Résumé La fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale marque un ensemble de grandes transformations dans la pensée sociale brésilienne. Les théories raciales et eugéniques perdent rapidement leur force face aux interprétations d’ordre culturel et économique. Dans ce travail, une partie de ces transformations est racontée à partir des interprétations sur l’immigration japonaise au Brésil de deux intellectuels ayant une influence marquante au Parlement : le psychiatre-eugéniste Pacheco e Silva et le sociologue Gilberto Freyre. L’immigration japonaise a été au centre d’un débat intense dans les années 1930 et 1940, suscitant même des amendements restrictifs ou prohibitifs dans les Constitutions de 1934 et 1946. Cette étude analyse l’activité parlementaire des deux intellectuels pendant cette période, observe les influences de leurs pensées sociales sur leur activité politique, examine également les transformations qui ont lieu dans les années 1950, avec des changements dans la pensée de Pacheco e Silva, une plus grande influence de la pensée de Freyre et une redéfinition de la place de l’immigration japonaise dans le débat parlementaire. brésilienne dordre d ordre économique travail limmigration l immigration psychiatreeugéniste psychiatre eugéniste Limmigration L dun 193 1940 1946 lactivité période politique 1950 19 194 195 1

Resumen El final de la Segunda Guerra Mundial marcó un conjunto de grandes transformaciones en el pensamiento social brasilero. Las teorías raciales y eugenésicas van perdiendo fuerza rápidamente frente a las interpretaciones de cuño cultural y económico. En este trabajo, se da cuenta de parte de esas transformaciones a partir de las interpretaciones sobre la inmigración japonesa en Brasil de dos intelectuales con un importante desempeño parlamentario: el psiquiatra-eugenista Pacheco e Silva y el sociólogo Gilberto Freyre. La inmigración japonesa fue foco de intenso debate en las décadas de 1930 y 1940, e incluso fue merecedora de enmiendas restrictivas o prohibitivas en las Constituyentes de 1934 y 1946. Este estudio, analiza la acción parlamentaria de los dos intelectuales en ese periodo, observando las influencias de sus pensamientos sociales en su actividad política y examinando, también, las transformaciones que ocurrieron en la década de 1950, con cambios en el pensamiento de Pacheco e Silva, principal influencia del pensamiento de Freyre, y el rediseño del lugar dado a la inmigración japonesa en el debate parlamentario. brasilero económico trabajo parlamentario psiquiatraeugenista psiquiatra eugenista Freyre 193 1940 1946 estudio periodo examinando también 1950 19 194 195 1

Abstract The end of World War II marks a set of major transformations in Brazilian social thought. Racial and eugenic theories rapidly lose ground to interpretations of cultural and economic nature. This article examines part of these transformations through the perspectives on Japanese immigration to Brazil by two intellectuals with important parliamentary roles: the psychiatrist-eugenicist Pacheco e Silva and the sociologist Gilberto Freyre. Japanese immigration was the subject of intense debate in the 1930s and 1940s, even prompting restrictive or prohibitive amendments in the 1934 and 1946 constitutions. This study analyzes the parliamentary activities of both intellectuals over this period and demonstrates the influence of their respective social thoughts on their political endeavors. This article also examines the transformations that took place in the 1950s, including shifts in Pacheco e Silva’s thinking, a greater influence of Freyre’s ideas, and a reconfiguration of the role of Japanese immigration in parliamentary discourse. thought nature roles psychiatristeugenicist psychiatrist eugenicist Freyre s 1940s 193 194 constitutions endeavors 1950s Silvas thinking Freyres ideas discourse 19 1

Resumo O final da Segunda Guerra Mundial marca um conjunto de grandes transformações no pensamento social brasileiro. As teorias raciais e eugênicas vão perdendo rapidamente força frente às interpretações de cunho cultural e econômico. Neste trabalho, conta-se parte dessas transformações a partir das interpretações sobre a imigração japonesa no Brasil em dois intelectuais de marcante atuação parlamentar: o psiquiatra-eugenista Pacheco e Silva e o sociólogo Gilberto Freyre. A imigração japonesa foi foco de intenso debate nas décadas de 1930 e 1940, merecendo até mesmo emendas restritivas ou proibitivas nas Constituintes de 1934 e 1946. Este estudo analisa a atuação parlamentar dos dois intelectuais nesse período, observando as influências de seus pensamentos sociais em sua atividade política. O artigo examina, ainda, as transformações que ocorrem na década de 1950, com mudanças no pensamento de Pacheco e Silva, maior influência do pensamento de Freyre e um redesenho do lugar da imigração japonesa no debate parlamentar. brasileiro econômico trabalho contase conta se psiquiatraeugenista psiquiatra eugenista 193 1940 1946 período política examina ainda 1950 19 194 195 1

