ABSTRACT Introduction/framework/objectives Over the last few years, most countries have developed standards relating to reducing the number of places where smoking continues to be possible, particularly in the workplace. This review was intended to summarize the most recent publications on the topic. Methodology This is a Bibliographic Review, initiated through a search carried out in April 2023 in the databases “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: comprehensive, MedicLatina and RCAAP”. Content Passive Smoking is defined as "second-hand" smoke that encompasses a complex mixture of pollutants, remaining in the dust on local surfaces where it was smoked, consisting of the original tobacco products and the components originating in the direct consumer's breath, eventually reacting to other agents gifts. These can remain on inert surfaces, sometimes for months and transmission can occur by simple touch. Some researchers estimate that there are around 4000 chemical agents in this context, of which 250 are toxic and 50 are even carcinogenic. Tobacco is one of the preventable causes of death worldwide and a modifiable risk factor, through mechanisms that include DNA damage, inflammation and oxidative stress. It involves health costs and reduced labor productivity, due to associated pathologies, namely cardiovascular, respiratory, oncological, obstetric and infectious diseases. Discussion and Conclusions Over the last few decades, there has been a global decrease in passive smoke, due to the introduction of increasingly restrictive standards in relation to places where smoking is still permitted, in society in general and, obviously, in the workplace as well. The selected articles did not highlight the following detail much but, by creating areas where smoking is permitted in the company, these should minimize the exposure of all workers, smokers and, above all, non-smokers. It would be desirable for countries/institutions where standards are less restrictive and/or enforced to change, so that all workers have a safe working environment. Furthermore, it would be interesting to understand what opinion Portuguese workers have regarding this topic, how standards are complied with in their workplaces and what are the most effective techniques to achieve greater success in this context.

RESUMO Introdução/enquadramento/objetivos Ao longo dos últimos anos a generalidade dos países foi desenvolvendo normas relativas à diminuição dos locais onde continua a ser possível fumar, nomeadamente em contexto laboral. Pretendeu-se com esta revisão resumir o que de mais recente se publicou sobre o tema. Metodologia Trata-se de uma Revisão Bibliográfica, iniciada através de uma pesquisa realizada em abril de 2023 nas bases de dados “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: comprehensive, MedicLatina e RCAAP”. Conteúdo O Tabagismo Passivo é definido como fumo de "segunda mão" que engloba uma mistura complexa de poluentes, permanecendo na poeira das superfícies locais onde se fumou, constituída pelos produtos tabágicos originais e os componentes originários pela respiração do consumidor direto, eventualmente reagindo a outros agentes presentes. Estes podem permanecer nas superfícies inertes, por vezes, por meses e a transmissão pode ocorrer pelo simples toque. Alguns investigadores estimam que existam neste contexto cerca de 4000 agentes químicos, dos quais 250 são tóxicos e 50 são inclusivamente carcinogénicos. O tabaco é uma das causas preveníveis de morte mundialmente e fator de risco modificável, por mecanismos que abarcam o dano de DNA, inflamação e stress oxidativo. Ele implica custos de saúde e de diminuição da produtividade laboral, em função das patologias associadas, nomeadamente cardiovascular, respiratória, oncológica, obstétrica e infeciosa. Discussão e Conclusões Ao longo das últimas décadas verificou-se, globalmente, uma diminuição ao Tabagismo Passivo, devido à introdução de normas cada vez mais restritivas em relação aos locais onde ainda é permitido fumar, na sociedade em geral e, obviamente, em contexto de trabalho também. Os artigos selecionados não realçaram muito o seguinte detalhe mas, criando-se áreas onde é permitido fumar na empresa, estas devem minimizar a exposição de todos os trabalhadores, tabagistas e, sobretudo, não fumadores. Seria desejável que os países/instituições onde as normas são menos restritivas e/ou cumpridas, tal se alterasse, de forma a todos os trabalhadores terem um ambiente laboral seguro. Para além disso, seria interessante perceber qual a opinião que os trabalhadores portugueses têm em relação a este tema, de que forma as normas são cumpridas nos seus locais de trabalho e quais as técnicas mais eficazes para obter mais sucesso neste contexto.

Abstract Purpose: To review the current advances and current of the study of consciousness in order to discuss the advantages of a research program on consciousness defined by biology and complexity sciences. Methodological design: A review of the scientific literature of consciousness showed conceptual and methodological findings and their limitations. An analysis of the methods of complexity sciences and biology was carried out to discuss how this approach is able to contribute to the study of consciousness. Results: Among the comparative development of different current theories on consciousness we have the Theory of the integration of information and the Theory of the global work area. We also present a working scheme with the methods of complexity sciences and suggest evolutionary biology as a framework for the interpretation of the results. Research Limitations: A lack of consensus on definition makes it difficult to integrate empirical data into a general theory of consciousness. Findings: Six points were discussed as necessary for the research program of evolutionary biology and complexity, such as: the adaptive functional analysis of consciousness, the emergence of modular structures, evolutionary novelties, the genetic correspondence of cognitive abilities, the effect of the environment and reciprocal causality.

