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Resumo: Introdução. O tabagismo é um problema de saúde pública mundial. Atualmente é considerado a principal causa de morte evitável do mundo. O uso simultâneo de tabaco e maconha está associado a um maior risco de persistência e recaída de ambos consumos. Nos últimos anos, o uso de sistemas eletrônicos de liberação de nicotina em jovens tem aumentado no mundo todo, devido à novidade do seu uso, ao grande número de sabores e à noção de que são menos nocivos. O objetivo foi conhecer a prevalência do consumo de tabaco, maconha e cigarro eletrônico na população uruguaia de entre 15 e 21 anos, a associação do consumo entre eles e a percepção do risco de seu uso. Metodologia: Foi realizado um estudo analítico transversal no período de fevereiro-abril de 2021. Uma pesquisa anônima, voluntária e autoadministrada foi divulgada por meio de redes sociais e centros educacionais públicos e privados em todo o país. Para o processamento dos dados foi utilizado o software de dados SPSS 25, considerando um nível de significância de 0,05. Resultados e Discussão: 1.517 respostas foram processadas. Constatou-se que 54% fumaram cigarro alguma vez e 19,7% usaram-o regularmente no último mês. 48% usaram maconha em algum momento e 19,4% o fizeram no último mês. As prevalências encontradas para tabaco e maconha são superiores às relatadas na literatura nacional. Com relação ao cigarro eletrônico, não há dados disponíveis em nosso meio para essa faixa etária, sendo que o presente estudo relata que 32% o utilizaram em algum momento. Dos que fumam cigarros, 84% e 58% já usaram maconha e cigarros eletrônicos, respectivamente. Dos que usaram cigarro eletrônico alguma vez, 50% nunca fumaram ou apenas experimentaram com cigarros tradicionais; esse fato pode corresponder ao fato do cigarro eletrônico atuar como porta de entrada para o tabagismo nos jovens. Encontrou-se associação significativa entre consumir uma das três substâncias e ter pai, mãe ou responsável que a consome ou consumiu, dados condizentes com o histórico no Uruguai. Em relação à percepção de risco, 98% concordaram que o tabaco é prejudicial à saúde, 66% concordaram com a maconha e 81% com o cigarro eletrônico. Ao analisar as patologias específicas, observam-se diferenças marcantes de acordo com a substância considerada, sendo que 73%. Conclusões: Observou-se alta prevalência de consumo dessas substâncias em jovens e apreciável associação entre elas. Curiosamente, foi encontrada uma prevalência semelhante de uso de cigarro e maconha no último mês. Isso é especialmente relevante tendo em vista que foi observada uma diferença significativa entre a percepção do risco de consumo dessas substâncias, sendo a maconha consideravelmente menor. Em relação aos cigarros eletrónicos, há uma subestimação dos malefícios que provocam entre os jovens inquiridos. Em razão do exposto, a elaboração de políticas públicas especificamente direcionadas a esse problema seria da hierarquia.

Abstract: Introduction: Smoking is a public health problem worldwide. It is currently considered the leading cause of preventable death in the world. The simultaneous use of tobacco and marijuana is associated with a higher risk of persistence and relapse of both substances. In the last few years, the use of electronic nicotine delivery systems in young people has increased worldwide, due to the novelty of their use, the large number of flavors and the conception that its use is less harmful. The aim of the present work was to estimate the prevalence of tobacco, marijuana and electronic cigarette consumption in the Uruguayan population between 15 and 21 years of age, the association of consumption between them and the perception of the risk linked to their use. Methodology: A cross-sectional analytical study was carried out during February-April 2021. An anonymous, voluntary and self-administered survey was distributed among social networks and public and private schools throughout the country. SPSS 25 data software was used for data processing, considering a significance level of 0.05. Results and Discussion: 1517 responses were processed. It was found that 54% smoked cigarettes at some point and 19.7% smoked regularly in the last month. 48% used marijuana at some point and 19.4% did so in the last month. The prevalences found for tobacco and marijuana are higher than those reported in the national literature. With regard to electronic cigarettes, there is no local data available for this age range, with the present study reporting that 32% used it at some point. Of those who smoke cigarettes, 84% and 58% used marijuana and e-cigarettes at some point, respectively. Of those who used electronic cigarettes at some point, 50% never smoked or only tried traditional cigarettes; this could attest to electronic cigarettes acting as a gateway to smoking in young people. A significant association between consuming one of the three substances and having a father, mother or guardian who consumes or consumed them was found, data consistent with local records. Regarding risk perception, 98% agreed that tobacco is harmful, 66% agreed so with marijuana and 81% agreed so with electronic cigarettes. When analyzing specific diseases, substantial differences were observed depending on the drug. 73% believe that electronic cigarettes are less harmful than smoking regular cigarettes. Conclusions: It was shown that there is a high prevalence of consumption of these substances in young people and a considerable association between them. Interestingly, there was a similar prevalence of consumption of cigarettes and marijuana in the last month. This is especially relevant given that there was a significant difference between the risk perception of cigarettes vs marijuana, with the latter being considerably less. Regarding electronic cigarettes, there is an underestimation of the harm associated with their use. Therefore, it would be of hierarchy to promulgate public policies directed to this problem.

