Resumen: La pandemia por Covid-19 vino a interponer la necesidad de incorporar plataformas digitales en los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje para dar continuidad a la formación académica. A partir de esta realidad, en la Universidad Estatal a Distancia de Costa Rica se optó por una modalidad en línea que ayudara a enfrentar la nueva realidad. Este proceso ha planteado el reto en el profesorado de repensar las estrategias didácticas desde los entornos virtuales de aprendizaje, alineadas con el modelo pedagógico de la universidad y la educación a distancia. Ante esto, se propuso una investigación bajo un enfoque cualitativo y un diseño fenomenológico, para analizar cómo el profesorado de la Cátedra de Desarrollo de la Niñez en Edad Preescolar ha logrado un acercamiento con las metodologías activas en su práctica pedagógica y mediática. Los resultados evidenciaron la existencia de un acercamiento a metodologías activas como el aprendizaje basado en proyectos y en problemas, el estudio de caso y el aprendizaje cooperativo por medio de las estrategias didácticas implementadas en esta cátedra. No obstante, es necesario promover espacios de capacitación relacionados con esta temática con el objetivo de subsanar algunos vacíos en cuanto a la planificación, aplicación y evaluación de estas metodologías en los entornos virtuales de aprendizaje.

Resumo: A pandemia da Covid-19 trouxe a necessidade de incorporar plataformas digitais nos processos de ensino e aprendizagem para dar continuidade à formação acadêmica. Com base nesta realidade, a Universidade Estadual a Distância da Costa Rica optou por uma modalidade online que ajudaria a enfrentar a nova realidade. Esse processo tem colocado o desafio ao professorado de repensar estratégias didáticas a partir de ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem, alinhadas ao modelo pedagógico da universidade e da educação a distância. Diante disso, foi proposta uma investigação sob um enfoque qualitativo e um desenho fenomenológico, para analisar como o professorado da Cátedra de Desenvolvimento Infantil em Idade Pré- escolar têm conseguido uma abordagem com metodologias ativas em sua prática pedagógica e midiática. Os resultados mostraram a existência de uma abordagem a metodologias ativas como a aprendizagem baseada em projetos e em problemas, estudos de caso e aprendizagem cooperativa através das estratégias didáticas implementadas nesta cadeira. No entanto, é necessário promover espaços de formação relacionados com esta temática com o objetivo de corrigir algumas lacunas ao nível do planeamento, aplicação e avaliação destas metodologias em ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem.

Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated the need to incorporate digital platforms into the teaching and learning process in order to guarantee the continuity of academic training. Based on this reality, the Universidad Estatal a Distancia de Costa Rica opted for an online modality to cope with the new situation. This process has been a challenge for the faculty, which has had to rethink teaching strategies in virtual learning environments, in line with the pedagogical model of the university and distance education. In view of this, research with qualitative approach and phenomenological design was proposed to analyze how the faculty of the Chair of Preschool Child Development has managed to incorporate active methodologies in their pedagogical and media practice. The results showed that teachers have approached active methodologies such as project-based and problem-based learning, case studies and cooperative learning through the didactic strategies implemented in this chair. However, it is necessary to promote training spaces related to this topic to fill some gaps in the planning, implementation and evaluation of these methodologies in virtual learning environments.

Resumen: Los profesionales en bibliotecología debieron adaptar la modalidad de teletrabajo o trabajo remoto a las bibliotecas escolares para dar soporte al centro educativo en el aprendizaje del estudiantado. Este estudio se realizó en el año 2020 con profesionales de bibliotecología de las bibliotecas escolares del circuito 04 de la Dirección Regional de Heredia. Con respecto al diseño de la investigación, este se llevó a cabo por medio de la implementación de un cuestionario aplicado en el primer trimestre del 2020, dirigido a profesionales en bibliotecología que ejercen en seis centros educativos que cuentan con existencia de código formal para las bibliotecas del circuito 04, de la Dirección Regional de la provincia de Heredia. Se logró determinar que las plataformas virtuales fueron un aliado para la comunicación directa entre las personas estudiantes, personas docentes y profesionales en bibliotecología, además se logró identificar las diferentes labores realizadas por quienes desempeñaron su trabajo en bibliotecas escolares durante la pandemia. Se identificó que el uso de herramientas tecnológicas para el desarrollo de las actividades realizadas por las bibliotecas escolares constituyó un reto.