Resumen Objetivo: Presentar los avances y problemas vigentes del estudio de la consciencia con el fin de discutir las ventajas de un programa de investigación centrado en ella, definido por la biología evolutiva y las ciencias de la complejidad. Diseño metodológico: Se realizó una revisión de la literatura científica de los estudios de la consciencia. La revisión se centró en mostrar los hallazgos y limitaciones conceptuales y metodológicas. Posterior a eso, se realizó un análisis de los métodos de las ciencias de la complejidad y la biología evolutiva para discutir sus alcances en el estudio de la consciencia. Resultados: Se presenta el desarrollo comparativo de diferentes teorías actuales sobre la consciencia, entre ellas: la Teoría de la integración de la información y la Teoría del área de trabajo global. También se presenta un esquema de trabajo con los métodos de las ciencias de la complejidad y se sugiere a la biología evolutiva como un marco para la interpretación de los resultados. Limitaciones de la investigación: La falta de consenso en la definición dificulta la integración de los datos empíricos en una teoría general de la consciencia. Hallazgos: Se argumenta a favor de seis puntos necesarios para el programa de investigación de la biología evolutiva y de la complejidad. Los puntos son: el análisis funcional adaptativo de la consciencia, la emergencia de estructuras modulares, las novedades evolutivas, la correspondencia genética de las capacidades cognitivas, el efecto del medio y la causalidad recíproca.

Abstract In this article, the business diagnosis is addressed through a case study focused on Bioeko. The problem context is centered on the need to understand the factors affecting the achievement of an organization's strategic objectives. The aim of the article is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of Bioeko, using an organizational diagnostic tool. The methodology adopted was based on a descriptive and inductive approach backed by a qualitative analysis. An organizational diagnostic tool was developed in Excel that allows the assessment of the organization in five key areas: strategy, finance, marketing, operations, and human resource management. This tool is complemented with specific automatic questionnaires and is based on various dimensions of analysis to evaluate and improve key areas of the company, including the current situation, forecasts, general diagnosis, and results. The study revealed that, despite having strengths in human capital management, Bioeko needs to improve its coordination, marketing, and financial administration to boost its competitiveness. In conclusion, it is argued that the implementation of diagnostic tools will drive continuous improvements in SMEs, promoting innovation and learning through a collaborative working environment. These efforts are fundamental for the growth and sustainable success of small and medium-sized enterprises.

Resumen En este artículo, se aborda el diagnóstico empresarial a través de un estudio de caso centrado en Bioeko. El contexto del problema se centra en la necesidad de comprender los factores que afectan al logro de los objetivos estratégicos de una organización. El objetivo del artículo es realizar un análisis exhaustivo de Bioeko, utilizando una herramienta de diagnóstico organizacional. La metodología adoptada se basó en un enfoque descriptivo e inductivo respaldado por un análisis cualitativo. Se desarrolló una herramienta de diagnóstico organizacional en Excel que permite evaluar la organización en cinco áreas clave: estrategia, finanzas, marketing, operaciones y gestión de recursos humanos. Esta herramienta se complementa con cuestionarios específicos automáticos y se basa en diversas dimensiones de análisis para evaluar y mejorar áreas clave de la empresa, incluyendo la situación actual, previsiones, diagnóstico general y resultados. El estudio reveló que, a pesar de contar con fortalezas en la gestión del capital humano, Bioeko necesita mejorar su coordinación, marketing y administración financiera para impulsar su competitividad. En conclusión, se sostiene que la implementación de herramientas de diagnóstico impulsará mejoras constantes en las Mipymes, fomentando la innovación y el aprendizaje a través de un entorno laboral colaborativo. Estos esfuerzos son fundamentales para el crecimiento y el éxito sostenible de las pequeñas y medianas empresas.

Abstract Purpose: To review the current advances and current of the study of consciousness in order to discuss the advantages of a research program on consciousness defined by biology and complexity sciences. Methodological design: A review of the scientific literature of consciousness showed conceptual and methodological findings and their limitations. An analysis of the methods of complexity sciences and biology was carried out to discuss how this approach is able to contribute to the study of consciousness. Results: Among the comparative development of different current theories on consciousness we have the Theory of the integration of information and the Theory of the global work area. We also present a working scheme with the methods of complexity sciences and suggest evolutionary biology as a framework for the interpretation of the results. Research Limitations: A lack of consensus on definition makes it difficult to integrate empirical data into a general theory of consciousness. Findings: Six points were discussed as necessary for the research program of evolutionary biology and complexity, such as: the adaptive functional analysis of consciousness, the emergence of modular structures, evolutionary novelties, the genetic correspondence of cognitive abilities, the effect of the environment and reciprocal causality.

