In the present article, the scientific journey that led to the development of the Nernst equation, a cornerstone in modern electrochemistry, is discussed. The paper not only explores historical achievements but also traces the evolution of scientific ideas and highlights the key figures who laid the conceptual and experimental groundwork for the seminal contributions of Nernst to the understanding of electrochemical systems. In this exploration, particular attention is paid to the examination of the first three articles published by Nernst between 1888 and 1889. These essential works marked the inception of the engagement of Nernst with the Leipzig Physical Chemistry circle, comprising the distinguished quartet: van’t Hoff, Arrhenius, Ostwald, and Nernst himself. Furthermore, the present study examines the intricate relationship between the Nernst equation and the four basic laws of Thermodynamics, all in an approach accessible to undergraduate students. A concise review elucidates the interpretation and significance of these foundational thermodynamic principles and explain how they hold the formulation of the Nernst equation. article electrochemistry discussed systems exploration 188 1889 circle quartet vant van t Hoff Arrhenius Ostwald himself Furthermore Thermodynamics students 18 1

Abstract Construction projects are highly complex systems that recurrently present discrepancies between work-as-imagined and work-as-done. Digital technologies, such as photogrammetry using UAVs (drones), are promising support tools to cope with this problem. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the procedures for developing and assessing the quality of a 3D model generated through photogrammetry from images captured by a drone, comparing it to the as-designed BIM model. Thus, a case study was carried out in a residential low-income housing construction project in Camaçari, Brazil. Compared to the as-designed BIM 3D model, the photogrammetric model presented an average dimensional deviation of -1.68%. The model also presented issues such as occlusions and deformations. The study highlights that both this deviation and the quality of the photogrammetric model can be significantly influenced by the data collection method (e.g., quantity and resolution of photos). The study's primary contribution lies in presenting the potential of UAV usage for image capture in photogrammetry model generation. workasimagined work imagined workasdone. workasdone done. done work-as-done technologies drones, drones , (drones) problem Therefore D drone asdesigned designed Thus lowincome low income Camaçari Brazil 1.68%. 168 1 68 -1.68% deformations e.g., eg e g (e.g. photos. photos . photos) studys s generation (drones 1.68% 16 6 -1.68 e.g. (e.g 1.68 -1.6 e.g 1.6 -1. 1. -1 -

Resumo Projetos de construção são sistemas altamente complexos que apresentam recorrentemente discrepâncias entre o trabalho planejado e o trabalho realizado. Tecnologias digitais, como a fotogrametria com VANTs (drones), são ferramentas de suporte promissoras nesse contexto. Assim, este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar os procedimentos de desenvolvimento e qualidade de um modelo 3D gerado por fotogrametria através de imagens capturadas por drone, comparando-o ao modelo as-designed BIM. Para isso, realizou-se um estudo de caso em uma habitação de interesse social localizada em Camaçari-BA. Comparado ao modelo BIM projetado, o modelo fotogramétrico apresentou um desvio dimensional médio de -1,68%. O modelo também apresentou inconsistências como oclusões e deformações. O estudo mostra que tanto esse desvio como a qualidade do modelo fotogramétrico obtido podem ser consideravelmente influenciados pela forma de coleta dos dados (ex. baixa quantidade e resolução das fotos). A principal contribuição do estudo é apresentar o potencial do uso do VANT para captura de imagens para geração de um modelo de fotogrametria. realizado digitais drones, drones , (drones) contexto Assim D drone comparandoo comparando asdesigned as designed isso realizouse realizou se CamaçariBA. CamaçariBA Camaçari BA. BA Camaçari-BA projetado 1,68%. 168 1 68 -1,68% deformações ex. ex (ex fotos. fotos . fotos) (drones 1,68% 16 6 -1,68 1,68 -1,6 1,6 -1, 1, -1 -

Abstract Introduction Carbon storage studies in arid and semi-arid zones are limited. The use of UAVs (unmanned aerial vehicles) has made it easier to monitor areas of interest, which is difficult with more costly techniques. Objective The aim of this study is to develop predictive models, using aerial images, to estimate aboveground carbon biomass (ABCS) in subtropical shrub species of Sonora. Materials and methods ABCS of tree species (>2 m in height) was estimated using field-collected metrics and allometric equations. Remote vegetation metrics (camera mounted on UAV) were obtained using both manual methods (digitization) and automated methods (ForestTools algorithm). Non-parametric tests (Wilcoxon) were conducted to determine differences between field metrics and aerial image metrics. These were used to construct predictive models of individual-level ABCS. Results and discussion The Wilcoxon test indicated that the maximum crown height estimated in the field and with both approaches is similar (P > 0.05), while crown area and crown volume in situ showed no significant differences (P > 0.05) with the manual approach but shows significant differences with the automated approach (P < 0.05). The predictive models of aboveground carbon biomass (ABCS) with remote approaches were statistically significant (P < 0.001). This suggests that carbon estimation using images can explain the variability of the reference method at the individual level. Conclusion Aerial imagery is a viable and practical tool for estimating ABCS of trees and shrubs in arid/semiarid communities.

