Resumen Introducción: la tuberculosis es una enfermedad infecciosa crónica causada por Mycobacterium tuberculosis, capaz de afectar cualquier órgano o tejido siendo la forma más común la enfermedad pulmonar. Objetivo: identificar los factores que afectan la adherencia al tratamiento antituberculoso en pacientes del Departamento de Boyacá durante los años 2017-2019. Metodología: estudio descriptivo retrospectivo que utilizó como fuentes de información datos registrados en la base del programa departamental de Tuberculosis y SIVIGILA. Se realizó análisis univariado, determinando la distribución de las variables y análisis bivariado en el que se exploró la asociación entre la adherencia al tratamiento de tuberculosis y las variables independientes, se utilizó la prueba de Chi cuadrado. Resultados: se incluyeron 402 pacientes, la adherencia al tratamiento antituberculoso fue 96,5% y la no adherencia de 3,5%. El 66,7% eran de sexo femenino; 55,7% vivián en zona urbana; 66,5% pertenecían al régimen subsidiado; 89,7% mestizos; 91,2% correspondían a otros grupos poblacionales, seguido del 7,5% de población privada de la libertad y 1,3% habitantes de calle. Dentro de las comorbilidades la coinfección con VIH con 4,2% fue la de mayor presencia. Entre las causas de no adherencia al tratamiento fueron desinterés, cambio frecuente de domicilio, contrato finalizado con la EPS y suspensión del tratamiento por toxicidad hepática. El paciente con mayor probabilidad de abandonar el tratamiento pertenece al sexo masculino, al grupo poblacional de migrantes o habitantes de calle y se encuentra afiliado al régimen subsidiado, se encontró una relación estadísticamente significativa entre estas variables y el resultado con la adherencia al tratamiento. Conclusiones: si bien el resultado obtenido en el presente trabajo no es elevado, es importante realizar vigilancia de la adherencia al tratamiento antituberculoso para disminuir el riesgo de complicaciones derivadas de su abandono como mayor mortalidad, desarrollo de resistencia bacteriana y un período de contagiosidad más prolongado.

Abstract Introduction: Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, capable of affecting any organ or tissue, the most common form being lung disease. Objective: Identify the factors that affect adherence to tuberculosis treatment in patients from the Department of Boyacá during the years 2017-2019. Methodology: Retrospective descriptive study that used as information sources data registered in the database of the departmental Tuberculosis program and SIVIGILA. A univariate analysis was carried out, determining the distribution of the variables and a bivariate analysis in which the association between adherence to tuberculosis treatment and the independent variables was explored, using the Chi-square test. Results: 402 patients were included, adherence to anti-tuberculosis treatment was 96.5% and non-adherence 3.5%. 66.7% were female; 55.7% lived in an urban area; 66.5% belonged to the subsidized regime; 89.7% mestizo; 91.2% corresponded to other population groups, followed by 7.5% of the population deprived of liberty and 1.3% homeless. Within the comorbidities, coinfection with HIV 4.2% was the one with the greatest presence. Among the causes of non-adherence to treatment were lack of interest; frequent change of address; Terminated contract with the EPS and suspension of treatment due to liver toxicity. The patient with the highest probability of abandoning treatment belongs to the male sex, to the population group of migrants or street dwellers and is affiliated with the subsidized regime, a statistically significant relationship was found between these variables and the result with adherence to treatment. Conclusions: Although the result obtained in this study is not high, it is important to monitor adherence to tuberculosis treatment to reduce the risk of complications derived from its abandonment, such as increased mortality, development of bacterial resistance, and a longer period of contagiousness.