Resumen Objetivo: Presentar los avances y problemas vigentes del estudio de la consciencia con el fin de discutir las ventajas de un programa de investigación centrado en ella, definido por la biología evolutiva y las ciencias de la complejidad. Diseño metodológico: Se realizó una revisión de la literatura científica de los estudios de la consciencia. La revisión se centró en mostrar los hallazgos y limitaciones conceptuales y metodológicas. Posterior a eso, se realizó un análisis de los métodos de las ciencias de la complejidad y la biología evolutiva para discutir sus alcances en el estudio de la consciencia. Resultados: Se presenta el desarrollo comparativo de diferentes teorías actuales sobre la consciencia, entre ellas: la Teoría de la integración de la información y la Teoría del área de trabajo global. También se presenta un esquema de trabajo con los métodos de las ciencias de la complejidad y se sugiere a la biología evolutiva como un marco para la interpretación de los resultados. Limitaciones de la investigación: La falta de consenso en la definición dificulta la integración de los datos empíricos en una teoría general de la consciencia. Hallazgos: Se argumenta a favor de seis puntos necesarios para el programa de investigación de la biología evolutiva y de la complejidad. Los puntos son: el análisis funcional adaptativo de la consciencia, la emergencia de estructuras modulares, las novedades evolutivas, la correspondencia genética de las capacidades cognitivas, el efecto del medio y la causalidad recíproca.

RESUMEN Se entiende como calidad del trabajo intrínseco a variables como: el grado de autonomía, la variedad y complejidad de las tareas, el uso de habilidades y la posibilidad de desarrollo profesional en el trabajo. En tanto que, las perspectivas futuras abordan la percepción de los trabajadores sobre su futuro laboral, incluyendo aspectos como las oportunidades de progreso profesional, la seguridad en el empleo y la satisfacción laboral. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar la importancia de las variables asociadas a la calidad intrínseca del trabajo y las perspectivas futuras en relación con el estrés experimentado por los trabajadores autónomos en Ecuador. Se aplicó un enfoque cuantitativo mediante regresión logística a datos de una muestra de 1055 trabajadores de la provincia de Manabí, utilizando la Encuesta Europea sobre Condiciones de Trabajo (EWCS) 2015. Se encontró que una evaluación positiva del trabajo propio está asociada con mayor estrés, mientras resolver problemas imprevistos personalmente se relaciona con menos estrés. Además, realizar tareas complejas y ofrecer formación pagada externa o en el lugar de trabajo aumenta la probabilidad de estrés. Por otro lado, menor satisfacción en el trabajo, disfrutar ser el propio jefe, dificultades para manejar el negocio, facilidad para encontrar nuevos clientes y la percepción de que el trabajo afecta la salud también están vinculados con mayor estrés. Estos hallazgos destacan la importancia de gestionar el trabajo y el entorno laboral para mejorar el bienestar de los trabajadores autónomos.

ABSTRACT Intrinsic job quality is understood in terms of variables such as: the degree of autonomy, the variety and complexity of tasks, the use of skills, and the possibility of professional development at work. Meanwhile, future prospects address workers' perceptions of their career future, including aspects such as opportunities for professional advancement, job security, and job satisfaction. This research aims to analyze the importance of variables associated with intrinsic job quality and future prospects in relation to the stress experienced by self-employed workers in Ecuador. A quantitative approach was applied using logistic regression to data from a sample of 1055 workers in the province of Manabí, utilizing the 2015 European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS). It was found that a positive assessment of one's own work is associated with higher stress, while personally resolving unforeseen problems is related to lower stress. Additionally, performing complex tasks and providing paid external or on-the-job training increases the likelihood of stress. On the other hand, lower job satisfaction, enjoying being one's own boss, difficulties in managing the business, ease in finding new clients, and the perception that work affects health are also linked to higher stress. These findings underscore the importance of managing work and the work environment to improve the well-being of self-employed workers.

Abstract Education today is evolving rapidly derived from various causes such as the confinement by COVID-19, national political changes, among others, this means that a diversity of emotions is presented within the classroom, so it is important to identify the emotions that are generated inside the classroom and how these influence the teaching and learning process of the student at a higher level. This research work aims to analyze the emotions present in the teacher and how they influence the teaching-learning process. To achieve the stated objective, the investigation was approached with the analysis of six basic emotions: anger, sadness, joy, fear, surprise, aversion, making a quantitative and continuous dependent variable measurement from the application of a questionnaire composed of 16 items to 146 fourth semester students of the Biotechnology Interdisciplinary Professional Unit. The results obtained show different emotional states present in the teacher, there being an influence that affects the teaching-learning process of the students derived from the activation of a chain of events present in the students and in the classroom environment, resulting in alert states. anxiety and disorganization manifesting in poor academic performance, this opens lines of research in which the student's working conditions can be modified as well as suggesting a series of emotional management courses for teachers in order to lead to harmonious learning environments.

