Abstract: With the development of the system with artificial vision technology, a number of options are provided in this case to reduce mortality in traffic accidents, this type of device avoids the drowsiness of the driver by giving an alert, which is based on in computer vision technology with a specific architecture separated into three elements: raspberry pi3 +, camera and speaker. Artificial vision is emphasized in the transport units of the San Cristóbal cooperative, providing society with peace of mind when traveling in mass transit vehicles, without fear that the driver will fall asleep and suffer an accident. reducing mortality and costs in accidental risks.

Resumen: Con el desarrollo del sistema con tecnología de visión artificial, se brinda un sin número de opciones en este caso para la disminución de mortalidad en accidentes de tránsito, este tipo de dispositivos evita el estado de somnolencia del conductor dando una alerta, el cual está basado en tecnología de visión artificial con una arquitectura específica separada en tres elementos: raspberry pi3+, cámara y parlante. Se enfatiza la visión artificial, en las unidades de transporte de la cooperativa San Cristóbal, aportando a la sociedad tranquilidad a la hora de viajar en los vehículos de transporte masivo de personas, sin tener temor de que el conductor se duerma y sufra un accidente, reduciendo la mortalidad y costos en riegos accidentales.

Abstract: Every family goes through a moment of assimilation to new situations regardless of the stage they are living. If they also receive the eventuality of a minor with difficulties, this new situation would be experienced in a negative and painful way, which tends to destabilize the balance that perhaps had already been achieved. Depending on their flexibility to process the information and the organization shown in the event of the accidental event, so will the help they can transmit to the child. This article highlights the importance of acceptance of the diagnosis by the family to achieve a better social integration of children, adjusted as much as possible, to the demands of society and the influence of the teacher to meet this objective.

Resumen: Toda familia transita por un momento de asimilación ante situaciones nuevas independientemente de la etapa que estén viviendo. Si además reciben la eventualidad de un menor con dificultades, esta nueva situación sería vivenciada de manera negativa y dolorosa, lo cual tiende a desestabilizar el equilibrio que quizás ya se había logrado. En dependencia de su flexibilidad para procesar las informaciones y la organización demostrada ante el evento accidental, así será la ayuda que puedan trasmitirle al niño(a). El presente artículo destaca la importancia de la aceptación del diagnóstico por la familia para lograr una mejor integración social de los niños, ajustada lo mayormente posible, a las exigencias de la sociedad y la incidencia del docente para cumplir este objetivo.

Em Limeira, cidade do estado de São Paulo, Brasil, houve o reconhecimento da existência de trabalho infantil ligado ao setor de produção de bijuterias como problema de saúde pública. Uma das iniciativas da sociedade civil e entes governamentais foi a criação da Comissão de Erradicação do Trabalho Infantil (Cometil), para coordenar o processo de atendimento integrado a crianças e adolescentes. O objetivo deste artigo é mostrar como ocorreu a construção de soluções integradas por meio da utilização do método de estimulação dupla usado na intervenção formativa (laboratório de mudança) aplicada na Cometil. Os dados para análise e identificação de ações agentivas e aprendizagem expansiva provêm da transcrição da discussão do caso de ingestão acidental de ácido por uma criança. Os resultados mostram que o método de estimulação dupla permitiu aos atores visualizar lacunas nos serviços prestados pela rede e desenhar novo fluxo de atendimento.

In Limeira, a city in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, child labour in the production of costume jewellery was recognized as a public health issue. One of the actions taken by civil society and government departments was to create a Committee for eradication of child labour (COMETIL), and to coordinate integrated care services for children and teenagers. This article aims to show how integrated solutions were built, using as a starting point the double stimulation method in a formative intervention (Change Laboratory) at the COMETIL. Data for analysis and identification of agentive actions and expansive learning came from transcripts of a case discussion, of accidental ingestion of acid by a child. Results show that the double stimulation method helped actors to see the flaws in services provided by the town’s network and to design a new flow of care.

