Abstract More than 90% of spermatozoa of boars in pork producing countries is stored in liquid at 17 °C; however, the quality of these spermatozoa is affected by bacterial breeding and oxidative damage. This study analyzed sperm quality and sperm capacitation after storage to study the effects of the effects of ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) supplementation on seminal plasma (SP)-free sperm preservation. We investigated the effects of adding 20, 50, 100 and 200 μg/mL of ZnO NPs to a seminal free boar sperm diluent over a 7-day period at 17 °C to assess the changes in non-capacitated/capacitated sperm quality parameters, antioxidant capacity, ATP content and extent of protein tyrosine phosphorylation. The addition of different doses of ZnO NPs to stored sperm did not induce significant effects on the sperm motility and ATP content when compared to the sperm without ZnO NPs treatment. However, the addition of 50, 100, 200 μg/mL ZnO NPs to stored sperm improved total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and CuZn-superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD) (p < 0.05). ZnO NPs also reduced the malondialdehyde (MDA) content of the preserved sperm (p < 0.05). Moreover, our results indicate that the supplementation of 50 μg/mL ZnO NPs to preserved sperm improved the sperm membrane integrity (p < 0.05). ZnO NPs exerted protective effects on protein tyrosine phosphorylation, especially with regards to membrane proteins. Following incubation and capacitation, sperm exhibited good levels of protein tyrosine phosphorylation and ATP levels with high T-AOC and CuZn-SOD activity and low MDA content. ZnO NPs exerted protective capacity to a preservation extender used for SP-free boar sperm during storage at 17 °C. The optimal concentration of ZnO NPs for preservation extender was 50 μg/mL.

Resumen Introducción. Existe una gran preocupación humana por la resistencia a los antibióticos debido a su uso inadecuado como promotores del crecimiento en la cría de animales. Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto de altos niveles de zinc como sustituto del antibiótico en lechones destetados. Material y métodos. El estudio se realizó de junio a agosto de 2022 en la provincia de Chiriquí, Panamá. El periodo experimental estuvo compuesto por tres fases con 14 días por fase. Los cerdos destetados (n= 54) fueron asignados a uno de tres tratamientos con seis repeticiones por tratamiento y tres cerdos por repetición. Los tratamientos fueron: 1) dieta control, formulada para suplir los requerimientos nutricionales para cerdos destetados; 2) similar al tratamiento 1, más 200 mg de amoxicilina/kg de alimento y 40 mg de florfenicol/kg de alimento durante la fase 1 (P1) y fase 2 (P2), respectivamente; y 3) similar al tratamiento 1, más 2000 ppm y 1600 ppm de zinc durante P1 y P2, respectivamente. En la fase 3 (P3), todos los cerdos fueron alimentados con una dieta común. Resultados. La suplementación con zinc mejoró la ganancia de peso en todas las fases. Los cerdos alimentados con zinc tuvieron mejor relación F:G en P2 en comparación a los cerdos suplementados con antibiótico (p < 0.05). Se encontró una mayor concentración de hemoglobina y porcentaje de monocitos en cerdos alimentados con zinc que en los otros tratamientos (p < 0.05). Los cerdos alimentados con antibiótico o la dieta control tuvieron un menor porcentaje de materia seca fecal en comparación a los suplementados con zinc (p < 0.05). Conclusión. La suplementación de altos niveles de zinc ejerció mejoras, en comparación al antibiótico, en cuanto a la concentración de hemoglobina, incidencia de diarrea y ganancia de peso en cerdos durante los 42 días posteriores al destete.