Resumo O objetivo principal deste artigo é analisar os processos de inserção sociolaboral de jovens de setores populares do Município de La Matanza, Província de Buenos Aires, que participam do Sistema Integral de Promoção e Proteção dos Direitos da Criança e Adolescentes. Procurámos dar conta dos empregos a que acedem, das suas expectativas de trabalho e formação, bem como dos seus sentidos em relação ao trabalho. Isto, a fim de fornecer ferramentas para a gestão de políticas públicas que acompanhem as trajetórias laborais de jovens de setores vulneráveis. Os dados foram obtidos num inquérito realizado no âmbito de um Projeto de Vida e Oficina de Introdução ao Mundo do Trabalho, coordenado pela Área de Trabalho e Inclusão Sociolaboral do Município em 2023. Foram analisadas as informações da Pesquisa Juventude, Educação e Trabalho 2023, bem como os registros sobre a percepção dos jovens sobre “trabalho” Vale destacar como principal constatação que as condições socioeconômicas prevalecem no ingresso no mercado de trabalho e podem afetar suas expectativas de emprego, mas por meio do apoio do Estado, a partir de programas com abordagem integral, é plausível ampliar o horizonte de possibilidades e dar origem a outros cenários nesses cursos de vida.

Resumen Este escrito tiene como objetivo principal analizar los procesos de inserción sociolaboral de jóvenes de sectores populares del Municipio de La Matanza, Provincia de Buenos Aires, que participan del Sistema Integral de Promoción y Protección de Derechos de Niños, Niñas y Adolescentes. Se buscó dar cuenta de los trabajos a los que acceden, de sus expectativas laborales y formativas, así como sus sentidos en torno al trabajo. Ello, con el fin de aportar herramientas para la gestión de políticas públicas que acompañen las trayectorias laborales de jóvenes de sectores vulnerables. Los datos se obtuvieron en un relevamiento realizado en el marco de un Taller Proyecto de Vida e Introducción al Mundo del Trabajo, coordinado por el Área Trabajo e Inclusión Sociolaboral del Municipio en 2023. Se analizó la información de la Encuesta Juventud, Educación y Trabajo 2023, así como los registros sobre las percepciones de los/as jóvenes sobre el “trabajo”. Cabe resaltar, como principal hallazgo, que los condicionantes socioeconómicos prevalecen al momento de insertarse en el mercado de trabajo y pueden incidir en sus expectativas laborales, pero mediante el acompañamiento del Estado, a partir de programas con abordaje integral, es plausible ampliar el horizonte de posibilidades y dar lugar a otros escenarios en esos cursos de vida.

Abstract The main objective of this paper is to analyze the processes of socio-labor insertion of young people from popular sectors of the Municipality of La Matanza, Province of Buenos Aires, who participate in the Comprehensive System for the Promotion and Protection of the Rights of Children and Adolescents. We seek to account for the jobs they access, their work and training expectations, as well as their meanings about work. This, in order to provide tools for the management of public policies that accompany the labor trajectories of young people from vulnerable sectors. The data was obtained in a survey carried out within the framework of a Life Project and Introduction to the World of Work Workshop, coordinated by the Work and Socio-labor Inclusion Area of the Municipality in 2023. The information from the Youth, Education and Work 2023 Survey was analyzed, as well as records on young people's perceptions of “work”. It is worth highlighting, as the main finding, that the socioeconomic conditions prevail when these young people enter the labor market and can affect their job expectations, but with the support of the State through programs with a comprehensive approach, it is plausible to expand the horizon of possibilities and give rise to other scenarios in those life courses.

ABSTRACT The world reality places us before the idea that modern society and its foundations are in crisis. The pandemic and its effects on the comprehensive health, economic crisis and political policy of numerous countries, along with migratory movements, the nationalisms bound, together with the political and social fragility caused by the war in Ukraine, demand not only to know how to act in the present, but also make it essential to raise our gaze and look ahead to illuminate the future. This study reflects on the role of Christian universities in social transformation and their task in the critical reflection of reality. The results of the proposal arise from the convergence and dialogue between the thought of Benedict XVI and Ignacio Ellacuría SJ. The purpose is to focus on the understanding that these great Christian thinkers of the 20th century had of the mission of the university and thus contribute to the reflection that the Global Education Compact calls for. health countries movements bound Ukraine present future SJ th for

