ABSTRACT Introduction: this study links ethical premises and foundations to analyze the dimensions involved in the design of public health policies and health reforms from a social, clinical and public health perspective. Methodology: technological resources and search platforms, applications of inclusion and exclusion criteria were used to select relevant original articles, through a systematic review of the literature, in Medline, Ibecs, Pubmed, Scielo, BVS, Scopus, Web of Science databases, in English and Spanish, about ethics from the clinical, social and public health perspective, organizing the information in scientific tables. Results: the decent living conditions of individuals from any social stratum are related to the guarantees of health care and preservation of living conditions that directly impact health and well-being, and must be supported by institutions and society. Conclusion: regulatory frameworks, connected to human rights, must guarantee equitable access to health care, without discrimination, within the framework of community participation, privacy and social dialogue, influencing policy formulation, accountability, prevention of conflicts of interest and continuous evaluation of effectiveness, leading to the highest impact of health interventions.

RESUMEN Introducción: este estudio vincula premisas y fundamentaciones éticas, para el análisis de dimensiones involucradas en el diseño de políticas públicas de salud y reformas de salud, desde la perspectiva social, del ámbito clínico y de salud pública. Metodología: se utilizaron recursos tecnológicos y plataformas de búsqueda, aplica criterios de inclusión y exclusión para seleccionar artículos originales relevantes, a través de revisión sistematizada de la literatura, en bases de datos Medline, Ibecs, Pubmed, Scielo, BVS, Scopus, Web of Science, en inglés y español, acerca de la ética desde la perspectiva clínica, social y de la salud pública, organizando la información en tablas científicas. Resultados: las condiciones de vida digna de individuos de cualquier estrato social, se relacionan a las garantías de atención sanitaria y preservación de condiciones de vida que impactan directamente en la salud y el bienestar, debiendo ser respaldados por las instituciones y la sociedad. Conclusión: los marcos regulatorios, conectados a los derechos humanos, deben garantizar el acceso equitativo a la atención a la salud, sin discriminación, en el marco de la participación comunitaria, la privacidad y el dialogo social, influyendo en la formulación de políticas, la rendición de cuentas, la prevención de conflictos de interés y la evaluación continua de la efectividad, conducentes al más alto impacto de las intervenciones en salud.

Resumen Hasta 2017, solo uno de dieciocho ministerios en Perú publicó información completa en el Portal de Transparencia Estándar, conforme a lo estipulado por la Ley de Transparencia. Este artículo ofrece un diagnóstico de la evolución de ese resultado para el período 2018-2020 y registra un ligero incremento. Dos herramientas proveyeron datos: la aplicación de una tabla de indicadores de forma y contenido a la información publicada por los ministerios en sus portales y la cuantificación de esos resultados con un programa estadístico. Tres ministerios publican información completa y alcanzaron el puntaje máximo, mientras que quince de ellos no logran implementar lo estipulado en la normativa. No obstante y en conclusión, existen avances respecto al cumplimiento de la ley debido al volumen y características de datos publicados.

Abstract Until 2017, only one out of eighteen ministries in Peru published complete information on the Standard Transparency Portal, as stipulated by the Transparency Law. This article provides a diagnosis of the evolution of that result for the period 2018-2020 and records a slight increase. Two tools provided data: applying a table of indicators of form and content to the information published by ministries on their portals and assessing these results with a statistical programme. Three ministries published complete information and reached the maximum score, while fifteen failed to comply with the law. Nevertheless, there is progress concerning compliance with the law due to the volume and characteristics of published data.

Abstract Johns Hopkins Hospital was ordered to pay $261 million to the Kowalski family (1) following a lawsuit revealing ethical and systemic failures in medical care. The story follows Maya, diagnosed with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). Ketamine treatment turns into tragedy when misunderstandings lead to false accusations against the mother. Maya is separated from her parents, facing devastating consequences. This case highlights medical gaslighting. Lack of communication, institutional accountability, poor patient-physician relationships and non-maleficence contributed to this tragedy and raises ethical questions about the use of experimental treatments. The story underscores the importance of a doctor-patient relationship based on trust and empathy, as well as the need for ongoing ethical training for health professionals. Bioethics must be fundamental in medical care to avoid tragedies such as that of the Kowalski family.