Abstract Introduction. There is a great human concern about antibiotics resistance due to their inappropriate use as growth promoters in animal husbandry. Objective. To evaluate the effect of a high level of zinc as a substitute to antibiotics in nursery pigs. Material and methods. The study was carried out from June to August 2022 in the province of Chiriqui, Panama. The experimental period was composed of three phases with 14 days per phase. The nursery pigs (n= 54) were distributed to one of three treatments with six replicates per treatment and three pigs per replicate. The treatments were: 1) control diet, which was formulated to meet the nutritional requirements for nursery pigs; 2) similar to treatment 1, plus 200 mg of amoxicillin/kg of feed and 40 mg of florfenicol/kg of feed during phase 1 (P1) and phase 2 (P2), respectively; and 3) similar to treatment 1, plus 2000 ppm and 1600 ppm of zinc during P1 and P2, respectively. In phase 3 (P3), all pigs were fed a common diet. Results. The supplementation of zinc improved the average daily gain in all phases. Pigs fed zinc diet had better F:G ratio in P2 compared to pigs fed antibiotic diet (p < 0.05). A higher concentration of hemoglobin and percentage of monocytes was found in pigs fed with higher level of zinc than the other treatments (p < 0.05). Furthermore, Pigs fed the antibiotic, or the control diet had a lower percentage of fecal dry matter compared to those supplemented with zinc. (p < 0.05). Conclusion. The supplementation of high levels of zinc exerted improvements, in comparison to the antibiotic, in terms of hemoglobin concentration, incidence of diarrhea and weight gain in pigs during 42 days after weaning.

Abstract: Foliar application of metal nanoparticles represents a promising strategy for enhancing both yield and nutritional quality in horticultural crops. This study focused on the foliar application of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) across a range of concentrations (0, 150, 200, 250, 300, and 350 mg L-1) and assessed their impact on the yield and nutraceutical profile of melon fruits. Our findings revealed specific effects at different concentration levels: lower concentrations (150 mg L"1) improved yield and biophysical quality; intermedíate concentrations (250 mg L"i) enhanced enzymatic and non- enzymatic antioxidants; while higher concentrations (300-350 mg L"i) resulted in reduced yield and enzymatic activity, accompanied by elevated Zn concentration in melon pulp. The utilization of ZnO NPs presents a viable avenue for enhancing both the biophysical quality and antioxidant content of melon fruits. However, it is crucial to note that their effects are dose-dependent, capable of inducing either beneficial or inhibitory outcomes. Consequently, further comprehensive investigations are warranted to elucidate optimal application dosages and maximize the potential benefits of ZnO NPs in horticultural production.

Resumen. - El presente artículo, se enfoca en el uso de nanopartículas para el desarrollo de un protector solar para el cuidado de la piel, que contiene nanopartículas de óxido de zinc y nanopartículas de óxido de plata, estas nanopartículas contienen efectos antioxidantes, antimicrobianos, antiinflamatorios y cicatrizantes, empleando ZnO el cual se propone a ser sintetizado a través del método hidrotermal y las nanopartículas de Ag 2 O por agitación constante, a través de las caracterizaciones como XRD, Uv-vis, Raman y medición de pH, se buscará obtener datos acerca de nuestras nanopartículas y el producto final que es un protector solar para el cuidado de la piel; las caracterizaciones aportaran datos como la fase cristalina, el grado de absorbancia, y la estructura química de las nanopartículas. De acuerdo a literatura consultada, el uso de nanopartículas de óxido de zinc decoradas con nanopartículas de óxido de plata para uso tópico, tiene propiedades para generar los efectos anteriormente mencionados (antioxidantes, antimicrobianos, antiinflamatorios y cicatrizantes). Actualmente diversos protectores solares emplean óxido de zinc y algunos otros oxido de plata, es por ello que la presente propuesta busca aplicar ambos materiales a escala nanométrica para la elaboración de una crema que, se tiene previsto, en un futuro se pueda utilizar para personas con problemas de piel, tales como la dermatitis, inclusive se plantea el poder usarlo para los diabéticos.

Abstract. - This article is about the use of nanoparticles for the development of sunscreen for skin care based on zinc oxide nanoparticles and silver oxide nanoparticles, with antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and healing effects, using ZnO which is proposed to be synthesized through the hydrothermal method and Ag 2 O nanoparticles by constant agitation, through characterizations such as XRD, Uv-vis, Raman and pH measurement, we will seek to obtain data about our nanoparticles and the final product which is a sunscreen for skin care; The characterizations will provide data such as the crystalline phase, the degree of absorbance, and the chemical structure of the nanoparticles. According to the literature, zinc oxide nanoparticles decorated with silver oxide nanoparticles for topical use have properties that generate the effects above (antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and healing). Currently, several sunscreens use zinc oxide and some others silver oxide, which is why the present proposal seeks to apply both materials at a nanometric scale for the elaboration of a cream that, it is expected, in the future can be used for people with skin problems, such as dermatitis, including the possibility of using it for diabetics.