Resumo: Os profissionais em biblioteconomia tiveram que adaptar a modalidade de teletrabalho ou trabalho remoto às bibliotecas escolares para apoiar o centro educativo na aprendizagem do estudantado. Este estudo foi realizado em 2020 com profissionais de biblioteconomia das bibliotecas escolares do circuito 04 da Direção Regional de Heredia. A respeito do desenho da investigação, este foi realizado através da aplicação de um questionário aplicado no primeiro trimestre de 2020, dirigido aos profissionais de biblioteconomia que exercem atividade em seis centros educativos que possuem um código formal para bibliotecas do circuito 04, da Direção Regional da província de Heredia. Constatou-se que as plataformas virtuais eram aliadas para a comunicação direta entre as pessoas estudantes, pessoas docentes e profissionais em biblioteconomia, e também foi possível identificar as diferentes tarefas desempenhadas por quem trabalhava nas bibliotecas escolares durante a pandemia. Identificou-se que a utilização de ferramentas tecnológicas para o desenvolvimento das atividades realizadas pelas bibliotecas escolares constituiu um desafio.

Abstract: Librarians had to adapt teleworking to school libraries in order to support the educational center in the learning process of students. This study was carried out in 2020 with librarians of school libraries of Circuit 04 of the Regional Directorate of Heredia. The research design was carried out by means of a questionnaire applied in the first quarter of 2020 to librarians from six educational centers that have a formal code for libraries of Circuit 04 of the Regional Directorate of the province of Heredia. It was found that virtual platforms are fundamental for direct communication between students, teachers and librarians. The different tasks performed by those who worked in school libraries during the pandemic were also identified. The use of technological tools to develop school library activities was a challenge.

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ABSTRACT Objective: This research article addresses the understanding of the resignification of the concept of love from the transformations generated by the pandemic and the confinement by Covid-19 in Medellín (Colombia) between 2020 and2023, making a brief account of the heuristic memory used for the design, collection and analysis of research information, specifying methodological elements on which the process was based and the ways by which it was possible to come up with new findings; Subsequently, some semantic networks generated in the atlas.ti software are presented with their respective analyzesfrom which a session ofresults and conclusions is projected. Materials and methods: Regarding the investigative structure, four moments were developed. In the first one, the ontoepistemological foundation was developed, for which printed and digital scientific bibliographic sources were used, analyzing more than 250 articles in English and Spanish. The second moment was the development and application of semi-structured interviews to key informants. The third moment was the realization of the panel of experts with the adaptation of the Delphi methodology. The fourth, and last moment, was the analysis of the information collected for the consolidation of the products and results of the research through analysis matrices and the atlas.ti software for qualitative data processing. The research was developed in the city of Medellín from January 2021 to May 2023. The key informants were selected through the intentional sampling model, which responded to the criteria that guided the investigative process. Thus, the main inclusion criteria, for the general population, were being of legal age and having been part of an emotional or family relationship during the period of confinement by Covid-19 in the city of Medellín. The key informants were chosen among consultants of the psychology service, in total, 30 interviews were carried out with the general population. On the other hand, four professionals in psychology were selected whose professional work was related to the attention to the previously described population before, during and after the period of confinement. Finally, four experts were selected to carry out the panel, trained in clinical psychology, social work, sociology and sexology. Results: The data collected was processed through the Atlas.ti software, in which 38files corresponding to the transcripts of interviews with the population, interviews with professionals and panel of experts were collected. Likewise, in the processing of information, six main categories were identified in which 32 emerging codes were grouped, supported by 918 citations of the analyzed instruments. As a result of this research, it has been shown that pandemic postmodernity generated changes regarding the meaning of the concept of love, while exacerbating the characteristic elements of postmodernity, such as the relativization of ties. Added to this is a reality that had a direct impact on such ties, such as the confinement caused by the Covid-19 pandemic, which not only affected people's health, but also caused profound transformations in the social fabric, from in particular, in relational dynamics, as it fostered the permanent use of digital and virtual networks given the mandatory nature of social distancing. In this same logic, the research sought a deep reflection on those new scenarios that were arranged by confinement in the context of postmodernity, particularly analyzing the way in which couples and families began to live new relational experiences in affective matters. . In this way, it is understood that love is a dynamic concept that changes according to the social and contextual particularities that, in this case, generated the pandemic. Among the most significant findings of this research, it is found that, in effect, great and profound transformations have been perceived around the meaning of the concept of love, given that the pandemic and confinement were activators of affective conflicts that had not been processed. in other scenarios. The interviewees state that love has been evolving and that a generational gap is beginning to become evident in the way other generations understood and lived love. In this way, family and couple love have taken on new meanings, which go hand in hand with new structural relational models in emotional and affective contacts. In accordance with the above, a large majority of key informants refer that the rise of the media and, particularly, of social networks, have generated profound effects on the concept of love from the perspective of the couple and the family, basing such changes in the amount of time invested in the use of devices and in the relational logics that are established through the different social networks, in which the possibility of meeting hundreds of people is established, having hundreds of close contacts, but, most of the time, without the possibility of generating deep ties. Conclusions: It is concluded that the Covid-19 pandemic exacerbated the use of digital platforms and, consequently, new relational scenarios were consolidated that continue to feed relativism and the link fragility of postmodernity. When carrying out the analysis of the information obtained during the field work, it is possible to recognize some common discourses among the people who participated in the investigation. In this logic, one could speak of interpretations and conceptualizations that have simply begun to be part of the social construct, perhaps as a kind of imaginary in which ideas that become commonplace are simply accepted, which are influenced, or in some cases cases even defined by the massive consumption of content on social networks. Addressing the theme of love was, as anticipated in the onto-epistemological foundation of the research, dealing with a topic in which all people have something to contribute and about which there is always something to say. Added to this approach is the issue of the pandemic, another reality about which all human beings of the present time have something to say, as it is a recent event that affected the lives of all people. Both realities, love and the pandemic, run the risk of falling into subjectivity, taking into account that they end up being personal experiences that may be far from constructions based on an epistemological reflection and of which it can be said that emotions, sensations andfeelings prevail feelings when trying to talk about them.