Resumen El Hospital Johns Hopkins fue condenado a pagar 261 millones de dólares a la familia Kowalski (1) tras una demanda que revela fallos éticos y sistémicos en la atención médica. La historia sigue a Maya, diagnosticada con Síndrome de dolor regional complejo (SDRC). El tratamiento con ketamina se convierte en una tragedia cuando malentendidos llevan a acusaciones falsas contra la madre. Maya es separada de sus padres, enfrentando consecuencias devastadoras. Este caso destaca el “gaslighting médico”. La falta de comunicación, responsabilidad institucional, la mala relación médico-paciente y no maleficencia, contribuyeron a esta tragedia y plantea preguntas éticas sobre el uso de tratamientos experimentales. La historia subraya la importancia de una relación médico-paciente basada en la confianza y la empatía, así como la necesidad de formación ética continua para los profesionales de la salud. La bioética debe ser fundamental en la atención médica para evitar tragedias como la de la familia Kowalski.

Abstract Introduction/Frame: Treatment courts (TCs) were developed in the 1980s to address challenges facing individuals with a substance use disorder (SUD) involved in the criminal justice (CJ) system. TCs are an alternative to the punitive nature of the CJ system by joining SUD treatment with the accountability of the judicial system. By design, treatment court (TC) implementations are highly varied. Each implementation adopts the National Association of Drug Court Professionals (NADCP) key components that are consistent with yet bound by their community resources, values, and political realities. Research Questions/Objective: Using qualitative community-based participatory research, two case studies and one phenomenological study were conducted with treatment courts in a mid-Atlantic state in the USA to examine successful TC operations. Methodology: Using purposive sampling, the analytic plan included individual semi-structured interviews with judges, TC team members, program graduates, and community stakeholders. Interviews were professionally transcribed and coded consistent with thematic analysis procedures. Results: Analysis revealed themes of judicial sovereignty juxtaposed with a lack of knowledge of SUDs, the importance of a fully dedicated coordinator to serve as an extension of the judge, and purposeful courtroom set-up and norms conducive to a therapeutic rather than punitive approach. Final Considerations: Transferable recommendations to other specialty docket evaluators and teams which can be adopted to fit a variety of dockets, including mental health court, veterans court, and juvenile court include mandatory judicial training, evolving operations norms, values alignment among the TC team, and a TC coordinator to oversee day-to-day operations. In addition, stakeholder engagement to drive an iterative evaluation process converges with the traditions of action research in community settings.

RESUMO O artigo tem como proposta trazer reflexões a partir dos inquéritos policiais contidos nos autos de 14 processos judiciais sobre o crime de aborto na capital do Rio de Janeiro entre os anos de 2005 e 2019. A partir da Sociologia da Moral, proponho caminhos para analisar as moralidades envolvidas na produção do inquérito policial por meio dos accounts registrados nos documentos de termo de declaração, produzidos na delegacia com os relatos de acusadas e de testemunhas quando envolvidas na infração penal do crime de aborto. 1 200 2019 Moral declaração 20 201 2

ABSTRACT The article reflects on police investigations that led to 14 criminal prosecutions for induced abortion in Rio de Janeiro city between 2005 and 2019. Adopting an approach informed by the Sociology of Morality, I propose to analyze the moralities involved in the construction of police inquiries from the social accounts contained in the documents produced at police stations recording the depositions of the accused women and the witnesses involved in the criminal offense of induced abortion. 1 200 2019 Morality 20 201 2

Abstract This study is set within the realm of community education, focusing on teachers working with Tseltal communities in Chiapas, Mexico. Historically, interactions between learning assessment and indigenous communities have been contentious due to the past use of assessment as a tool for control and accountability, creating inequities in these settings. This research aims to bridge these dimensions, investigating how Tseltal teachers understand the notion of learning assessment from their own cultural and linguistic context. The aim was to understand this process through the unique assessment concepts and practices of community educators. Thus, the main purpose is to comprehend how, from culture and language, Tseltal community teachers in Chiapas conceptualize learning assessment. A qualitative methodological approach was used, taking the systematization of experiences as the main interpretive and analytical reference. It is important to note that this study presents information from an initial immersion in the field.

