Resumen Desde los inicios de la ocupación española en el Perú en el siglo XVI y tras el proceso de transculturización, una gran variedad de muros, arcos y bóvedas se construyeron con tamaños similares a los ejecutados en la península Ibérica. Al inicio, estas obras fueron hechas con ladrillo, piedra y adobe; sin embargo, con los frecuentes sismos y terremotos que hicieron colapsar gran parte de estas edificaciones, se evidenció la falta de previsión constructiva de los alarifes españoles. Por tanto, se tuvo que recurrir a la quincha, material hecho de entramados de madera rolliza, caña, y cubierta de barro que fuera utilizado en la construcción de viviendas y centros administrativos prehispánicos. La presente investigación muestra los resultados de un trabajo de campo, descriptivo, de revisión bibliográfica completa que tuvo como objetivo demostrar el origen y evolución de las bóvedas de quincha en el Perú; la capacidad sismorresistente del material, así como la eficacia estructural que tuvo en la construcción de las bóvedas y cúpulas de las principales iglesias de Trujillo. Los resultados permiten una mayor comprensión de la arquitectura virreinal y evidencian su utilidad ancestral ante el contexto moderno, así como su estética cautivadora que permite la identificación del trujillano con su patrimonio cultural.

Abstract Since the beginning of the Spanish occupation in Peru in the sixteenth century and after the process of transculturation, a great variety of walls, arches and vaults were built with sizes similar to those executed in the Iberian Peninsula. At the beginning, these works were made with brick, stone and adobe; however, with the frequent earthquakes that made collapse much of these buildings, the lack of constructive foresight of the Spanish alarifes was evident. Therefore, they had to resort to the quincha, material made of wooden grids, cane, and mud cover that was used in the construction of pre-Hispanic housing and administrative centers. The present research shows the results of a field work, descriptive, complete bibliographic review that aimed to demonstrate the origin and evolution of quincha vaults in Peru; the seismic resistance of the material, as well as the structural effectiveness it had in the construction of the vaults and domes of the main churches of Trujillo. The results allow a greater understanding of the viceroyalty architecture and evidence its ancestral usefulness in the modern context, as well as its captivating aesthetic that allows the identification of the trujillano with its cultural heritage.

Resumo Desde o início da ocupação espanhola no Peru no século XVI e após o processo de transculturação, uma grande variedade de muros, arcos e abóbadas foram construídas com tamanhos similares aos executados na península Ibérica. No início, estas obras foram feitas com tijolo, pedra e adobe; no entanto, com os frequentes sismos e terremotos que fizeram colapsar grande parte destas edificações, evidenciou-se a falta de previsão construtiva dos alarifes espanhóis. Portanto, teve que se recorrer à quincha, material feito de treliça de madeira roliça, cana, e coberta de barro que foi utilizado na construção de casas e centros administrativos pré-hispânicos. A presente investigação mostra os resultados de um trabalho de campo, descritivo, de revisão bibliográfica completa que teve como objetivo demonstrar a origem e evolução das abóbadas de quincha no Peru; a capacidade sismorresistente do material, bem como a eficácia estrutural que teve na construção das abóbadas e cúpulas das principais igrejas de Trujillo. Os resultados permitem uma maior compreensão da arquitetura do vice-reinado e evidenciam sua utilidade ancestral diante do contexto moderno, bem como sua estética cativante que permite a identificação do cidadão com seu patrimônio cultural.

ABSTRACT In a framework of expansions and diversifications linked to the field of architectural and urban preservation, the industrial heritage constitutes a complex challenge for its valuation, even more in the residential area. In particular, ports have undergone various technical and economic restructurings since the mid-twentieth century that caused transformations in their environment. In this sense, Mar del Plata is an outstanding example, as its port area has presented unique dynamics in relation to the ways of inhabiting the sector. In this context it is interesting to inquire into the surviving wooden and sheet metal port huts, that were built during the first half of the twentieth century. By means of a qualitative approach focused on the interpretation of primary and secondary sources, a tangible and intangible analysis is proposed to contribute to its recognition and valuation.