Resumen: El presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la experiencia de aprendizaje implementada en una plataforma de experiencias de aprendizaje en los procesos de capacitación continua de personas incorporadas al Colegio de Profesionales de Orientación, desde el enfoque de aprendizaje activo. Se utilizó una metodología sociocrítica y un diseño de investigación-acción participativa en un grupo de 13 personas colegiadas. Además, se llevó a cabo un diseño tecnopedagógico a través de sus etapas de diagnóstico, diseño, implementación y evaluaciónde la experiencia; el cual se desarrolla por medio de un curso incorporado a la oferta del Programa de Desarrollo Profesional, que fortalece el tema en atención socioemocional en entornos educativos. Los resultados muestran que, por medio de la plataforma Perusall®, se alcanza a integrar características del enfoque de aprendizaje activo. Entre las conclusiones, destacan la necesidad de elaborar propuestas centradas en los ambientes personalizados de aprendizaje; se encuentra que la plataforma de experiencias de aprendizaje (LXP) es una herramienta innovadora en el ámbito pedagógico e integradora de tecnologías recientes, así como que el diseño de conocimiento técnico pedagógico del contenido (TPACK) favorece una planificación estratégica y ágil en la elaboración de propuestas didácticas. Así mismo, se identifican características deseables para futuros procesos de capacitación a partir del enfoque propuesto, como mayores espacios sociocolaborativos, vinculación teórico- práctica con ambientes laborales y profundización del pensamiento crítico.

Resumo: O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a experiência de aprendizagem implementada em uma Plataforma de Experiências de Aprendizagem nos processos de formação continuada de pessoas incorporadas ao Colégio de Profissionais de Orientação, a partir do enfoque de aprendizagem ativa. Uma metodologia sócio-crítica e um design de investigação-ação participativa foram utilizados em um grupo de 13 colegiados. Foi realizado um design técnico-pedagógico através de suas etapas de diagnóstico, design, implementação e avaliação da expe- riência, é desenvolvido através de um curso incorporado à oferta do Programa de Desenvolvimento Profissional, que fortalece o tema na atenção socioemocional em ambientes educativos. Os resultados mostram que através da plataforma Perusall® são integradas características do enfoque de aprendizagem ativa. Dentre as conclusões, destacase a necessidade de desenvolver propostas focadas em ambientes de aprendizagem personalizados, verificando-se que a Plataforma de Experiências de Aprendizagem (LXP) é uma ferramenta inovadora no campo pedagógico e integradora de tecnologias recentes, bem como que o design de Conhecimento Técnico Pedagógico do Conteúdo (TPACK) favorece o planejamento estratégico e ágil no desenvolvimento de propostas didáticas, são identificadas características desejáveis para futuros processos de capacitação a partir do enfoque proposto como maiores espaços sócio-colaborativos, articulação teórico-prática com ambientes de trabalho e aprofundamento do pensamento crítico .

Abstract: This article analyzes the learning experience through the use of a learning experience platform for continuous training processes among members of the Association of Orientation Professionals. The study was conducted with 13 members of the association using a socio-critical methodology and a participatory re- search design. A technopedagogical design was elaborated based on the diagnostic, design, implementation and evaluation phases of the experience, and was developed through a course incorporated in the Professional Development Program that strengthens socioemotional attention in educational environments. The results show that the Perusall® platform is able to integrate characteristics of the active learning approach. The conclusions highlight the need to develop proposals focused on personalized learning environments, and the Learning Experiences Platform (LXP) is an innovative pedagogical tool that combines recent technologies. The design of Technical Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) favors strategic and agile planning in the elaboration of didactic proposals and identifies desirable characteristics for future training processes based on the proposed approach, such as greater socio-collaborative spaces, theoretical-practical link with work environments and deepening of critical thinking.