RESUMEN El uso de nanopartículas (NPs) en la agricultura presenta diversas aplicaciones, entre las cuales se destaca el potencial para aumentar las tasas de producción y mejorar los valores nutricionales de las plantas. Este estudio se centra en la aplicación foliar de nanopartículas de óxido de zinc (NPs-ZnO) en plantas de Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolia producidas en un sistema hidropónico con la técnica de película de nutrientes (NFT). La investigación se llevó a cabo durante el ciclo otoño-invierno 2022-2023. El objetivo principal de la investigación fue evaluar el impacto de las NPs-ZnO sobre el rendimiento, compuestos bioactivos y actividad enzimática en lechuga. Los tratamientos evaluados fueron: tratamiento control (0) y cuatro dosis equidistantes de 10, 20, 30 y 40 mg L-1 de nanopartículas; el diseño utilizado fue completamente al azar. Los resultados revelan que la concentración de zinc (Zn2+) en las plantas aumenta significativamente con la aplicación de NPs-ZnO, lo que conlleva a mayor producción de metabolitos beneficiosos para el cultivo. Es destacable que la concentración de 40 mg L-1 de NPs-ZnO haya mostrado mejoras significativas con respecto al tratamiento control en todas las variables evaluadas; peso fresco, materia seca, contenido de zinc, clorofila total, carotenoides totales, fenoles totales, capacidad antioxidante, flavonoides totales, vitamina C, catalasa y peroxidasa, sugiriendo que esta dosis específica podría ser óptima para obtener máximos beneficios. Por lo tanto, la aplicación foliar de NPs ZnO es una manera práctica de enriquecer las plantas de lechuga y mitigar las deficiencias de este micronutriente en la población.

ABSTRACT The use of nanoparticles (NPs) in agriculture offers diverse applications, with a noteworthy emphasis on enhancing production rates and elevating the nutritional values of plants. This study specifically explores the foliar application of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) in Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolia cultivated through a hydroponic system utilizing the nutrient film technique (NFT). The research was carried out during the autumn-winter cycle of 2022-2023. The main objective of this research was to assess the impact of NPs ZnO on yield, bioactive compounds, and enzymatic activity in lettuce. The treatments under evaluation included a control treatment (0) and four equidistant doses of 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg L-1 of nanoparticles. The experimental design employed was completely randomized. The results obtained indicate a significant increase in the concentration of zinc (Zn2+) in plants with the application of ZnO NPs, resulting in a heightened production of beneficial metabolites for the crop. Remarkably, the concentration of 40 mg L-1 of ZnO NPs demonstrated significant improvements in comparison to the control treatment across all evaluated variables: fresh weight, dry matter, zinc content, total chlorophyll, total carotenoids, total phenolics, antioxidant capacity, total flavonoids, vitamin C, catalase and peroxidase. These findings suggest that this specific dose could be optimal for achieving maximum benefits. In conclusion, foliar application of ZnO NPs emerges as a practical approach to enrich lettuce plants and alleviate micronutrient deficiencies in the population.

Resumen El objetivo de la investigación fue evaluar la actividad antifúngica in vitro de dos extractos, gobernadora (Larrea tridentata L.) y mostaza (Sinapis alba L.) nanoformulados con nanopartículas de óxido de silicio y óxido de zinc (200 a 400 μ globulares), sobre el crecimiento micelial y la esporulación de Fusarium solani, uno de los fitopatógenos causante de la marchitez vascular y pudrición de raíces en al menos 100 cultivos de importancia económica. Utilizando el método medios envenenados se determinaron las concentraciones inhibitorias y el número de conidios. Los datos fueron analizados mediante un análisis probit, Anova y prueba de Tukey (p≤ 0.05). Los resultados demostraron que los tratamientos de mostaza sola presentan las DI50 más efectiva con 920.57 ppm; sin embargo, la mezcla de mostaza y gobernadora con SO2 presentó resultados significativos sobre la esporulación, con una formación de 0.35 y 0.48 millones de conidios ml-1 para gobernadora SO2 3% y mostaza SO2 5% en comparación con el testigo (7.78).