Resumen Introducción Los estudios de almacenamiento de carbono en zonas áridas y semiáridas son escasos. El uso de VANT (vehículos aéreos no tripulados) ha facilitado el monitoreo de zonas de interés, lo cual es difícil con técnicas que implican un costo mayor. Objetivo Desarrollar modelos predictivos, mediante el uso de imágenes aéreas, para la estimación de almacén de carbono en biomasa aérea (ACBA) en especies de matorral subtropical de Sonora. Materiales y métodos Se estimó el ACBA de especies leñosas (>2 m de altura) con métricas recabadas en campo y ecuaciones alométricas. Las métricas de vegetación remotas (cámara montada en VANT) se obtuvieron acorde con los métodos manual (digitalización) y automatizado (algoritmo ForestTools). Se hicieron pruebas no paramétricas (Wilcoxon) para determinar diferencias entre las métricas de campo y de imágenes aéreas. Estas se utilizaron para la construcción de modelos predictivos del ACBA a nivel individuo. Resultados y discusión La prueba de Wilcoxon indicó que la altura máxima de copa estimada en campo y con ambas aproximaciones es similar (P > 0.05), mientras que el área de copa y volumen de copa in situ no presentan diferencia significativa (P > 0.05) con la aproximación manual, pero sí con la automatizada (P < 0.05). Los modelos predictivos de ACBA con aproximaciones remotas fueron estadísticamente significativos (P < 0.001). Esto sugiere que la estimación de carbono con imágenes es capaz de explicar la variabilidad del método de referencia a nivel individuo. Conclusión Las imágenes aéreas constituyen una herramienta viable y práctica para la estimación de ACBA de árboles y arbustos en comunidades áridas/semiáridas.

Abstract In recent years, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have presented a variety of applications. Recent studies show their advantages when quantifying areas for storm runoff estimation. However, there are uncertainties about their actual range. Therefore, the objective of this study was to estimate the volume of rainfall captured by roofs using UAVs. The methodology consisted of selecting a study area composed of a variety of canopies, in which the areas were digitally measured, the latter by processing images captured by UAV. For the calculation of runoff volume, the average monthly precipitation data of the last 11 years were taken, and the Runoff Coefficients (Ce) reported in the literature were considered. Then, the mean monthly runoff volume was calculated for each canopy. The results show that the roofs studied (Coliseum - Library) have the capacity to capture an annual volume of 2237.75 m3. With an average volume of 406.74 m3 during the rainy season (November to March) and 29.15 m3 during the dry season (April to October). Although the use of UAV allows determining one of the values within the runoff volume calculation, in order to achieve a more accurate result, it is necessary to analyze and evaluate the other variables (Ce and precipitation).

Resumen En los últimos años, los Vehículos Aéreos No Tripulados (VANT) han presentado una variedad de aplicaciones. Estudios recientes demuestran sus ventajas al momento de cuantificar áreas para la estimación de escorrentía pluvial. Sin embargo, existen incertidumbres sobre su alcance real. Ante ello, el objetivo del estudio es estimar el volumen pluvial captado por cubiertas mediante VANT. La metodología consistió en seleccionar una zona de estudio compuesta por una variedad de cubiertas, en el que las áreas fueron medidas digitalmente, esta última por medio del procesamiento de imágenes captadas por VANT. Para el cálculo de volumen de escurrimiento, se tomaron los datos de precipitación media mensual de los últimos 11 años, y se consideraron los Coeficientes de Escorrentía (Ce) reportados en la literatura. A continuación, se calculó el volumen de escurrimiento medio mensual para cada cubierta. Los resultados muestran que las cubiertas estudiadas (Coliseo - Biblioteca), tienen la capacidad de captar un volumen anual de 2237.75 m3. Con un volumen promedio de 406.74 m3 durante la época lluviosa (noviembre a marzo) y 29.15 m3 en la época seca (abril a octubre). Aunque el uso de VANT permite determinar uno de los valores dentro del cálculo de volumen de escorrentía, para lograr un resultado más exacto, es preciso analizar y evaluar las otras variables (Ce y precipitación).

Resumen El Pico de Orizaba es un área natural protegida en la que destacan bosques de Pinus hartwegii sometidos a presiones naturales y antrópicas. El objetivo del presente estudio fue comparar los parámetros dasométricos de ocho rodales con cuatro exposiciones (N, S, E y O) y dos altitudes (3 700 y 3 900 m). Se ubicaron áreas con cobertura representativa y se establecieron tres sitios de dimensiones fijas de 1 000 m2 por cada combinación de exposición-altitud. La obtención de información se complementó con imágenes de un vehículo aéreo no tripulado (VANT). Se obtuvo mayor densidad de arbolado (593 árboles ha-1) en la combinación E-3 700 y la mínima en la zona O-3 900 (113 árboles ha-1). Los extremos de área basal mínima (11.9 m2 ha-1) y máxima (35.2 m2 ha-1) correspondieron a las combinaciones S-3 900 y E-3 700, respectivamente. El área basal y volumen disminuyeron con la altitud. La estructura horizontal mostró mayor número de individuos en categorías diamétricas bajas (10-40 cm) y la estructura vertical en las de 25 a 30 m de altura. La prueba de Kruskal-Wallis evidenció diferencias significativas entre las ocho combinaciones para las variables diámetro (DN), altura total (AT) y volumen (VOL), cuya reducción más notable fue sobre la exposición sur al incrementar la altitud de 3 700 a 3 900 m, lo que indica que la combinación S-3 900 es menos favorable para el crecimiento del arbolado. Las combinaciones exposición-altitud con parámetros dasométricos superiores y más potencial de crecimiento fueron N-3 700, E-3 700, S-3 700 y O-3 900.