RESUMEN La realidad mundial nos sitúa ante la idea de que la sociedad moderna y sus fundamentos están en crisis. La pandemia y sus efectos en la salud integral, la crisis económica y política de numerosos países, junto con los movimientos migratorios, el auge de los nacionalismos; unido a la fragilidad política y social provocada por la guerra de Ucrania, demandan no sólo saber cómo actuar en el presente, sino que hace imprescindible elevar la mirada y adelantarse a iluminar el futuro. Este estudio reflexiona acerca del rol de las universidades de confesión cristiana en la transformación social y su tarea en la reflexión crítica de la realidad. Los resultados de la propuesta surgen de la convergencia y diálogo entre el pensamiento de Benedicto XVI e Ignacio Ellacuría SJ. El propósito es poner el foco en la comprensión que estos grandes pensadores cristianos del siglo XX tuvieron acerca de la misión de la universidad y contribuir con ello en la reflexión a la que el Pacto Educativo Global convoca. integral países migratorios nacionalismos Ucrania presente futuro SJ convoca

Resumen Objetivo: Debido al aumento en el consumo de alcohol entre la población juvenil y los potenciales riesgos físicos y mentales que esta situación provoca, este trabajo analiza los factores que condicionan el consumo excesivo de alcohol en adolescentes de 13 a 17 años en Argentina. Materiales y métodos: Se utilizan datos de la Encuesta Mundial de Salud Escolar, aplicada a una muestra representativa de 56,981 adolescentes en todo el país en 2018. Se estiman modelos logísticos que toman en cuenta el rol de factores personales, socioeconómicos, psicológicos y situacionales A la vez, se analiza el impacto que el consumo excesivo de alcohol tiene sobre conductas de riesgo y sobre daños sufridos por adolescentes. Resultados: Se observó un incremento en el consumo de alcohol entre adolescentes, con una mayor incidencia en mujeres. Los factores situacionales, como la disponibilidad de alcohol y la presión de pares, son determinantes clave. Existe una fuerte asociación entre el consumo excesivo de alcohol y las conductas de riesgo, así como un aumento en los daños sufridos por los adolescentes. Conclusiones: Se subraya la necesidad de implementar medidas reguladoras y protectoras específicas. La importancia de estrategias integrales de prevención y educación es destacada, enfocándose en los factores situacionales y sociales. Las intervenciones deben involucrar a familia, escuela y comunidad para reducir los riesgos y promover comportamientos saludables.

Abstract Objectives: Given the increase in alcohol consumption in the youth population and the potential physical and mental risks that this situation causes, this work analyzes the conditioning factors of excessive alcohol consumption in the population between 13 and 17 years of age in Argentina. Materials and Methods: We use data from the World Survey of School Health, applied to a representative sample of 56,981 adolescents throughout the country in 2018. We estimate logistic regressions to identify conditional variables that influence the abusive intake of alcohol. Those factors include personal, socioeconomic, psychological, and situational independent variables. Results: An increase in alcohol consumption among adolescents has been observed, with a higher incidence among females. Situational factors, such as the availability of alcohol and peer pressure, are key determinants. There is a strong association between excessive alcohol consumption and risky behaviors, as well as an increase in the harms experienced by adolescents. Conclusions: The need to implement specific regulatory and protective measures is emphasized. The importance of comprehensive prevention and education strategies is highlighted, focusing on situational and social factors. Interventions should involve family, school, and community to reduce risks and promote healthy behaviors.