Schiff bases are diverse organic compounds with an azomethine structure (–C=N–), holding potential in both chemistry and biology. They serve as catalysts, stabilizers, and exhibit various biological activities. The molecular structure of Schiff bases influences their biological properties, including antimicrobial effects. Redox-active compounds with more negative potentials tend to be more effective against microbes. In one of our recent studies, we explored the antimicrobial properties of two Schiff bases derivatives, SB-1 ((E)-4-amino-3-((3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino) and SB-2 ((E)-2-((4-nitrobenzilidene)amino)aniline). SB-1 showed antibacterial activity against certain Gram-positive bacteria, while SB-2 did not. The difference in their cyclic voltametric profiles, especially SB-1’s more negative reduction potential, prompted us to carry out further characterizations, including scan-rate studies, solvent analysis, and computational calculations. We found that SB-1, which presents a stable intramolecular hydrogen bond, undergoes irreversible oxidation, likely at the –NH2 group, and a quasi-reversible reduction via an intramolecular reductive coupling of the (–C=N–) azomethine group, supported by orbital theoretical calculations. This research sheds light on the potential applications of Schiff bases in antimicrobial contexts, guided by their redox properties and structure. –C=N–, CN –C=N– , C N biology catalysts stabilizers activities effects Redoxactive Redox active microbes studies derivatives SB1 SB 1 SB- E4amino33,5ditertbutyl2hydroxybenzylideneamino E4amino335ditertbutyl2hydroxybenzylideneamino Eaminoditertbutylhydroxybenzylideneamino E 4 amino 3 3,5 di tert butyl 2 hydroxybenzylidene 5 ((E)-4-amino-3-((3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino SB2 E24nitrobenzilideneaminoaniline. E24nitrobenzilideneaminoaniline Enitrobenzilideneaminoaniline nitrobenzilidene aniline . ((E)-2-((4-nitrobenzilidene)amino)aniline) Grampositive Gram positive bacteria not profiles SB1s SBs s characterizations scanrate scan rate analysis calculations SB1, 1, bond oxidation NH2 NH –NH group quasireversible quasi reversible (–C=N– contexts –C=N E4amino33 5ditertbutyl2hydroxybenzylideneamino ditertbutyl hydroxybenzylideneamino 35 3, nitrobenzilideneaminoaniline ((E)-2-((4-nitrobenzilidene)amino)aniline (–C=N Eamino E4amino3 ditertbutylhydroxybenzylideneamino E4amino

Diaporthe phaseolorum, an endophyte isolated from Combretum lanceolatum, has exhibited diverse biological activities including antimicrobial, leishmanicidal, antitumoral, and herbicidal properties. Regardless of these activities, there remains limited research on its chemical constituents. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the metabolome of D. phaseolorum employing mass spectrometry data dereplication through molecular networking and MolNetEnhancer tools. Twenty two molecular families were annotated, including prenol lipids, benzenoids, organoheterocyclic compounds, and nucleosides. Among the 41 nodes annotated, 36 metabolites were confirmed via spectral references, including alismol, farnesol, linoleic acid, tyramine, N-acetyl-tyramine, 5-methoxy-1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde, 6-pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one, and adenosine. Further node annotation was achieved through MolNetEnhancer, resulting in the classification of an additional 68 nodes into various molecular families. Consequently, this study represents a significant contribution to the identification of the D. phaseolorum metabolome, highlighting its secondary metabolites and providing valuable chemical insights to elucidate its demonstrated biological activities. lanceolatum antimicrobial leishmanicidal antitumoral properties constituents Therefore D tools annotated lipids benzenoids compounds nucleosides 4 3 references alismol farnesol acid tyramine Nacetyltyramine, Nacetyltyramine N acetyl N-acetyl-tyramine 5methoxy1Hindole3carbaldehyde, 5methoxy1Hindole3carbaldehyde methoxyHindolecarbaldehyde 5 methoxy 1H indole carbaldehyde, carbaldehyde H 5-methoxy-1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde 6pentyl2Hpyran2one, 6pentyl2Hpyran2one pentylHpyranone 6 pentyl 2H pyran 2 one, one 6-pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one adenosine Consequently Hindole Hpyran

