ABSTRACT The objective of this research was to determine how beneficiaries of the Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS) perceive the universal health care reform project in terms of the variables of financing and provision of services in the city of San Luis Potosí, Mexico. The study was carried out under a quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional, descriptive, and correlational methodological approach, applying a questionnaire to a stratified sample of 384 IMSS beneficiaries. Although the results highlight the low knowledge of the aspects of the reform project towards the universality of health services, users confirm the need for changes in the current health system and their willingness to make an additional contribution conditioned to the improvement of the service. The conclusions highlight some progress in the migration towards a universal health system, although there is still time to get the reform approved. This work aims to contribute to the existing literature by offering practical reflections that support the design and implementation of public policies in the health sector.

RESUMEN El objetivo de esta investigación consistió en determinar cómo perciben los derechohabientes del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS) el proyecto de reforma de universalización de salud en cuanto a las variables financiamiento y prestación de servicios en la ciudad de San Luis Potosí, México. El estudio se ejecutó bajo un enfoque metodológico cuantitativo, no experimental, transversal, descriptivo y correlacional, aplicando un cuestionario a una muestra estratificada de 384 derechohabientes del IMSS. Si bien los resultados destacan el bajo conocimiento de los aspectos del proyecto de reforma hacia la universalidad de los servicios de salud, los usuarios confirman la necesidad de cambios en el sistema de salud actual y su disposición para realizar una aportación adicional condicionada a la mejora del servicio. Las conclusiones resaltan algunos avances en la migración hacia un sistema de salud universal, aunque todavía falta tiempo para lograr la aprobación de la reforma. Este trabajo pretende contribuir a la literatura existente ofreciendo reflexiones prácticas que sustenten el diseño e implementación de políticas públicas del sector salud.

Abstract Peace education aims to influence the development of a healthy and peaceful coexistence, both in the classroom and in other broader social structures such as the family and the local and global community; It also involves motivating students to understand human rights, multiculturalism and conflict management. The funds of knowledge applied to education constitute a theoretical and methodological approach that values a nd takes into account the experiences and knowledge of families to enrich the design and implementation of sensitive and contextualized educational practices. Here we delve into the importance of implementing funds of knowledge in teaching practices as an approach that promotes peace, because it is based on the principles of inclusion, equity, participation, democracy, solidarity and respect for human rights. The funds of knowledge approach constitutes a contribution to socially just and culturally relevant education that promotes peace because, to live peacefully in a society where people of different cultures, ethnicities, ideologies and languages converge, it is important to live the experience of recognizing, value and respect diversity as the axis that drives the well-being of people and communities.

Resumen La educación para la paz tiene como objetivo incidir en el desarrollo de una convivencia sana y pacífica, tanto en el aula como en otras estructuras sociales más amplias como la familia y la comunidad local y global; implica, además, motivar a los estudiantes a comprender los derechos humanos, la multiculturalidad y el manejo de conflictos. Los fondos de conocimiento aplicados a la educación constituyen un enfoque teórico y metodológico que valora y toma en cuenta las experiencias y conocimientos de las familias para enriquecer el diseño e implementación de prácticas educativas sensibles y contextualizadas. Aquí se profundiza en la importancia de la implementación de los fondos de conocimiento en las prácticas docentes como un enfoque que promueve la paz, porque se basa en los principios de inclusión, equidad, participación, democracia, solidaridad y respeto a los derechos humanos. El enfoque de fondos de conocimiento constituye un aporte a la educación socialmente justa y culturalmente relevante que promueve la paz porque, para convivir de forma pacífica en una sociedad donde convergen personas de diferentes culturas, etnias, ideologías e idiomas, es importante vivir la experiencia de reconocer, valorar y respetar la diversidad como eje que impulsa el bienestar de las personas y las comunidades.

ABSTRACT: In this article, a systematic and integrative review is presented, investigating Brazilian studies on the utilization of Universal Design for Learning (UDL) in Elementary Education, with an emphasis on inclusion and mathematical didactic practices, from 2018 to 2022. The findings were analyzed and synthesized, deepening the understanding in this research area. The importance of developing inclusive didactic practices and using accessible resources as essential strategies to ensure access to mathematical knowledge and provide equitable and affective education is highlighted. Considering the scarcity of studies focused on the proposed objective, it underscores the need for comprehensive research on the implementation of UDL in mathematics education to promote the inclusion of each student.

RESUMO: Neste artigo, é apresentada uma revisão sistemática e integrativa que investigou estudos brasileiros sobre o uso do Desenho Universal para Aprendizagem (DUA) no Ensino Fundamental, com ênfase na inclusão e práticas didáticas de Matemática, no período de 2018 a 2022. Foram analisados e sintetizados os resultados encontrados, aprofundando o entendimento nessa área de pesquisa. É destacada a importância do desenvolvimento de práticas didáticas inclusivas e do uso de recursos acessíveis como estratégias essenciais para garantir o acesso ao conhecimento matemático e proporcionar uma educação equitativa e afetiva. Observada a escassez de estudos voltados para o objetivo proposto, evidencia-se a necessidade de pesquisas abrangentes sobre a implementação do DUA no ensino de Matemática para promover a inclusão de cada um dos estudantes.