RESUMEN En un marco de ampliaciones y diversificaciones vinculadas al campo de la preservación arquitectónica y urbana, el patrimonio industrial constituye un desafío complejo para su valoración, más aún en lo referido al ámbito residencial. En particular, los puertos han sostenido diversas reestructuraciones técnicas y económicas desde mediados del siglo XX, que provocaron transformaciones en gran parte de su entorno. En este sentido, Mar del Plata constituye un ejemplo destacado, ya que su zona portuaria ha presentado dinamismos singulares en relación con las formas de habitar el sector. En este marco interesa indagar las casillas portuarias de madera y chapa que perviven, conformadas durante la primera mitad del siglo XX. Mediante un enfoque cualitativo centrado en la interpretación de fuentes primarias y secundarias, se propone un análisis material e inmaterial que aporte a su reconocimiento y valoración.

Resumen Introducción: el estudio estimó la tasa de prevalencia de enfermedades y síntomas respiratorios agudos (ESRA) y sus factores de riesgo (FR). Se llevó a cabo en tres colonias anfitrionas: Salsipuedes (200 viviendas), San Miguel (35) y Ampliación San Miguel (9) de la región sureste de la Ciudad de San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas, México, donde se ubica la minera pétrea de arena y grava para construcción de carreteras y viviendas, desde hace 35 años. Metodología: se realizó un estudio transversal epidemiológico; se inició con un censo de población y 156 hogares (el 63.9 % del total) aceptaron participar en la encuesta, así, se aplicó un cuestionario estructurado con preguntas cerradas y abiertas a un mayor de edad de cada familia. Por un lado, las preguntas cerradas se orientaron a identificar los signos y los síntomas de enfermedades incidentes y prevalentes; por otro lado, se hicieron seis preguntas abiertas cualitativas relacionadas con cómo se considera la actividad del banco de arena existente en cada barrio, a fin de conocer las percepciones del riesgo social, ambiental y de salud, y su posible asociación con habitar en colonias limítrofes con la minera. Resultados: la tasa de prevalencia de ESRA en Salsipuedes fue del 5.6 %, en San Miguel del 12.0 % y en Ampliación San Miguel del 21.9 % (TP total=7.6 %) (p ≤ 0.05). Se exploraron nueve variables socioeconómicas, de ellas, cinco (pared de madera de la vivienda, proximidad de la colonia, proximidad de la carretera internacional, tenencia del hogar y percepción de salud) se asociaron estadísticamente con la actividad minera pétrea con un valor de significancia estadística de p ≤ 0.05. Conclusiones: las actividades de minería repercuten en las ESRA y se vinculan a la proximidad y las condiciones de la vivienda, asimismo, influyen en las percepciones negativas de la salud y el ambiente.

Abstract Introduction: The study estimated the prevalence rate of Acute Respiratory Diseases and Symptoms (ESRA) and its risk factors (RF), it was carried out in three host neighborhoods: Salsipuedes (200 households), San Miguel (35) and Ampliación San Miguel (9) from the southeast region of the city of San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas, Mexico, where the Salsipuedes stone mining company of sand and gravel for construction of roads and houses is located, for 35 years of extraction. Methodology: A cross-sectional epidemiological study was carried out, it began with a population census, where the survey was accepted in 156 (63.9 % of the total) and a structured questionnaire with closed and open questions was applied to an adult of each family. The questions were oriented to identify the signs and symptoms of incident and prevalent diseases (closed questions), on the other hand, six open qualitative questions related to how do you consider the activity of the sandbank that exists in your neighborhood?, to identify the perceptions of the risk for social, environmental and health damages, and whether or not they associated them with living in those neighboring host neighborhoods of the mining company. Results: The prevalence rate of ESRA in Salsipuedes was 5.6%, San Miguel 12.0% and Ampliación San Miguel 21.9% (total TP=7.6%) (p ≤ 0.05); Nine socioeconomic variables were explored, of which five (wooden wall of the house, proximity to the neighborhood, proximity to the international highway, home ownership and health perception) were statistically associated with stone mining activity with a significance value statistic of (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: Mining activities had an impact on ESRA associated with the proximity and conditions of housing and also influenced negative perceptions of health and the environment.