Abstract Pico de Orizaba is a natural protected area with Pinus hartwegii forests subjected to natural and anthropogenic pressures. The objective of this study was to compare the mensuation parameters of eight stands with four exposures (N, S, E, and W) at two different altitudes (3 700 and 3 900 m). Areas with representative coverage were located and three sites of fixed dimensions of 1 000 m2 were established for each exposure-altitude combination. The collected information was complemented with images from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The highest tree density (593 trees ha-1) was obtained in the E-3 700 combination, and the lowest, in the W-3 900 area (113 trees ha-1). The extremes of minimum (11.9 m2 ha-1) and maximum (35.2 m2 ha-1) basimetric area corresponded to combinations S-3 900 and E-3 700, respectively. The basimetric area and volume decreased with the altitude. The horizontal structure showed a greater number of individuals in low diameter categories (10-40 cm), and the vertical structure in the 25 to 30 m height categories. The Kruskal-Wallis test showed significant differences between the eight combinations for the diameter (DN), total height (TA) and volume (VOL) variables. The most notable reduction was on the southern exposure, as the altitude increased from 3 700 to 3 900 m, indicating that the S-3 900 combination is less favorable for tree growth. The exposure-elevation combinations with superior mensuration parameters and more growth potential were N-3 700, E-3 700, S-3 700, and W-3 900.

Abstract NDVI elucidates the ecophysiological mechanisms faced by vegetation. With the flexibility and versatility of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), temporal, spatial and spectral resolutions have been useful in supporting decision-making. Here, we modeled diurnal change in the NDVI derived from UAV imagery for individual trees in a natural forest stand. Eight flights were conducted during daylight hours over one day to assess the dynamics of the NDVI of the genera Pinus, Juniperus, and Quercus. The results showed unstable NDVI values over time, with a parabolic quadratic trend in the model. The NDVI reached its maximum around 13:00 h and the values differed significantly according to genus: the highest value was found in Pinus with significant differences presented with Juniperus and Quercus, which showed similar values between them (p=0.533). As a validation strategy, we test the model generated using 124 trees independent of those that were sampled, which strengthened our results in terms of reliability. The similarities of statistical parameters confer a high variability of application of the results in models of simulation of similar forests ecosystems. We recommend to study more spectral indices of vegetation, including calibration of the sensor, particularly in longer-term seasonal studies. We conclude that the NDVI measured using UAV should consider image acquisition time to calibrate the records and thus improve the interpretation of results.

Resumen El NDVI dilucida los mecanismos ecofisiológicos a los que se enfrenta la vegetación. Gracias a la flexibilidad y versatilidad de los vehículos aéreos no tripulados (VANT), las resoluciones temporales, espaciales y espectrales han sido útiles para apoyar la toma de decisiones. En este trabajo se modelizó el cambio diurno en el NDVI derivado de imágenes de VANT para árboles individuales en un rodal forestal natural incoetáneo. Se realizaron ocho vuelos durante las horas diurnas a lo largo de un día para evaluar la dinámica del NDVI de los géneros Pinus, Juniperus y Quercus. Los resultados mostraron valores de NDVI inestables en el tiempo, con una tendencia cuadrática parabólica en el modelo. El NDVI alcanzó su máximo alrededor de las 13:00 h y los valores difirieron significativamente según el género: el valor más alto se encontró en Pinus con diferencias significativas presentadas con Juniperus y Quercus, que mostraron valores similares entre ellos (p=0.533). Como estrategia de validación, probamos el modelo generado utilizando 124 árboles independientes de los muestreados, lo que reforzó nuestros resultados en términos de confiabilidad. Las similitudes de los parámetros estadísticos confieren una alta variabilidad de aplicación de los resultados en modelos de simulación de ecosistemas forestales similares. Recomendamos estudiar más índices espectrales de vegetación, incluyendo la calibración del sensor, particularmente en estudios estacionales de más largo plazo. Concluimos que el NDVI medido mediante VANT debe considerar el tiempo de adquisición de la imagen para calibrar los registros y así mejorar la interpretación de los resultados.

Abstract This paper presents a study on kinetic and thermodynamic compensation to evaluate the kinetics of non-enzymatic browning of clarified lemon juices. In a previous work, the kinetic constants of browning were presented using the evolution of the absorbance at 420 nm (A 420) and luminosity (L*) for different soluble solids contents (64.6; 50; 35; 20 and 10 ºBrix) and different working temperatures (70, 80, 90 and 95 ºC). The parameters of the Arrhenius equation were obtained by fitting the kinetic constants and temperatures. The variation of lnK 0 with Ea follows a linear trend, so there is kinetic compensation, with isokinetic temperature values being 126.6 ºC and 149.7 ºC for A 420 and L*, respectively. The transition state equilibrium constants were determined using the Eyring equation for each soluble solids content and each temperature. The equilibrium constants were adjusted to the Van't Hoff equation and the set of pairs of estimated values for the activation enthalpy and the activation entropy also followed a straight line, which causes thermodynamic compensation, with isoequilibrium temperatures of 112.8 ºC and 136.3 ºC for A 420 and L*, respectively. It was concluded that the browning mechanism is the same for the ranges of soluble solids content and temperature studied. Since all isokinetic and isoequilibrium temperatures were higher than the working temperature values, it was also concluded that the control was enthalpic for all cases. To avoid the deterioration of these juices, it is advisable to intervene in the working temperature, trying to ensure that the heat treatment is carried out at the lowest possible temperature.