Resumen En la actualidad, la educación ha evolucionado rápidamente como resultado de diversas causas, como el confinamiento debido al covid-19, los cambios políticos nacionales, entre otros. Esto significa que hay una diversidad de emociones presentes dentro de las aulas, por lo que el objetivo del presente trabajo fue identificarlas y determinar cómo influyen en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje, específicamente en el nivel superior. Para ello, se analizaron seis emociones básicas: ira, tristeza, alegría, miedo, sorpresa y aversión, lo cual se efectuó mediante una medición cuantitativa y continua de variables dependientes a partir de la aplicación de un cuestionario compuesto por 16 ítems a 146 estudiantes de primer semestre de la Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología. Los resultados muestran distintos estados emocionales presentes en los docentes que influyen en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de los estudiantes, lo cual desencadena una serie de eventos en los alumnos y en el ambiente del aula. Esto se manifiesta en estados de alerta, ansiedad y desorganización, los cuales se reflejan en un bajo rendimiento académico. Estos hallazgos abren líneas de investigación para modificar las condiciones de trabajo de los alumnos y sugieren la implementación de cursos de manejo emocional para los docentes con el fin de promover ambientes de aprendizaje más armónicos.

Resumo Atualmente, a educação tem evoluído rapidamente como resultado de diversas causas, como o confinamento devido à covid-19, mudanças políticas nacionais, entre outras. Isto significa que existe uma diversidade de emoções presentes nas salas de aula, pelo que o objetivo deste trabalho foi identificá-las e determinar como influenciam o processo de ensino e aprendizagem, especificamente ao nível superior. Para isso foram analisadas seis emoções básicas: raiva, tristeza, alegria, medo, surpresa e aversão, o que foi realizado por meio de uma mensuração quantitativa e contínua de variáveis dependentes a partir da aplicação de um questionário composto por 16 itens a 146 alunos do quarto ano. semestre da Unidade Profissional Interdisciplinar de Biotecnologia. Os resultados mostram diferentes estados emocionais presentes nos professores que influenciam o processo de ensino-aprendizagem dos alunos, o que desencadeia uma série de acontecimentos nos alunos e no ambiente de sala de aula. Isto se manifesta em estados de alerta, ansiedade e desorganização, que se refletem no mau desempenho acadêmico. Essas descobertas abrem linhas de pesquisa para modificar as condições de trabalho dos alunos e sugerem a implementação de cursos de gestão emocional para professores, a fim de promover ambientes de aprendizagem mais harmoniosos.

ABSTRACT The Pajeú backlands, a region in the Semi-arid zone of Pernambuco, is characterized by periods of drought and public policies focused on combating this climatic phenomenon. In contrast to this process, a network, formed by agroecological female farmers in the region, advocates for the construction of a healthy territory, having as a guiding principle the coexistence with the Semi-arid environment. The aim was to describe the ongoing projects of the Pajeú Women’s Producers Network aimed at coexisting with the Semiarid environment and their impacts on strengthening the territories. This is an observational, analytical study with a qualitative approach. Three conversation circles were held with women members of the Pajeú Women’s Producers Network, along with direct observation of their activities from December 2022 to March 2023. The systematized data – conversation and field diary – were analyzed according to Bardin. Various actions were identified that contribute to the development of a territory historically rich in agroecological experiences, towards its healthy development. The construction of agroecology through feminist mobilization is a predictor of the formation of healthy and sustainable territories in the region, for coexisting with nature.

RESUMO O sertão do Pajeú, região do Semiárido pernambucano, tem seu território marcado por períodos de estiagens e secas e políticas públicas centradas em ações de combate ao fenômeno climático. Contrária a este processo, uma rede, formada por agricultoras agroecológicas da região, aponta para a construção de um território saudável tendo a convivência com o Semiárido como base orientadora. Objetivou-se descrever os projetos em atuação da Rede de Mulheres Produtoras do Pajeú que visam à convivência com o Semiárido e suas reverberações no fortalecimento dos territórios. Estudo observacional, analítico e de abordagem qualitativa. Foram realizadas três rodas de conversação com mulheres integrantes da Rede de Mulheres Produtoras do Pajeú e observação direta de suas atividades no período de dezembro de 2022 a março de 2023. Os dados sistematizados – conversação e diário de campo – foram analisados segundo Bardin. Foram elencadas diversas ações que confluem para o desenvolvimento saudável de um território que é historicamente rico em experiências agroecológicas. A construção da agroecologia mediante mobilização feminista é preditora da formação de territórios saudáveis e sustentáveis na região, para convivência com a natureza.