ABSTRACT The wood-based housing market in Chile requires a complementary review that considers the competitive advantages of this material regarding its technical features and structural properties, to strengthen compliance with the Chilean General Urban Planning and Construction Ordinance (OGUC, in Spanish) and the Sustainable Building Codes. The purpose of this research was to develop an Integrated Sustainability and Safety Indicator (IISS, in Spanish), which integrates regulatory, social, territorial, and environmental aspects, considering (1) presentation, (2) sustainability, and (3) safety variables for wooden houses. For this, information was collected from 230 wood construction companies located between the regions of Valparaíso and Los Ríos, in Central Chile, where product presentation and safety were highlighted as inputs to calculate the IISS. This integration resulted in a classification of useful technical indicators to promote wood use as a construction option that prevails over or complements other building options.

RESUMEN El mercado de viviendas en Chile, basado en madera, requiere una revisión complementaria en función de las ventajas competitivas que posee este material respecto a sus prestaciones técnicas y propiedades estructurales, para fortalecer el cumplimiento de la Ordenanza General de Urbanismo y Construcción [OGUC] chileno y los Códigos de Construcción Sustentables. En ese marco, el objetivo central de la presente investigación fue desarrollar un Indicador Integrado de Seguridad y Sustentabilidad (IISS) capaz de integrar aspectos normativos, sociales, territoriales y ambientales, conforme a las variables: (1) presentación, (2) sustentabilidad y (3) seguridad de una vivienda. Para esto, se recopiló información de 230 empresas constructoras en madera localizadas entre las regiones de Valparaíso y Los Ríos, en Chile Central; proceso en el que destacó la presentación del producto y la seguridad como insumos para aplicar la metodología de cálculo del IISS. Esta integración dio como resultado una clasificación de indicadores técnicos útiles para fomentar la utilización del material madera como opción constructiva que prevalezca o se complemente con otro tipo de materias primas.

Resumo O bairro dos Alagados caracterizou-se como um conjunto de casas e pontes de madeira, as chamadas palafitas, e os moradores dessa comunidade foram submetidos a um processo de realocação, em que foram retirados das palafitas e direcionados a conjuntos habitacionais em locais de terra firme. Esse processo foi iniciado em 1980 e finalizado somente nos anos 2000, revelando sua complexidade. Diante disso, o presente texto objetiva compreender os impactos que essas mudanças socioespaciais representaram na vida desses moradores. Os principais resultados apontaram que, de fato, houve mudança no que tange à qualidade de vida, à dignidade e a aspectos relacionados à estrutura, demonstrando que as políticas de organização urbana são de suma importância para a qualidade geral da vida dos atores sociais. Em contrapartida, para os moradores entrevistados, as políticas públicas findaram-se na realocação, visto que não houve melhoria em outros aspectos da vida, como acesso a outros direitos, como segurança pública, saúde e lazer.

Abstract The neighborhood of Alagados was characterized as a set of houses and wooden bridges, called stilts, and the residents of this community were found in a process of relocation, being removed from stilts and directed to housing complexes in terra firme areas. This process started in 1980 and only ended in the 2000s, revealing its complexity. Therefore, this text aims to understand the acts that these socio-spatial changes represent in the lives of these residents. The main results showed that there was in fact a change not related to quality of life, dignity and related aspects in the structure, demonstrating that urban organization policies are of paramount importance for the general quality of life of social actors. On the other hand, for the residents interviewed, as public policies ended only in relocation, with no improvement in other aspects of life such as access to other rights such as public safety, health and leisure.

Resumo Quando um componente construtivo é selecionado para melhorar o desempenho da edificação ao longo de sua operação, deve-se verificar o seu impacto ao longo de todo o ciclo de vida para assegurar a redução dos impactos ambientais. Dessa forma, o objetivo principal deste trabalho foi selecionar o conjunto de componentes construtivos com menor impacto ambiental para uso em habitações de interesse social em Florianópolis por meio da avaliação do ciclo de vida (ACV). Foi desenvolvida uma ACV utilizando dois tipos de parede e dois de cobertura. Para as paredes, considerou-se o uso de tijolo cerâmico com revestimento e tijolo de adobe com revestimento de argamassa de terra com cal. Para as coberturas foi considerada telha cerâmica com forro de madeira e telha cerâmica com laje maciça de concreto. O método de avaliação de impacto do ciclo de vida (AICV) utilizado foi o IMPACT 2002+. Os resultados obtidos foram comparados com a aplicação do método ReCiPe. Aplicou-se simulação computacional por meio do programa EnergyPlus para calcular o consumo energético anual. O conjunto que apresentou menor consumo energético foi o de parede de tijolo de adobe e cobertura com laje maciça. Os dois métodos utilizados para a fase de AICV apresentaram resultados coerentes para a maioria das categorias de impacto. Com isso, o conjunto de menor impacto ambiental obtido por meio da ACV foi o de parede de tijolo de adobe com cobertura com forro de madeira.