Resumen Este estudio se sitúa en el ámbito de la educación comunitaria y se enfoca en los docentes que trabajan con comunidades tseltales en Chiapas, México. Tradicionalmente, las interacciones entre la evaluación del aprendizaje y las comunidades indígenas han sido conflictivas debido al histórico uso de la evaluación como herramienta de control y rendición de cuentas, generando inequidades en estos contextos. Esta investigación intenta establecer un puente entre estas dimensiones, indagando en cómo entienden los maestros tseltales la noción de la evaluación del aprendizaje a partir de su propio contexto cultural y lingüístico. Se buscó entender este proceso a través de las concepciones y prácticas de evaluación propias de los educadores comunitarios. Así, el propósito principal es entender cómo, desde la cultura y el idioma, los docentes comunitarios tseltales en Chiapas conceptualizan la evaluación del aprendizaje. Se utilizó un enfoque metodológico cualitativo, tomando la sistematización de experiencias como principal referencia interpretativa y analítica. Es importante señalar que este estudio presenta información de una primera inmersión en el campo.

Abstract This paper aims to analyze the performance of Brazil’s Office Comptroller General (CGU) in the Bolsonaro Government concerning encouraging social accountability, as well as identifying the prospects for building democratic processes with civil society based on the new structure of the CGU, which has been changed since the beginning of the new Lula Government. In this sense, we also study three civil society organizations that have been working in partnership with the CGU, such as the Instituto de Fiscalização e Controle (IFC), the Observatório Social do Brasil (OSB), and the Amigos Associados de Ribeirão Bonito (Amarribo). Furthermore, we use a qualitative methodology based on document analysis, literature review, and interviews with CGU bureaucrats and representatives of civil society organizations. Despite the progress, there are challenges generated by structural problems, funding difficulties, and the disarticulation of network actions, which has been aggravated by the Covid-19 pandemic and the dismantling of policies generated by the previous government. However, since 2023, CGU, with a new institutional structure, has been working to get closer to civil society, looking for ways and strategies to stimulate social accountability. Brazils Brazil s (CGU accountability sense IFC, IFC , (IFC) OSB, OSB (OSB) Amarribo. Amarribo . (Amarribo) Furthermore analysis review progress problems difficulties actions Covid19 Covid 19 Covid-1 government However 2023 (IFC (OSB (Amarribo Covid1 1 Covid- 202 20 2

Resumo Este artigo busca analisar a atuação da Controladoria Geral da União (CGU) no governo Bolsonaro, no que se refere ao incentivo à accountability social, bem como identificar as perspectivas de construção de processos democráticos com a sociedade civil a partir da nova estrutura da CGU, que está sendo alterada desde o início do governo Lula. Diante disso, são estudadas três organizações da sociedade civil que têm atuado em parceria com a CGU: o Instituto de Fiscalização e Controle (IFC), o Observatório Social do Brasil (OSB) e os Amigos Associados de Ribeirão Bonito (Amarribo). Além disso, utiliza-se metodologia qualitativa baseada em análise documental, revisão bibliográfica e entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas com burocratas da CGU e com representantes das organizações da sociedade civil. A governança pública tem sido uma preocupação compartilhada na relação entre Estado e sociedade, em especial com a CGU se destacando na promoção do controle social. Apesar dos avanços observados, há desafios gerados por problemas estruturais, dificuldades de financiamento e desarticulação das ações em rede, o que se agravou com a pandemia de Covid-19 e o desmonte de políticas gerado pelo governo anterior. Porém, a partir de 2023, a CGU, com uma nova estrutura institucional, tem atuado no sentido de se reaproximar da sociedade civil, procurando formas e estratégias para estimular a accountability social. (CGU Bolsonaro social Lula disso IFC, IFC , (IFC) OSB (OSB Amarribo. Amarribo . (Amarribo) utilizase utiliza documental observados estruturais rede Covid19 Covid 19 Covid-1 anterior Porém 2023 institucional (IFC (Amarribo Covid1 1 Covid- 202 20 2