The number of people on Earth and human activities are currently taking on frightening proportions with far-reaching consequences for our planet, its biodiversity and ultimately the human race itself. Ten thousand years ago, humans represented 1% of the total biomass of all land vertebrates. The rest was made up by wild animals. Currently, humans, livestock and pets make up 99% of terrestrial vertebrate biomass, while wild animals represent only 1%. It took millennia for the human population to reach the 1 billion mark and that only by 1890. By 1960, however, the world population had grown to 3 billion. Today there are 8 billion people living on our planet. According to Population Matters, the world population will be approximately 10,4 billion by the end of this century, despite the gradual decline in the growth rate in some countries. There is only a 23% chance that the total population growth rate will tail off before 2100. The population of the 47 least developed countries is likely to triple between 2017 and 2100 to around 3 billion. There are currently 62 million people in South Africa. About 67,9% of our population (in 2021) live in urban areas. The South African population grew by 0,87% in 2023. The fertility rate is 2,30 (2023). It is estimated that by 2050 75,5 million people will be living in South Africa, with 8 out of every 10 people living in urban areas, which would significantly increase the pressure on infrastructure. The Global Footprint Network states that humans currently use the resources of 1,75 Earths. If the situation does not improve, by 2050 we would need the equivalent of three Earths to survive. More than 4 billion people will have little or no water by 2050, and South Africa even now has been classified as a "water-stressed" country. Medical science is continually contributing to more babies surviving their entry into the world and to our living increasingly longer. Life expectancy has risen from 46 years in 1950 to 73,2 years in 2023. By 2050 it will be 77 years. What can be done? Empowerment of women is important. Population growth can be curbed to a reasonable extent by giving more girls access to education. This certainly does not mean that girls or women alone should be held responsible for the current population growth, but much more will have to be done about sex education, women's rights will have to be actively promoted and there will have to be better provision and use of contraceptives. Obviously, these issues should be approached and handled with due caution. In this regard, countries such as Thailand and South Korea have, in the recent past, proved that good education may result in lower birth rates. In Africa, women with no education have an average of 5,4 children; women who completed high school an average of 2,7 children and women with tertiary education an average of 2.2. In Nigeria, every year of school attendance by girls cuts the birth rate by a tenth. In addition, intensified efforts to reform economies and societies should be considered. For the sake of the survival of the human species and the sustainability of the Earth, ecological and economic justice and the empowerment ofwomen have to be encouraged. The Millennium Project - a global participatory think tank that was founded in 1996 under the auspices of the American Council for the United Nations University, but which became independent in 2009 and has since grown into a global network of institutions and individuals - aims to improve humankind's prospects for a better future. It recommends, among other things, the following: • Support a policy aimed at improving the survival of children, responsible family planning and educational opportunities for (especially) girls. • Improve methods that will ensure skills and employment opportunities for young people, as well as care and services for the elderly. • Implement the UN's urban agenda. • Create enough smart cities where citizens with urban intelligence can help in eco-smart ways with the necessary improvements in the city. • Increase training in resilience, and improve disaster prediction and management. • Provide guidance for people about urban ecology. • Intensify research and development in saltwater agriculture (halophytes or salt plants) on coastlines to produce food for humans and animals, biofuel and pulp for the paper industry, and to absorb carbon dioxide (CO2). This will ease the pressure on freshwater agriculture. • Improve agricultural and irrigation management. • Invest in precision agriculture and aquaculture. • Reduce food losses from the "farm to the mouth" (one third or 1,3 billion tons of agricultural production is wasted in this way every year). • Establish seaweed to restore wild fish populations along coastlines. The World Bank estimates that 90% of marine life is completely depleted. • Expand the production of insects for animal feed and human diets (insects have a low environmental impact, and 2 billion people already supplement their diet with insects today). • Encourage vegetarianism. Although there are more ways to address these important global challenges, responsible family planning remains one of the most important. This is an extremely sensitive issue for many people (especially in Africa), but if it is not promoted in a humane, informed and responsible way, the sustainability of life on our planet will increasingly come under tremendous pressure in various respects.

Die aantal mense op aarde en hulle/ons aktiwiteite neem tans skrikwekkende afmetings aan met wydlopende gevolge vir ons planeet, biodiversiteit en uiteindelik onsself. Die moderne mens het sy teenwoordigheid op die aarde en die benutting van hulpbronne baie lank as sy onaantasbare reg gesien. Die huidige uitwerking van byvoorbeeld bevolkingsgroei en besoedeling versteur die aarde se natuurlike ritme in so 'n mate dat ons nou nie meer op 'n kitsoplossing kan hoop nie. Die mens se getalle neem teen so 'n tempo toe dat dit nie net nadelig vir die planeet is nie, maar ook vir die mensdom self. Wat kan gedoen word? Bemagtiging van vroue speel 'n belangrike rol. Dit beteken beslis nie dat meisies en vroue alleen vir die huidige bevolkingsgroei verantwoordelik gehou moet word nie. Die bevolkingsgroei kan egter in 'n redelike mate vertraag word deur veral meer meisies toegang tot onderwys en opleiding te gee - asook hul lewensomstandighede te verbeter. Ook sal daar heelwat meer aan seksopvoeding gedoen moet word, vroueregte sal daadwerklik bevorder moet word en daar sal beter voorsiening en gebruik van voorbehoedmiddels moet wees. Uiteraard moet hierdie kwessies met die nodige omsigtigheid benader en hanteer word. In hierdie verband kan onder andere Thailand en Suid-Korea genoem word wat in die onlangse verlede bewys het dat goeie onderwys geboortesyfers laat daal. In Afrika het vroue wat geen onderwys ontvang nie, gemiddeld 5,4 kinders; vroue wat hoërskool voltooi het gemiddeld 2,7 kinders en vroue wat tersiêre studie deurloop het, gemiddeld 2,2 kinders. In Nigerië sny elke jaar wat meisies skool bywoon, die geboortesyfer met 'n tiende. Hiermee saam sal daar ook verskerpte pogings moet wees om ekonomieë en samelewings te hervorm. Ter wille van die mens se voortbestaan en die volhoubaarheid van lewe op aarde moet ekologiese en ekonomiese geregtigheid, en die bemagtiging van vroue aangemoedig word.