Abstract When a construction component is selected to improve the performance of a building throughout its operation, its impact must be verified throughout the life cycle to ensure the reduction of environmental impacts. Hence, the main objective of this study was to select the set of construction components with the lowest environmental impact to use in affordable housing in Florianópolis, by means of life cycle assessment (LCA). An LCA was developed using two types of walls and two types of roofs. For the walls, ceramic bricks with coating and adobe bricks with lime earth mortar were considered. For the roofs, ceramic tiles with a wooden ceiling and ceramic tiles with a concrete slab were considered. The life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) method used was IMPACT 2002+. The results obtained were compared with the ReCiPe method. Computer simulation was applied through the EnergyPlus programme to calculate the annual energy consumption. The set with the lowest energy consumption was the adobe wall and concrete slab. Both methods used for the LCIA showed consistent results for most impact categories. Hence, the set with the lowest environmental impact obtained through the LCA was the adobe brick wall with a wooden ceiling.

Abstract Meeting passive and active protection requirements in buildings has brought about demands for new systems, materials, equipment, and even design requirements like the access to housing units with doors that have a minimum fire-resistance rating of 30 minutes. For existing buildings, though, it is not always possible to adapt them to current government regulations, and normal low-cost doors usually do not comply with compartmentalization requirements. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the fire resistance of normal wooden doors and low-cost compensatory measures to increase the protection of existing building elements. The lab tests were performed on real-scale wooden door prototypes. Moreover, three protective solutions were tested while added to the doors: (a) fire-rated gypsum boards, (b) cement boards, (c) steel sheet with polyethylene terephthalate felt, in addition to the reference door. It was noted that only the prototype with cement boards managed to resist for 30 minutes. This result evidences the existence of alternative low-cost solutions that can be used in simpler buildings, although some of the usual options may not be able to meet the requirement.

We investigated the South African log resource availability and the potential global warming impact of an increasing wood-based residential building market. We have shown that, with the use of wood resources currently exported as chips, as well as planting trees in areas that have been earmarked for afforestation, a sustainable residential building market, where all constructions are wood-based, is possible. However, in the short term, imports of wooden building components might be necessary if rapid growth in wood-based building occurs. Basic modelling analyses show that if the market share of wood-based buildings increases to 20% of new constructions, the embodied energy and global warming potential of the residential building sector could decrease by 4.9%. If all new constructions were wood based, the total embodied energy and global warming potential of the residential building sector could decrease by up to 30% Significance: •A novel finding of this paper is that sufficient local log resource options exist to realise a sustainable all-wood residential construction market in South Africa. •The likely implications in terms of embodied energy and potential global warming impact of using wood-based materials for residential buildings compared to conventional brick and mortar or reinforced concrete buildings were also analysed and found to be favourable

ABSTRACT Using face-to-face interviews and semi-structured questionnaires with timber housing developers, this study assed the perceptions of respective industries about government stimuli and public policies towards timber construction in Brazil. Four questions were developed under qualitative aspects, which were percentually measured to enable a response comparative. Thereby, 107 of 210 companies were evaluated here. Under statistical view, this sampling revealed a margin of error acceptable and next to the ideal condition. Results suggest that current policies have been apparently restrictive. Timber house producers still are dependant on strategies for whole national segments, whose scope does not promote both local cleaner industries and those focused on sustainable solutions such as from this studied sector. Tax cuts and exemptions for greener products could be an efficient alternative to incentive this production sector, and promote these sustainable timber houses. The creation of assertive public policies could attract more investors and developers to expand this industry and other forest-timber sectors and, consequently, contribute to reduce the housing shortage in Brazil.