Resumen En este artículo se presenta un estudio sobre la compensación cinética y termodinámica para evaluar las cinéticas de pardeamiento no enzimático de zumos clarificados de limón. En un trabajo anterior se presentaron las constantes cinéticas de pardeamiento utilizando la evolución de la absorbancia a 420 nm (A 420) y luminosidad (L*) para distintos contenidos en sólidos solubles (64,6; 50; 35; 20 y 10 ºBrix) y diferentes temperaturas de trabajo (70, 80, 90 y 95 ºC). Los parámetros de la ecuación de Arrhenius se obtuvieron al ajustar la variación de las constantes cinéticas con la temperatura. La variación de lnK 0 con E a sigue una tendencia lineal, por lo que existe una compensación cinética, con valores de la temperatura isocinética de 126,6ºC y 149,7ºC para A 420 y L*, respectivamente. Las constantes de equilibrio del estado de transición se determinaron utilizando la ecuación de Eyring para cada contenido en sólidos solubles y cada temperatura. Las constantes de equilibrio se ajustaron a la ecuación de Van't Hoff y el conjunto de los pares de valores estimados para la entalpía de activación y la entropía de activación siguieron una línea recta lo que da lugar a la compensación termodinámica, con unas temperaturas de isoequilibrio de 112,8 ºC y 136,3 ºC para la absorbancia a A 420 y L*, respectivamente. Se concluyó que el mecanismo de pardeamiento es el mismo para los intervalos de contenido en sólidos solubles y temperatura estudiados. Dado que todas las temperaturas isocinéticas y de isoequilibrio fueron superiores a los valores de las temperaturas de trabajo, también se concluyó que el control fue entálpico para todos los casos. Para evitar el deterioro de estos zumos se aconseja intervenir en la temperatura de trabajo, intentando que el tratamiento térmico se lleve a cabo a la menor temperatura posible.

ABSTRACT Population growth has led to an exponential demand for agricultural products, to meet this demand it is necessary to improve management and achieve efficient use of resources without compromising the sustainability of ecosystems, particularly agricultural ones. One of the technologies that facilitate these tasks is precision agriculture (PA), which focuses on the optimization of resources and inputs based on the compilation of precise and timely geo-information of variables of agricultural interest with high spatio-temporal variability, obtained through remote sensors of three types: images captured by satellites or airplanes, images obtained from manned and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and specific information with sensors mounted on machinery or in the field. These limitations were overcome by using multispectral images, which has increased applications for agricultural purposes. Currently, multispectral images allow quantifying soil moisture, monitoring the presence of droughts and the degree of crop water stress, estimating the temporal and spatial variability of evapotranspiration, monitoring phenology, detecting nutritional deficiencies, estimating the degree of weed infestation. and insects, calculate organic carbon and soil salinity, and estimate yields and agricultural production. The use of geospatial technologies in the PA has changed the paradigm of agriculture and today constitutes a viable alternative to face the challenges that food production demands in a world with high climate variability.

RESUMEN El crecimiento poblacional ha derivado en una demanda exponencial de productos agrícolas, para cubrir esta demanda se requiere mejorar la gestión y lograr un uso eficiente de recursos sin comprometer la sustentabilidad de los ecosistemas, en particular los agrícolas. Una de las tecnologías que facilitan estas tareas es la agricultura de precisión (AP), que se enfoca en la optimización de recursos e insumos basado en la compilación de geo información precisa y oportuna de variables de interés agrícola de alta variabilidad espacio-temporal, obtenida mediante sensores remotos de tres tipos: imágenes capturadas por satélites o aviones, imágenes obtenidas desde vehículos aéreos tripulados y no tripulados (VANT’s) e información puntual con sensores montados en maquinaria o en campo. Estas limitantes se superaron al usar imágenes multiespectrales, lo que ha incrementado las aplicaciones con fines agrícolas. Actualmente, las mágenes multiespectrales permiten cuantificar la humedad del suelo, monitorear la presencia de sequías y el grado de estrés hídrico de cultivos, estimar la variabilidad temporal y espacial de la evapotranspiración, dar seguimiento fenológico, detectar deficiencias nutricionales, estimar grado de infestación de malezas e insectos, calcular carbono orgánico y salinidad del suelo y estimar rendimientos y producción agrícola. El uso de tecnologías geoespaciales en la AP ha cambiado el paradigma de la agricultura y hoy en día constituye una alternativa viable para afrontar los retos que demanda la producción de alimentos en un mundo con alta variabilidad climática.

Abstract In view of the growing scarcity of water for agriculture, the increase in food demand and future drought scenarios posed by climate change, it is essential to design new technologies that contribute to lower water consumption. In this research, high-resolution images have been used to estimate evapotranspiration in rice fields by applying the METRICTM (Mapping Evapotranspiration at High Resolution using Internalized Calibration) energy balance model. For this purpose, 5900 m2 of crop were monitored under continuous flood irrigation (CF) and 2600 m2 under alternate wetting and drying irrigation (AWD), in addition to some plots with lateral filtration. Ten flights were conducted between tillering and flowering phases, five flights with a Matrice 210 UAV equipped with a Parrot Sequoia multispectral camera, and five flights with a Matrice 300 RTK equipped with a H20T thermal camera. Field data were collected from vegetation indices (NDVI and LAI), and readings from a radiometer, to adjust information from multispectral and thermal images, respectively, and to obtain the components of the surface energy balance. Mean values for crop evapotranspiration (ETc) of 6.34 ± 1.49 and 5.84 ± 0.41 mm d-1 were obtained for IC irrigation and AWD irrigation, respectively, obtaining a water saving of 42% with a yield reduction of 14%, providing a guide for proper irrigation management, however, it is suggested to use the model to optimize yield by obtaining critical thresholds for optimal application of AWD in the face of water resource scarcity.