ABSTRACT This work aims to investigate the discourses materialized in signs in Brazilian Sign Language used to designate white people and black people. We inscribed this research in Dialogical Discourse Analysis studies. As a methodological approach, we searched for the aforementioned signs on four virtual platforms: Google, Youtube, Signbank and National Institute of Education for the Deaf (Ines) Libras Dictionary. As results, it was possible to identify that, in the signs of white people, values circulate that place them as a dominant and socially valued ethnic group, while the signs to designate black people integrate the oppressive logic of racism, constructing them as a subordinate social group. studies approach platforms Google Youtube Ines (Ines Dictionary results group racism

RESUMO Este trabalho objetiva investigar os discursos materializados nos sinais em Libras utilizados para designar pessoas brancas e pessoas negras. Inscrevemos esta pesquisa nos estudos da Análise Dialógica do Discurso. Enquanto recorte metodológico, realizamos a busca dos sinais mencionados em quatro plataformas virtuais: Google, Youtube, Signbank e Dicionário de Libras do Instituto Nacional de Educação de Surdos (Ines). Como resultados, foi possível identificar que, nos sinais de pessoa branca, circulam valores que as colocam enquanto grupo étnico dominante e socialmente valorados, ao passo que os sinais para designar pessoas negras integram a lógica opressora do racismo, construindo-as enquanto grupo social subalterno. Discurso metodológico virtuais Google Youtube Ines. Ines . (Ines) resultados branca valorados racismo construindoas construindo subalterno (Ines

The pervasiveness of various social media platforms and its use among young people have strengthened collaborative learning across different contexts. With this study I explored the integration of WhatsApp by business studies teachers to promote collaboration among learners. This qualitative study is located within an interpretive paradigm and framed on social constructivism theory. Six business studies teachers were purposively selected from 6 secondary schools located in Mkhanyakude district in the KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa. Data were collected through individual semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis was employed to analyse the data. I found that WhatsApp is important in promoting collaborative learning among learners and that integrating WhatsApp in business studies instructional practices facilitates networking among learners. However, it appeared that collaboration among learners was mainly restricted to online and afterschool hours. I therefore recommend that business studies teachers ensure that the same level of collaboration among learners on WhatsApp also occurs in business studies classrooms. This may be achieved by incorporating educational material used during WhatsApp-based instruction in their lessons for learners to see the value of virtual and physical collaborating with their peers.

SUMMARY: The denomination of the "ulna" bone as "cubitus" bone is an error in terminology still observed in anatomy study texts and Chilean school textbooks, even though the term ulna was established as the official term in the 20th century. This problem is a reflection of the slow progressive change in academic communities and the population in general, through the traditional transfer of knowledge. Scientific dissemination allows for accelerating such a process, and in recent years, it has been enhanced through social networks and virtual platforms such as TikTok. Few studies relate the use of TikTok with anatomical learning. This research describes school students' perception of an informative video on correctly using the term "ulna." It analyzes the possible scope as a complementary activity to anatomical teaching for the school community and society. A TikTok video was developed and published four months before showing it to 17 11th-grade students from Viña del Mar, and then they were asked to complete a perception survey. In addition, statistical data provided by the TikTok platform itself was recorded. The results revealed a favorable reception of the informative content among the participating students, with a high percentage expressing total or partial agreement in all the statements evaluated (up to 82.4 %). The metrics delivered by the platform show an international reach, the main viewers being people from Chile (35.5 %), Mexico (25.3 %), and Colombia (7.2 %). Among the aspects mentioned by the students that need improvement, are the quality of visual editing and the fluency of the explanation. Given the positive perception obtained from the video, we consider that using these complementary tools can improve human anatomy's teaching and learning processes and broaden our practices' impact on the educational community and society.

RESUMEN: La denominación del hueso "ulna" como hueso "cúbito" es un error de terminología aún observado en textos de estudio de anatomía y en textos escolares chilenos, pese a que desde el siglo XX se ha establecido el término ulna como el oficial. Esto refleja la lentitud del proceso de cambio en las comunidades académicas y en la población general mediante la transmisión tradicional de conocimientos. La divulgación científica permite acelerar dicho proceso, y en los últimos años se ha potenciado por medio de redes sociales y plataformas virtuales como TikTok. Existen pocos estudios que relacionan el uso de TikTok con el aprendizaje anatómico. Esta investigación describe la percepción de estudiantes escolares frente a un vídeo divulgativo sobre el correcto uso del término "ulna" y analiza los posibles alcances como actividad complementaria de la enseñanza anatómica hacia la comunidad escolar y la sociedad. Se desarrolló un vídeo de TikTok publicado 4 meses antes de mostrarlo a 17 estudiantes de 3° de enseñanza secundaria, y luego se les solicitó completar una encuesta de percepción. Además, se registraron datos estadísticos entregados por la misma plataforma. Los resultados obtenidos revelan una favorable acogida del contenido divulgativo entre los estudiantes participantes, con un alto porcentaje expresando acuerdo total o parcial en todas las afirmaciones evaluadas (hasta un 82,4 %). Las métricas entregadas por la plataforma demuestran un alcance internacional, siendo los principales espectadores personas de Chile (35,5 %), México (25,3 %) y Colombia (7,2 %). Entre los aspectos a mejorar mencionados por los estudiantes está la calidad de edición visual y la fluidez de la explicación. Dada la positiva percepción obtenida frente al vídeo, consideramos que usar estas herramientas complementarias puede mejorar los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje de la anatomía humana y ampliar el impacto de nuestras prácticas en la comunidad educativa y la sociedad.