En la ciudad de Limeira (estado de São Paulo, Brasil) hubo el reconocimiento de la existencia de trabajo infantil vinculado al sector de producción de bisuterías como problema de salud pública. Una de las iniciativas elaboradas por la sociedad civil y entes gubernamentales fue la creación de la Comisión de Erradicación de Trabajo Infantil (COMETIL) para coordinar el proceso de atención integrando a niños y adolescentes. El objetivo de este artículo es mostrar cómo ocurrió la construcción de soluciones integradas a partir de la utilización del método de estimulación doble utilizado en la intervención formativa (laboratorio de cambio) aplicado con el COMETIL. Los datos para análisis e identificación de acciones de agencia y aprendizaje expansivo provienen de la transcripción de la discusión del caso de ingestión accidental de ácido por parte de un niño. Los resultados muestran que el método de estimulación doble permitió que los actores viesen las lagunas en los servicios prestados por la red y diseñasen un nuevo flujo de atención.

Em Limeira, cidade do estado de São Paulo, Brasil, houve o reconhecimento da existência de trabalho infantil ligado ao setor de produção de bijuterias como problema de saúde pública. Uma das iniciativas da sociedade civil e entes governamentais foi a criação da Comissão de Erradicação do Trabalho Infantil (Cometil), para coordenar o processo de atendimento integrado a crianças e adolescentes. O objetivo deste artigo é mostrar como ocorreu a construção de soluções integradas por meio da utilização do método de estimulação dupla usado na intervenção formativa (laboratório de mudança) aplicada na Cometil. Os dados para análise e identificação de ações agentivas e aprendizagem expansiva provêm da transcrição da discussão do caso de ingestão acidental de ácido por uma criança. Os resultados mostram que o método de estimulação dupla permitiu aos atores visualizar lacunas nos serviços prestados pela rede e desenhar novo fluxo de atendimento.

In Limeira, a city in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, child labour in the production of costume jewellery was recognized as a public health issue. One of the actions taken by civil society and government departments was to create a Committee for eradication of child labour (COMETIL), and to coordinate integrated care services for children and teenagers. This article aims to show how integrated solutions were built, using as a starting point the double stimulation method in a formative intervention (Change Laboratory) at the COMETIL. Data for analysis and identification of agentive actions and expansive learning came from transcripts of a case discussion, of accidental ingestion of acid by a child. Results show that the double stimulation method helped actors to see the flaws in services provided by the town’s network and to design a new flow of care.

En la ciudad de Limeira (estado de São Paulo, Brasil) hubo el reconocimiento de la existencia de trabajo infantil vinculado al sector de producción de bisuterías como problema de salud pública. Una de las iniciativas elaboradas por la sociedad civil y entes gubernamentales fue la creación de la Comisión de Erradicación de Trabajo Infantil (COMETIL) para coordinar el proceso de atención integrando a niños y adolescentes. El objetivo de este artículo es mostrar cómo ocurrió la construcción de soluciones integradas a partir de la utilización del método de estimulación doble utilizado en la intervención formativa (laboratorio de cambio) aplicado con el COMETIL. Los datos para análisis e identificación de acciones de agencia y aprendizaje expansivo provienen de la transcripción de la discusión del caso de ingestión accidental de ácido por parte de un niño. Los resultados muestran que el método de estimulación doble permitió que los actores viesen las lagunas en los servicios prestados por la red y diseñasen un nuevo flujo de atención.

BACKGROUND: Accidental falls could have severe and far-reaching consequences for older adults, their families and society at large. Healthcare practitioners' (HCPs) perspectives on fall risk factors in older adults could assist in reducing and even preventing falls. Currently, no universal tool exists for this purpose. The World Health Organization's globally accepted International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) was usedAIM: This study aimed to (1) describe the perspectives of HCPs on fall risk factors in older adults in South Africa and (2) link these factors to the ICFSETTING: Eighteen HCPs participated in two focus groupsMETHODS: Using a qualitative research design, an inductive thematic analysis allowed for the identification of important themes, which were linked to the ICFRESULTS: The factors mentioned by participants were categorised into 38 themes, which were linked to 142 ICF codes, of which 43% (n = 61) were linked to the Body Function category, 23% (n = 32) to the Environmental Factors category, 18% (n = 26) to the Body Structure category and 16% (n = 23) to the Activities and Participation category. HCPs revealed two relevant factors that were not captured in existing fall risk assessment tools (FRATs), namely 'muscle-power functions' and 'mobility-of-joint functions', which directly relate to the ability to execute mobility activities. Combining HCPs' perspectives with other stakeholders and with literature provides a holistic picture of fall risk factors in older adults