Resumen Ante la creciente escasez del agua para la agricultura, el incremento de la demanda de alimentos y los futuros escenarios de sequía que nos plantea el cambio climático es indispensable diseñar nuevas tecnologías que contribuyan a un menor consumo de agua. En esta investigación se han empleado imágenes de alta resolución para estimar la evapotranspiración en arrozales aplicando el modelo de balance de energía METRICTM (Mapping Evapotranspiration at High Resolution using Internalized Calibration). Para ello, se monitorizaron 5900 m2 de cultivo bajo riego por inundación continua (IC) y 2600 m2 bajo la técnica de riego de alternancia humedecimiento y secado (AWD, por sus siglas en inglés), además de algunas parcelas con filtración lateral. Se realizaron 10 vuelos entre las etapas de macollamiento y floración, cinco vuelos con un VANT Matrice 210 con una cámara multiespectral Parrot Sequoia, y cinco vuelos con un Matrice 300 RTK equipado con una cámara térmica H20T. Se colectó información de campo de los índices de vegetación (NDVI e IAF), y lecturas de un radiómetro, para ajustar información de las imágenes multiespectrales y térmicas, respectivamente; y obtener los componentes del balance de energía en superficie. Se obtuvo valores medios para evapotranspiración del cultivo (ETc) de 6,34 ±1,49 y 5,84 ± 0,41 mm d-1 para riego IC y riego AWD, respectivamente, obteniéndose un ahorro de agua del 42% con una reducción del rendimiento en 14%, proporcionando una guía para la gestión adecuada del riego, sin embargo, se sugiere utilizar el modelo para optimizar el rendimiento obteniendo umbrales críticos para la aplicación óptima de AWD frente a la escasez del recurso hídrico.

Abstract Purpose: This article aims to identify the benefits and difficulties managers perceive regarding implementing digital transformation (DT) in hospital bed management. Originality/value: The article contributes to academia by analyzing a rele-vant topic, DT of health, that is scarcely explored in the multifactorial perspective of its technological, organizational, and social elements. No similar study was identified with application in a large private hospital located in a developing country. By analyzing managerial perceptions about implementing DT applied to hospital bed management, the study allows a better understanding and potential strengthening of this DT process by the professionals involved, which can contribute to expanding access to hospital care. Design/methodology/approach: A single case study was carried out to investigate the implementation of DT for managing hospital beds in a private general hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. We interviewed 19 managers responsible for hospital bed management. The interviews were analyzed using two methods: content analysis and data mining, and they were classified according to their technological, organizational, and social elements (Reis et al., 2018). Findings: DT’s most cited potential benefits were efficiency gains, real-time information, and employee and patient satisfaction. The main dificulties reported were systems integration, data availability in real-time, instituting new processes, and challenges related to organizational culture and the necessary changes. DT can positively impact bed flow management, but it is crucial to consider the technological, organizational, and social elements involved in its success. Purpose (DT management Originality/value Originalityvalue Originality value relevant rele vant topic health technological country care Design/methodology/approach Designmethodologyapproach Design methodology approach Paulo Brazil 1 methods mining Reis al al. 2018. 2018 . 2018) Findings DTs s gains realtime real time information satisfaction integration realtime, time, processes changes success 201 20 2

Resumo Objetivo: Este artigo visa identificar os benefícios e as dificuldades percebidos pelos gestores quanto à implementação da transformação digital (TD) na gestão de leitos hospitalares. Originalidade/valor: O artigo contribui para a academia ao analisar um tema relevante, a TD na saúde, e ainda pouco explorado na perspectiva multifatorial de seus elementos tecnológicos, organizacionais e sociais. Nenhum estudo similar foi identificado com aplicação em um hospital privado, de grande porte, localizado em um país em desenvolvimento. Ao analisar percepções gerenciais sobre a implementação da TD aplicada à gestão de leitos hospitalares, o estudo possibilita melhor entendimento e potencial fortalecimento desse processo de TD por parte dos profissionais envolvidos, podendo contribuir para a ampliação do acesso à atenção hospitalar. Design/metodologia/abordagem: Aplicou-se um estudo de caso único para investigar a implementação da TD na gestão de leitos hospitalares de um hospital geral privado de São Paulo, Brasil. Para tanto, entrevistas em profundidade foram realizadas com 19 executivos responsáveis pela gestão de leitos hospitalares. O conteúdo das entrevistas foi analisado por meio da análise de conteúdo e da mineração de dados, e classificado de acordo com seus elementos tecnológicos, organizacionais e sociais (Reis et al., 2018). Resultados: Os benefícios potenciais da TD mais citados são: ganhos de eficiência, informações em tempo real e satisfação de funcionários e pacientes. Por sua vez, a integração de sistemas, a instituição de novos processos e a mudança organizacional constituem as principais dificuldades relatadas. A TD pode impactar positivamente o fluxo de gestão de leitos, mas é crucial considerar, para seu sucesso, os elementos tecnológicos, organizacionais e sociais envolvidos. Objetivo (TD Originalidade/valor Originalidadevalor Originalidade valor relevante saúde tecnológicos porte desenvolvimento envolvidos hospitalar Design/metodologia/abordagem Designmetodologiaabordagem Design metodologia abordagem Aplicouse Aplicou se Paulo Brasil tanto 1 dados Reis al al. 2018. 2018 . 2018) Resultados são eficiência pacientes vez sistemas relatadas considerar sucesso 201 20 2