Species from Pavonia genus (Malvaceae) are traditionally used as antioxidant, n anti inflammatory and antimicrobial remedies. Previous studies have revealed their diversity of specialized metabolites widely used in the development of new medicines. This is the first study on Pavonia glazioviana Gurke, a Brazilian species known as “Malva da Chapada”. The research led to identify fifteen compounds: 132 (S) hydroxy pheophytin a; and 132(S) hydroxy 173 ethoxyphaeophorbide, n decanol, cycloart 23Z ene 3β,25 diol, cycloart 24S 25 ene 3β,24 diol, sitosterol 3 O β D glucopyranoside, stigmasterol 3 O β D glucopyranoside, quercetin, acacetin, kaempferol, tiliroside, 5 hydroxy 3,7,8,4’ tetramethoxyflavone, 5,7 dihydroxy 3,8,4’ trimethoxyflavone, 5,7 dihydroxy 4’ methoxyflavone, 5,7,4’ trihydroxy 3,8 dimethoxyflavone and 5,7,4’ trihydroxy 3 methoxyflavone. The major flavonoids were tested for their antimicrobial activity, and the compound 5,7 dihydroxy 3,8,4’ trimethoxyflavone showed strong activity against Escherichia coli (MIC = 512 μg mL1), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC = 512 μg mL1), Candida albicans (MIC = 512 μg mL1), Candida tropicalis (MIC = 512 μg mL1), Candida parapsilosis (MIC = 512 μg mL1), Aspergillus flavus (MIC = 512 μg mL1) and A. fumigantus (MIC = 512 μg mL1). The total phenolic content, flavonoid content, and radical scavenging potential were determined showing its great production of phenolics and flavonoids, along with interesting radical scavenging potential (DPPH EC50 = 6.36 ± 0.029 mg mL 1). Our findings contributed to characterize P. glazioviana as a source of methoxylated flavonoids with antimicrobial potential. Malvaceae (Malvaceae antioxidant remedies medicines Gurke Malva Chapada. Chapada . Chapada” compounds 13 S (S 132S 132(S 17 ethoxyphaeophorbide decanol Z 3β25 3β 3β,2 diol 2 3β24 24 glucopyranoside quercetin acacetin kaempferol tiliroside 3,7,8,4 3784 7 8 4 tetramethoxyflavone 57 5, 3,8,4 384 methoxyflavone 5,7,4 574 38 3, MIC 51 mL1, mL1 , A mL1. content DPPH EC EC5 636 6 36 6.3 0029 0 029 0.02 1. 1 1) P 3β2 3β, 3,7,8, 378 3,8, 5,7, 63 6. 002 02 0.0 3,7,8 37 00 0. 3,7, 3,7