Resumen La pandemia de COVID-19 transformó la educación, impulsando la adaptación de estudiantes y docentes a plataformas digitales para conllevar el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje a distancia. Este estudio se propuso analizar la relación entre el aprendizaje autorregulado en entornos virtuales y el logro de competencias en inglés en estudiantes de segundo grado de secundaria de la Institución Educativa Emblemática “Tawantinsuyo” en Desaguadero, Puno - Perú. Con un enfoque cuantitativo y un diseño no experimental de tipo descriptivo-correlacional, se incluyó una muestra de 115 estudiantes de entre 13 y 14 años. Para la recolección de datos, se aplicaron la Escala de Aprendizaje Autorregulado en Contextos Virtuales y el Acta de Notas del año académico 2021. Los datos fueron procesados mediante análisis descriptivo, Chi-cuadrado y el coeficiente de correlación Rho de Spearman. Los resultados evidencian que el 54.8% de los estudiantes muestra un nivel moderado de aprendizaje autorregulado y el 60% logra el nivel de competencia esperado en inglés. Aunque la correlación de Spearman mostró una correlación positiva débil y significativa, especialmente en escritura (r = 0.231, p = 0.013), el análisis de chi-cuadrado no mostró una asociación estadísticamente significativa. En conclusión, si bien los estudiantes con un mejor aprendizaje autorregulado en entornos virtuales tienden a tener un mejor desempeño en inglés, otros factores podrían estar asociados a su logro académico.

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic transformed education, driving students and teachers to adapt to digital platforms to facilitate the process of remote teaching and learning. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between self-regulated learning in virtual environments and the achievement of English competencies among second-grade secondary students at the "Tawantinsuyo" Emblematic Educational Institution in Desaguadero, Puno, Peru. Using a quantitative approach and a non-experimental descriptive-correlational design, the study included a sample of 115 students aged 13 to 14. For data collection, the Self-Regulated Learning Scale in Virtual Contexts and the Academic Year 2021 Report Card were administered. The data were processed through descriptive analysis, Chi-square tests, and the Spearman Rho correlation coefficient. The results indicated that 54.8% of students showed a moderate level of self-regulated learning, and 60% achieved the expected level of proficiency in English. Although the Spearman correlation revealed a weak but significant positive correlation, especially in writing (r = 0.231, p = 0.013), the Chi-square analysis did not show a statistically significant association. In conclusion, while students with better self-regulated learning in virtual environments tend to perform better in English, other factors may also be associated with their academic achievement.

The COVID-19 outbreak has changed pedagogical choices in the teaching of English. Social media has become one of the alternatives in mediating and assisting virtual teaching and learning. With the study reported on here we aimed to investigate the use of social media in the teaching of English during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesian schools. In this exploratory study we employed a 40-item questionnaire focusing on the types of social media used, skills taught, problems encountered, and how these were managed. The respondents were 158 English teachers from 34 provinces in Indonesia. The data were analysed quantitatively and qualitatively to generate interactive and comprehensive data. From the study it became clear that the most frequently used social media platforms in Indonesia were WhatsApp, YouTube, and Instagram. The combination of social media was found to be a suitable platform to employ for acquiring all English skills. Reasons for the use of social media range from practicality to teachers' familiarity. Teachers' teaching experience tended to influence the reasons why social media were used. The results of our study reveal that the internet networks, learners' readiness as well as parents' support were challenges encountered by learners. To solve these problems, teachers implemented some alternative social media platforms and communicated with parents to enhance English teaching during the pandemic.

ABSTRACT This article keeps in mind the application of the discriminating against analysis in the educational environment in confinamiento time for Covid19, focused in evaluating the factors that influenced in the process of the students' of the Agrarian University of Ecuador (UAE) virtual learning. He/she was carried out the rising of data by means of surveys directed to students of the Ability of Agricultural Economy in their different headquarters. The students were classified in two groups of interest, those with level of low learning and those with level of high learning, the obtained data were analyzed under the supposition of normality multivalente of the discriminadores. The results showed significant differences among the variance-covariance wombs, evidencing that the learning levels possess atypical patterns of variability to each other. Also, it was evidenced that the registered variable Semester (S) and Relationship educational-student (RDE) presents high dispersion among the groups, while the variables that possess a relatively smaller dispersion are Knowledge of virtual (CUP) platforms and Preference to the virtual (MV) modality. The discriminating against obtained function justifies in its entirety the variance in the original data, demonstrating to be of help in the process of the new students' classification being able to predict its learning level.