ABSTRACT: This article presents an experimental study to verify the feasibility of using the emerging UAV technology in the mapping of fishing grounds exploited by artisanal fishing in Sepetiba Bay, in the south of the state of Rio de Janeiro-Brazil, aiming to better understand the functionality and information generated by the equipment, and whether the data can help improve local fisheries management and also provide information for the implementation of simplified traceability for regional fish. The study area included four locations, Ilha da Madeira, Vila Geny, Coroa Grande and Ponte Preta, all located in Sepetiba Bay, located in the municipality of Itaguaí, in the southern region of the state of Rio de Janeiro. The aerial mapping was carried out in September, October and November 2017, between 10 am and 12 pm (GMT-3), employing a Phantom 3 Professional UAV (DJI, Shenzhen, China), Anac Brasil registration number PP-011092014. The onboard camera a DJI 4K Edition Sony Exmor R Model IMX117: 7.81mm equipped with a CMOS sensor dimension of 6.2 mm, 4000 x 3000 12 megapixel resolution, with an f/2.8 lens and field of view (FOV) of 94, having a focal length of 14mm. Images were collected perpendicularly to the main plan. Flight height was set at 80 m, flight speed was determined based on the overlap of 80%, dimension of area to be mapped, and battery life. Hence, the operator utilized a average flight speed of 25 km/h. ground sample distance (GSD) was 1.20 cm/px. and an overlap of 80% between images was established to avoid possible failures and orthomosaic information gaps. For each fishery mapped, standard software processing was carried out, which consists of: aligning the photos, creating a point cloud, creating a digital elevation model, and finally the orthomosaic itself. Once processed, the orthomosaics were exported from Agis Soft Photo Scan Professional to Google Earth (Google Inc.), where it is possible to make a more comprehensive assessment of fisheries in a much more practical and faster way. A total of four flights were carried out, one for each study area, averaging 10 minutes each. As a result, the technology proved to be viable to apply, since it made it possible to identify and map the areas defined for this research, generating data such as distance and, characteristics of the place, which could be used to track the fish caught and landed, in addition to enabling the monitoring of vessels and fishing, and thus improve the management of local fisheries. ABSTRACT Bay JaneiroBrazil, JaneiroBrazil Janeiro Brazil, Brazil Janeiro-Brazil equipment locations Madeira Geny Preta Itaguaí September 2017 1 GMT3, GMT3 GMT , (GMT-3) DJI, (DJI Shenzhen China, China China) PP011092014. PP011092014 PP 011092014. 011092014 PP-011092014 K IMX117 IMX 781mm mm 7 81mm 62 6 2 6. 400 300 resolution f28 f 8 f/2. FOV (FOV 94 14mm plan m mapped life Hence kmh km h km/h GSD (GSD 120 20 1.2 cmpx cm px cm/px gaps photos cloud model itself processed Inc., Inc Inc. Inc.) way result apply research place landed 201 (GMT-3 PP01109201 01109201 PP-01109201 IMX11 40 30 f2 f/2 9 1. (GMT- PP0110920 0110920 PP-0110920 IMX1 4 f/ (GMT PP011092 011092 PP-011092 PP01109 01109 PP-01109 PP0110 0110 PP-0110 PP011 011 PP-011 PP01 01 PP-01 PP0 0 PP-0 PP-