Resumen Este artículo presenta una investigación tiene por propósito indagar qué están comprendiendo por enfoque bidireccional las universidades chilenas y caracterizar el impacto de esa comprensión en las propuestas metodológicas para relacionarse con sus entornos relevantes. Para ello, se propone una investigación cualitativa que analiza el contenido de 55 políticas de vinculación con el medio. Los resultados permiten distinguir una comprensión superflua del enfoque bidireccional eventualmente condicionada a partir de los criterios de acreditación y la presión externa por la rendición de cuentas. Se advierte que lo anterior estaría impactando de manera significativa en la utilización de abordajes metodológicos que difícilmente pueden promover el diálogo fluido y horizontal entre las universidades y sus entornos.

Abstract This article presents a research whose purpose is to investigate what Chilean universities are understanding through a bidirectional approach and to characterize the impact of this understanding on the methodological proposals to relate to their relevant environments. To this end, a qualitative investigation is proposed that analyzes the content of 55 policies relating to the environment. The results allow us to distinguish a superfluous understanding of the bidirectional approach eventually conditioned by its constitution as an accreditation criterion and the pressure for external accountability. It is noted that the above would be significantly impacting the use of methodological approaches that can hardly promote fluid and horizontal dialogue between universities and their environments.

Abstract: In 1928, the Delhi Health and Social Service Union was established to centralize and coordinate the various public health projects in Delhi Province. During its brief existence-it was dissolved in 1932-it intervened in areas such as inspection of school children, maternity and child welfare, health campaigns, housing, overcrowding, and beggary, among others. The analysis of the Union will provide insight into important debates about public health in 1910s, 1920s, and 1930s. This study will examine the relevance of the Indian population’s active participation through volunteer work and donations, and the participation of the colonial government, which would lead the way without assuming full responsibility, particularly in financial matters. However, some critical voices saw the need for more direct colonial state intervention, as well as the need for a central organization.

Resumen: En 1928 se formó la Delhi Health and Social Service Union, que buscaba centralizar y coordinar los varios proyectos de salud pública en la provincia de Delhi. Durante su breve existencia, pues se disolvió en 1932, intervino en áreas como la inspección de niños y niñas en escuelas, el bienestar materno-infantil, la promoción de la salud, la vivienda, el hacinamiento y la mendicidad, entre otras. El análisis de su funcionamiento permitirá entender debates importantes sobre salud pública durante las décadas de 1910 a 1930 que incluían: la relevancia de que la población india interviniera activamente con trabajo voluntario y donaciones, y la participación del gobierno colonial, que daría la pauta, pero sin asumir un compromiso mayor, principalmente de carácter financiero. Sin embargo, había voces críticas que veían la necesidad de que el Estado colonial interviniera de manera más directa y de que hubiera una organización central.

When "quality being everyone's business" coincides with the reality of a disruptive work environment, critical self-evaluation becomes an essential tool to ensure accountability. Academics who design curricula and their tuition offering have a certain degree of freedom in what and how they teach. However, academics need to be consciously discerning, yet inclusive, about the voices that should speak into curriculum design. This study operates from the principle of co-creation in curriculum design and acknowledges the multiplicity of relevant voices that speak into curriculum design. These voices are influenced by the past, present, and possibilities of the potential future. To remain relevant in the imagined future, this research identified the co-creators and curriculum design partners for the multidisciplinary field of knowledge management. The curricula of three related academic departments were analysed to determine knowledge management tuition linkages. These curricula were then compared with the Skills Framework for the Information Age (SFIA) level descriptors. Following on from this desktop analysis, Sensemaker®, a distributed digital ethnographic methodology was piloted that will be used to collect micro-narratives from emergent curriculum co-creators. This article identifies gaps in current curricula, expresses expectations for future possibilities and highlights potential niche opportunities for knowledge management curriculum design. CATEGORIES: Knowledge management ~ Curriculum and skills competency