Resumen Se analiza la representatividad de las viviendas hechas en madera, en Brasil, indicando el porcentaje de cada técnica cons tructiva según la oferta de las empresas evaluadas. Los porcentajes que evidencian la frecuencia de utilización de las téc nicas de construcción en madera fueron medidos por medio de dos metodologías aplicadas en las empresas: encuesta por entrevistas personales a sus propietarios y búsqueda de datos en sus sitios web. El método de encuestas por entrevistas evaluó 107 empresas brasileñas, y el de búsqueda en los sitios web alcanzó 207 empresas; se consiguió 50,95 y 98,57%, respectivamente, de la población estimada. A pesar de esta diferencia, ambos métodos demostraron un escenario similar. Las entrevistas presentaron mayores costos de aplicación. Las técnicas contemporáneas están disponibles en más del 90% de los productores brasileros. Las casas de tablas horizontales clavadas y las casas de tablas horizontales entre pilares fueron las que tuvieron mayores ofertas.

Abstract This paper analyzes the representativeness of timber housing in Brazil, identifying the percentage of construction techniques offered by each evaluated company. Percentages that evidence the frequency of use of wooden building techniques were measured using two methods applied in the companies: survey through face-to-face interviews with owners and data search on their websites. The survey through interviews evaluated 107 Brazilian companies, while the data search included 207 companies, obtaining 50.95%and 98.57%of the estimated population, respectively. In spite of this difference, both meth ods showed a similar scenario. Interviews evidenced higher application costs. Contemporary techniques are available in more than 90% of Brazilian constructors. Houses with nailed horizontal boards and houses with horizontal wooden boards between columns were offered the most.

Resumo Neste artigo, é analisada a representatividade das moradias feitas em madeira no Brasil por meio da indicação da porcen tagem de cada técnica construtiva segundo a oferta das empresas avaliadas. As porcentagens que evidenciam a freqüência de utilização das técnicas de construção em madeira foram medidas mediante duas metodologias aplicadas nas empresas: entrevistas pessoais a seus proprietários e busca de dados em sites. O método de entrevistas pessoais avaliou 107 empresas brasileiras, e a busca nos sites atingiu 207 empresas; foram alcançados 50,95 e 98,57%, respectivamente, da população estimada. Apesar dessa diferença, ambos os métodos demonstraram um cenário semelhante. As entrevistas apresentaram maiores custos de aplicação. As técnicas contemporâneas estão disponíveis em mais de 90 % dos produtores brasileiros. As casas de tábuas horizontais pregadas e as casas de tábuas horizontais entre pilares foram as que mais tiveram ofertas.

Resumen En construcción de viviendas, las estructuras más eficientes para soportar las cargas provenientes de techumbres corresponden a las cerchas. Cuando se trata de fabricarlas con madera, un punto importante de estas son las uniones. Actualmente se ha introducido la utilización de placas metálicas dentadas para estas uniones, sin embargo, el mercado aún conoce poco de ellas y su posibilidad de utilización en casas. Por lo que, este estudio reporta un primer sondeo cualitativo por medio de una encuesta estratificada por público objetivo, del uso de cerchas de madera con placas metálicas dentadas fabricadas con madera de plantación en Costa Rica. Fue encontrado que el 100 % de los encuestados considera a la madera como un material viable para la construcción, por almacenar dióxido de carbono y ser un recurso renovable. Además, el 90 % de los encuestados, considera que la madera de las plantaciones nacionales es de buena calidad. Sin embargo, sólo un 28 % prefiere la utilización de las cerchas como elemento estructural en techumbres y el 40 % coincide en que el uso de la placa es una buena opción tecnológica. Según este primer sondeo de mercado de la cercha de madera con placa metálica, el 80 % de encuestados estaría dispuesto a adquirirla; dándole un rango de precio entre ¢45 000 a ¢50 000 por cercha.

Abstract In housing construction, the most efficient structures to support the loads coming from roofs correspond to the trusses. When it comes to manufacturing them with wood, an important point of these are the joints. Currently the use of metal plates has been introduced for these unions, however, the market still knows little about them and its possibility of use in wooden houses. Therefore, this study reports a first qualitative survey by means of a survey stratified of the use of wooden trusses with metal plates fabricated with plantation wood in Costa Rica. It was found that 100 % of respondents consider wood as a viable material for construction, for storing carbon dioxide and for being a renewable resource. In addition, most consider that the wood from trees growing in plantations in Costa Rica is of good quality. However, only 28 % prefer the use of trusses as a structural element in roofs and 40 % agree that the use of the metal plate is a good technological option. According to this first market survey of the wooden truss with metal plate, 80 % of respondents would be willing to acquire it; giving it a price rango between ¢ 45 000 to ¢ 50 000 per truss.