RESUMEN Este artículo tiene en cuenta la aplicación del análisis discriminante en el ámbito educativo en época de confinamiento por el Covid19, enfocado en evaluar los factores que influyeron en el proceso de aprendizaje virtual de los estudiantes de la Universidad Agraria del Ecuador (UAE). Se realizó el levantamiento de datos mediante encuestas dirigidas a estudiantes de la Facultad de Economía Agrícola en sus diferentes sedes. Los estudiantes fueron clasificados en dos grupos de interés, aquellos con nivel de aprendizaje bajo y aquellos con nivel de aprendizaje alto, los datos obtenidos se analizaron bajo la suposición de normalidad multivalente de los discriminadores. Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas entre las matrices de varianza-covarianza, evidenciando que los niveles de aprendizaje poseen patrones de variabilidad atípicos entre sí. Asimismo, se evidenció que las variables Semestre matriculado (S) y Relación docente-estudiante (RDE) presentan alta dispersión entre los grupos, mientras las variables que poseen una dispersión relativamente menor son Conocimiento de plataformas virtuales (CUP) y Preferencia a la modalidad virtual (MV). La función discriminante obtenida justifica en su totalidad la varianza en los datos originales, demostrando ser de ayuda en el proceso de clasificación de los nuevos estudiantes pudiendo predecir su nivel de aprendizaje.

Resumen . El sector de servicio doméstico en Argentina es una actividad importante para una gran cantidad de mujeres trabajadoras; y es un sector feminizado, estrechamente ligado a los cuidados y sumamente heterogéneo, por las múltiples actividades que lo comprenden, sus modalidades y su jornada laboral. Este oficio ejercido “puertas adentro” tiene en su génesis dificultades para la sindicalización y la organización colectiva. Así, el objetivo de este artículo es analizar las experiencias de organización y participación colectiva, sostenidas a través de la mediación digital por las trabajadoras domésticas remuneradas. Se propone indagar etnográficamente en dos organizaciones del Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires mediadas por tecnologías digitales: un pequeño sindicato tradicional que convocaba asambleas virtuales a través de Facebook y un grupo de WhatsApp de trabajadoras no sindicalizadas; el hilo en común es que el acercamiento y la participación fue posible gracias al uso de plataformas sociodigitales. A partir de la observación participante en estos espacios, se exploran interrogantes varios: ¿cómo experimentan las trabajadoras la participación en espacios colectivos mediados por tecnologías digitales?, ¿qué alcances y limitaciones tiene el uso de las plataformas en su vida cotidiana y en los espacios de participación gremial?, ¿qué otras formas de participación político-sindical existen en los intersticios virtuales? La creación de redes político-sindicales tiene un gran potencial ya que estas pueden modificar las condiciones materiales de las trabajadoras y la defensa de sus derechos laborales, y también son espacios donde se da un proceso de reconocimiento y autovaloración que modifica la forma de concebirse a sí mismas y a sus compañeras en tanto colectivo de trabajo.

Abstract. The domestic service sector in Argentina is significant for many women workers. It is a highly feminized sector, closely tied to caregiving, and extremely diverse due to the variety of tasks, work modalities, and hours involved. Performed behind “closed doors”, this profession inherently faces challenges in unionization and collective organization. This article analyzes the experiences of organization and collective participation sustained through digital mediation by paid domestic workers. The study ethnographically examines two organizations in the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires mediated by digital technologies: a small traditional union holding online assemblies via Facebook and a non-unionized workers’ WhatsApp group. The common thread is that engagement and participation were made possible through the use of socio-digital platforms. Several questions are explored through participant observation in these spaces: How do workers experience participation in collective spaces mediated by digital technologies? What are the scope and limitations of using these platforms in their daily lives and union participation? What other forms of political-union participation exist in virtual interstices? The creation of political-union networks has great potential as they can alter workers’ material conditions and defend their labor rights. They can also serve as spaces for recognition and self-valuation that transform how workers perceive themselves and their fellow workers as a collective.