Abstract The study presented in this article was developed within the framework of Project 724-C1-714 Thematic Observatory of Costa Rican Technical and Vocational Education and Training, registered at the Institute for Research in Education of the University of Costa Rica. In this qualitative study, with a descriptive scope, the phenomenological method and the questionnaire were used as a technique for the collection of information; 8 of 11 Guidance professionals who work in the Professional Technical High Schools of the Regional Educational Directorate of Puriscal of the Ministry of Public Education participated. It was carried out during the second cycle of 2022 and the first cycle of 2023. The information obtained was grouped into 3 categories: Status of the Technical and Vocational Education and Training, About Guidance in the Professional Technical High Schools and Guidance in the Professional Technical High Schools over the next five years. As part of the results, it is highlighted that the people consulted foresee a positive future for Technical and Vocational Education and Training, due to the attention that is being given in Costa Rica to this educational modality, based on the need for young people to join the world of work, which leads to the mention of the opportunities that Guidance has in this context. In this regard, it is indicated in relation to Vocational Guidance, the exploration of interests, skills and knowledge of the environment. This depends on the vocational decision-making associated with the specialty they are going to study, their incorporation into the world of work and the possibility of continuing or not with tertiary education. Regarding the challenges, the need to have spaces that allow students to be offered vocational guidance is indicated, specifically the lesson of Guidance for the diversified cycle is mentioned. Among the conclusions obtained are that; Technical and Vocational Education and Training is an educational modality that allows the country to increase its competitiveness and opens opportunities for the student population to obtain a job. However, it is stated that there are aspects that must be paid attention to in order to improve this educational modality. It is mentioned, for example, that administrative management should seek to create spaces to offer vocational guidance. The opportunities that arise for Guidance in the Professional Technical High Schools refer to actions to be developed from Vocational Guidance, exploration of the interests and abilities of the students and for knowledge of the environment. As challenges, the need to be able to involve students in their processes of self-knowledge, decision-making and life project is emphasized. It is considered that in the immediate future, Guidance must integrate the use of Information and Communication Technologies into its work, which requires that continuous training processes be planned for the group of professionals in Guidance.

Resumen El estudio que se presenta en este artículo se desarrolló en el marco del Proyecto 724-C1-714 Observatorio Temático de la Educación y Formación Técnica Profesional Costarricense, inscrito en el Instituto de Investigación en Educación de la Universidad Costa Rica. En este estudio cualitativo, con alcance descriptivo, se utilizó el método fenomenológico y el cuestionario como técnica para la recolección de la información; participaron 8 de 11 profesionales de Orientación que laboran en los Colegios Técnicos Profesionales de la Dirección Regional Educativa de Puriscal del Ministerio de Educación Pública. Se realizó durante el segundo ciclo del año 2022 y primero del 2023. La información obtenida se agrupó en 3 categorías: Situación de la EFTP, Sobre la Orientación en los CTP y la Orientación en los CTP en los próximos cinco años. Como parte de los resultados, destaca que las personas consultadas vislumbran un futuro positivo para EFTP, por la atención que se le está dando en nuestro país a esta modalidad educativa, a partir de la necesidad de que las personas jóvenes se incorporen al mundo del trabajo, lo que lleva a que se mencionen las oportunidades que tiene la Orientación en este contexto. Al respecto se indica, en relación con la Orientación vocacional, la exploración de los intereses, habilidades y el conocimiento del entorno. Lo anterior, en función de la toma de decisiones vocacionales asociadas a la especialidad que van a cursar, la incorporación al mundo del trabajo y la posibilidad de continuar o no con estudios superiores. Respecto a los desafíos se indica la necesidad de contar con espacios que permitan ofrecer al estudiantado Orientación vocacional, de manera específica se menciona la lección de Orientación para el ciclo diversificado. Entre las conclusiones obtenidas están; la ETFP se constituye una modalidad educativa que permite al país incrementar su competitividad y a la población estudiantil le abre oportunidades para la obtención de un empleo. No obstante, se afirma que existen aspectos a los que se les debe poner atención para mejorar esta modalidad educativa. Se menciona por ejemplo que, desde la gestión administrativa, se debe procurar la creación de espacios para ofrecer Orientación vocacional. Las oportunidades que se presentan para la Orientación en los CTP remiten a acciones a desarrollar desde la Orientación vocacional, exploración de los intereses y habilidades del estudiantado y para el conocimiento del entorno. Como desafíos se recalca la necesidad de poder involucrar al estudiantado en sus procesos de autoconocimiento, toma de decisiones y proyecto de vida. Se considera que la Orientación en el futuro más inmediato, debe integrar en su quehacer, el uso de las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TIC), lo cual requiere que se planifiquen procesos de formación continua para el grupo de profesionales en Orientación.

