-20 20142 2014-2 2014-

Resumo Este estudo investiga o potencial uso das técnicas de Search Engine Optimization integradas aos processos de gestão da informação, na otimização de informações, uma vez que a adequação do conteúdo aos padrões de Search Engine Optimization pode não apenas melhorar a visibilidade, mas também ajudar na categorização e estruturação de dados internos, facilitando uma recuperação de informações mais rápida e eficiente, dentro da própria organização. De cunho exploratório e descritivo, esta pesquisa elencou os elementos que permeiam as quatro fases do processo de Search Engine Optimization às fases de gestão da informação, para demonstrar uma compreensão ampliada do Search Engine Optimization como uma ferramenta eficaz, seja no ambiente web, seja na organização e na gestão de informações. Proporciona novas perspectivas sobre como técnicas de otimização podem ser remodeladas, a fim de enfrentar desafios informacionais das organizações. Como resultados, as técnicas de Search Engine Optimization, tradicionalmente voltadas para o ambiente web, são traduzidas para aprimorar as fases da gestão da informação, no contexto organizacional. Dessa forma, os processos de Search Engine Optimization podem ser efetivamente integrados à gestão da informação, de sorte a melhorar a acessibilidade, a visibilidade e a eficácia da informação, em ambientes organizacionais, abrangendo coleta, seleção, filtragem, tratamento, sistematização, organização e recuperação da informação, onde o uso da informação permeia todas essas etapas. Em conclusão, ao unir técnicas de Search Engine Optimization à gestão da informação, é possível tanto atender aos requisitos informacionais da organização quanto melhorar a estruturação e a organização interna dos dados, contribuindo para a tomada de decisões fundamentadas e processos mais ágeis. internos eficiente descritivo eficaz web remodeladas organizações resultados organizacional forma acessibilidade organizacionais coleta seleção filtragem tratamento sistematização etapas conclusão ágeis

Abstract This study investigates the potential use of Search Engine Optimization techniques integrated into information management processes, in the optimization of information. The adaptation of content to Search Engine Optimization standards can not only improve visibility but also assist in categorizing and structuring internal data, facilitating faster and more efficient information retrieval within the organization. Of an exploratory and descriptive nature, this research listed the elements that permeate the four phases of the Search Engine Optimization process for the phases of information management, to demonstrate an expanded understanding of Search Engine Optimization as an effective tool, whether in the web environment or in the organization and management of information. It provides new perspectives on how optimization techniques can be remodeled to meet the informational challenges of organizations. As a result, Search Engine Optimization techniques, traditionally aimed at the web environment, are translated to enhance the phases of information management in the organizational context. In this way, Search Engine Optimization processes can be effectively integrated into information management, to improve accessibility, visibility, and efficacy of information in organizational environments, covering collection, selection, filtering, processing, systematization, organization, and retrieval of information, where the use of information permeates all these stages. In conclusion, by combining Search Engine Optimization techniques with information management, it is possible to meet both the informational requirements of the organization and improve the internal structuring and organization of data, contributing to informed decision-making and more agile processes. data nature tool organizations result context way accessibility environments collection selection filtering processing systematization stages conclusion decisionmaking decision making

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The type of questionnaire that aims to capture a patient’s perception/view of an aspect to be measured (e.g. pain intensity) is called Patient Reported Outcome Measure (PROM). One of the biggest challenges that clinicians and researchers often face is making a decision about which PROM to use for the assessment of their patient with pain, especially due to the lack of scientific literacy needed to understand the criteria and terms used in the field of measurement properties. Thus, the objectives of this narrative review (part I) were: (I) to introduce basic concepts about PROMs with a focus on the terminology and criteria defined through the COnsensus- based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN), and (2) to describe the measurement properties of the reliability domain. METHODS: This study was produced using a search for articles from the COSMIN initiative. As the subject is very extensive, the authors divided the text into two parts. RESULTS: This study described basic concepts about PROMs (purposes and constructs), the process of cross-cultural adaptation and the measurement properties of the reliability domain (reliability, error measure and internal consistency). In general, an instrument with adequate reliability quality should meet certain criteria, such as: intraclass correlation coefficient ≥0.70, error measure < minimal clinically important change and Cronbach’s Cronbach’s α ≥ 0.70. CONCLUSION: The understanding on how to determine the quality of reliability can assist clinicians and researchers in choosing the best PROMs available. A checklist for assessing the quality of the measurement properties of PROMs is described in the part II of the manuscript. OBJECTIVES patients s perceptionview perception view e.g. eg e g (e.g intensity PROM. . (PROM) Thus I were (I COnsensus COSMIN, , (COSMIN) 2 (2 METHODS initiative extensive parts RESULTS purposes constructs, constructs constructs) crosscultural cross cultural reliability, (reliability consistency. consistency consistency) general as 070 0 70 ≥0.70 Cronbachs Cronbach 0.70 CONCLUSION available manuscript e.g (PROM (COSMIN ( 07 7 ≥0.7 0.7 ≥0. 0. ≥0