Resumo A expansão desordenada das cidades é um desafio global que afeta o desenvolvimento urbano. Neste estudo, é analisado o crescimento urbano em uma cidade média durante cinco décadas, com enfoque na forma urbana e aplicação de mais de 20 métricas espaciais associadas à mensuração da geometria da expansão físico-territorial no ambiente construído. Os padrões de crescimento são analisados à luz do fenômeno espraiamento urbano e sob a perspectiva da teoria de Difusão-Coalescência. São discutidas as limitações inerentes às métricas existentes, assim como elencadas alternativas que as superam por mensuração das propriedades de Compacidade, Fragmentação, Complexidade e Dispersão concomitantemente. Os resultados demonstraram a ocorrência de fases distintas no crescimento urbano ao longo das décadas: Difusão de uma forma inicialmente compacta em partes menores nas periferias; e Transição para crescimento com agrupamento dessas partes, elevando a compacidade. Essa oscilação sugere aderência à teoria da Difusão-Coalescência, com ocorrência de espraiamento urbano (entre 1966 e 1976) seguida de aumento da compacidade nas décadas subsequentes (1976-2006). Após 2006 os resultados são ambíguos, possivelmente associados a fatores intervenientes de planejamento. A discussão dos resultados destaca a relevância da quantificação do crescimento urbano por meio de métricas, e traz conceitos importantes atualmente limitados à literatura internacional. estudo 2 físicoterritorial físico territorial construído DifusãoCoalescência. DifusãoCoalescência Coalescência. Coalescência Difusão-Coalescência existentes Compacidade Fragmentação concomitantemente periferias DifusãoCoalescência, Coalescência, entre 196 1976 19762006. 19762006 . (1976-2006) 200 ambíguos planejamento internacional 19 197 1976200 (1976-2006 1 197620 (1976-200 19762 (1976-20 (1976-2 (1976- (1976 (197 (19 (1 (

Abstract The disorderly expansion of cities is a global challenge that impacts urban development. In this paper, we analyse the urban growth in a medium-sized city over five decades, focusing on urban form and employing more than 20 spatial metrics associated with the geometry of physical-territorial expansion in the built environment. We examine the growth patterns in the context of the urban sprawl phenomenon and the Diffusion-Coalescence theory perspective. We discuss the inherent limitations of existing metrics and raise alternatives that simultaneously address the properties of Compactness, Fragmentation, Complexity, and Dispersion. The results reveal distinct phases in urban growth over the decades, from diffusion of an initially compact form into smaller parts on the periphery; to a transition towards more compact growth. This oscillation suggests adherence to the Diffusion-Coalescence theory, with urban sprawl occurring between 1966 and 1976, followed by increased compactness in subsequent decades (1976-2006). After 2006, the results became ambiguous, possibly due to intervening planning factors. The discussion of the findings underscores the importance of quantifying urban growth using metrics and introduces concepts that have been hitherto limited to international literature. development paper mediumsized medium sized 2 physicalterritorial physical territorial environment DiffusionCoalescence Diffusion Coalescence perspective Compactness Fragmentation Complexity Dispersion periphery 196 1976 19762006. 19762006 2006 . (1976-2006) ambiguous factors literature 19 197 1976200 200 (1976-2006 1 197620 (1976-200 19762 (1976-20 (1976-2 (1976- (1976 (197 (19 (1 (

Abstract This article seeks to publicize the process of adapting the National Survey of the Uses of Time (ENUT) to be applied to Family Farming since it is identified that said survey has an urban-centric bias and does not take into account that the uses of time in rural spaces are structured in a particular and differential way to life in urban contexts. The adaptation process began with a first qualitative survey. It continued with a review of the measurement experiences in Argentina and in Latin American countries to identify contributions related to the tracking of aspects of rural life. With this information, we built a first form that was applied to people from the Family Farming of the Buenos Aires peri-urban area. Based on this journey, we found the final form that allowed us to obtain the National Survey of the Use of Time in Family Farming (ENUTAF). Said form presents methodological and content modifications based on the socio-territorial and cultural aspects of rural life.

Resumen El presente artículo busca dar a conocer el proceso de adecuación de la Encuesta Nacional de los Usos del Tiempo (ENUT) para ser aplicada a la Agricultura Familiar, dado que se identifica que dicha encuesta presenta un sesgo urbanocéntrico y no tiene en cuenta que los usos del tiempo en espacios rurales se estructuran de manera particular y diferencial a la vida en contexto urbanos. El proceso de adecuación se inició con un primer relevamiento cualitativo y se continuó con una revisión sobre las experiencias de medición en Argentina y en países latinoamericanos con el fin de identificar aportes vinculados con el rastreo de aspectos de la vida rural. Con dicha información construimos un primer formulario que fue aplicado a personas de la Agricultura Familiar del periurbano bonaerense. En base a este recorrido dimos con el formulario final que permitió obtener la Encuesta Nacional de los Usos del Tiempo de la Agricultura Familiar (ENUTAF). Dicho formulario presenta modificaciones metodológicas y de contenido basadas en los aspectos socioterritoriales y culturales de la vida rural.