BACKGROUND: The work environment presents major challenges for breastfeeding mothers through the physical separation of the mother and the baby post maternity leave OBJECTIVE: To explore the experiences of employed breastfeeding mothers from designated workplaces (with more than 50 employees) in Worcester, South Africa METHOD: This qualitative study was conducted using focus group discussions (FDGs). Employed breastfeeding mothers from designated retail, manufacturing and public workplaces were recruited from local communities. Eligible participants were those who had exclusively or predominantly breastfed their children for up to 6 months and had given birth within the last 24 months. A community fieldworker recruited participants and coordinated scheduling for the FDGs RESULTS: Five FDGs (N=24) were conducted. The mothers described returning to work as emotionally and logistically challenging. Those who continued breastfeeding while working demonstrated a strong commitment to and belief in breastfeeding. Consistent enabling factors and main sources of support mentioned included immediate family members, such as grandmothers, siblings and spouses. The challenges identified were a lack of private spaces and time to express breastmilk at work, an unsupportive workplace culture and a lack of work-life balance. The support needs identified for a successful return to work while breastfeeding included flexible schedules, designated private spaces for expressing milk, supportive colleagues and managers and active engagement with senior management on breastfeeding support CONCLUSION: There is a need for psychosocial support for breastfeeding mothers to manage the emotional demands of returning to work and logistical support, such as providing breastfeeding spaces and time for expressing breastmilk. Human resource managers, occupational health nurses and wellness officials should inform mothers about the recommendation to provide breastfeeding breaks at work. Engagement and advocacy efforts with workplaces and these stakeholders on the importance of breastfeeding support should be initiated

Die inflasiekoers en die produksiegaping speel 'n belangrike rol in die monetêrebeleidstand-punt. Alhoewel die publiek inflasie redelik goed verstaan, is die produksiegaping 'n relatief onbekende begrip. Definisies van potensiële produksie kan dubbelsinnig wees, aangesien die term dikwels gebruik word om verwante, maar logies afsonderlike, konsepte te beskryf. Die produksiegaping word ook nie direk waargeneem nie en word afgelei uit beramings van potensiële produksie, wat self nie waarneembaar of meetbaar is nie en dus beraam moet word. Hierdie beramings kan egter sensitief wees vir verskillende metodologiese paradigmas en databeskikbaarheid. Die doel van hierdie artikel is om by te dra tot 'n beter begrip van en groter deursigtigheid in plaaslike monetêre beleid deur die rol van die produksiegaping in Suid-Afrikaanse monetêre beleid te verduidelik. Eerstens word die idees onderliggend aan die konsep van die produksiegaping bespreek, waarna 'n werksdefinisie van die produksiegaping in die konteks van monetêre beleid voorgestel word. Verskeie metodologieë en empiriese tegnieke waarvolgens potensiële produksie en die produksiegaping beraam kan word, word bespreek, insluitende eenveranderlike statistiese tegnieke, strukturele modelle en semistrukturele benaderings. Die artikel verduidelik voorts hoe die Suid-Afrikaanse Reserwebank (SARB) die plaaslike produksiegaping beraam en hoe hierdie beraamde produksiegaping op die monetêrebeleidstand-punt inwerk. Ten slotte word die SARB se monetêrebeleidstandpunt beskou met betrekking tot die inflasiekoers en produksiegapingsberamings oor die afgelope twee dekades ten einde die reaksie van die plaaslike monetêre beleid op groot ekonomiese skokke soos die wêreldwye finansiële krisis en COVID-19 te illustreer, en ten einde die beramings se sensitiwiteit vir datahersienings uit te lig.