RESUMO: Este artigo apresenta um estudo experimental para verificar a viabilidade de uso da tecnologia emergente UAV no mapeamento dos pesqueiros explotados pela pesca artesanal na Baía de Sepetiba, no sul do estado do Rio de Janeiro-Brasil, visando conhecer melhor a funcionalidade e informações geradas pelo equipamento, e se os dados poderão auxiliar na melhoria do gerenciamento da pesca local e também subsidiar informações para a implantação de uma rastreabilidade simplificada para o pescado regional. A área de estudo contemplou quatro localidades sendo Ilha da Madeira, Vila Geny, Coroa Grande e Ponte Preta, todas inseridas na Baía de Sepetiba, localizada no município de Itaguaí, região sul do estado do Rio de Janeiro. O mapeamento aéreo foi realizado nos meses de setembro, outubro e novembro de 2017, entre 10h e 12h (GMT-3), utilizando um VANT Phantom 3 Professional (DJI, Shenzhen, China), registro Anac Brasil PP-011092014. A câmera integrada é uma DJI 4K Edition Sony Exmor R Modelo IMX117: 7,81 mm equipada com sensor CMOS de 6,2 mm, resolução 4000 x 3000 de 12 megapixels, com lente f/2.8 e campo de visão (FOV) de 94, possuindo uma distância focal de 14 mm. As imagens foram coletadas perpendicularmente ao plano principal. A altura de voo foi fixada em 80 m, a velocidade de voo foi determinada com base na sobreposição de 80%, dimensão da área a ser mapeada e duração da bateria. Assim, o operador utilizou uma velocidade média de voo de 25 km/h. a distância da amostra terrestre (GSD) foi de 1,20 cm/px. e foi estabelecida uma sobreposição de 80% entre as imagens para evitar possíveis falhas e lacunas de informações do ortomosaico. Para cada pesqueiro mapeado foi realizado o processamento padrão do software, que consiste em: alinhamento das fotos, criação da nuvem de pontos, criação de modelo de elevação digital, e finalmente o ortomosaico propriamente dito. Uma vez processado, os ortomosaicos foram exportados do Agis Soft Photo Scan Professional para o Google Earth (Google Inc.), onde é possível fazer uma avaliação mais abrangente dos pesqueiros de uma maneira muito mais prática e rápida. Foram realizados um total de quatro voos, um para cada área de estudo, com duração média de 10 minutos cada. Como resultado, a tecnologia mostrou-se viável de aplicação, uma vez que possibilitou identificar e mapear as áreas definidas para nesta pesquisa, gerando dados como distância e características do local, que poderão ser utilizados para rastrear o pescado capturado e desembarcado, além de possibilitar o monitoramento das embarcações e da pesca e assim, aprimorar o gerenciamento da pesca local. RESUMO Sepetiba JaneiroBrasil, JaneiroBrasil Janeiro Brasil, Janeiro-Brasil equipamento regional Madeira Geny Preta Itaguaí setembro 2017 h GMT3, GMT3 GMT , (GMT-3) DJI, (DJI Shenzhen China, China China) PP011092014. PP011092014 PP 011092014. 011092014 PP-011092014 K IMX117 IMX 781 7 81 7,8 62 6 2 6, 400 300 1 megapixels f28 f 8 f/2. FOV (FOV 94 principal m bateria Assim kmh km km/h GSD (GSD 120 20 1,2 cmpx cm px cm/px software fotos pontos digital dito processado Inc., Inc Inc. Inc.) rápida voos resultado mostrouse mostrou aplicação pesquisa desembarcado assim 201 (GMT-3 PP01109201 01109201 PP-01109201 IMX11 78 7, 40 30 f2 f/2 9 1, (GMT- PP0110920 0110920 PP-0110920 IMX1 4 f/ (GMT PP011092 011092 PP-011092 PP01109 01109 PP-01109 PP0110 0110 PP-0110 PP011 011 PP-011 PP01 01 PP-01 PP0 0 PP-0 PP-

The interactive profile between four 1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives (1-4) and human serum albumin (HSA) was studied by spectroscopic techniques and in silico calculations. The bimolecular quenching rate constant (kq ca. 1012 L mol-1 s-1) and the time-resolved fluorescence decays indicated a static fluorescence quenching mechanism. Thus, there is a spontaneous ground-state association, and based on both Stern-Volmer, modified Stern-Volmer, and van’t Hoff approaches, the association is moderate mainly driven by hydrophobic forces. The circular dichroism (CD) analysis indicated that until the proportion albumin:compound of 1:8 there is a weak perturbation on the structural content of albumin, while molecular docking results suggested subdomain IIA (site I), a positive electrostatic pocket, as the main binding site. Overall, even though the hydrogen atom replacement by methyl, fluorine, or chlorine atoms in the para position of the aromatic ring in the benzo[g]chromene-5,10-dione moiety changes the lipophilicity, it does not change the binding profile to HSA. 1,4naphthoquinone 14naphthoquinone naphthoquinone 1,4 1 4 14 (1-4 HSA (HSA calculations kq ca 101 mol1 mol mol- s1 s s-1 timeresolved time resolved mechanism Thus groundstate ground state SternVolmer, SternVolmer Stern Volmer, Volmer Stern-Volmer vant van t approaches forces CD (CD albumincompound compound 18 8 1: site I, I , I) pocket Overall methyl fluorine benzogchromene5,10dione benzogchromene510dione benzogchromenedione benzo g chromene 5,10 dione 5 10 lipophilicity 4naphthoquinone 1, (1- s- benzogchromene5 10dione benzogchromene 510 5,1 (1 51 5, (

ABSTRACT In the quest to advance fire prevention and control strategies, new techniques for quantifying combustible material are being explored. Among these, the use of multispectral sensors and red, green, and blue (RGB) cameras has emerged as promising solutions to streamline both cost and time expenditures in the field. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of employing an airborne multispectral sensor and an airborne RGB digital camera, mounted on a multirotor drone, to estimate combustible material load in a Cerrado area through linear regression analysis. Conducted within a savanna formation, the study involved evaluating 40 samples of combustible material load in 1 m² plots. Aerial surveys were conducted to capture images, facilitating the derivation of reflectance variables, vegetation indices, and descriptive parameters of the three-dimensional model. The resulting equation, customized to predict total combustible material within the study area, exhibited considerable significance (p < 0.001), accompanied by a determination coefficient (R²) of 0.70 and an adjusted R² of 0.65. Upon analyzing the variables’ impact on the model, it became evident that while the point density of the model showed higher correlations, the normalized difference vegetation index wielded notable influence, as indicated by its prominent weight within the adjusted equation. strategies explored these red green (RGB field camera drone analysis formation 4 m plots images variables indices threedimensional three dimensional equation p 0.001, 0001 0.001 , 0 001 0.001) R (R² 070 70 0.7 065 65 0.65 correlations influence 000 0.00 00 (R 07 7 0. 06 6 0.6 0.0