ABSTRACT Housing deficit is a problem that affects low-income populations in Brazil, with over 6 million families affected nationwide and approximately 631 thousand in the North region of the country. Ordinance no. 318/2014 of the Brazilian Ministry of Cities authorized the construction of popular housing using timber as raw material in that region. The objective of this study was to establish the unit cost of a wooden dwelling, referenced in the project Popular Wooden Housing (PWH) developed by the Laboratory of Forest Products and the University of Brasília (UNB) for the National Rural Housing Program (NRHP). The Basic Unit Cost (BUC/m2 ) methodology was used, with collection of prices in Rio Branco, capital of the state of Acre, for composition of the Final Unit Cost (FCU/m2) of a wood construction. Mean cost of R$ 934.52/m2 was observed from September 2015 to April 2016. Feasibility of wood construction was demonstrated by a final cost per m2 28.06% lower than that of a conventional masonry house.

The building technique of light wooden framing, i.e., woodframe, represents a great innovative goal of construction, due to the very efficient levels of rationalization of material, operational flexibility and productive agility. In addition, excessive use of natural materials of renewable character in the woodframes, as the wood of planted forests, contributes to sustainability, a desired factor in most modern homes. In recent years, Latin American countries have suffered from the constant housing deficit, which destroys the possibilities of the first property by the neediest populations. Therefore, it is necessary to propagate studies, research and information on industrialized housing construction techniques, such as woodframe. This study focused on the exhibition by a state of the art of this innovative wooden housing typology, emphasizing its advantages, importance, types, and its current panorama in the regions in development stage, such as Latin American countries. Currently, the woodframe is known as a modern wooden residential technique, and it is conquering the public of all kind of economic classes, because of its innovation, lightness, competitive costs, and also by the efficient levels of sustainability, cleanness, assembly time, and rationalization of raw materials.

La técnica de construcción de entramado ligero en madera, i.e., woodframe, representa un gran objetivo innovador, debido a los niveles muy eficientes de racionalización de material, flexibilidad de las operaciones, y agilidad productiva. Además, el uso excesivo de materiales naturales de carácter renovable en los entramados ligeros, como la madera de los bosques plantados, contribuye con la sostenibilidad, un factor deseado en la mayoría de las viviendas modernas. En los últimos años, los países latinoamericanos han sufrido el constante déficit de viviendas, lo que destruye las posibilidades de la primera propiedad de las poblaciones más necesitadas. Por lo tanto, es necesario propagar los estudios, la investigación y la información sobre las técnicas de construcción de viviendas industrializadas, como el entramado ligero en madera. Este estudio se centró en la exposición por un estado del arte de esta innovadora tipología de vivienda en madera, destacando sus ventajas, importancia, tipos y su panorama actual en las regiones en fase de desarrollo, como los países de América Latina. En la actualidad, lo entramado ligero en madera es conocido como una técnica de viviendas en madera moderna, y que está conquistando al público de todas las clases económicas, debido a su innovación, ligereza, costos competitivos, y también por los niveles eficientes de sostenibilidad, limpieza, tiempo de montaje y la racionalización de las materias primas.