Abstract State and municipal finances in Mexico depend almost entirely on federal transfers. In indigenous municipalities, this dependency is greater, as in the case of Oxchuc, in the Altos region of the state of Chiapas. The objective of this work is to demonstrate, through a comparative analysis with other municipalities in Chiapas and Nuevo León, how the transfers received in the Oxchuc city council caused conflicts and a fight of factions for the control of these resources, wich transcends regulatory systems, and is maintained in the government elected by uses and customs.

Resumen En México, las finanzas estatales y municipales dependen casi totalmente de las transferencias federales. En los municipios indígenas esa dependencia es mayor, como en el caso de Oxchuc, en la región de Los Altos de Chiapas. El objetivo de este trabajo es demostrar, a través de un análisis comparativo con otros municipios de Chiapas y Nuevo León, cómo las transferencias recibidas en el ayuntamiento de Oxchuc ocasionaron conflictos y una lucha de facciones por el control de esos recursos, que trasciende los sistemas normativos, y se mantiene en el gobierno elegido por usos y costumbres.

Resumen Al considerar la importancia que actualmente tiene el compromiso social, se ha explorado la perspectiva de uno de los campos de aplicación dentro de las instituciones de educación superior. En este contexto, se examinó la situación actual de la Universidad Técnica de Machala respecto a responsabilidad social y consumo sostenible, desempeñando funciones relacionadas con la enseñanza e investigación. Se llevó a cabo una recopilación de datos que permitió elaborar una evaluación sobre las deficiencias de conocimiento en cuanto a responsabilidad social y cómo esto afecta al consumo responsable. Después, se evaluó el campus en términos de responsabilidad, administración del conocimiento social y participación comunitaria, revelando un nivel de conocimiento insatisfactorio. En cuanto a los asuntos de responsabilidad social y consumo sustentable, se observa una limitación en los resultados relacionados con la gestión y la participación. Sin embargo, la producción científica, junto con los programas y grupos de investigación, se enfocan principalmente en temas vinculados a la conservación del medio ambiente, el bienestar social y la innovación. A pesar de las carencias en el entendimiento de la responsabilidad social, los participantes mostraron una completa comprensión de los impactos ambientales resultantes del consumo sostenible.

Abstract When considering the importance that social commitment currently has, the perspective of one of the fields of application within higher education institutions has been explored. In this context, the current situation of the Technical University of Machala was examined regarding Social Responsibility and Sustainable Consumption, performing functions related to teaching and research. A data collection was carried out that made it possible to prepare an evaluation of the deficiencies in knowledge regarding Social Responsibility and how this affects responsible consumption. The campus was then evaluated in terms of accountability, social knowledge management, and community participation, revealing an unsatisfactory level of knowledge. Regarding the issues of social responsibility and sustainable consumption, a limitation is observed in the results related to management and participation. However, scientific production, along with research programs and groups, focus mainly on issues linked to environmental conservation, social well-being and innovation. Despite gaps in understanding of social responsibility, participants showed a complete understanding of the environmental impacts resulting from sustainable consumption.

El servicio civil es un sistema que comprende medidas institucionales para organizar y gestionar los recursos humanos a cargo del Estado, consolidando tanto los derechos y mejora del desempeño de los servidores públicos como los intereses de la sociedad. El objeto de la investigación fue realizar un análisis de las políticas públicas del servicio civil peruano y las experiencias de otros países del mundo. Se ha realizado una revisión sistemática utilizando la metodología PRISMA y se han revisado las siguientes bases de datos: Scopus, Scielo y Web of Science. Se han clasificado 24 artículos de los cuales el 45.83% corresponde a gestión, en 41.67% la implementación y 12.50% en regímenes laborales del servicio civil. Se concluye que la implementación de las políticas del servicio civil peruano y otros países del mundo ha tenido avances significativos, sin embargo, es necesario fortalecer la cultura de la meritocracia, impulsar la transparencia, la rendición de cuentas y promover la formación continua de los servidores civiles, para asegurar una administración pública más eficiente y al servicio de los ciudadanos