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O tipo de questionário que pretende captar a percepção/visão de um paciente sobre um aspecto a ser medido (ex: intensidade da dor) é chamado de Instrumento de Medida Baseado no Relato do Paciente (Patient Reported Outcome Measure - PROM). Um dos maiores desafios que clínicos e pesquisadores costumam enfrentar é quanto a tomar uma decisão sobre qual PROM utilizar para a avaliação de seu paciente com dor, especialmente devido à falta do letramento científico necessário para entender os critérios e termos empregados na área de propriedades de medida. Assim, os objetivos deste estudo (parte I) foram: (I) introduzir conceitos básicos sobre PROMs com enfoque na terminologia e critérios definidos através do COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN), e (2) descrever as propriedades de medida do domínio confiabilidade. MÉTODOS: Utilizando uma busca voltada para os artigos da iniciativa COSMIN, foi elaborado este estudo. Sendo o assunto muito extenso, os autores dividiram o texto em duas partes. RESULTADOS: O presente artigo descreveu conceitos básicos sobre PROMs (propósitos e construtos), o processo de adaptação transcultural e as propriedades de medida do domínio confiabilidade (confiabilidade, medida de erro e consistência interna). De forma geral, um instrumento com qualidade adequada de confiabilidade deveria atender a alguns critérios, tais como: coeficiente de correlação intraclasse ≥ 0,70, medida de erro < mínima mudança clinicamente importante e α de Cronbach ≥ 0,70. CONCLUSÃO: O entendimento sobre como determinar a qualidade da propriedade de medida de confiabilidade pode auxiliar os clínicos e pesquisadores na escolha dos melhores PROMs disponíveis. Um checklist para avaliação da qualidade das propriedades de medida de PROMs está descrita na parte II do artigo. OBJETIVOS percepçãovisão percepção visão ex (ex dor Patient PROM. . PROM) Assim I foram (I COnsensusbased COnsensus based COSMIN , (COSMIN) 2 (2 MÉTODOS extenso partes RESULTADOS propósitos construtos, construtos construtos) confiabilidade, (confiabilidade interna. interna interna) geral 070 0 70 0,70 CONCLUSÃO disponíveis (COSMIN ( 07 7 0,7 0,

Abstract Geotechnical problems in engineering constructions follow paradigms of theory and practice in variable proportions. Geotechnical engineering has the possibility of using standardized research and calculation procedures. However, frequently, the constructions are located in singular places, in which the extrapolation of experiences must be carefully used. Consequently, decision-making in the definition of geotechnical components must solve the problem of the link between the application of conventional calculation methods and the adoption of non-standardized solutions, such as an adaptation to the site of implementation of the work. The construction of an 800-meter highway viaduct, on the west slope of the Sierras Chicas, in the province of Córdoba, Argentina, shows this type of situation. The work is located in a mountain area, on the sector corresponding to the formation fault of the hill. The geotechnical study of this sector and the experience in the construction of the work itself, concluded in the need to modify the original design. Despite having defined the structural solution and developed the new executive project, during construction the foundations of the bridges were adapted to each local geotechnical condition. This publication shows the way in which the terrain-structure interaction has been evaluated, concluding in the definition of the foundation of the bridges. Reflections are formulated regarding the need to improve knowledge of the site through the different stages of the project, from its conception to its construction, as well as the convenience of auscultation during the useful life of the work.

Resumen Los problemas geotécnicos dentro de distintas obras de ingeniería siguen paradigmas de la teoría y de la práctica en proporciones variables. La ingeniería geotecnia tiene la posibilidad de emplear procedimientos de investigación y de cálculo estandarizados. Sin embargo, con frecuencia, las construcciones se ubican en sitios singulares, en los que la extrapolación de experiencias debe ser cuidadosamente empleada. En consecuencia, la toma de decisiones en la definición de componentes geotécnicos debe resolver el problema del vínculo entre la aplicación de métodos de cálculo convencionales y la adopción de soluciones no estandarizadas, como una adaptación al sitio de implantación de la obra. La construcción de un viaducto carretero de 800 metros, sobre la ladera oeste de las Sierras Chicas, en la provincia de Córdoba, Argentina, muestra este tipo de situaciones. La obra se ubica en una zona de montaña, sobre el sector correspondiente a la falla de formación de las sierras. El estudio geotécnico de este sector y la experiencia en la construcción de la propia obra llevaron a la modificación del diseño original. Definida la solución estructural y el nuevo proyecto ejecutivo, durante la construcción las cimentaciones de los puentes fueron adaptados a cada condición geotécnica local. Esta publicación muestra la forma en que se ha evaluado la interacción entre el terreno y la estructura, concluyendo en la definición del cimiento de los puentes. Se formulan reflexiones respecto de la necesidad de evolucionar en el conocimiento del ambiente a través de las distintas etapas del proyecto, desde su concepción hasta su materialización, así como la conveniencia de la auscultación durante la vida útil de la obra.