Parthenolide (PTN) is a secondary metabolite of the plant Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Schulz Bip. and is considered the chemical marker of this species. This sesquiterpene lactone (germacrene skeleton) has been described as responsible for the biological activity of the leaf extract. In addition, several studies in the literature have demonstrated its antiparasitic and antineoplastic activity. However, there is a need for knowledge of other safety parameters, such as pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and toxicity evaluations. Therefore, in this investigation, the in vitro metabolism of parthenolide was performed with rat liver microsomes and biomimetic metabolism (such as cytochrome P-450 system) using organometallic catalysts. The biomimetic procedure was validated since the major compound of biomimetic oxidative reaction with meta-chloroperbenzoic acid catalyzed by metalloporphyrin 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)-porphyrin iron(III) chloride was also observed with rat liver microsomes. Previous chemoenzymatic synthesis studies of PTN afforded the same epoxide formation, this major oxidative compound was isolated and fully characterized as (1 R,10R)-epoxyparthenolide based on experimental and theoretical calculations of infrared (IR) and vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) data at the B3PW91/6-311G. Furthermore, for the first time, this metabolite was evaluated for trypanocidal and leishmanicidal activity. The mean inhibitory concentration (IC50) values were lower for PTN than its metabolite and showed significant cytotoxic effects for both parasites. This finding holds promise for addressing neglected diseases. (PTN L. L (L. Bip species germacrene skeleton extract addition However parameters pharmacokinetic evaluations Therefore investigation P450 P 450 P-45 system catalysts metachloroperbenzoic meta chloroperbenzoic 5,10,15,20tetrakispentafluorophenylporphyrin 5101520tetrakispentafluorophenylporphyrin tetrakispentafluorophenylporphyrin 5,10,15,20 tetrakis pentafluorophenyl porphyrin 5 10 15 20 ironIII iron III iron(III formation 1 ( R,10Repoxyparthenolide R10Repoxyparthenolide RRepoxyparthenolide R,10R epoxyparthenolide R 10R IR (IR VCD (VCD B3PW91/6311G. B3PW916311G BPWG B3PW91/6 311G. B3PW91 6 311G B PW G B3PW91/6-311G Furthermore time IC50 IC (IC50 parasites diseases (L P45 45 P-4 20tetrakispentafluorophenylporphyrin 5101520 5,10,15,2 2 10Repoxyparthenolide Repoxyparthenolide R10R RR 6311G B3PW91/6311G B3PW916 BPW B3PW91/ B3PW9 IC5 (IC5 P4 4 P- 510152 5,10,15, B3PW (IC 51015 5,10,15 5101 5,10,1 510 5,10, 51 5,10 5,1 5,

Ana Rosa Kucinski Silva, lecturer in the Department of Chemistry at the University of São Paulo (São Paulo, Brazil), had her academic career violently interrupted in April 1974 when was kidnapped, tortured, and murdered by the repression forces of the military dictatorship (1964-1985). Since then, papers and books were written about her, emphasizing her political activities but much less is known on her academic activities. Fifty years after her disappearance, this work aims to contribute to fill this gap. Silva Brazil, Brazil , Brazil) 197 kidnapped tortured 19641985. 19641985 1964 1985 . (1964-1985) then disappearance gap 19 1964198 196 198 (1964-1985 1 196419 (1964-198 19641 (1964-19 (1964-1 (1964- (1964 (196 (19 (1 (

Computational predictive approaches present themselves as an attractive alternative in the search for new compounds that may present toxic or growth regulatory activity in Aedes aegypti. Aspergillus species is a producer of secondary metabolites with diverse biological activities. In this study, it was possible to evaluate the pharmacokinetic and toxicological properties in silico, as well as the prediction of the insecticidal biological activities of the juvenile hormone of natural substances produced by the genus Aspergillus. Initially, 187 molecules were cataloged from various species of Aspergillus spp., and only seven molecules of indole alkaloids were found to exhibit a toxic dose 50% (TD50) after conducting toxicity predictions. The molecular dynamic simulation trajectories were utilized to study parameters such as root mean square deviation, root mean square fluctuation, radius of gyration and intermolecular hydrogen bond to understand the behavior and stability of proposed compounds in the binding pocket of the target protein. The N-β-acetyltryptamine molecule showed a binding affinity value of –8.100 ± 0.200 kcal mol-1, which classifies the compound as a potential insecticidal agent against the Aedes aegypti vector. silico Initially 18 spp spp. 50 TD50 TD (TD50 predictions deviation fluctuation protein Nβacetyltryptamine N β acetyltryptamine 8100 8 100 –8.10 0200 0 200 0.20 mol1, mol1 mol 1, 1 mol-1 vector 5 TD5 (TD5 810 10 –8.1 020 20 0.2 mol- (TD 81 –8. 02 2 0. –8 –