The civil service is a system that comprises institutional measures to organize and manage human resources in charge of the State, consolidating both the rights and performance improvement of public servants and the interests of society. The purpose of the research was to conduct an analysis of Peruvian civil service public policies and the experiences of other countries in the world. A systematic review was carried out using the PRISMA methodology and the following databases were reviewed: Scopus, Scielo and Web of Science. Twenty-four articles were classified, of which 45.83% corresponded to management, 41.67% to implementation and 12.50% to civil service labor regimes. It is concluded that the implementation of civil service policies in Peru and other countries of the world has had significant progress, however, it is necessary to strengthen the culture of meritocracy, promote transparency, accountability and promote continuous training of civil servants to ensure a more efficient public administration at the service of citizens

Abstract By means of a legal approach and a literature review, this research underlines the conceptual relationship between citizen security, human rights, democracy, and accountability. The state configures security standards such as national, public and citizen security; of these, only the latter offers substantive elements that shape the foundations for discussing this relationship. Based on Amartya Sen’s theory the “meta-right to citizen security”, the study assesses the prospect of people demanding from the state public policies that guarantee peaceful environments and lives free of violence and crime. The study concludes that accountability safeguards this meta-right. Moreover, this condition prevents abuses and fosters trust in the authorities, that are important because they determine the effectiveness of violence and crime prevention.

Resumen La investigación subraya la relación conceptual entre seguridad ciudadana, derechos humanos, democracia y rendición de cuentas, desde un enfoque jurídico y una revisión bibliográfica. El Estado interviene en modelos de seguridad como nacional, pública y ciudadana; de estos, solo el último ofrece elementos sustantivos que permiten debatir la mencionada relación. Con base en la teoría de Amartya Sen, se sugiere el “metaderecho a la seguridad ciudadana” para discutir la posibilidad que tienen las personas de exigir al Estado políticas públicas que garanticen entornos pacíficos, vidas libres de violencia y delincuencia. Se concluye que la rendición de cuentas es el medio para salvaguardar este metaderecho que, además de prevenir abusos, fomenta la confianza en las autoridades, aspectos que inciden en la efectividad de la prevención de la violencia y la criminalidad.

Resumen La corrupción se ha complicado tanto en la sociedad mundial, que una buena parte de los acuerdos y convenios internacionales la incluyen dentro de sus decálogos como un problema que hay que combatir. En esta realidad, las instituciones en el marco de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible juegan un papel preponderante, pues constituyen una oportunidad para cambiar el rumbo de la sociedad mundial. El número que corresponde al objetivo de “Paz, justicia e instituciones sólidas”, es de particular relevancia; pues supone la creación y el afianzamiento de organizaciones íntegras y sólidas, en las que la transparencia, la rendición de cuentas y el acceso a la información juegan un papel fundamental donde la integridad se convierte en la virtud central y el fundamento del desarrollo sostenible. La cuestión es simple, si vivimos en una sociedad injusta, es porque hay instituciones que tienen esas mismas características. La práctica de la transparencia y la información accesible, juegan un papel fundamental.

Abstract Corruption has become so complicated in world society that a good part of the international agreements and conventions include it within their decalogues as a problema that must be combated. In this reality, the institutions within the framework of the Sustainable Development Goals play a preponderant rol, since they constitute an opportunity to change the course of worl society. The number that corresponds to the objective of “Peace, justice and solid institutions” is of particular relevance; since it supposes the creation and consolidation of upright and solid organizations, in which transparency, accountability and Access to information play fundamental role sustainable development. The question is simple, if we live in an unjust society, it is because there are institutions that have those same characteristics. The practice of transparency and accessible information play a fundamental role.