Abstract The objective of the research was to evaluate the in vitro antifungal activity of two extracts, creosote bush (Larrea tridentata L.) and mustard (Sinapis alba L.), nanoformulated with silicon oxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles (200 to 400 μ globular) on the mycelial growth and sporulation of Fusarium solani, one of the plant pathogens causing vascular wilt and root rot in at least 100 economically important crops. Inhibitory concentrations and the number of conidia were determined using the poisoned media method. Data were analyzed using probit analysis, Anova, and Tukey’s test (p≤ 0.05). The results showed that mustard-only treatments have the most effective ID50 with 920.57 ppm; nevertheless, the mixture of mustard and creosote bush with SO2 presented significant results on sporulation, with a formation of 0.35 and 0.48 million conidia ml-1 for creosote bush 3% SO2 and mustard 5% SO2 compared to the control (7.78).

Due to its multiple applications, zinc oxide (ZnO) is one of the most used materials in science and technology. Therefore, this research carried out the synthesis of ZnO and Pt-ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) by the direct precipitation method, which is characterized by being simple and reproducible, using two different precipitating agents, potassium hydroxide (KOH) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH); for the doping of Pt-ZnO NPs was used platinum acetylacetone. To evaluate the effect of the precipitating agent on the properties of each doped material, they were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, where the Zn-O vibrations were more pronounced using KOH. X-ray diffraction analysis shows a hexagonal structure (wurtzite) formation for ZnO with NaOH, obtaining a smaller crystal size than the other synthesized materials. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed hexagonal and hemispherical shapes for ZnO (with NaOH and KOH) and Pt-ZnO (with NaOH), respectively; also, cylindrical shapes were obtained for Pt-ZnO (with KOH). The highest band gap obtained was for the Pt-ZnO material synthesized with KOH.

Green nanotechnology is an environmentally friendly method that can reduce the negative impacts of chemical materials on humans and the environment. In this study, aqueous extracts of Foeniculum vulgare seed were used for the green synthesis of ZnONPs. The experiment was done in a nutrient solution supplemented with either ZnONPs or bulk ZnO (0, 4, 6 and 8 mM) in two mycelial strains of Ganoderma lucidum. To confirm that nanoparticles were synthesized, relevant devices were used, i.e. ultraviolet (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fier conversion infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron analysis Microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The size of ZnONPs varied between 13 and 25 nm. ZnONPs and bulk ZnO were used for evaluating several growth factors, such as diameter and area of the colony, percentage of inhibition, physiological and biochemical traits. The results showed that ZnONPs and bulk ZnO reduced the mycelial growth rate, but significantly increased the contents of MDA (lipid peroxidation), H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide), EC (electrolyte leakage), CAT (catalase), SOD (superoxide dismutase) and POD (peroxidase). The concentration of ZnONPs and bulk ZnO, up to 6 mM, increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes, but higher concentrations reduced the activity. ZnONPs and bulk ZnO lowered the rate of mycelial growth in Ganoderma by creating oxidative stress. Ultimately, the mycelia acted against the oxidative stress by increasing the production of antioxidants. The results of this study suggest that ZnONPs and bulk ZnO, especially ZnONPs, leads to the improved antioxidant capacity of Ganoderma.

Abstract The present study aimed to assess the tooth discoloration induced by endodontic sealers and establish a correlation between their distinct chemical compositions and this aesthetic concern. Five electronic databases and grey literature were systematically screened to identify studies comparing the tooth discoloration potential of endodontic sealers with different chemical bases. Studies that did not evaluate human teeth or did not employ spectrophotometry as a method for color measurement were excluded. The risk of bias in the included studies was assessed using a modified version of the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Experimental Studies. Data were grouped according to the chemical composition of the sealers and analyzed qualitatively. Fourteen studies were included. None of the studies met all domains of the risk of bias checklist. Qualitative synthesis suggested that zinc oxide and eugenol-based sealers have a greater potential for tooth discoloration. Silicone-based and calcium hydroxide-based sealers demonstrated less potential for tooth discoloration than resin-based sealers and salicylate resin-based sealers containing calcium silicate. All investigated endodontic sealers induced tooth discoloration, which is chemical and time dependent. Zinc oxide and eugenol-based sealers exhibited a greater potential for tooth discoloration, whereas silicone and calcium hydroxide-based sealers showed less potential. concern bases excluded qualitatively checklist eugenolbased eugenol based Siliconebased Silicone hydroxidebased hydroxide resinbased resin silicate dependent