Resumo Este artigo busca apresentar o processo de adaptação da Pesquisa Nacional de Usos do Tempo (ENUT) para aplicação na Agricultura Familiar, pois se identifica que a referida pesquisa apresenta um viés urbanocêntrico e não leva em conta que os usos do tempo nos espaços rurais estruturam-se de uma forma particular e diferencial à vida em contexto urbano. O processo de adaptação começou com uma primeira pesquisa qualitativa e continuou com uma revisão das experiências de medição na Argentina e nos países da América Latina, a fim de identificar contribuições ligadas ao rastreamento de aspectos da vida rural. Com essas informações construímos um primeiro formulário que foi aplicado a pessoas da Agricultura Familiar da periferia urbana de Buenos Aires. Com base nessa jornada, encontramos o formulário final que nos permitiu obter a Pesquisa Nacional de Usos do Tempo na Agricultura Familiar (ENUTAF). Este formulário apresenta modificações metodológicas e de conteúdo baseadas nos aspectos socioterritoriais e culturais da vida rural.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an alphavirus with a single-stranded RNA genome belonging to the Togaviridae family. It is transmitted through the bite of mosquitoes of the Aedes sp. genus and is characterized by fever and disabling joint pain. Objetive: Determine the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the chikungunya virus in pediatric patients who attended a Regional Hospital in Paraguay between January and June 2023. Materials and method: Quantitative, observational, descriptive cross-sectional study. All patients with variables of interest were included in the study; sex, age, origin, clinical findings and atypical symptoms. Results: A total of 465 clinical records of patients with confirmed chikungunya were reviewed. The minimum age of the patients was four days, and the maximum was 17 years; half of the patients were between 1 and 10 years of age. Male predominance in 52.7%, patients from urban areas in 72.5%. 62.6% had a typical presentation of chikungunya infection, and 37.4% had an atypical presentation. Fever, polyarthralgia, myalgia, headache, vomiting, and nausea predominated in the usual manner. In the atypical form, alterations of the cardiovascular system, bleeding dyscrasias, and pneumonia, among others, predominate. 4.3% presented complications, including encephalitis-meningoencephalitis and myocarditis. There was a death rate of 10.8%. Conclusion: Male sex predominated, coming from urban areas with typical presentation of chikungunya, with predominant symptoms of fever, polyarthralgia, and myalgia. Atypical form alteration of the cardiovascular system, bleeding dyscrasias, pneumonia. 4.3% presented complications, 10.8% died.

RESUMEN Introducción: El virus chikungunya (CHIKV), es un alfavirus con genoma de ARN monocatenario, perteneciente a la familia Togaviridae, transmitido a través de la picadura de mosquitos del género Aedes sp., caracterizada por fiebre y dolores articulares incapacitantes. Objetivo: Determinar las características clínicas y epidemiológicas del virus chikungunya en pacientes pediátricos que acudieron a un Hospital Regional de Paraguay entre enero y junio del 2023. Material y Métodos: Estudio cuantitativo, observacional, descriptivo de corte transversal. Se incluyeron en el estudio todos los pacientes que presenten variables de interés; sexo, edad, procedencia, hallazgos clínicos y síntomas atípicos. Resultados: Se ha realizado la revisión de 465 fichas clínicas de pacientes con cuadro confirmado de chikungunya. La edad mínima de los pacientes fue de 4 días y la máxima de 17 años, la mitad de los pacientes estuvieron ubicados entre 1 y 10 años de edad. El 62,6% tuvo una presentación típica del cuadro de infección por chikungunya, el 37,4% tuvo una forma de presentación atípica. El 4,3% presentó complicaciones entre las que se citan encefalitis-meningoencefalitis y miocarditis. El 10,8% tuvo desenlace fatal, obitó. Conclusión: En cuanto a los datos demográficos, hubo predominio del sexo masculino y procedencia urbana. En cuanto a la presentación clínica, se reportaron formas típicas con fiebre, polialtralgias y mialgias. Las formas atípicas se presentaron con alteración del sistema cardiovascular, discrasia sanguínea y neumonías asociadas. Los casos que se consideraron complicados representan el 4,3% de la muestra y fue del 10,8% la mortalidad.