Resumo. O setor de serviços domésticos na Argentina é uma atividade importante para muitas trabalhadoras; trata-se de um setor feminizado, estreitamente vinculado ao cuidado e extremamente heterogêneo, devido às múltiplas atividades que o compõem, suas modalidades e suas jornadas de trabalho. Essa profissão “voltada para dentro” tem em sua gênese as dificuldades em termos de sindicalização e organização coletiva. Assim, o objetivo deste artigo é analisar as experiências de organização e participação coletiva, sustentadas pela mediação digital das trabalhadoras domésticas remuneradas. Propõe-se investigar etnograficamente duas organizações na Região Metropolitana de Buenos Aires mediadas por tecnologias digitais: um pequeno sindicato tradicional que convocou assembleias virtuais por meio do Facebook e um grupo de WhatsApp de trabalhadoras não sindicalizadas; o traço comum é que a aproximação e a participação foram possíveis graças ao uso de plataformas sociodigitais. Com base na observação participante nesses espaços, são exploradas várias questões: como as trabalhadoras vivenciam a participação em espaços coletivos mediados por tecnologias digitais? Quais são os alcances e as limitações do uso dessas plataformas em sua vida cotidiana e nos espaços de participação sindical? Que outras formas de participação político-sindical existem nos interstícios virtuais? A criação de redes político-sindicais tem um grande potencial, pois pode modificar as condições materiais das trabalhadoras e a defesa de seus direitos trabalhistas, além de serem espaços onde há um processo de reconhecimento e autovalorização que modifica a forma como elas concebem a si mesmas e suas colegas como um coletivo de trabalho.

Abstract University websites are pivotal platforms to inform about the activities of the institution across all its spheres. With the enactment of Law 21,369, which regulates gender inclusion and addresses gender-based violence in universities, the question arises regarding the integration of these matters on such websites. Drawing on Sara Ahmed‘s theoretical work on the use of gender in universities, this study investigates the use of gender websites within gender equity offices across the 10 universities in the Valparaíso region. Each university’s access to the gender equity office‘s website, its usability, the available resources, and the means for reporting incidents are examined. The findings reveal that, while all universities have dedicated websites addressing gender issues and the handling of gender-based violence, there is significant disparity in available information, accessibility challenges, and information regarding reporting an abuse and its processing. It is concluded that universities’ websites should be considerably improved in order to facilitate access to relevant information on gender-based violence for students and academics on gender violence.

Resumen Los sitios web de las universidades son medios privilegiados para informar sobre el quehacer de la institución en todos sus ámbitos. En el contexto de la implementación de la Ley 21.369, que regula la incorporación del género y el manejo de la violencia de género en las universidades, surge la pregunta acerca de qué ha sido de la integración de esta materia en dichos sitios. A partir de los trabajos teóricos de Sara Ahmed acerca del uso del género en las universidades, este estudio investiga el uso de las páginas web de género en las unidades de género de las 10 universidades de la Región de Valparaíso. En cada universidad se examina el acceso a la página web de la unidad de género, su usabilidad, los recursos disponibles y los medios a través de los cuales se hacen las denuncias. Los resultados muestran que todas las universidades cuentan con sitios dedicados a temas de género y procesamiento de la violencia de género, pero con disparidad en la información disponible, dificultades de acceso e información sobre la denuncia y su procesamiento. Se concluye su bajo aporte en informar y orientar la acción de personas interesadas en género, violencia de género y su denuncia, subutilizando -o usando mal, al decir de Ahmed- este recurso virtual que es clave en las actuales sociedades altamente informatizadas.

ABSTRACT Rubrics are essential tools for an objective evaluation, promote autonomous and reflective learning, key in the development of competencies. The objective of the review was to analyze the scientific literature on the use of rubrics to assess students through virtual educational platforms at different levels and careers in educational institutions and their impact on the teaching and learning process in the period 2018-2022. A systematic review was conducted under PRISMA guidelines. Databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO and Science Direct were consulted, initially identifying 127 articles. Using strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, focusing on relevance, methodological quality and timeliness, 19 articles were selected for detailed analysis. The results showed a significant increase in research on rubrics at different educational levels and a growing interest in their use as formative assessment tools. It was concluded that rubrics are fundamental for a dynamic, active and directed interaction in the educational process, promoting autonomous and reflective learning that contributed to the development of competencies. The review provides a comprehensive understanding of the current status and effectiveness of rubrics in virtual education.

RESUMEN Las rúbricas, herramientas esenciales para una evaluación objetiva, impulsan un aprendizaje autónomo y reflexivo, clave en el desarrollo de competencias. El objetivo de la revisión efectuada fue analizar la literatura científica sobre el uso de rúbricas para evaluar a los estudiantes a través de plataformas educativas virtuales en los diferentes niveles y carreras en las instituciones educativas en el período 2018-2022. Se realizó una revisión sistemática bajo las directrices PRISMA. Se consultaron bases de datos como Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO y Science Direct, identificando inicialmente 127 artículos. Mediante criterios estrictos de inclusión y exclusión, centrados en la relevancia, calidad metodológica y actualidad, se seleccionaron 19 artículos para un análisis detallado. Los resultados mostraron un aumento significativo en la investigación sobre rúbricas en diferentes niveles educativos y un interés creciente en su uso como herramientas de evaluación formativa. Se concluyó que las rúbricas son fundamentales para una interacción dinámica, activa y dirigida en el proceso educativo, al promover un aprendizaje autónomo y reflexivo que contribuyó al desarrollo de competencias. La revisión proporciona una comprensión integral del estado actual y la efectividad de las rúbricas en la educación virtual.