RESUMO Em busca de alternativas para aprimorar o controle e gerenciamento das ações de prevenção aos incêndios, novas técnicas para quantificação do material combustível têm sido estudadas. Para reduzir os custos e tempo gasto em campo, o uso de sensores multiespectrais e câmera RGB (Red, Green e Blue) vêm se destacando como ferramentas úteis e eficazes na estimativa do material combustível. Nesse contexto, objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar a viabilidade da utilização de um sensor multiespectral e câmera digital RGB aerotransportada por um multirrotor, para estimativa de carga de material combustível em área de Cerrado por meio de regressão linear. O trabalho foi conduzido em área de formação savânica, onde foram avaliadas 40 amostras de carga de material combustível em parcelas de 1 m², coletando-se também imagens, mediante a um aerolevantamento, para obtenção de variáveis de reflectância, índices de vegetação e variáveis descritivas do modelo tridimensional. A equação ajustada para prever o conteúdo de material combustível (MCT) na área de estudo revelou-se relevante, com significância estatística (p < 0,001), um coeficiente de determinação (R²) de 0,70 e R² ajustado de 0,65. Ao analisar a influência das variáveis no modelo, observou-se que, embora a densidade de pontos no modelo (DPM) apresentasse correlações superiores entre as variáveis, o índice de vegetação NDVI exerceu uma influência mais significativa, evidenciada pelo seu maior peso na equação ajustada. incêndios estudadas campo Red, Red (Red Blue contexto objetivouse objetivou multirrotor linear savânica 4 m² m coletandose coletando imagens aerolevantamento reflectância tridimensional MCT (MCT revelouse revelou relevante p 0,001, 0001 0,001 , 0 001 0,001) R (R² 070 70 0,7 065 65 0,65 observouse observou que DPM (DPM significativa 000 0,00 00 (R 07 7 0, 06 6 0,6 0,0

Abstract Remote sensing-based crop monitoring, particularly through unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), allows farmers to stay up to date on the health of their crop and locate which areas of their plot require attention, thus implementing preventive and corrective measures to anticipate problems at an early stage and enhance crop yield. For this reason, the methodology proposes to identify areas where there is a nutrient or water deficiency through images obtained from an unmanned aerial vehicle, integrating information on the expressed agronomic practices by the farmers and the findings from the field. Vegetation indices were used to determine crop health. Participation of small farmers is encouraged to sensitize producers about the usefulness of the information that can be gathered through this type of precision agriculture methodologies. Finally, previous studies allowed establishing a guide for monitoring the maize health through remote sensors, particularly a UAV.

Resumen El monitoreo de cultivos basado en sensores remotos, particularmente a través de vehículos aéreos no tripulados (VANTs), permite a los agricultores estar actualizados sobre la salud de su cultivo y localizar qué áreas de la parcela requieren atención para mejorar su rendimiento. Por tal motivo, la presente propuesta metodológica planteada a partir de los resultados del estudio piloto para identificar las zonas donde existe una deficiencia de nutrientes o agua a través de imágenes obtenidas de un VANT, integrando información de las prácticas agronómicas expresadas por los agricultores y los hallazgos observados en campo. Se emplearon índices de vegetación para determinar la salud del cultivo y la etapa fenológica en la que se encuentra. Asimismo, se incentiva la participación de los pequeños agricultores con la finalidad de sensibilizarlos de la información que se puede obtener a través de este tipo de metodologías de la agricultura de precisión. Finalmente, los estudios previos en la zona de estudio permitieron establecer una guía para el monitoreo de la salud del cultivo de maíz a través de sensores remotos, particularmente de un VANT.

ABSTRACT The study aimed to characterize the spatial structure of variability of biophysical indexes of vegetation through images obtained by Unmanned Aerial Vehicles under strong heterogeneity and anisotropy, using geostatistical procedures. Plots with different types and densities of culture were evaluated in a didactic vegetable garden. Five vegetation indexes obtained from aerial multispectral camera images were evaluated parallel with geostatistical analysis and anisotropy investigation for multiscale spatial modeling. For the studied domain, geometric anisotropy was identified for the biometric indexes. The spherical model presented a better fit when anisotropy was not considered, whereas the exponential model had the best performance in the anisotropic analysis. Contrasting targets were better identified in multispectral images and considering anisotropy. The Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index is recommended for similar applications. procedures garden modeling domain considered SoilAdjusted Soil Adjusted applications

RESUMO O estudo objetivou caracterizar a estrutura espacial de variabilidade dos índices biofísicos de vegetação através de imagens obtidas por Veículos Aéreos Não Tripulados, sob forte heterogeneidade e anisotropia, usando procedimentos geoestatísticos. Avaliou-se parcelas com diferentes tipos e densidades de cultura em horta didática. Avaliaram-se cinco índices de vegetação obtidos de imagens aéreas de câmera multiespectral, em paralelo com análises geoestatísticas e investigação de anisotropia para modelagem espacial em multiescala. Para o domínio estudado, foi identificada anisotropia geométrica para os índices biométricos. O modelo esférico apresentou melhor ajuste, quando não se considerou anisotropia, enquanto o modelo exponencial foi o de melhor desempenho na análise anisotrópica. Alvos contrastantes foram melhor identificados nas imagens multiespectrais, e considerando a anisotropia. O Indice de Vegetação Ajustado ao Solo é recomendado para aplicações similares. Tripulados geoestatísticos Avaliouse Avaliou didática Avaliaramse Avaliaram multiespectral multiescala estudado biométricos ajuste anisotrópica multiespectrais similares