Abstract Housing leaves a sample of different contexts in which the city is lived; its size, shape and location, according to its typology, are the initial referents of the costs in the market and therefore of those who acquire them. The main objective of this work is to expose a cartography of housing in the city. Where the urban form configured from the new house for sale and the social inequality that is marked through its acquisition is shown, taking into account only its economic dimension, which is affected according to its dimensions, location and the means to its financing. For this, 28 subdivisions that where identified had new homes for sale are analyzed, between May 2020 and April 2021, in Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico. This shows cuts in the city, which occur between spatial fractures and social disparity, which are evident from the type of housing and its costs in the real estate market.

Resumen La vivienda deja muestra de contextos diferenciados en los que se vive la ciudad; su tamaño, forma y ubicación, según su tipología, son los referentes iniciales de los costos en el mercado y, por ende, del poder económico de quienes las adquieren. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo principal dejar a la vista una cartografía de la vivienda en la ciudad, donde se muestre la forma urbana configurada a partir de la vivienda nueva a la venta y la desigualdad social que se marca a través de su adquisición. Se considera únicamente su dimensión económica, viéndose afectada según sus dimensiones, ubicación y los medios para su financiamiento. Para ello, fueron analizados 28 fraccionamientos identificados por contar con vivienda nueva a la venta, entre mayo del 2020 y abril del 2021, en Pachuca, Hidalgo, México. Lo anterior deja muestra de recortes en la ciudad, dados entre las fracturas espaciales y la disparidad social, y evidenciados a partir de la tipología de la vivienda y sus costos en el mercado inmobiliario.

BACKGROUND: Despite inpatient rehabilitation many stroke survivors struggle with community reintegration on returning home. The environment to which the stroke survivor returns affects and may limit participation in home and community-based activities. AIM: To describe stroke survivors' lived experiences of the environmental barriers and facilitators to community reintegration in an under resourced urban metropolitan sub-district in the Western Cape, South Africa. METHODS: A descriptive, qualitative study design with a phenomenological emphasis used semi-structured interviews to collect the data from purposefully selected stroke survivors who had been discharged for more than one year following inpatient rehabilitation. Supporting data were collected from interviews with two occupational therapists providing rehabilitation services to the stroke survivors. Deductive priori coding of semi-structured interviews with 11 stroke survivors, based on the environment subsystems described in the Person-Environment-Occupation-Performance (PEOP) model explored the barriers and facilitators to their community reintegration. FINDINGS: Of the six environmental sub systems in the PEOP model the systems and policy, access to information and health education, social determinants of health in the form of poor rehabilitation planning and loss of income as well as the built and natural environment presented the greatest barriers to the stroke survivor participants' community reintegration. However, reintegration was facilitated by social support and social capital, social determinants of health in the form of support groups as well as assistive technologies. CONCLUSION: Community reintegration continues to be a challenge for stroke survivors in an under-resourced urban sub-district due to environmental barriers associated with factors such as poor social support, inadequate implementation of policies and systems, poor compliance with home programmes, low socioeconomic status, poor access within the built and natural environment and inappropriate assistive devices. Several facilitators that occupational therapists can focus on to enable community reintegration included ensuring effective social support, access to community-based organisations, the introduction of home visits and provision of appropriate assistive devices. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE All stroke survivors must receive a comprehensive discharge plan to facilitate adequate access to continued rehabilitation and support for successful community reintegration. • There must be a specific referral to primary health care rehabilitation services on discharge from hospital. • Occupational therapists at community level have the responsibility to: o advocate for, or assist stroke survivors to self-advocate, the removal of inter-sectoral environmental barriers that limit their community reintegration and community participation, o where possible provide services in the home and involve midlevel workers when conducting home visits to enable successful reintegration into the home and resumption of occupational roles where possible, o look to other resources in their community that can assist in facilitating the community reintegration of stroke survivors to enable access to health, education, productive activities, and social and leisure participation opportunities, o improve their collaboration with the communities that they service.