Thirty-eight years into the HIV and AIDS pandemic, the world is still striving to reduce global HIV infections towards zero new infections and AIDS-related deaths by 2030. Sub-Saharan Africa continues to carry the burden of global HIV infections as governmental and nongovernmental agencies try out different prevention strategies (UNAIDS, 2024b). Several scholars have argued that comprehensive sexuality education (CSE) is the best preventive strategy to reach youth and key populations with factual information regarding HIV and AIDS. This paper draws from the project, Mentoring as a Method to Promote Women's Health in the Context of HIV-Prevention and Unequal Gender Relations, which employed memory work, photo-voice, drama, drawings, and focus group discussions with third-year student teachers in a life orientation module. Focussing on the data generated through drama, I present an arts-based activity that was used to teach about HIV transmission to student teachers in a bid to equip them with alternative ways of teaching school-learners about HIV and AIDS. The findings highlight student teachers' lived experiences and how they have shaped their perceptions of HIV infections and living with AIDS. I argue from the findings, that arts-based pedagogies allow for enhanced understanding of complex phenomena due to their participatory and in-built intervention nature. Thus, I posit that pedagogies that employ participatory, arts-based, and visual methodologies should be extensively employed in teacher-education towards reducing new HIV infections among the youth.

RESUMEN El artículo investiga el potencial deliberativo del nuevo espacio mediático (digital), centrándose en las transformaciones antropológicas. Las disposiciones teóricas del estudio se fundamentan en datos empíricos obtenidos como resultado de una encuesta masiva en línea entre la juventud rusa. El artículo presentado presenta la distribución de opiniones de los jóvenes encuestados sobre las posibilidades de los medios digitales en la formación de un espacio digital público deliberativo. A partir de los resultados de la encuesta, los autores llevaron a cabo una exposición de la dinámica antropológica, determinada por las particularidades de los medios de comunicación (digitales) modernos, que revela signos de una crisis humanitaria. Los medios digitales horizontalizan el mundo, creando la ilusión de igualdad universal. Como resultado, la esfera del discurso público se transforma: las formas de discutir, informar, educar y presentar los hechos están cambiando fundamentalmente.

ABSTRACT The paper investigates the deliberative potential of the new (digital) media space, focusing on anthropological transformations. The theoretical provisions of the study are substantiated by empirical data that were obtained as a result of a massive online survey of Russian youth. The given paper presents the distribution of opinions of young respondents about the possibilities of digital media in the formation of a deliberative public digital space. Based on the survey results, the authors carried out an exposition of anthropological dynamics, determined by the specifics of modern (digital) media, which reveals signs of a humanitarian crisis. Digital media make the world horizontal, creating the illusion of universal equality. As a result, the sphere of public discourse transformes: the ways of discussing, informing, educating, and presenting facts are fundamentally changing.

Abstract: This article focuses on the epistemological and methodological importance of visual sociology. It explains the “social-visual fact” as a theoretical and technical device operating through the reflexivity, meaning and social experience of those who have the “power to see” and where their gazes fall, in other words, the social and perceptive world of those who are “seen”. This yields a sociological knowledge of how one can look and be looked at. We revisit our studies, where photography serves as a platform of visual interaction, the first on the impact of confinement on the domestic sphere, and the second on the staging of precarious youth beyond porn-violence

Resumen: El siguiente artículo destaca la importancia epistemológica y metodológica de la sociología visual. Se explica el “hecho social-visual” como dispositivo teórico y técnico que funciona a través de la reflexividad, el sentido y la experiencia social de quienes tienen el “poder de ver” y en donde recaen sus miradas; en otras palabras, el mundo social y perceptivo de quienes son “vistos”. Se desentraña así un conocimiento sociológico de cómo se puede mirar y ser mirado. Recuperamos nuestras investigaciones, donde la fotografía funge como plataforma de interacción visual, la primera sobre el impacto de la reclusión en el ámbito doméstico y la segunda sobre la escenificación de jóvenes precarizados más allá de la porno-violencia.

Youth unemployment is one of the major challenges facing Sub-Saharan African countries today. Although young people may hold general certificates of education (equivalent to Grade 12), they lack employable or marketable skills enabling them to be integrated into the labour market. In this paper, I examine the application of experiential learning theory (ELT) in non-school-based technical and vocational training for unemployed youths as a learning approach to develop job-related skills and competencies for the real world of the workplace. I used a qualitative research design to meet the research objectives and conducted one-on-one semi-structured interviews with 10 trainees out of 512 to get their views on training delivery and learning approaches for skills acquisition. To complement the interview data, I also conducted field observations at the training centres, in the workshops, and at companies hosting trainees for workplace training. My findings revealed that the facilitators used classroom-based and field-based experiential learning approaches to help the trainees gain job-related skills and competencies required in the labour market. I conclude that applying ELT in Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) programmes helped young trainees gain the job-related skills and competencies required in the labour market. As practical implications for society, I provide new insights into applying ELT to improve the effectiveness of non-school-based TVET programmes for disadvantaged and unemployed youths. My findings will motivate other trainers and training managers to apply ELT in designing and implementing non-school-based TVET programmes.