ABSTRACT Falls are common among persons with Parkinson's disease (PD). On the other hand, predicting falls is complex as there are both generic and PD-specific contributors. In particular, the role of non-motor symptoms has been less studied. Objective: The objective of this study was to identify the role of non-motor predictors of falling in persons with PD (PwP). Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in PwP recruited from a movement disorders clinic. Clinical and demographical data were collected. All PwP were assessed using the Movement Disorders Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) and the Non-Motor Symptoms Scale (NMSS). Variables were assessed at the bivariate level. Significant variables were put into a logistic regression model. Results: A total of 179 PwP were included. Overall, 16.8% of PwP had fallen in the past 12 months, with 53.3% of them being recurrent fallers. The mean number of monthly falls was 2.5 ± 3.3. Factors associated with falling in the bivariate analysis included the disease duration, Hoehn and Yahr stage, MDS-UPDRS part I and II, postural instability/gait disturbance (PIGD) subtype, NMSS urinary domain, NMSS miscellaneous domain, and non-motor severity burden (all p-values < 0.05). After multivariate analysis, only the disease duration (p = 0.03) and PIGD (p = 0.03) remained as independent risk factors. Conclusion: Disease duration and the PIGD subtype were identified as relevant risk factors for falls in PwP Non-motor symptoms appear to have a less important role as risk factors for falls.

RESUMEN Las caídas son frecuentes entre las personas con Parkinson (EP). La predicción de caídas es compleja ya que existen contribuyentes genéricos y específicos. El papel de los síntomas no motores ha sido menos estudiado. Objetivo: Identificar el papel de los factores no motores en caídas en personas con EP (PcP). Métodos: Estudio transversal en PcP reclutadas en una clínica de trastornos del movimiento. Se incluyeron datos clínicos y demográficos. Todos los PcP se evaluaron con la Escala Unificada de Enfermedad de Parkinson modificada por la Sociedad Internacional de Trastornos del Movimiento (MDS-UPDRS) y la Escala de Síntomas No Motores (NMSS). Se incluyeron variables significativas en un modelo de regresión logística. Resultados: Se incluyeron un total de 179 PcP El 16.8% había presentado una caída en los últimos doce meses y el 53.3% de forma recurrente. El número medio de caídas mensuales fue de 2.5 ± 3.3. Los factores asociados con la caída en el análisis bivariado fueron la duración de la enfermedad, Hoehn e Yahr, MDS-UPDRS parte I y II, subtipo de alteración de la marcha/inestabilidad postural (PIGD), dominio urinario del NMSS, dominio misceláneo del NMSS y carga de severidad no motora (todos los valores de p < 0.05). Después del análisis multivariado, solo la duración de la enfermedad (p = 0.03) y PIGD (p = 0.03) permanecieron como un factor de riesgo independiente. Conclusión: La duración de la enfermedad y PIGD se identificaron como factores de riesgo para caídas. Los síntomas no motores parecen tener un papel menos relevante en las caídas.

Marco contextual: Las barreras arquitectónicas asumen un peso importante en la realización de las actividades de la vida diaria de las personas con movilidad reducida. Objetivos: Comprender las fragilidades y/o potencialidades de las respuestas de los ayuntamientos locales para abolir barreras arquitectónicas para personas con movilidad condicionada cuando se encuentran en su contexto social y habitacional. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo, exploratorio, con una muestra de 21 presidentes de junta de dos municipios, a partir de un muestreo no probabilístico accidental. Resultados: De la muestra, el 76,2% de los presidentes de junta no sabe cuántas personas con discapacidad viven en su barrio. La eliminación de barreras arquitectónicas incidió sobre paseos y zonas peatonales accesibles (80%), pasos de peatones (75%), acceso a parques y jardines públicos (70%) y a cementerios y mercados (70%). Los restantes equipamientos, incluso los educacionales, tienen representaciones por debajo del 50%. Conclusión: Subsisten espacios de uso público con barreras arquitectónicas. Hay poca articulación entre los profesionales de la salud y la sociedad para promover la accesibilidad.