Resumen: El propósito de este artículo consiste en ofrecer evidencia empírica sobre las características de la dinámica demográfica y de la expansión física del desarrollo urbano en México entre 1990 y 2020, con el fin de identificar patrones de forma urbana y de contribuir al debate sobre la configuración compacta o dispersa del crecimiento. La pregunta general es si la urbanización contemporánea en México ha sido compacta o dispersa. Para lograr dicho propósito y contestar el cuestionamiento, se utiliza información estadística y cartográfica de los censos de población y vivienda. La conclusión general es que en México coexisten ciudades compactas y ciudades dispersas. En el marco de un descenso en la dinámica demográfica del país, la participación de la población que reside en asentamientos discontinuos se incrementó de manera discreta, indicador de la urbanización dispersa, además de que la densidad de población aumentó marginalmente, indicador de la urbanización compacta. Estos resultados matizan el patrón concentrado o disperso de la urbanización en México. La organización intraurbana e intrametropolitana de la población ha estado estrechamente relacionada con las modalidades del mercado urbano de vivienda y ha tenido efecto en el funcionamiento de los mercados urbanos de trabajo y de transporte.

Abstract: The purpose of this article is to offer empirical evidence on the characteristics of demographic dynamics and physical expansion of urban development in Mexico between 1990 and 2020, in order to identify patterns of urban form and to contribute to the debate on the compact urban growth or sprawl. The general question is whether contemporary urbanization in Mexico has been compact or dispersed. To achieve this purpose and to answer the question, statistical and cartographic information from population and housing censuses are used. The general conclusion is that cities with compact or sprawl pattern coexist in Mexico. In the context of a decline in the country’s demographic dynamics, the share of the population residing in discontinuous settlements increased discreetly, an indicator of sprawl, and population density increased marginally, an indicator of compact urbanization. These results confirm the concentrated or sprawl pattern of urbanization in Mexico, where the intra-urban and intra-metropolitan organization of the population has been closely linked to the patterns of the urban housing market and has had an effect on the performance of urban labour and transport markets.

Resumo: A Paisagem Linguística, área de pesquisa relativamente recente, trata da forma escrita das línguas visível no espaço público. A metodologia de coleta de dados engloba fotografar e documentar os diferentes tipos de suporte, de línguas e suas funções no espaço urbano. As pesquisas em Paisagem Linguística geralmente consideram a presença simultânea de várias línguas ou variedades e sua relação umas com as outras, porém, dentro da abordagem denominada Spot German , não necessariamente utilizada com fins acadêmicos, a coleta de dados pode ser realizada com um objetivo específico, sem documentação de todos os sinais visíveis. Assim, neste artigo, discorro sobre as características, definições e diferenças entre as abordagens e apresento brevemente as possíveis fontes de coleta de dados com base em pesquisas realizadas em diversos países. Além disso, trago como exemplo de aplicação a língua alemã em sua relação com o espaço próximo a um colégio alemão e sua possível influência na paisagem linguística da cidade na qual se encontra. Por fim, apresento possibilidades pedagógicas para explorar a paisagem linguística no ensino de línguas, que oferece oportunidade de investigar a relação da cidade e das pessoas com as línguas do entorno, da mesma forma que apresenta inúmeras entradas para exploração didática. Resumo recente público suporte urbano outras porém acadêmicos específico visíveis Assim artigo características países disso encontra fim entorno didática

Abstract: The Linguistic Landscape, a relatively recent area of research, deals with the visible written form of languages in public space. The methodology of data collection involves photographing and documenting the distinct types of support, languages and their functions in urban space. Linguistic Landscape research usually considers the simultaneous presence of several languages or varieties and their relation to each other. However, within the so-called Spot German approach, not necessarily used for academic purposes, data collection can be carried out for a specific purpose, without documenting all visible signs. In this article, I discuss the characteristics, definitions, and differences between the approaches and briefly present the possible sources of data collection based on research conducted in different countries. In addition, I present as an example of application the case of the German language in its relation to the space near a German school and its influence on the linguistic landscape of the city in which it is located. Finally, I present pedagogical possibilities for exploring the linguistic landscape in language teaching, as it offers the opportunity to investigate the relationship of the city and people with the languages in their surroundings, as well as presenting numerous entries for didactic exploration. Abstract support other However socalled so called approach purposes purpose signs article characteristics definitions countries addition located Finally teaching surroundings exploration