This article examined the role of biblical interpretation amid the world's water crisis. It aimed to make biblical texts accessible to non-specialist readers by using several methods of interpretation. The methods used were a combination of biblical interpretation, revisionist ecological hermeneutics and empirical research in the form of interviews with young adults in the Anglican Church in South Africa. This combination was applied to the role of water in Ezekiel 47. It showed that while traditional biblical interpretation is important for understanding the biblical context, revisionist ecological hermeneutics can help in understanding the ecological aspect of the text. This combination fitted the interview results, in which interviewees shared how learning about ecological aspects helped to make the Bible more relevant in today's ecological crisis. A deeper biblical understanding, a combination of traditional interpretation and ecological hermeneutics, could lead to more awareness and responsibility among Christians to care for creation. This form of hermeneutics could be applied to other Bible texts to grow awareness. CONTRIBUTION: Interviewees argued that there is a lack of awareness in their environments about the causes and consequences of the ecological crisis. One of the main consequences of this crisis is related to water, with floods and droughts already becoming more severe. While this is often overlooked, the Bible could be of use in the water crisis in today's world. This article has made a beginning in showing how biblical interpretation can effectively create climate awareness among churchgoers by speaking to their spirituality

BACKGROUND: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic in South Africa is among the worst in the world; in 2017, 38% of new infections were among young people aged 15-24 years. Estimates for HIV infection in 2020 worldwide indicate that there will be 1.5 million new cases, 10.2 million untreated cases (out of 37.7 million), and 680 000 deaths from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Despite a 46% decline in new HIV infections among adolescents and youth over the previous 10 years, two of the seven new HIV infections in 2019 occurred in people between the ages of 15 and 24. HIV prevalence among young people has remained unchanged since 2008. This consistent pattern among people under 30 years of age indicates a failure in HIV prevention AIM: The study aimed to explore HIV and sexual risk behaviours by 18-25-year-old youth at Nyandeni Municipality in the Eastern Cape province SETTING: The investigation was conducted Nyandeni Municipality in the Eastern Cape province METHODS: Qualitative approach was used to explore, describe and investigate the knowledge and attitudes about HIV among the 18-25 years old youth Results: The findings are based on three themes namely, knowledge and attitudes about HIV and AIDS in youth, sexual risk behaviour among youth, and HIV prevention strategies CONCLUSION: This exploratory investigation confirms that the participants' knowledge is limited by showing that most of them knew very little about HIV and AIDS infection and prevention. Ongoing educational initiatives are required CONTRIBUTION: Youth experience high HIV incidence because of their knowledge gaps

Families are negatively affected by the absence of fathers in the family system. Initially, the study commenced with a focus on male, biological fathers, and the significance of their presence/absence in relation to the moral decline of young people aged 12 to 23. This was done through conducting semi-structured interviews with five congregational leaders from churches in the Dwarsriver Valley², between Stellenbosch and Franschhoek as well as a World Café with members of five congregations.³ However, one of the foci of the research was to investigate the understanding of the participants on the concept of fatherhood. The researcher takes note of the primary two schools of thought functioning in Christian theological discourse. The one exclusively based on a biological, male figure, with the exclusive task of the head of the household, as God ordained, and understanding of God's of fatherhood.4 However, the other approach is a critique of such an approach, reject such an exclusive right, and include other father-figures as also God ordained, and inclusive of the fatherhood role. The focus of the article is to answer the question: How does the members of the churches in Dwarsrivier Valley conceptualises and articulates the fatherhood concept? The objective of this article was to report on the understanding of the fatherhood concept, and how the participants in the study would reflect and understand the fatherhood concept in the light of the abovementioned fatherhood paradigms.

The study examines the effect of small-scale pig farming on unemployment alleviation in Buffalo City, Eastern Cape of South Africa. This is against the backdrop of the extreme youth unemployment and increasing poverty rate being witnessed in South Africa (SA) due to the unstable global economic environment that has impacted most economies of the world. On its part, the government made an appreciable number of investments, especially in the agricultural sector, to address the unemployment challenges, which has yielded varied levels of success. The unemployment situation in SA was compounded by the COVID-19 pandemic, which resulted in approximately 33% of the labour resources that were productive before the pandemic to idle. This necessitated a government injection of R100 billion as a stimulus package into the economy to support small businesses and the agricultural sector, especially small-scale farmers. Mixed methods were adopted to gather primary data from 164 pig farmers, which were randomly selected. XLSTAT and SPSS 28 were used to analyse the quantitative data, and NVivo was used for the qualitative data. The results revealed that farming activities provided a source of income for most pig farmers, with several households depending on it for their livelihood. The collective advantage among pig farmers was the availability of space for farming activities, and most of them engaged in pig farming as a necessity. The government plays a crucial role in the sustainability ofpig farming activities in the area through the various interventions that create the needed enabling environment for the farmers to thrive.