Enquadramento: As barreiras arquitetónicas assumem um peso importante na prossecução das atividades de vida diária para pessoas com mobilidade condicionada. Objetivos: Compreender as fragilidades e/ou potencialidades das respostas das autarquias locais para abolir barreiras arquitetónicas para pessoas com mobilidade condicionada quando inseridas no seu contexto social e habitacional. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo, exploratório, com uma amostra de 21 presidentes de junta de dois municípios, a partir de uma amostragem não probabilística acidental. Resultados: Da amostra, 76,2% presidentes de junta não sabem quantas pessoas com deficiência vivem na sua freguesia. A eliminação de barreiras arquitetónicas incidiu sobre passeios e percursos pedonais acessíveis (80%), passadeiras (75%), acesso a parques e jardins públicos (70%) e a cemitérios e mercado (70%). Os restantes equipamentos, mesmo os educacionais, têm representações abaixo de 50%. Conclusão: Subsistem espaços de uso público com barreiras arquitetónicas. Existe pouca articulação entre profissionais de saúde e a sociedade para a promoção da acessibilidade.

Background: Architectural barriers have a significant impact on the daily activities of people with reduced mobility. Objectives: To understand the weaknesses and/or opportunities in the responses of local authorities to eliminate the architectural barriers for people with reduced mobility in their social and residential context. Methodology: A descriptive, exploratory study was conducted with a sample of 21 parish council presidents from two municipalities using an accidental non-probabilistic sampling method. Results: In this sample, 76.2% of parish council presidents do not know how many people with disabilities live in their parish. The elimination of architectural barriers focused on accessible sidewalks and pedestrian routes (80%), pedestrian crossings (75%), access to public parks and gardens (70%), and access to cemeteries and markets (70%). Other equipment, even educational ones, represent less than 50%. Conclusion: Some public spaces still have architectural barriers. There is little cooperation between health professionals and society to promote accessibility.

Accidental caustic and foreign body ingestion by young children lead to a high number of emergency department visits, especially in lower- and middle-income countries. Some of these cause minimal tissue injury or pass spontaneously and uneventfully through the gastrointestinal tract; others may cause major morbidity, or rarely mortality. Increased primary prevention of ingestion through community awareness and vigilant childcare in addition to legislative steps to ensure a safe environment for these vulnerable members of society are needed. Secondary prevention of long-term sequelae through timely and appropriate assessment and referral for endoscopy, laparotomy or other treatments can limit morbidity where primary prevention fails. Basic guidelines for management principles are suggested. Social lobby is required to further reform commercial risks to children in addition to creating caregiver awareness of common environmental hazards, particularly in developing countries such as South Africa.

La terminología empleada para definir los depósitos clásticos relacionados con la actividad volcánica, tiene importantes implicaciones para la sociedad en regiones circundantes a volcanes. Teniendo en cuenta la importancia de un lenguaje común, que se incrementa cuando se relaciona el registro geológico con las amenazas volcánicas potenciales, y la sociedad en general, en este trabajo se presenta una clasificación integral que conecta las características de los depósitos volcaniclásticos y los fragmentos constituyentes con la formación y los procesos de sedimentación (eruptivos y no eruptivos). Esta clasificación se propone como base de referencia para la comunidad científica hispanohablante con el fin de saldar las incontables inconsistencias dadas a partir de múltiples traducciones. Adicionalmente, se presenta un diagrama de flujo tanto en español como en inglés, que ilustra el sistema de clasificación integral el cual es útil para describir y definir tanto depósitos consolidados/litificados como no consolidados. Esta clasificación es útil para ser usada tanto en definición como en comunicación de la amenaza volcánica potencial.