Compared to other species, components of Combretum lanceolatum are still with few data reported in the literature. This work describes the compounds identification, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of C. lanceolatum twigs. Ethanolic extract (EECLT) from C. lanceolatum twigs was submitted to partition obtaining: hexane (HF), diethyl ether (EEF), ethyl acetate (EAF) and hydromethanolic (HMF) fractions. They were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry and direct insertion mass spectrometry and evaluated for antioxidant assay (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method) and antimicrobial assay. Fifty-seven compounds were identified in the fractions. In antioxidant assay, EECLT and EAF demonstrated good antioxidant potential (half maximal effective concentration (EC50): 57.9 and 45.4 µg mL–1, respectively), better than the positive control butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) (EC50: 69.34 µg mL–1). For antimicrobial assay, all fractions presented promising minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). EECLT presented the best values against Staphylococcus aureus (125 µg mL–1) and Escherichia coli (62.5 µg mL–1) and better than the positive control fluconazole (8 and 16 µg mL–1) against Candida albicans (3.9 µg mL–1) and Candida krusei (15.6 µg mL–1) strains. This study presents relevant chemical and biological information about C. lanceloatum expanding the knowledge of Brazilian flora. species literature identification C (EECLT obtaining HF, HF , (HF) EEF, EEF (EEF) (EAF HMF (HMF chromatographymass 2,2diphenyl1picrylhydrazyl 22diphenyl1picrylhydrazyl diphenylpicrylhydrazyl 2,2 diphenyl 1 picrylhydrazyl 2 DPPH (DPPH method Fiftyseven Fifty seven half EC50 EC (EC50) 579 57 9 57. 454 45 4 45. mL1 mL mL–1 respectively, respectively respectively) BHT (BHT (EC50 6934 69 34 69.3 mL–1. . MIC. MIC (MIC) 125 (12 62.5 625 62 5 (62. 8 ( 3.9 39 3 (3. 15.6 156 15 6 (15. strains flora (HF (EEF 2diphenyl1picrylhydrazyl 22 2, EC5 mL– (EC5 693 69. (MIC 12 (1 62. (62 3. (3 15. (15 (EC (6

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a funcionalidade e fatores associados em crianças e adolescentes com osteogênese imperfeita (OI). Métodos: Estudo transversal com 30 crianças e adolescentes com OI. Foram avaliados prontuários médicos, uso de bisfosfonatos, características socioeconômicas, dinamometria de preensão palmar, equilíbrio, hipermobilidade articular, nível de deambulação e escores do Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory - Computer Adaptative Test (PEDI-CAT). Os dados foram apresentados em média e desvio padrão e comparados por teste t por Mann-Whitney, enquanto os categóricos foram apresentados em frequência e comparados pelo teste exato de Fisher. Análises intragrupos foram realizadas por análise de covariância (ANCOVA) ou Teste de Wilcoxon para postos sinalizados. O teste Tau-b de Kendall foi usado para correlações. Resultados: A idade variou de 6 a 18 anos. A amostra foi dividida em dois grupos de acordo com a gravidade da doença. Casos moderados/graves (n=10) apresentaram menor estatura e força muscular comparadas às dos leves (n=20). Fraqueza muscular foi observada em todos os casos de OI quando comparados à população normal. Não houve diferença nos domínios do PEDI-CAT com exceção do domínio mobilidade. Houve correlação entre o número de fraturas, tipo de OI, peso e equilíbrio e o domínio mobilidade; e entre os domínios Atividades Diárias e Mobilidade e Responsabilidade e Social/cognitivo do PEDI-CAT. Conclusões: Nossos achados sugerem que crianças com OI moderada/severa podem atingir o mesmo nível de funcionalidade que crianças com a forma leve. Fraturas podem ter grande influência no nível de funcionalidade e o tratamento deve enfocar a prevenção e a reabilitação desses eventos. Objetivo . (OI) Métodos 3 médicos bisfosfonatos socioeconômicas palmar articular PEDICAT. PEDICAT PEDI CAT (PEDI-CAT) MannWhitney, MannWhitney Mann Whitney, Whitney Mann-Whitney Fisher ANCOVA (ANCOVA sinalizados Taub Tau b correlações Resultados 1 anos doença moderadosgraves moderados graves n=10 n10 n 10 (n=10 n=20. n20 n=20 20 (n=20) normal mobilidade fraturas Socialcognitivo Social cognitivo CAT. Conclusões moderadasevera moderada severa leve eventos (OI (PEDI-CAT n=1 n1 (n=1 n2 n=2 2 (n=20 n= (n= (n=2 (n