Resumen El objetivo de la investigación es analizar la contribución de la plataforma digital Wattpad en el incremento de hábitos de lectura en sus usuarios. Para alcanzar una comprensión profunda de este fenómeno, se adoptó una metodología cualitativa de tipo básica, con un diseño de enfoque fenomenológico-hermenéutico. La plataforma Wattpad sirvió como nuestro escenario de estudio. Se seleccionaron dos grupos de participantes: uno de 12 mujeres jóvenes, con edades comprendidas entre los 15 y los 24 años, que activamente leen en Wattpad, y otro formado por 6 expertos en plataformas digitales y fomento de la lectura. Ambos grupos son originarios de la ciudad de Trujillo, en Perú. Este estudio se articuló en torno a una categoría principal, dividida en tres subcategorías, cada una de las cuales se exploró mediante dos indicadores. Los datos se recopilaron mediante entrevistas, guiadas por un protocolo de entrevista predefinido. Posteriormente, se analizaron los datos mediante el método de análisis del discurso. Los resultados obtenidos de las entrevistas permitieron afirmar que el uso de Wattpad contribuye de manera significativa a la promoción y fortalecimiento de los hábitos de lectura entre sus usuarios. Los factores que contribuyen a esta afirmación incluyen las características distintivas de Wattpad, como su facilidad para interconectar a los usuarios, la creación de comunidades virtuales y el fomento de la inteligencia colectiva. Con base en los hallazgos, se recomienda incentivar especialmente el uso de Wattpad entre jóvenes y potenciar sus características de interconexión y creación de comunidades, además de implementar herramientas que fomenten la inteligencia colectiva.

Abstract The research focuses on a detailed analysis of how the digital platform Wattpad fosters and strengthens reading habits among its users. To achieve a deep understanding of this phenomenon, the investigators employed a basic qualitative methodology with a phenomenological-hermeneutic design approach. Moreover, while Wattpad consisted of the study setting, the participants were two different groups. The first one included 12 young women, between the ages of 15 and 24, who actively read on Wattpad; the second was made up of 6 experts in digital platforms and reading promotion. Both groups were originally from the city of Trujillo, Peru. Likewise, this study was articulated around a main category, divided into three subcategories, each of which was explored through two indicators. Regarding data collection, the researchers used interviews guided by a predefined protocol to later analyze the information by using the discourse analysis method. Thus, the results of the interviews confirmed that the use of Wattpad contributes significantly to the promotion and strengthening of reading habits among its users. Factors that contribute to this claim include Wattpad's distinctive features such as its ease of connecting users, the creation of virtual communities, and the fostering of collective intelligence. Therefore, the investigators recommend encouraging the use of Wattpad among young people and enhancing its interconnection and community creation characteristics, as well as implementing tools that foster collective intelligence.

Resumen El desarrollo de nuevas tecnologías ha posibilitado la digitalización de numerosas transacciones comerciales. Dichas operaciones se pueden realizar a través de plataformas de comercio electrónico, en las que se puede satisfacer el precio del servicio mediante monedas virtuales. Además, en estos supuestos surge la dificultad de identificar a las partes intervinientes salvo que intervenga un registro público. Esta circunstancia se agrava por la diversidad de negocios jurídicos que se pueden realizar a través de dichas plataformas. Dado que, estas se limitan a poner en contacto a ambas partes y la transacción se realiza a través de la red digital. A pesar de todo ello existe una normativa muy escasa a nivel internacional. El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo determinar si las regulaciones normativas vigentes, en especial la tributaria, se adecuan a la nueva realidad de las transacciones comerciales digitales. El método de investigación empleado se compone de tres fases: En la primera se analizan los instrumentos digitales de pago, así como, las distintas operaciones económicas que lo sustentan. En la segunda fase se estudia la regulación general sobre los medios de pago digitales. La tercera y última fase analiza la normativa tributaria sobre los aspectos referidos anteriormente. Una vez realizada esta investigación, nos encontraremos en disposición de formular una serie de conclusiones sobre la cuestión formulada a la que se incorporaran una serie de propuestas aplicables a la normativa sobre transacciones digitales.

Abstract New digital technologies allow new commercial transactions. Many operations can be performed through e-commerce platforms. Virtual currencies serve as a means of payment for this type of service. In these cases, the difficulty arises of identifying the participants in the transaction unless a public registry intervenes. This circumstance is aggravated by the diversity of legal busineses, because digital platforms only put both parties in contact. This paper investigates general regulations and tax regulations in digital commercial transactions. First, this paper studies the digital payment instruments used and the different economic operations. Secondly, this paper analyzes the general regulation referring to digital means of payment is examined. Thirdly, this paper studies the tax regulations on the aspects referred to above are studied. Finally, this paper contains a series of proposals applicable to the regulations on commercial transactions and new digital technologies.