The terms used to define the clastic deposits related to volcanic activity have important implications for the society in volcanic regions. Taking into account the importance of using a common terminology when considering natural hazards in the Spanish-speaking world, this study presents a classification of volcaniclastic deposits. This classification attempts to integrate the terminology related to the formational and depositional processes (eruptive and non-eruptive) taking place at volcanoes with the resulting volcaniclastic deposits and their constituent components. The classification emphasizes on how both physical and temporal variations in volcanic activity are responsible for observed differences in the related deposits. The purpose of this classification is to be a reference for the Spanishspeaking scientific community in order to avoid the numerous inconsistencies derived from the existing translations from multiple authors. Additionally, we present a flow diagram in both Spanish and English to illustrate that this classification system can be used to define and classify consolidated/lithified, and unconsolidated deposits. The appropriate classification of volcaniclastic deposits and their constituents can ultimately improve the definition and communication of potential volcanic hazards.

Carbamatos são os pesticidas mais frequentemente encontrados em alimentos e bebidas de coloração escura em casos de intoxicação acidental ou intencional. Neste trabalho, extração líquido-líquido com partição em baixa temperatura (LLE-LTP) foi otimizada e validada para determinação dos carbamatos aldicarb, carbofuran e carbaril em bebidas de sucos de uva e leite achocolatado. Este método envolve a extração com acetonitrila, partição líquido-líquido em baixa temperatura e análise por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência com detecção ultravioleta (HPLC-UV). O método é rápido, eficiente e de baixo custo, emprega pequenos volumes de solvente por amostra e não necessita de limpeza dos extratos. O método de extração foi seletivo e apresentou porcentagens de extração acima de 90%. As premissas relacionadas com os testes estatísticos de linearidade foram verificadas e confirmadas. O método de extração e análise foi validado com resultados satisfatórios e pode ser aplicado em análises de rotina e forenses.

Carbamates are the pesticides most commonly found in dark colored foods and beverages in cases of accidental or intentional poisoning. In this work, the liquid-liquid extraction with low temperature partitioning (LLE-LTP) was optimized and validated for determination of the carbamates aldicarb, carbofuran and carbaryl in grape juice and chocolate milk beverages. This method involved extraction with acetonitrile, liquid-liquid partition at low temperature and the analysis by high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV). The method is rapid, efficient and of low-cost, employing small volumes of solvent per sample and requiring no cleanup of the extracts. The extraction methodology was selective and presented recovery percentages above 90%. The premises related to the statistical linearity tests were checked and confirmed. The method of extraction and analysis was validated with satisfactory results, and may be applied in forensic and routine analysis.

A fase extratora de politiofeno (PTh), desenvolvida por eletropolimerização em haste de aço inox, foi avaliada para microextração em fase sólida (SPME) e análise por cromatografia líquida com detecção espectrofotométrica (LC-UV) de antidepressivos inibidores seletivos da recaptação de serotonina (citalopram, paroxetina, fluoxetina e sertralina) em amostras de plasma. A influência das variáveis da eletropolimerização (velocidade de varredura de potencial, potencial e ciclos de varredura) foi avaliada no desempenho SPME. As variáveis SPME (tempo de extração, temperatura, pH da matriz, força iônica e procedimento de dessorção), assim como a influência das proteínas do plasma no mecanismo de sorção, foram também avaliadas. O método SPME-PTh/LC-UV desenvolvido para a determinação de antidepressivos em amostras de plasma apresentou faixa linear de resposta do limite de quantificação (LOQ, 200-250 ng mL-1) a 4000 ng mL-1 e precisão interensaio com coeficiente de variação no intervalo de 11 a 15%. O método proposto poderá ser utilizado para a determinação de antidepressivos em amostras de plasma humano para análises toxicológicas de urgência, após a ingestão acidental ou suicida de doses altas de medicamentos.

Polythiophene (PTh) phase electropolymerized on the stainless steel wire was evaluated as solid-phase microextraction (SPME), and analysis by liquid chromatography with spectrophotometric detection (LC-UV) for determination of new-generation antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) (citalopram, paroxetine, fluoxetine and sertraline), in plasma samples. The influence of electropolymerization variables (scan rate, potential range and scan cycles) was evaluated on SPME performance. The SPME variables (extraction time, temperature, matrix pH, ionic strength and desorption procedure), as well as the influence of plasma proteins on sorption mechanisms were also evaluated. The SPME/LC-UV method developed for determination of antidepressants in plasma sample presented a linear range between the limit of quantification (LOQ, 200-250 ng mL-1) to 4000 ng mL-1, and interday precision with coefficient of variation (CV) ranged from 11 to 15%. The proposed method can be a useful tool for the determination of antidepressants in human plasma samples in urgent toxicological analysis after the accidental or suicidal intake of higher doses of medications.