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the functioning and associated factors in children and adolescents with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted on 30 children and adolescents with OI. Medical records, use of bisphosphonates, socioeconomic status, handgrip strength, balance, joint hypermobility, ambulatory level, and the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory—Computer Adaptative Test (PEDI-CAT) scores were assessed. Data is presented as mean and standard deviation and Student’s t-test or Mann–Whitney U test. Categorical data is presented as frequency and analyzed using Fisher’s exact test. Within-group analyses were conducted using ANCOVA or Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Correlations used Kendall’s Tau-b test. Results: The participants involved in this study were 6–18 years old. The sample was separated into two groups according to disease severity. The moderate/severe OI group (n=10) presented a lower height and muscular strength than the mild group (n=20). Muscle weakness was observed in all participants with OI when compared with the normal population. No differences were observed between the groups in the PEDI-CAT scores except for the mobility domain. There were correlations between the PEDI-CAT mobility domain and the number of fractures, OI type, weight, and balance; there was also a correlation between the PEDI-CAT daily activities, mobility, responsibility, and social/cognitive domains. Conclusions: The findings suggest that children with moderate/severe forms of OI can achieve the same function levels as children with mild OI. Fractures can have a major influence on the functional level, and treatment should focus on the prevention and rehabilitation of these events when they occur. Objective . (OI) Methods crosssectional cross sectional 3 records bisphosphonates status balance hypermobility level InventoryComputer Inventory Computer PEDICAT PEDI CAT (PEDI-CAT assessed Students Student s ttest t test MannWhitney Mann Whitney Fishers Fisher Withingroup Within signedrank signed rank Kendalls Kendall Taub Tau b Results 618 6 18 6–1 old severity moderatesevere moderate severe n=10 n10 n 10 (n=10 n=20. n20 n=20 20 (n=20) population fractures type weight activities responsibility socialcognitive social cognitive domains Conclusions occur (OI 61 1 6– n=1 n1 (n=1 n2 n=2 2 (n=20 n= (n= (n=2 (n

RESUMO A produção de grãos apresenta crescimento constante, entretanto, a capacidade estatística de armazenamento permanece deficitária no Brasil. A falta de estruturas e a precariedade e inadequação no armazenamento ocasionam perdas na pós-colheita, devido ação de fatores que interagem com os grãos, culminando na sua deterioração. Para reversão desses efeitos, o tratamento químico é realizado, contudo, busca-se por sua substituição por substâncias naturais devido a implicações ambientais e medicinais. Objetivou-se com esta revisão, a discussão de uma potencial estratégia sustentável para o tratamento de grãos armazenados, com foco no uso de compostos naturais com propriedades bioativas como antifúngica, antioxidante e inseticida, que os torna potenciais para serem estudados. Foram delineados compostos naturais que possuem propriedades úteis para aplicação no armazenamento de grãos. Pesquisas a respeito do emprego dos compostos naturais no tratamento de grãos são incipientes, carecendo de avanços na identificação de novos compostos promissores, melhor compreensão dos mecanismos de ação e otimização/desenvolvimento de processos de extração, aplicação e formulação eficazes que viabilizem o futuro uso das substâncias. constante entretanto Brasil póscolheita, póscolheita pós colheita, colheita pós-colheita deterioração efeitos realizado contudo buscase busca se medicinais Objetivouse Objetivou revisão armazenados antifúngica inseticida estudados incipientes promissores otimizaçãodesenvolvimento otimização desenvolvimento extração

ABSTRACT Grain production is steadily increasing; however, the static storage capacity remains inadequate in Brazil. The lack of proper facilities and the precarious and inadequate storage conditions lead to post-harvest losses due to factors interacting with the grains, causing their deterioration. Chemical treatments are commonly used to reverse these effects; however, their replacement with natural substances has been sought due to environmental and human health concerns. The objective of this review was to discuss a sustainable strategy for treating stored grains, focusing on the use of natural compounds with bioactive properties, such as antifungal, antioxidant, and insecticidal activities, with potential for further studies. Natural compounds with useful properties for application in grain storage were outlined. Research on the use of natural compounds in grain treatment is still in its early stages, requiring progress in identifying new promising compounds, understanding the mechanisms of action, and developing and optimizing effective extraction, application, and formulation processes to make the use of these substances viable. increasing however Brazil postharvest post harvest grains deterioration effects concerns antifungal antioxidant activities studies outlined stages action extraction viable