The inflation rate and the output gap are two of the main determinants of the monetary policy stance. However, while inflation is relatively well understood by the public, the output gap is not. The output gap is not directly observed and is derived from estimates of potential output. Potential output is also not observable or measurable, and therefore needs to be estimated. Such estimates can, however, be sensitive to different methodological paradigms and the availability of data, while definitions of potential output may be ambiguous, because the term is often used to describe related, but logically distinct, concepts. With the aim of contributing to a better understanding of and greater transparency in domestic monetary policy, this paper describes the role of the output gap in South African monetary policy by broadly examining the following three questions: (i) What exactly is the output gap?; (ii) How is it measured? and (iii) Why is it important? To begin with, the idea underlying the concept of the output gap is explained and a tentative working definition of the output gap in the context of monetary policy is provided. Various methodologies and empirical techniques of estimating potential output and the output gap are then discussed, including univariate statistical techniques, structural models and semi-structural approaches. This is followed by an explanation of how the South African Reserve Bank (SARB) estimates the domestic output gap, and how the estimated output gap feeds into the monetary policy stance. Finally, the SARB's monetary policy stance is viewed in relation to the inflation rate and output gap estimates over the last two decades to illustrate the domestic monetary policy response to notable economic events such as the global financial crisis and the COVID-19 shock, and to highlight the sensitivity of the estimates to data revision. This paper shows that both actual and potential economic growth have declined over the last decade, even without taking into account the COVID-19 shock. This is consistent with the South African empirical literature, and points to a worrying and persistent stagnation in domestic economic activity. After strong economic activity during the early 2000s, the economy started slowing down in 2008. This may be ascribed to a number of factors, including the introduction of load-shedding in 2007, changes in the global economic landscape following the globalfinancial crisis, dwindling infrastructure investment after the 2010 FIFA World Cup tournament, and uncertainty about domestic economic policy. COVID-19 brought about a massive economic shock in 2020. Lockdown regulations saw capital and labour withdrawn from economic use, which caused real GDP and potential output to contract by 6,2% and 2,7%, respectively, for the year. The output gap, which has mainly remained in negative territory since 2009, fell to -7,9% in the second quarter of 2020. In response to the crisis, the SARB drastically lowered the policy rate and applied several other financial market interventions, but even this extensive range of stimuli failed to prevent an economic collapse. Moreover, the output gap has remained negative despite a minor rebound of the economy in 2021 and 2022, which indicated that economic activity remained on its weakpre-COVID-19 trajectory. Inflation has stabilised markedly since 2010. This may be partly due to weak domestic economic activity that does not exert significant domestic inflationary pressures. In fact, many of the notable inflationary episodes of the last 25years were largely caused by external factors, such as the rand depreciation shock and the global financial crisis. This benign domestic inflationary environment has arguably made it easier for the SARB to achieve its inflation target. Such consistency has contributed to an increase in the SARB's credibility, which, in turn, has led to inflation expectations that are lower and better anchored.

Purpose This study aims to evaluate the effect of diversity of knowledge and intrinsic motivation on individual absorptive capacity, its effect on innovative behavior at work, as well as the moderating effect of autonomy at work. Design/methodology/approach Data collection was carried out at the Companhia do Metropolitano de São Paulo – Metrô – obtaining 192 valid questionnaires, which were analyzed using descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling with partial least squares estimation. Findings Intrinsic motivation and diversity of prior knowledge have a direct effect on individual absorptive capacity (IAC) and an indirect effect on innovative work behavior (IWB). The relationship between IAC and IWB is strengthened as work autonomy increases (moderating effect). Research limitations/implications The results are not generalizable as this is a nonprobabilistic sample with respondents from the public sector who have job stability. Practical implications To encourage innovative behavior at work, the organization can implement practices that promote autonomy at work, and consider personal experiences that are not directly related to work during the selection and hiring process. Social implications By valuing life experience and autonomy at work and promoting innovative behavior at work, a working environment in which people feel good must be created. Originality/value The main highlights are the operationalization of the diversity of prior knowledge as a three-dimensional construct that promotes IAC, in addition to the moderating effect of autonomy at work. Designmethodologyapproach Design methodology approach 19 questionnaires estimation (IAC IWB. . (IWB) effect. effect) limitationsimplications limitations stability process created Originalityvalue Originality value threedimensional three dimensional 1 (IWB

Abstract The university is acknowledged as an institution of great complexity, one that constantly navigates challenges in its interactions with the external community while adhering to an ethical code that defines its institutional identity and guides its research efforts. Moreover, it undertakes digital transformation processes to effectively meet its objectives. With this recognition, this article reports on the experience of designing and developing a Platform for the management of ethical and safety evaluations in scientific research, aimed at facilitating the work of ethical-scientific committees in the university environment. The methodological approach was carried out using tools typical of case study designs, working with documents and defining the following as dimensions of analysis: the development conditions of the platform, its characteristics, its future and challenges. The results indicate that in organizations that prioritize digital transformation as a process that adds value to strategy, a positive impact on knowledge management is observed, as is the case with this Platform. The significance of working with key actors, system users who execute interactions on the platform, appreciating their role in feedback processes and the improvement of the computer resource, is highlighted. Furthermore, it is noted that when there is a strategic vision of digital transformation as a process, favoring progressive development, identifying gaps and improvements in systems, enriching synergies are generated with other sectors of the institution, resulting in a profound and widespread impact throughout the university.