Sensitive and selective, but fast and simple assays of cyanide ion in waste and natural waters, as well as in biological samples are required in case of accidental pollution with such species. Cyanide reaction with ninhydrin has been recommended for instant detection of small traces of cyanide (detection limit 1.5 ng ml-1). However, the oxidizers and heavy metal ions, such as Hg, Cu, Ag may interfere with the determinations. Therefore, we report here cyanide determination with ninhydrin and its usage in monitoring polluted water with heavy metals. The effect of heavy metals and SH-compounds were studied in order to increase the method range of use. N-acetyl cysteine proved to be a selective reagent for protection of cyanide detection and determination against the interference of heavy metal ions.

O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar hemiparéticos com e sem histórico de quedas nos últimos seis meses (caidores e não-caidores) segundo os componentes da Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde. Dezesseis hemiparéticos não-caidores (62,3±16,6 anos), com tempo de acidente vascular encefálico (AVE) de 38,0±48,3 meses, e 16 caidores (61,0±17,0 anos), tempo de AVE de 48,0±50,7 meses, de ambos os sexos, comunitários e deambuladores, foram avaliados quanto a funções e estruturas do corpo (torque do músculo quadríceps do lado parético e escala de depressão geriátrica), atividade - velocidade de marcha (VM) natural e máxima, teste de levantar e caminhar cronometrado (timed up & go) e escala de equilíbrio de Berg - e participação (pelo perfil de saúde de Nottingham e escala de qualidade de vida específica para AVE). Os dados foram tratados estatisticamente, com nível de significância α<0,05. Não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos quanto à idade, sexo e tempo de AVE (0,56<p<0,82), nem quanto às demais caracteristicas medidas (torque, depressão, VM, equilíbrio e qualidade de vida (0,12<p<0,60). Portanto, hemiparéticos caidores apresentaram-se semelhantes aos não-caidores nos domínios funções e estruturas do corpo, atividades e participação. Fatores contextuais ambientais, não analisados, podem estar mais relacionados a episódio(s) de queda nesses indivíduos.

The aim of this study was to compare post-stroke hemiparetic subjects with and without history of falls over the last six months by using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) components. Sixteen community-dwelling hemiparetic subjects without history of falls (62.3±16.6 years, time since stroke 38±48.3 months), and 16 with history of fall(s) (60.9±17 years, time since stroke 47.9±50.8 months) of both sexes and able to walk, with or without assistive devices, were assessed as to ICF components body functions and structures (torque of the paretic limb quadriceps muscle and depression, by the geriatric depression scale), activities (natural and maximal gait speed, timed up-and-go test and Berg balance scale), and participation (by the Nottingham health profile and the stroke-specific quality of life scale). Groups were statistically compared at significance level α<0.05. No statistically significant differences were found between the groups as to age, gender or time since stroke (0.56<p<0.82), neither as to all measured features (torque, depression, gait speed, balance, health-related quality of life (0.12<p<0.60). Therefore, stroke subjects with history of falls were similar to those without history of falls in all measures related to the ICF, suggesting that non-analysed environmental factors might be more related to falls of hemiparetic post-stroke subjects.