Resumo O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a descoloração dentária induzida por cimentos endodônticos e estabelecer uma correlação entre suas distintas composições químicas e essa preocupação estética. Cinco bases de dados eletrônicas e literatura cinzenta foram sistematicamente examinadas para identificar estudos comparando o potencial de alteração de cor dental de cimentos endodônticos de diferentes bases químicas. Estudos que não avaliaram dentes humanos ou não empregaram espectrofotometria como método de medição de cor foram excluídos. O risco de viés dos estudos foi avaliado usando uma versão modificada do checklist de Avaliação Crítica da JBI para Estudos Experimentais. Os dados foram agrupados de acordo com a composição química dos cimentos e analisados qualitativamente. Quatorze estudos foram incluídos. Nenhum dos estudos atendeu a todos os domínios do checklist de verificação do risco de viés. A síntese qualitativa sugeriu que os cimentos à base de óxido de zinco e eugenol têm maior potencial para alteração de cor dental. Os cimentos à base de silicone e à base de hidróxido de cálcio demonstraram menos potencial para alteração de cor dental do que o cimento à base de resina e o cimento à base de resina salicilato contendo silicato de cálcio. Todos os cimentos endodônticos investigados induziram alteração de cor dental, que é dependente do tempo e da composição química. Os cimentos à base de óxido de zinco e eugenol exibiram maior potencial para alteração de cor dental, enquanto os cimentos à base de silicone e hidróxido de cálcio mostraram menos potencial. estética excluídos Experimentais qualitativamente incluídos

Abstract Nanomaterials are used in numerous fields due to rapid nanotechnology advancement. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) are used in medicine, diagnosis, and treatment. This research examined zinc nanoparticles' ability to treat anaemia in obese rats by preserving iron homeostasis and reducing oxidative stress. A group of rats were assigned as non-obese and over of 16 weeks, a total of 24 Wistar adult male rats were subjected to a diet high in and sucrose. Then rats were assigned to 3 groups; obese, 5 or 10 mg/Kg ZnONPs IP that were treated for the next 8 weeks. Concerning blood cells, the treatment of obese rats with ZnONPs significantly alleviated the increase in WBCs and platelets count, ESR, and plasma fibrinogen level. Also, ZnONPs attenuated the decrease in bleeding time, RBCs count, MCV, lymphocyte %, and Hb level of obese rats. Otherwise, obese rats exhibited a significant rise in plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), TNF-α (Tumor necrosis factor alpha), IL6 (Interleukin 6), and CRP (C-reactive protein) levels, while the level of reduced glutathione decreased. The high-fat diet also disrupted adipocyte secretion, resulting in a significant drop in adiponectin and a rise in leptin. ZnONPs also altered earlier parameters. Also, the handling of obese rats with ZnONPs led to a significant decrease in body mass index (BMI) and body weight gain. It appears that the virtue of ZnONPs in maintaining iron homeostasis and reducing inflammation and oxidative stress in obese rats led to improvement in blood cells and lessening of anemia. advancement (ZnONPs medicine diagnosis nonobese non 1 weeks 2 sucrose groups mgKg mg Kg count ESR Also time MCV % Otherwise cholesterol triglycerides MDA, MDA , (MDA) SOD, SOD (SOD) TNFα TNF α Tumor alpha, alpha alpha) IL Interleukin 6, 6 6) Creactive C reactive protein levels decreased highfat fat secretion leptin parameters BMI (BMI gain anemia (MDA (SOD