Resumen La universidad como institución es reconocida como una organización de gran complejidad, que constantemente navega desafíos en su interacción con la comunidad externa, al mismo tiempo que se adhiere a un código ético que define su identidad institucional y guía su labor investigativa, y que emprende procesos de transformación digital para cumplir efectivamente con sus objetivos. Con ese reconocimiento, este artículo da cuenta de la experiencia de diseño y desarrollo de una Plataforma para la gestión de la evaluación ética y de seguridad en investigación científica, destinada a facilitar el trabajo de los Comités ético-científicos en el ámbito universitario. El abordaje metodológico se realizó desde herramientas propias de los diseños de estudios de caso, trabajando con material documental y definiendo las siguientes como dimensiones de análisis: las condiciones de desarrollo de la plataforma, las características de ella, sus proyecciones y desafíos. Los resultados indican que en las organizaciones que priorizan la transformación digital como un proceso que aporta valor a la estrategia, se observa un impacto positivo en la gestión del conocimiento, tal como ocurre con esta Plataforma. Destaca la relevancia del trabajo con los actores claves, usuarios del sistema, quienes ejecutan las interacciones en la plataforma, valorando su rol en los procesos de retroalimentación y mejora del recurso informático. Además, se destaca que cuando hay una mirada estratégica de la transformación digital como proceso, favoreciendo un desarrollo progresivo, identificando brechas y mejoras en los sistemas, se generan sinergias enriquecedoras con otros sectores de la institución, generando un impacto profundo y amplio en toda la universidad.

ABSTRACT The present study focuses on vibration exposure and its impact on occupational health, contrasting the results with previous research. Workers in a specific workshop were investigated, assessing their vibration exposure, working hours and risk perception. A mixed approach was used, collecting data through structured surveys and inferential statistical analysis. The results indicate that 80% of the workers are exposed to vibration to some extent, with 10% exposed half the time and 6% almost always. However, no significant correlations were found between vibration exposure and other factors such as musculoskeletal health or reduced work activity. These discrepancies with previous research suggest demographic and occupational variations among the samples studied. It is concluded that it is critical to address musculoskeletal health in a comprehensive manner, implementing effective control measures to prevent mechanical vibration-related injuries.

RESUMEN Este trabajo aborda los desafíos del estrés laboral en docentes universitarios, analizando su impacto en la salud mental y el desempeño laboral. El objetivo es identificar las causas y consecuencias del estrés en este grupo y proponer medidas para mitigarlo. Se realizó una investigación no experimental con enfoque mixto, utilizando análisis descriptivo y relacional. Se aplicaron encuestas a 31 docentes, utilizando el cuestionario alemán Effort-Reward Imbalance y la escala de ansiedad de Zung. Los resultados muestran una correlación entre la carga laboral, la falta de reconocimiento y el nivel de estrés. Se concluye que es necesario abordar los factores psicosociales en el entorno laboral para promover un ambiente saludable y apoyar el bienestar de los docentes, lo que a su vez beneficiará la calidad educativa.

RESUMEN Introducción: El trabajo en la industria de la construcción se considera precario, deficiente en medidas preventivas y con altas tasas de accidentes y enfermedades laborales; de tal modo que esta actividad es calificada por instituciones e investigadores como un trabajo peligroso. Objetivos: Estudiar el proceso laboral del montaje de estructuras metálicas por medio de una metodología cualitativa, para conocer los riesgos y exigencias existentes en las tareas y estructurar las medidas preventivas conducentes. Métodos: Para realizar esta investigación se utilizaron la Cédula de Información General de la Empresa y llos Diagramas Complejos de Salud en el Trabajo, que forman parte de la metodología llamada Modelo PROVERIFICA para la Verificación, Diagnóstico y Vigilancia de la Salud Laboral en las Empresas. Resultados: Se detectó una amplia gama de riesgos y exigencias en el montaje de estructuras metálicas: polvos de la construcción; radiaciones y humos de la soldadura eléctrica; posiciones incómodas y esfuerzo físico intenso; jornadas de trabajo intensivas y extensivas; y, sobre todo, la posibilidad de sufrir accidentes de trabajo en las maniobras de montaje y al trabajo en alturas. Conclusión: Los trabajadores son la parte fundamental de las empresas, por lo cual se deben efectuar las acciones necesarias para mantener un medio ambiente de trabajo exento de riesgos y exigencias que puedan dañar su salud. Así, es prioritario contar con estadísticas confiables, planes y programas de capacitación de carácter preventivo y estudios periódicos de salud laboral en las empresas, entre otras medidas.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The construction industry is considered dangerous, deficient in preventive measures, and one that has high rates of accidents and occupational illnesses, such that jobs in this industry are classified by institutions and researchers as «dangerous jobs». Objectives: To study, by means of a qualitative methodology, the workplace process of assembling metallic structures, to learn what the existing risks and demands of the tasks in this job are, in order to structure appropriate preventive measures. Methods: To carry out this study, the General Company Information Certificate and Complex Occupational Health Diagrams were used, which are part of the methodology called the PROVERIFICA Model for the Verification, Diagnosis and Surveillance of Occupational Health in Businesses. Results: A wide range of risks and requirements were detected in the assembly of metal structures: construction dust, radiation and fumes from electric welding, uncomfortable positions and intense physical exertion, intensive and long workdays, and above all, the potential for workplace accidents during assembly maneuvers, due to working at height. Conclusion: Workers are the fundamental component of businesses, which is why the necessary actions must be taken to maintain a work environment free of risks and demands that could harm their health. Thus, it is a priority to collect reliable statistics, implement preventive training plans and programs, and conduct periodic occupational health studies in businesses, among other measures.