ABSTRACT Desertification is the degradation process caused by climatic conditions and human activities that results in loss of soil productivity and decline in vegetation growth in the long term. Several indices related to vegetation, soil and climate are used to monitor desertification, but few studies explore qualitative and quantitative aspects of indices on desertification on spatial and hierarchical scale. This study aims to identify and measure indices related to increased risk of desertification on global, local and hierarchical scales using multinomial logistic regression models. Images from TM, ETM+ and OLI sensor from 1997 to 2018 in the end of dry and rainy seasons were used to quantify NDVI, TGSI, albedo, temperature, aridity index, evapotranspiration and precipitation on global spatial scale (Irauçuba Centro Norte) and local spatial scale (Miraíma, Canindé, Irauçuba and Santa Quitéria). GISD was calculated by geometric mean of weighted indices and segmented into 8 classes of susceptibility to desertification (hierarchical scale). The results showed that the best models were obtained on local scale and for the end of the rainy season. Temperature proved to be the most important variable for increased risk of desertification on global, local and hierarchical scales. Therefore, the increase in the risk of desertification in the studied areas is due to human activities of deforestation, overgrazing and fire. These factors contributed to reduction of vegetation cover and increase in temperature, changing the microclimatic, which led to decline in precipitation and worsening of desertification. term TM ETM 199 201 NDVI TGSI albedo temperature index Norte Miraíma, Miraíma (Miraíma Canindé Quitéria. Quitéria . Quitéria) scale) season Therefore deforestation fire microclimatic 19 20 1 2

In silico and in vitro tests can reveal promising anti-leishmania activity for natural products and their derivatives. The aim of this study was to investigate in silico the pharmacological activities of potential new chalcones and their leishmanicidal potential in vitro. The in silico study was carried out using the PASS, MolPredictX and Molegro Virtual Docker 6.0 programs. Antiparasitic activity was assessed in axenic promastigote and amastigote forms of Leishmania braziliensis. The cytotoxicity tests used the J77G8 cell line. The chalcones exhibited 50% cytotoxic concentration values (CC50) values > 50 μM. Chalcone 4 (named FERAI) presented the best activity with concentration for 50% of promastigotes and intracellular parasites forms (EC50) of 9.75 ± 1.7 and 10.13 ± 1.7 μM for promastigote and amastigote, respectively. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) testing presented increased ROS levels in the parasite at the FERAI concentrations of 10 μM (56.33%), 20 μM (61.76%) and 30 μM (67.13%). Molecular docking revealed interactions (binding energy) between FERAI and the enzymes UDP-glycosyl pyrophosphorylase (-56.8384), dihydroorotate-dehydrogenase (-132.276) and trypanothione-reductase (-151.281). Our results demonstrated the anti-leishmanial activity of chalcones, especially FERAI, with a noted raising of ROS levels in the parasite. Molecular docking revealed dihydroorotate dehydrogenase and trypanothione reductase as potential pharmacological targets for FERAI. antileishmania anti leishmania derivatives PASS 60 6 0 6. programs braziliensis JG J G J77G line CC50 CC (CC50 5 named EC50 EC (EC50 975 9 75 9.7 17 1 7 1. 1013 13 10.1 respectively (ROS 56.33%, 5633 56.33% , 56 33 (56.33%) 2 61.76% 6176 61 76 (61.76% 3 67.13%. 6713 67.13% . 67 (67.13%) binding energy UDPglycosyl UDP glycosyl 56.8384, 568384 56.8384 8384 (-56.8384) dihydroorotatedehydrogenase 132.276 132276 132 276 (-132.276 trypanothionereductase 151.281. 151281 151.281 151 281 (-151.281) antileishmanial leishmanial CC5 (CC5 EC5 (EC5 97 9. 101 10. 563 56.33 (56.33% 61.76 617 (61.76 671 67.13 (67.13% 56838 56.838 838 (-56.8384 132.27 13227 27 (-132.27 15128 151.28 15 28 (-151.281 (CC (EC 56.3 (56.33 61.7 (61.7 67.1 (67.13 5683 56.83 83 (-56.838 132.2 1322 (-132.2 1512 151.2 (-151.28 56. (56.3 61. (61. 67. (67.1 568 56.8 8 (-56.83 132. (-132. 151. (-151.2 (56. (61 (67. (-56.8 (-132 (-151. (56 (6 (67 (-56. (-13 (-151 (5 ( (-56 (-1 (-15 (-5 (-