INTRODUÇÃO: O presente trabalho teve como objetivo identificar os triatomíneos coletados no intra e peridomicílio, assim como verificar a ocorrência de infecção por Trypanosoma cruzi e correlacionar essas informações às condições habitacionais e à fauna associada na zona rural de Itabaianinha, Sergipe, Brasil. MÉTODOS: Visitas trimestrais foram realizadas entre março de 2009 e março de 2010, e as casas visitadas para a busca ativa de insetos foram determinadas por sorteio. Em cada unidade habitacional, os insetos foram capturados por coleta manual com pinça e lanterna para examinar aberturas e cavidades, com um tempo de coleta de uma hora/casa/indivíduo. O desalojador químico Pirisa® foi utilizado para forçar os insetos a abandonar seus ecótopos. A análise do conteúdo intestinal dos triatomíneos foi realizado no laboratório para estabelecer a presença de tripanosomatídeos. RESULTADOS: Em 103 unidades domiciliares examinadas, 17,5% estavam infestadas por triatomíneos da espécie Panstrongylus megistus. O Povoado Mutuca apresentou a mais elevada taxa de infestação das unidades domiciliares (38,1%). Todos os povoados que apresentaram índices de infestação relevantes estavam localizados na região norte do município. A maior percentagem de infecção desse vetor foi observada no Povoado Água Boa (56,5%). As habitações rurais observadas eram em sua maioria de tijolo ou madeira com as paredes rusticamente rebocadas ou sem reboco, e o anexo frequentemente associado ao triatomíneo foi o galinheiro. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados obtidos ressaltam a necessidade de vigilância e controle vetorial mais abrangentes, bem como de campanhas educativas no contexto do PCDCh.

INTRODUCTION: The present study identified the triatomines collected in intra and peri-domestic environments, observed the occurrence of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in triatomines and correlated this information with housing conditions and the fauna associated with the rural areas of the City of Itabaianinha, located in the State of Sergipe, Brazil. METHODS: Quarterly visits were conducted between March 2009 and March 2010, and the homes to be visited for the active search of insects were determined by random selection. In each housing unit, the insects were collected by a manual search with a metal clip and flashlight to inspect openings and cavities, with a collection time of one hour/home/individual. The Pirisa® dislodge chemical was used to force the insects to leave their ecotopes. Analysis of the intestinal contents of triatomines was performed in the laboratory to establish the presence of Trypanosomatidae. RESULTS: Of the 103 dwellings surveyed, 17.5% were infested with Panstrongylus megistus. The village of Mutuca exhibited the highest infestation rate (38.1%). All the villages with relevant infestation rates were situated in the northern area of the city. The highest percentage of vector infection was found in the village of Água Boa (56.5%). The rural dwellings were found to be primarily brick or wooden house with or without roughcast or plastered walls, and the outbuilding most frequently associated with triatomines was the chicken run. CONCLUSIONS: These results emphasise the need for broader vector control and surveillance and for educational campaigns in the context of the Chagas Disease Control Program.

Apesar de o Governo Federal vir investindo cada vez mais no setor habitacional desde 2004, o déficit habitacional tem aumentado significativamente. Em 2004, foi criado o Programa de Subsídio à Habitação de Interesse Social (PSH), que oferece um "subsídio" máximo de R$ 4.500,00 para construção de novas unidades. O presente trabalho trata da concepção, execução e avaliação do desempenho térmico de um protótipo de habitação em madeira, utilizando o sistema construtivo de painéis portantes de pequenas dimensões fabricados a partir de chapas de compensado e madeira de reflorestamento. Teve-se como objeto de análise um protótipo habitacional construído no município de Canoinhas, estado de Santa Catarina, para atender ao Programa de Subsídio à Habitação de Interesse Social. EsSe estudo foi desenvolvido em três etapas: a) monitoramento da qualidade do processo de construção, considerando a geração de indicadores de desempenho; b) avaliação do desempenho dos requisitos de desempenho térmico, por meio de medições in loco da temperatura ambiente; e c) simulações do desempenho térmico. A partir dessas avaliações, foram apresentadas sugestões de modificações para atendimento dos requisitos de habitabilidade.

Although the Brazilian Federal Government has been improving investments in the housing sector since 2004, the housing deficit has increased significantly. In 2004, a program was created to subsidize low-income social housing (PSH) with a maximum subsidy of about US$ 2,500 for the construction of "do-it-yourself" units. The present research had the general purpose of conceiving, constructing and evaluating the performance of a prototype for building social housing consisting of wood and plywood panels. The object of analysis in this case-study was a building prototype in Canoinhas, located in the State of Santa Catarina, south of Brazil, in order to attend the program for subsidized social housing. The study was developed in three stages: a) evaluating the quality achieved during the building process, b) evaluating the thermal performance of the finished prototype by means of onsite measurements; and c) computer simulations. From the obtained results, general guidelines were drawn for improving indoor comfort conditions.