RESUMEN Introducción: El estigma relacionado con la identidad sexual, especialmente entre HSH, sigue siendo un desafío importante en muchas culturas, este estigma puede aparecer de varias maneras, desde una discriminación explícita hasta estereotipos más discretos, y puede afectar negativamente la salud mental y emocional de quienes lo sufren. Objetivo: Analizar el estigma de identidad sexual y apoyo social entre los hombres que tienen sexo con otros hombres en Central y Asunción, Paraguay durante el 2024. Metodología: Estudio cualitativo, fenomenológico de tipo descriptivo y explicativo. Las categorías de análisis consideradas en este estudio fueron: a) Estigma y apoyo social en la comunidad en general, b) Divulgación de identidad sexual a la comunidad en general, c) Divulgación de identidad sexual a familiares y amigos y d) Estigma y apoyo social en la comunidad de LGBT. Resultados: Participaron del estudio, nueve HSH, donde los testimonios revelan el profundo anhelo de vivir con autenticidad y libertad. Los HSH en Paraguay desean poder ser ellos mismos sin temor a ser juzgados o rechazados, anhelan relaciones abiertas y honestas, y aspiran a una comunidad donde puedan compartir experiencias y apoyarse mutuamente Conclusión: Los HSH enfrentan obstáculos en su crecimiento y unión como comunidad. La ausencia de una comunidad fuerte y unida dificulta el apoyo mutuo y el desarrollo personal, además de la competencia y la falta de colaboración entre organizaciones e individuos crean un ambiente dividido, donde cada uno busca sus propios beneficios en lugar de trabajar juntos por el bien de todos.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Stigma related to sexual identity, especially among MSM, remains a major challenge in many cultures, this stigma can appear in various ways, from explicit discrimination to more discreet stereotypes, and can negatively affect the mental and emotional health of those who suffer from it. Objective: Analyze the stigma of sexual identity and social support among men who have sex with other men in Central and Asunción, Paraguay during 2024. Methodology: Qualitative, Phenomenological Study of a descriptive and explanatory type. The analysis categories considered in this study were: a) Stigma and social support in the community in general, b) Disclosure of sexual identity to the community in general, c) Disclosure of sexual identity to family and friends and d) Stigma and social support in the LGBT community. Results: Nine MSM participated in the study, where the testimonies reveal the deep desire to live with authenticity and freedom. MSM in Paraguay want to be able to be themselves without fear of being judged or rejected, they long for open and honest relationships, and they aspire to a community where they can share experiences and support each other. Conclusion: MSM face obstacles in their growth and unity as a community. The absence of a strong and united community makes mutual support and personal development difficult, in addition to competition and lack of collaboration between organizations and individuals creating a divided environment, where everyone seeks their own benefits instead of working together for the good. of everyone.

ABSTRACT The objective of the research was to analyze whether motivation affects the productivity of the cashiers at Plaza Vea El Cortijo - Barranco 2022. Regarding the methodology, a non-experimental design was used, with a quantitative approach, with an explanatory-causal scope. The census-type sample, made up of 50 ATMs from Plaza Vea El Cortijo. With respect to data collection, the survey was used as a technique and the questionnaire as an instrument, which had 19 items. Regarding the data treatment in reference to the inferential environment, linear regression was applied to calculate if the model is adequate and has predictive capacity. For the general hypothesis, the R2 found was (0.688), indicating that the incidence is moderate, concluding that motivation significantly affects productivity, highlighting that communication, recognition and working conditions play a crucial role in the motivation of employees. the cashiers of the investigated entity and that in turn this condition has a significant impact on the productivity goals established by the store.

RESUMEN El objetivo de la investigación consideró analizar si la motivación incide en la productividad de los cajeros de Plaza Vea El Cortijo - Barranco 2022. En cuanto a la metodología, se empleó el diseño no experimental, de enfoque cuantitativo, con alcance explicativo- causal. La muestra tipo censal, conformada por 50 cajeros de Plaza Vea El Cortijo. Con respecto a la recopilación de datos se dispuso como técnica la encuesta y el cuestionario como instrumento, el cual contó de 19 ítems. En cuanto al tratamiento de datos en referencia al entorno inferencial se aplicó la regresión lineal para calcular si el modelo es adecuado y tiene capacidad predictiva. Para la hipótesis general el R2 hallada fue de (0, 688) indicando que la incidencia es moderada, concluyendo que la motivación incide significativamente en la productividad, destacando que la comunicación, el reconocimiento y las condiciones laborales juega un rol crucial en la motivación de los cajeros de la entidad investigada y que a su vez esta condición repercute significativamente en la productividad en metas, establecida por la tienda.