Resumo Este estudo investigou o potencial de descoloração dentária de pastas de obturação de canal radicular utilizadas em Odontopediatria. Sessenta incisivos bovinos foram seccionados 2 mm apicais à junção amelocementária e distribuídos em 6 grupos (n = 10) de acordo com o tipo de material obturador utilizado: G1 - Pasta de óxido de zinco e eugenol; G2 - Pasta de óxido de zinco e eugenol e iodofórmio; G3 - Pasta de hidróxido de cálcio (HC) e óxido de zinco; G4 - de HC, óxido de zinco e iodofórmio; G5 - Pasta de HC e iodofórmio; e G6 - Controle. O polietileno glicol 400 foi utilizado como veículo nas pastas contendo HC. A mensuração da cor foi realizada em intervalos específicos: antes do tratamento endodôntico (T0) e nos pontos sucessivos de 1 mês (T1), 2 meses (T2), 3 meses (T3) e 1 ano (T4) após a inserção do material obturador. A alteração de cor (∆E) foi calculada utilizando a fórmula CIELab. A análise estatística foi realizada utilizando ANOVA, seguida pelo teste post hoc de Tukey (α = 5%). Diferenças significativas foram observadas entre os materiais de obturação e os intervalos de tempo (p < 0,001). Todos os grupos apresentaram alteração de cor ao longo do tempo, exceto G1 e G5, que mostraram mudanças de cor somente após 1 ano. G1 e G2 demostraram os maiores valores de ∆E, com diferença estatisticamente significativa observada apenas em T2 em comparação com G3 (p = 0,008). Materiais de obturação de canal radicular utilizados em dentes decíduos têm o potencial de induzir o manchamento dentário. Odontopediatria n 10 G iodofórmio (HC Controle 40 específicos T0 T (T0 T1, T1 , (T1) T2, (T2) T3 (T3 T4 (T4 ∆E E (∆E CIELab ANOVA α 5%. 5 5% . 5%) p 0,001. 0001 0,001 0 001 0,001) 0,008. 0008 0,008 008 0,008) dentário 4 (T (T1 (T2 000 0,00 00 0,0 0,

Abstract This study investigated the potential for tooth discoloration of root canal filling pastes used in pediatric dentistry. Sixty bovine incisors were sectioned 2 mm apical to the cementoenamel junction and allocated into 6 groups (n = 10) according to the type of filling material used: G1- Zinc oxide-eugenol sealer; G2- Zinc oxide-eugenol and iodoform paste; G3- Calcium hydroxide (CH) and zinc oxide paste; G4- CH, zinc oxide, and iodoform paste; G5- CH and iodoform paste; and G6- Control. Polyethylene glycol 400 was used as a vehicle for CH-containing pastes. Color measurements were taken at specific intervals: preceding endodontic treatment (T0) and at successive points of 1 month (T1), 2 months (T2), 3 months (T3), and 1 year (T4) after the placement of the filling material. The color change (∆E) was calculated using the CIELab formula. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA, followed by Tukey's post hoc test (α = 5%). Significant differences were observed among the filling materials and time intervals (p <0.001). All groups exhibited color changes over time, except G1 and G5, which showed color changes only after 1 year. G1 and G2 demonstrated the highest ∆E values, with a statistically significant difference observed only at T2 when compared to G3 (p = 0.008). Root canal filling materials used in primary teeth have the potential to induce tooth discoloration. dentistry n 10 G oxideeugenol eugenol sealer paste (CH G4 G5 G6 Control 40 CHcontaining containing T0 T (T0 T1, T1 , (T1) T2, (T2) T3, T3 (T3) T4 (T4 E (∆E formula ANOVA Tukeys Tukey s α 5%. 5 5% . 5%) p <0.001. 0001 <0.001 0 001 <0.001) values 0.008. 0008 0.008 008 0.008) 4 (T (T1 (T2 (T3 000 <0.00 00 0.00 <0.0 0.0 <0. 0. <0 <

ABSTRACT An ultrasonic treatment was used to ensure that the nano zinc oxide abbreviated ZnO, was uniformly dispersed throughout the cement paste mixture with addition of fly ash, replacing 10% of the weight of cement. The characteristics of the cementitious mixture were investigated in this research work. The experimental work was carried out by adding nano-ZnO in increments of 0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75% and 1% by weight of cement, resulting in changes in the characteristics of the concrete paste. The quantity of nano-ZnO present in the cementitious mixture had a notable influence on the consistency of the cement. This impact was also found when the cement paste contained only 0.5% cement by weight. The electrical resistance studies found that the inclusion of nano-sized particles can both delay the hydration of blended cement mix and increase the hydration rate. The findings of experiments revealed that increasing the nano-ZnO concentrations in the cement paste resulted in greater long-term strength. Furthermore, the pore diameter distribution was optimized by the inclusion of nano-ZnO and a tight microstructure was formed in the cementitious mixture at 28 days. ZnO ash 10 nanoZnO 0 0% 025 25 0.25% 05 5 075 75 0.75 1 0.5 nanosized sized rate longterm long term strength Furthermore 2 days 02 0.25 07 7 0.7 0. 0.2