Objetivo: El presente trabajo describe las características demográficas y clínicas de los individuos con tétanos accidental en Santa Catarina, Brasil. Materiales y métodos: se analizaron 291 casos de tétanos accidental reportados desde el año 1998 hasta 2008, a través de un estudio descriptivo tipo corte transversal. Con base en el porcentaje y frecuencia numérica, así como en la tasa de incidencia registrada según los formularios de notificación obligatoria. Resultados: La mayoría de los casos (73,54%) ocurrieron en los hombres que residen en Vale do Itajaí (30,24%). El grupo con mayor incidencia fue en el rango de edad de 35 a 49 años (32,30%). La historia completa de inmunización se informó en siete casos (2,40%), la lesión perforante fue la más observada, las extremidades inferiores fueron las más afectadas. Entre los casos reportados 87(62%) fueron confirmados; 114 (39,17%) pacientes murieron. Conclusiones: el tétanos accidental en Santa Catarina afecta a la población de manera significativa a pesar del hecho de que es una enfermedad prevenible. Las autoridades y los administradores deben planear estrategias para generar cambios en las políticas públicas relacionadas con la cobertura de inmunización de la población susceptible, sobre todo los adultos. Es importante advertir a la sociedad que el éxito de los programas de inmunización depende de la aplicación de tres dosis a intervalos establecidos, la aplicación de las dosis de refuerzo y el cumplimiento del calendario de vacunación.

Objetive: This work describes demographic and clinical characteristics of individuals with accidental tetanus in Santa Catarina, Brazil. Materials and Methods: 291 cases of accidental tetanus reported from 1998 to 2008 were analyzed retrospectively through a cross-sectional, descriptive and correlated study based on percentage and numeric frequency as well as on number and incidence rate (i.r.) found in compulsory notification forms. Results: Most cases (73,54%) occurred among men residing in Vale do Itajaí (30,24%). The age group with the highest incidence was within the 35 to 49 range (32,30%). Complete immunization history was reported in seven cases (2,40%), the perforating injury being the most observed and the lower limbs the most affected ones.Among the reported cases, 87,62% were confirmed; 114 (39,17%) patients died. Conclusions: Accidental tetanus in Santa Catarina affects the population in a significant way despite the fact that it is an immune preventable disease. The authorities and administrators must plan strategies to address changes in public policies related to immunization coverage of the susceptible population, mainly adults. Above all, it is important to warn society that the success of immunization programs depends on the application of three doses at set intervals, application of booster doses and compliance with the vaccination schedule.

Dois complexos contendo vanádio e lítio, [V6Li10O8(ONep)14{OSi(Me)2(ONep)2}] (1)e [V(ONep)3(µ-ONep)2Li(thf)2] (2), Nep = neopentila, Me = metila e thf = tetraidrofurano, foram isolados em alto rendimento e caracterizados por diversas técnicas incluindo espectroscopias de ressonância paramagnética eletrônica (RPE, banda X) e ressonância magnética nuclear (RMN) de 29Si, medidas de susceptibilidade magnética e difratometria de raios X de monocristal. A despeito das condições similares de preparação, os dois produtos apresentam características estruturais admiravelmente distintivas: o complexo binuclear não-oxo 2é um simples produto de adição de "V(ONep)4" e "Li(ONep)(thf)2", enquanto 1é um agregado de valência mista com 16 centros metálicos. O oxoalcóxido molecular 1também contém grupos silanolatos, {OSi(Me2)(ONep)}-, produzidos por ataque nucleofílico de neopentóxidos à graxa de silicone dissolvida acidentalmente no meio de reação.Ambos os produtos têm aplicações promissoras em síntese orgânica e inorgânica, incluindo a preparação de óxidos mistos pouco comuns contendo vanádio, lítio e/ou silício.

Two complexes containing both vanadium and lithium, [V6Li10O8(ONep)14{O2Si(Me)2(ONep)}2] (1) and [V(ONep)3(µ-ONep)2Li(thf)2] (2), Nep = neopentyl, Me = methyl and thf = tetrahydrofuran, have been isolated in high yield and characterised by a number of techniques including X-band electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and 29Si{¹H} nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies, magnetic susceptibility measurements and single crystal X-ray diffractometry. Despite the similar preparation conditions, the two products present remarkably distinctive structural features: complex 2is a binuclear adduct of "V(ONep)4" and "Li(ONep)(thf)2", while 1is a mixed-valence, 16-metal aggregate. The large molecular oxoalkoxide 1also contains silanolate units, {OSi(Me2)(ONep)} -, produced by nucleophilic attack of neopentoxide groups on Si-O bonds of silicone grease accidentally dissolved in the reaction media. Both products have promising applications in organic and inorganic synthesis, including the preparation of uncommon V-Li and/or Si containing oxides.