Resumo Introdução: o aumento da incidência do diabetes mellitus vem acarretando consequências à saúde pública. Muitos indivíduos com diabetes perdem a sensibilidade e podem desenvolver deformidades nos pés, ocasionando o pé diabético. Conhecer os déficits de autocuidado pode permitir o planejamento da assistência à saúde no manejo do pé diabético e melhorar a qualidade de vida do paciente. Objetivo: identificar, a partir da literatura científica, os principais déficits de autocuidado presentes em idosos com úlceras de pé diabético, fundamentando na teoria do déficit de autocuidado de Orem. Materiais e método: trata-se de um estudo do tipo revisão integrativa. A busca dos estudos ocorreu em janeiro de 2022, a partir dos descritores “pé diabético”, “autocuidado” e “idoso”. Utilizaram-se as bases de dados e biblioteca virtual: BVS, Lilacs, Medline e BDEnf por meio da PubMed. A adaptação do fluxograma Prisma foi utilizada. Uma síntese dos artigos foi realizada com a descrição dos principais resultados e déficits de autocuidado conforme a teoria de autocuidado de Orem. Resultados: condições socioeconômicas, características da pele, atividades, lazer e repouso, alimentação, condições neurológicas e falta de conhecimento sobre a necessidade de suporte terapêutico e de tratamento foram as principais situações relacionadas aos déficits de autocuidado. Conclusão: a evidência científica gerada serve como base para realizar novos estudos sobre a temática, assim como auxilia na tomada de decisões por parte do enfermeiro para adotar medidas que auxiliem no autocuidado desse grupo populacional, além de orientar essa população quanto aos cuidados necessários.

Resumen Introducción: el aumento de la incidencia de la diabetes mellitus ha tenido consecuencias para la salud pública. Muchos individuos con diabetes pierden sensibilidad y pueden desarrollar deformidades en los pies, dando lugar al pie diabético. Conocer los déficits de autocuidado puede permitir la planificación de la asistencia sanitaria en el manejo del pie diabético y mejorar la calidad de vida del paciente. Objetivo: identificar, desde la literatura, los principales déficits de autocuidado presentes en adultos mayores con úlceras de pie diabético, con base en la teoría del déficit de autocuidado de Orem. Materiales y método: se trata de una revisión integradora. La búsqueda de estudios se realizó en enero de 2022, utilizando los descriptores “pie diabético”, “autocuidado” y “anciano”. Se utilizaron las siguientes bases de datos y bibliotecas virtuales: BVS, Lilacs, Medline y BDEnf a través de PubMed. Se utilizó la adaptación del diagrama de flujo Prisma. Se realizó una síntesis de los artículos con la descripción de los principales resultados y déficits de autocuidado según la teoría de autocuidado de Orem. Resultados: condiciones socioeconómicas, características de la piel, actividades, ocio y descanso, alimentación, condiciones neurológicas y desconocimiento de la necesidad de apoyo terapéutico y tratamiento fueron las principales situaciones relacionadas a los déficits de autocuidado. Conclusiones: se destaca la importancia de la educación sanitaria, el manejo terapéutico, los cuidados individualizados y el uso de una herramienta de consultas de enfermería para apoyar la prevención del pie diabético y mejorar la calidad de vida de los ancianos.

Abstract Introduction: The increase in the incidence of diabetes mellitus has led to public health consequences. Several individuals with diabetes lose sensitivity and may present foot deformities, resulting in diabetic foot. Knowing about self-care deficits can allow for planning healthcare in the management of diabetic foot and improve the patient’s quality of life. Objective: To identify, from the scientific literature, the main selfcare deficits present in elderly people with diabetic foot ulcers, based on Orem’s self-care deficit theory. Materials and methods: This is an integrative review study. The search for studies was performed in January 2022, using the descriptors “diabetic foot”, “self-care,” and “aged.” The following virtual library and databases were used: BVS, Lilacs, Medline and BDEnf via PubMed. The adaptation of the Prisma flowchart was used. A synthesis of the articles was performed with the description of the main results and self-care deficits according to Orem’s self-care theory. Results: Socioeconomic conditions, skin characteristics, activities, leisure and rest, diet, neurological conditions, and lack of knowledge about the need for therapeutic support and treatment were the main factors related to self-care deficits. Conclusion: The scientific evidence generated provides a foundation for carrying out new studies on the theme, as well as assisting in decision-making by nurses to adopt measures that assist in the self-care of this population group, in addition to guiding this population regarding the necessary care.