Abstract This study presents the green synthesis of bacterial cellulose-zinc oxide (BC-ZnO) composites. Bacterial cellulose (BC) was produced through the fermentation of Acetobacter xylinum, using tofu liquid waste as a bacterial medium under optimal conditions. Following purification, BC underwent characterization through Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX). The results confirmed the successful formation of BC, highlighting its functional groups, crystallinity, surface morphology, and elemental composition. The BC-ZnO composite was synthesized using an ex-situ chemical method, with characterization data revealing that ZnO was successfully impregnated onto the BC template, constituting 40.92% of the BC-ZnO material by mass. The antibacterial efficacy of the BC-ZnO composite was evaluated against Propionibacterium acnes using the diffusion method. The results demonstrated a significant inhibitory effect, with a zone of inhibition measuring 18.7 mm, categorizing it as strongly antibacterial. cellulosezinc zinc BCZnO (BC-ZnO composites (BC xylinum conditions purification FTIR, FTIR , (FTIR) XRay X Ray XRD, XRD (XRD) SEM, SEM (SEM) EnergyDispersive Energy Dispersive Xray ray EDX. EDX . (EDX) groups crystallinity morphology composition exsitu ex situ method template 4092 40 92 40.92 mass effect 187 18 7 18. mm (FTIR (XRD (SEM (EDX 409 4 9 40.9 1 40.

Abstract This study explores the development of biodegradable filaments for additive manufacturing, aiming to create membranes for oil and water separation. Using a mixture of poly (lactic acid) and poly (butylene adipate co-terephthalate) (PLA/PBAT) with additives such as zinc oxide, biocide and carnauba wax. The research evaluates the potential of these materials in membrane prototyping for this application. Characterization techniques such as FTIR, XRD, DSC and tensile strength were employed. The results showed that the addition of the additives did not induce the formation of new bands in the FTIR. However, new diffraction peaks appeared in the composites indicating the presence of the zinc oxide. DSC revealed a double peak in melting and crystallization temperatures and the mechanical tests showed significant influence of additives on tensile strength. The composite filaments proved to be suitable for 3D printing, suggesting their applicability in the manufacture of filter membranes for oil and water separation. manufacturing separation lactic acid butylene coterephthalate co terephthalate co-terephthalate PLA/PBAT PLAPBAT PLA PBAT (PLA/PBAT oxide wax application FTIR XRD employed However D printing

Aim Calcium-enriched mixture (CEM) cement is an endodontic biomaterial; however, enhancing its physical/mechanical properties remains a challenge. This in vitro study investigates the influence of zirconium oxide (ZrO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles on the setting time, microhardness, and compressive strength of CEM cement. Methods Four different groups of CEM cement were prepared: a control group without nanoparticles, two groups with ZrO2 or ZnO, and a group with a combination of nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were added to the powder in predetermined concentrations. The setting time was evaluated using the Gilmore needle method, while microhardness and compressive strength were determined using Vickers hardness and a universal testing machine, respectively. Results The incorporation of ZnO slightly reduced the setting time, while the addition of ZrO2 significantly prolonged it compared to the control group. Interestingly, the combination of both nanoparticles exhibited a setting time comparable to that of the control group. Regarding the microhardness and compressive strength, both ZrO2 and ZnO significantly improved these properties compared to the control group. The combination of both nanoparticles showed the highest microhardness and compressive strength values among all groups. Conclusions The addition of nanoparticles to CEM cement effectively modifies its physical and mechanical properties. The optimal combination of these nanoparticles can potentially achieve an improved balance between setting time and enhanced mechanical performance. Calciumenriched Calcium enriched (CEM biomaterial however physicalmechanical challenge ZrO (ZrO2 (ZnO prepared concentrations method machine respectively Interestingly performance (ZrO