Abstract The article addresses the relationship between creative activities and urban space through a comparative perspective between two neighborhoods, renowned for their creative dynamics, located in two Brazilian metropolises: Botafogo (Rio de Janeiro) and Santa Tereza (Belo Horizonte). The objective is to analyze how social, economic, cultural, institutional and urban characteristics shape the development of creative economy in these neighborhoods, engendering districts marked by agglomerations of firms and creative workers. Based on literature on productive clusters and cultural quarters, we developed a framework with nine categories: origin; evolutionary trajectory; connections; relational density; activities; built form; meaning; conflicts; and governance. The qualitative methodological procedures of this research included semi-structured interviews with entrepreneurs, professionals, and public managers and urban landscape photographic analysis. Botafogo and Santa Tereza are old neighborhoods in Rio de Janeiro and Belo Horizonte and both stand out in the creative ecosystem of their cities. However, the flourishing processes of their creative activities are different, since Santa Tereza has greater historical and symbolic recognition than Botafogo, which went through a more recent process of development of these activities due to its social and economic characteristics. The obtained results show that cultural and creative districts can be developed by different processes and that governance mechanisms need to be improved to mediate some conflicts in favor of the sustainability of the cultural quarters. Finally, we hope to contribute to urban planning and creative economy development.

Abstract: The unplanned and fragmented urban development of cities has caused them to be responsible for most of the planet's unsustainable development. Urban sustainability emerges as a response to this imbalance. Throughout its history, Guayaquil has shown unplanned urban growth that has continuously degraded its natural resources, such as forests and estuaries. The present research aims to evaluate the level of sustainability resulting from such change at the neighborhood level in Guayaquil. The study analyzes urban indicators of six representative neighbourhoods of the city regarding socioeconomic and historical factors. Thus, indicators were analyzed with respect to form, diversity, mobility, and environmental quality. The methodology includes an analysis for selecting variables, a study of the neighbourhoods' morphology using geo-portal map and information gathering through field studies and data processing. The results allow inferring the variables' influence on the sustainability level of each analyzed neighbourhood and how density, diversity and environmental quality play a vital role in developing greater sustainability at the neighbourhood and city levels.

Resumen: El desarrollo urbano no planificado y fragmentado de las ciudades ha ocasionado que estas sean responsables de la mayor parte del desarrollo no sustentable del planeta. La sostenibilidad urbana surge como medida de respuesta ante esta descompensación. La ciudad de Guayaquil presenta a lo largo de su historia un crecimiento urbano no planificado que continuamente ha degradado sus recursos naturales, como bosques y esteros. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo evaluar el nivel de sostenibilidad resultante de tal crecimiento a nivel barrial en Guayaquil. El estudio analiza indicadores urbanos de seis barrios representativos de la ciudad en cuanto a factores socioeconómicos e históricos. Se analizaron indicadores con respecto a la forma, diversidad, movilidad y calidad ambiental. La metodología utilizada recoge un análisis para la selección de variables, estudio de la morfología de los barrios realizada por medio de mapas de geo portales, relevamiento de información a través de estudio de campo y procesamiento de datos. Los resultados permiten inferir la influencia de las variables en el nivel de sostenibilidad de cada uno de los barrios analizados y como la densidad, la diversidad y calidad ambiental desempeñan un papel primordial en el desarrollo de una mayor sostenibilidad a nivel barrial y de ciudad.

Summary This contribution is part of the urban ethnobotany research line whose main objective is to study botanical knowledge in the urban and peri-urban environment. This work is oriented to know the ethnospecies (which include plant species and local botanical varieties) used by the Bolivian families of the La Plata horticultural belt for the elaboration of their typical/daily dishes. Six fairs and 22 vegetable and fruit sales stalls in the urban area were surveyed, three of which concentrate the largest number of registered ethnospecies: Solanaceae (13), Cucurbitaceae (8) and Brassicaceae (6); along with the part of the plant that is commercialized, being the fresh fruits in bulk the predominant form (59%). This contribution expands knowledge of the diet of migrants, the uses and adaptation of their gastronomy. In conclusion, the sellers reported that they use all the ethnospecies that they sell in their daily cooking, fulfilling an important role within their home, as well as their crops that increase the local agrobiodiversity.