The ability to argue is essential for the education of students, as it is fundamental to the presentation of ideas on a given topic. Several methods have been proposed in studies that support the development of argumentation in different teaching contexts, such as the heuristic diagram. It allows the organization and recording of activities that enable critical reflection through the analysis of the language used to express ideas. In this perspective, the diagrams produced for solving problems in an experimental chemistry subject offered in an undergraduate chemistry course were analyzed. Toulmin’s argument pattern was used as a basis to identify the structure of the arguments produced, and then, the quality of the arguments was evaluated. The results of the analysis showed a principle of progress in the argumentative capacity of undergraduates with the development of activities, verified by the presence of elements in students’ texts that, when present, validate an argument. Thus, the results can contribute to other researches in the field of chemical education by favoring a teaching process that considers the development of initial argumentative ability in the formation of students. students topic contexts diagram perspective analyzed Toulmins Toulmin s then evaluated present Thus

Selenium-containing compounds exhibit diverse biological activities, such as antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and cancer preventive effects. Using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism, we assessed the toxicity, neuroprotective, antioxidant properties, and impact on longevity of 11 selenoacetylenes. Their toxicity and bioactivities varied based on molecular structure. Selenoacetylenes with butyl substituents were toxic to Galleria mellonella larvae. The presence of but-3-in-2-ol radical increased antiprotozoal activity against Tetrahymena pyriformis. Compared to the positive control (Nimitz® EC), selenoacetylenes were less toxic to nematode worms and eggs. Selenoacetylenes significantly reduced amyloid beta (Aβ) paralysis in C. elegans CL4176 worms, increased longevity by 18 to 22%, along with improving survival after oxidative or thermal stress. Galantamine, showed inferior results. These findings enhance our understanding of selenoacetylenes on neuroprotection, antioxidant activity, and longevity in C. elegans. Future mammalian studies will further elucidate mechanisms and explore the potential therapeutic use of selenoacetylenes in treating Alzheimer’s disease and longevity. Seleniumcontaining Selenium containing activities antioxidative antiinflammatory, antiinflammatory anti inflammatory, inflammatory anti-inflammatory effects organism neuroprotective properties 1 structure larvae but3in2ol butinol but 3 2 ol pyriformis Nimitz® Nimitz (Nimitz EC, EC , EC) eggs Aβ (Aβ C CL CL417 22 22% stress Galantamine results neuroprotection Alzheimers Alzheimer s CL41 CL4

The inhibition of the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), an endocannabinoid system component, emerged as a potentially new therapeutic target for a range of clinical disorders such as acute and chronic pain. Some α-ketoheterocycle derivatives demonstrated interesting analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities in vitro. Ligand-Based Drug Design techniques such as knowledge graph convolutional networks (kGCN) and hologram quantitative structure-activity relationship (HQSAR) using α-ketoheterocycle derivatives from five different datasets were generated to discover the relation between the chemical structures and the inhibition activity. Meanwhile, structure-based drug design simulations as interaction fields (MIF), molecular docking, and ligand sites studies (LSI) from FAAH were performed using Autogrid software and FTmap/FTsite servers. The results of both studies were merged to propose predictive models. The resulting kGCN model demonstrated adequate accuracy area under the curve by receiver operating characteristic (AUC-ROC 0.7922). From contribution maps of the Ligand-Based Drug Design (LBDD) models and the generated probes using MIF and LSI, it was observed that the oxazole ring, the ketone group, and the apolar chain present in the structures of the inhibitors are important, besides the evidence of the Cys269 and Val270 residues importance for the potential interaction, confirmed by carried docking studies. These fragments and structural information can be used to carry out new FAAH potential inhibitors studies and report kGCN as an accurate classification technique. FAAH, , (FAAH) component pain αketoheterocycle α ketoheterocycle antiinflammatory anti inflammatory vitro LigandBased Ligand Based (kGCN structureactivity structure activity HQSAR (HQSAR Meanwhile structurebased based MIF, (MIF) LSI (LSI FTmapFTsite FTmap FTsite servers AUCROC AUC ROC 0.7922. 07922 0.7922 . 0 7922 0.7922) LBDD (LBDD ring group important Cys Cys26 Val Val27 technique (FAAH (MIF 0792 0.792 792 Cys2 Val2 079 0.79 79 07 0.7 7 0.