Resumo O artigo discorre sobre o surgimento da imprensa infanto juvenil na França e no Brasil, problematizando os usos que pesquisadores das Ciências Humanas têm dado a este corpus documental potencialmente atraente. Discute a emergência deste nicho de mercado numa perspectiva transnacional, cotejando dialogicamente duas revistas ilustradas emblemáticas: a francesa La Semaine de Suzette e a brasileira O Tico-Tico, ambas nascidas em 1905. Analisa quatro capas inaugurais desses dois sucessos comerciais incontestes, procurando evidenciar a existência de uma particularidade constitutiva das capas da revista brasileira em relação às da congênere francesa: a presença da carnavalização discursiva, nos termos preconizados por Bakhtin (1980). Demonstra-se que O Tico-Tico subverte hierarquias de gênero, etárias e de classe social, particularmente àquelas relativas aos modos de ser idealizado dos filhos em relação aos pais, e dos alunos em relação aos professores. Brasil atraente transnacional emblemáticas TicoTico, TicoTico Tico Tico, 1905 incontestes discursiva 1980. 1980 . (1980) Demonstrase Demonstra se gênero social pais professores 190 198 (1980 19 (198 1 (19 (1 (

Résumé L'article analyse l'émergence de la presse enfantine en France et au Brésil, en s'interrogeant sur les usages que les chercheurs ont fait de ce corpus documentaire potentiellement attractif. Il aborde l'émergence de cette catégorie de publications au Brésil et en France, en comparant deux magazines illustrés emblématiques du début du XXe siècle : le français La Semaine de Suzette et le brésilien O Tico-Tico, tous deux créés en 1905. Il analyse quatre couvertures inaugurales de ces magazines, en essayant de montrer l'existence d'une particularité des couvertures du magazine brésilien par rapport à celles de son homologue français : la présence d'une carnavalisation discursive, selon les termes préconisés par Bakhtin (1980). On montre que O Tico-Tico subvertit les hiérarchies de genre, d'âge et de classe sociale, en particulier celles qui concernent les manières d'être idéalisées des enfants par rapport à leurs parents, et des élèves par rapport à leurs professeurs. Larticle L article lémergence l émergence sinterrogeant s interrogeant attractif TicoTico, TicoTico Tico Tico, 1905 lexistence existence dune d une discursive 1980. 1980 . (1980) genre dâge âge sociale dêtre être parents professeurs 190 198 (1980 19 (198 1 (19 (1 (

Abstract The article analyzes the emergence of children's press in France and Brazil, questioning the uses that Human Sciences researchers have given to this potentially appealing documentary corpus. It also dialogically discusses the emergence of this niche of publication in Brazil and France, comparing two emblematic illustrated magazines from the beginning of the 20th century: the French La Semaine de Suzette and the Brazilian O Tico-Tico, both created in 1905. It analyzes four inaugural covers of these two commercial successes, trying to show the existence of a particular feature of the covers of the Brazilian magazine compared to the French: the presence of discursive carnivalization, in the terms advocated by Bakhtin (1980). It is shown that O Tico-Tico subverts gender, age and social class hierarchies, particularly those relating to the idealized ways of being of children in relation to their parents, and of pupils in relation to their teachers. childrens s corpus th century TicoTico, TicoTico Tico Tico, 1905 successes carnivalization 1980. 1980 . (1980) gender hierarchies parents teachers 190 198 (1980 19 (198 1 (19 (1 (

Resumen El artículo analiza la aparición de la prensa infantil en Francia y en Brasil, cuestionando los usos que los investigadores en Humanidades han dado a este corpus documental. Discute el surgimiento de estas publicaciones en Brasil y en Francia, comparando dos emblemáticas revistas ilustradas de principios del siglo XX: la francesa La Semaine de Suzette y la brasileña O Tico-Tico, creadas en 1905. A partir del análisis de cuatro portadas de estos dos éxitos editoriales, se demuestran una característica particular de las portadas de la revista brasileña en relación con las de su homóloga francesa: la presencia de la carnavalización discursiva, en los términos defendidos por Bakthin (1980). Se demuestra que O Tico-Tico subvierte las jerarquías de género, edad y clase social, en particular las relativas a las formas idealizadas de ser de los niños en relación con sus padres, y de los alumnos en relación con sus profesores. documental XX TicoTico, TicoTico Tico Tico, 1905 editoriales discursiva 1980. 1980 . (1980) género social padres profesores 190 198 (1980 19 (198 1 (19 (1 (