Resumen Esta contribución se enmarca dentro de la línea de investigación de la etnobotánica urbana que tiene como principal objetivo estudiar el conocimiento botánico en el ámbito urbano y periurbano. Este trabajo está orientado a conocer las etnoespecies (que incluyen especies vegetales y variedades botánicas locales) utilizadas por las familias bolivianas del cinturón hortícola de La Plata para la elaboración de sus platos típicos/cotidianos. El relevamiento se realizó en 6 ferias y 22 puestos de venta de hortalizas y frutas en el ámbito urbano, a partir de estos se realizaron 10 entrevistas abiertas y semiestructuradas a los vendedores/productores bolivianos en sus sitios de venta. Como resultado se identificaron 61 etnoespecies pertenecientes a 16 familias botánicas, tres de las cuales concentran la mayor cantidad de etnoespecies registradas: Solanaceae (13), Cucurbitaceae (8) y Brassicaceae (6); junto a la parte de la planta que se comercializa, siendo los frutos frescos a granel la forma predominante (59%). Esta contribución amplía el conocimiento de la dieta de los migrantes, los usos y la adaptación de su gastronomía. En conclusión, los vendedores informaron que emplean todas las etnoespecies que comercializan en su cocina diaria cumpliendo un rol importante dentro de su hogar, como así también sus cultivos que aumentan la agrobiodiversidad local.

Abstract Objective: Carried out a structural analysis to identify the variables that intervene in the strengthening of the short food supply chains in the Metropolitan Area of Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico (ZMX). Methodology: A descriptive and correlational research was carried out, with a mixed approach, semi-structured interviews Results: The SFSC identified in the ZMX were characterized according to the type of proximity, temporality, type of production, size, form of organization, validity, type of initiative, the origin of the products, pricing strategy, and communication strategy with the consumers. In addition, it was identified that the key variables for the strengthening of the CCC in the ZMX are agroecological production, consumer education, governance, and diversity in the supply of local products. Limitations: The particularities of the context and the social actors generate constant changes in the development of the SFSC, for which reason the research registers a specific time. Conclusions: The SFSC plays a relevant role in territorial development, mainly for the link between the urban and peri-urban areas of the ZMX. Multi-stakeholder participation is important for its strengthening, and this can be linked to public program strategies that facilitate the creation and consolidation of SFSC in the region.

Resumen Objetivo: Realizar un análisis estructural para identificar las variables que intervienen en el fortalecimiento de los Circuitos Cortos de Comercialización (CCC) en la Zona Metropolitana de Xalapa (ZMX), México. Metodología: Investigación de tipo descriptiva y correlacional, con un enfoque mixto, entrevistas semiestructuradas Resultados: Se caracterizaron los CCC identificados en la ZMX de acuerdo con el tipo de proximidad, producción e iniciativa, temporalidad, tamaño, forma de organización, vigencia, procedencia de los productos, estrategia de fijación de precios y estrategia de comunicación con los consumidores. Se identificó que las variables clave para el fortalecimiento de los CCC en la ZMX son producción agroecológica, educación al consumidor, gobernanza y diversidad en la oferta de productos locales. Limitaciones: Las particularidades del contexto y de los actores sociales, generan cambios constantes en el desarrollo de los CCC, por lo que la investigación registra un periodo específico de tiempo. Conclusiones: Los CCC juegan un rol relevante en el desarrollo territorial, principalmente para la vinculación entre las áreas urbanas y periurbanas de la ZMX. La participación multiactoral es importante para su fortalecimiento y esta puede estar vinculada con estrategias de programas públicos que faciliten la creación y afianzamiento de los CCC en la región.

Abstract The text deals with the archaeological city of Pompeii that is included in the UNESCO World Heritage List; in 2023, it reached 4 million visitors. The ancient city is studied because of its formal rather than documentary qualities, which highlight a close relationship between the form of the house, the form of the insula and the general form of the city. As part of a recent urbanization, Pompeii raises some problems of use not only due to its fragility but also the inadequate accessibility system. In recent decades, important projects have been focused on the southern edge of the archaeological enclosure; they have been carried out by Renzo Piano and Peter Eisenman among others. They are related to the hypothesis grounded on the increasing of flows through the infrastructure strengthening that links Pompeii to Naples and from here to many other locations. A more recent hypothesis, however, developed by the authors during an international workshop, attempts to restore an essentially architectural dignity to the southern access system as well as to work on the area in-between the ancient and the contemporary city to ensure better services for tourists and return some public spaces to the inhabitants.

Resumen El ensayo trata sobre la ciudad arqueológica de Pompeya, sitio incluido en la lista del Patrimonio Mundial de la UNESCO que, en el año 2023, alcanzó los 4 millones de visitantes. La ciudad antigua se examina por sus cualidades formales, más que documentales, que resaltan una estrecha relación entre la forma de la casa, la forma de la ínsula y la forma general de la ciudad. Inmersa en una urbanización reciente, Pompeya plantea algunos problemas de uso no sólo por la fragilidad del lugar sino también por el sistema de accesibilidad inadecuado. En las últimas décadas, en el borde sur del recinto arqueológico se han concentrado importantes proyectos –de Renzo Piano y Peter Eisenman, entre otros–, ligados a la hipótesis de un aumento de los flujos mediante el refuerzo de la infraestructura que une Pompeya con Nápoles y de aquí con otras ubicaciones. Sin embargo, una hipótesis de diseño reciente, desarrollada por los autores con motivo de un taller internacional, intenta devolver una dignidad principalmente arquitectónica al sistema de acceso sur y trabajar en el área entre la ciudad antigua y contemporánea para garantizar mejores servicios para turistas, pero también para devolver algunos espacios públicos a los habitantes.

Abstract The gentrification, a social-territorial change by economic investment, is present in Analco’s neighborhood, Puebla. The Faculty of Architecture of the Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, through the project Casa Analco, studies this phenomenon to preserve historic heritage in the face of the gentrifying threat. Strategies such as strengthening social networks and promoting the social economy aim to integrate through community development, fostering identity and resistance to preserve the material and immaterial heritage of the neighborhood. The objective of this descriptive work is to identify the values of the solidarity economy carried out by Casa Analco and the Center for Urban Research and Management, and how the project can contribute to resistance against gentrification in the study area.

Resumen La gentrificación, cambio socioterritorial por inversión de capital, se manifiesta en el Barrio de Analco, Puebla. La Facultad de Arquitectura de la Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, a través del proyecto Casa Analco, estudia este fenómeno para preservar el patrimonio ante la amenaza gentrificadora. Estrategias como fortalecer redes sociales y promover la economía solidaria, buscan integrarse por medio del desarrollo comunitario, fomentando identidad y resistencia para preservar el patrimonio material e inmaterial del barrio. El objetivo de este trabajo descriptivo es identificar los valores de economía solidaria a cargo de Casa Analco y del Centro de Investigación y Gestión Urbana, y cómo el proyecto puede contribuir a la resistencia de la gentrificación en el barrio de estudio.

Resumen El presente artículo analiza la crónica urbana “’Skating ring’ al aire libre” de Rubén Darío, publicada por primera vez en septiembre de 1910 en el diario La Nación de Buenos Aires, en una sección que se tituló “Films de París”. Pocos años después, formó parte del último volumen de crónicas compilado y editado en vida del autor, Todo al vuelo (1912), en un capítulo homónimo a la sección del diario de los Mitre. La crónica se centra en la inauguración de una pista de patinaje sobre ruedas en la ciudad de París y en ella se muestra esta actividad deportiva como una práctica de ocio distintiva. Desde la escritura, su autor nos invita a reflexionar sobre el género de la crónica urbana modernista de entresiglos, las nuevas formas de tiempo libre y el incipiente desarrollo de la industria cinematográfica. A través de imágenes en movimiento, Darío vincula el patinaje con la danza, por medio de la descripción detallada de los cuerpos durante el espectáculo montado en el espacio público.

Abstract This article analyzes the urban chronicle “’Skating ring’ al aire libre” by Rubén Darío, first published in September 1910 in the Buenos Aires newspaper La Nación, in a section entitled “Films de París”. A few years later, it became part of the last volume of chronicles compiled and edited during the author’s lifetime, Todo al vuelo (1912), in a chapter with the same name as the Mitre newspaper section. The chronicle focuses on the inauguration of a roller-skating rink in the city of Paris, presenting this sporting activity as a distinctive form of leisure. The author invites us to reflect on the genre of modernist urban chronicles from the turn of the century, new forms of leisure, and the early development of the film industry. Using moving images, Darío connects skating with dance, offering detailed descriptions of bodies during the performance staged in the public space.