RESUMEN Introducción: Paraguay asumió el reto de lograr cobertura universal mediante redes basadas en Atención Primaria de la Salud con Unidades de Salud de la Familia (USF) en el primer nivel de atención. Un desafío es la atención integral ante enfermedades no transmisibles, principal causa de mortalidad en el país. Objetivo: analizar la capacidad de las USF para la atención de personas con hipertensión arterial y diabetes en el sistema nacional de salud. El diseño fue no experimental, cuantitativo, transversal, descriptivo con componente analítico. Metodología: Incluyó a 761 USF de 12 regiones sanitarias agrupados en 4 ejes territoriales. Se adaptó el método de evaluación SARA de la OMS con 75 variables, aplicando un cuestionario a profesionales de salud entre noviembre y diciembre de 2022. Se calculó índices de disponibilidad y preparación así como un índice que los integra. La medida continua de estos índices se categorizó en 3 grupos: suficiente >0,75 a 1; intermedio 0,5 a 0,75 y bajo <0,5. Resultados: Solo en el 38 % de las USF el índice de disponibilidad fue suficiente, en el 31,5 % para el índice de preparación y en el 31,1 % para el índice integrador SARA DM/HTA. El desempeño se asoció de forma significativa con el eje territorial no así con el área ni con la cobertura a población indígena Discusión: las USF presentaron limitaciones para la atención de personas con diabetes e hipertensión en estas regiones del país.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Paraguay assumed the challenge of achieving universal coverage through networks based on Primary Health Care with Family Health Units (USF) at the first level of care. One challenge is comprehensive care for non-communicable diseases, the main cause of mortality in the country. Objective: to analyze the capacity of the USF to care for people with high blood pressure and diabetes in the national health system. The design was non-experimental, quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive with an analytical component. Methods: It included 761 USF from 12 health regions grouped into 4 territorial axes. The WHO SARA evaluation method was adapted with 75 variables, applying a questionnaire to health professionals between November and December 2022. Availability and preparation indices were calculated as well as an index that integrates them. The continuous measurement of these indices was categorized into 3 groups: sufficient >0.75 to 1; intermediate 0.5 to 0.75 and low <0.5. Results: Only in 38.0% of the USF the availability index was sufficient, in 31.5% for the readiness index and in 31.1% for the SARA DM/HTA integrating index. The performance was significantly associated with the territorial axis, but not with the area or with the coverage of the indigenous population. Discussion: the USF presented limitations for the care of people with diabetes and hypertension in these regions of the country.

Resumo O Desenho Universal para a Aprendizagem (DUA) foi sistematizado recentemente na universidade internacional, como uma proposta que se baseia em uma estrutura educacional que aborda a diversidade dentro da sala de aula e as características que tipificam a maneira como cada aluno aprende, porque se ajusta a ferramentas neurocognitivas e as TIC's, como parte contemporânea dos processos de ensino-aprendizagem. No Equador, há contribuições que avançam para a oportunidade de implementar este modelo dentro das universidades, no entanto, a pesquisa e a entrevista com diretores e professores denotaram que, independentemente, existem potencialidades e instalações na Universidade de Guayaquil para sua implementação, é levado em consideração é praticamente nulo. Por esse motivo, propõe-se uma análise dos aspectos que facilitam ou impedem a implementação do DUA no nível da Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências da Educação da Universidade de Guayaquil.

Resumen Recientemente se ha sistematizado en la universidad internacional el Diseño Universal para el Aprendizaje (DUA), como una propuesta que se basa en un marco educativo que para atender la diversidad al interior del aula y las características que tipifican en cada estudiante su manera de aprender, pues se ajusta a herramientas neurocognitivas y de las TIC’s, como parte contemporánea de los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje. En Ecuador hay aportes que avanzan hacia la oportunidad de implementar este modelo al interior de las universidades, no obstante la encuesta y la entrevista a directivos y docentes denotó que independientemente existen potencialidades y facilidades en la Universidad de Guayaquil para su implementación, su tenida en cuenta es prácticamente nula. Es por ello, que se propone un análisis de los aspectos que facilitan o impiden la implementación del DUA a nivel de la Facultad de Filosofía, Letras y Ciencias de la Educación de la Universidad de Guayaquil.

Resumen Recientemente se ha sistematizado en la universidad internacional el Diseño Universal para el Aprendizaje (DUA), como una propuesta que se basa en un marco educativo que para atender la diversidad al interior del aula y las características que tipifican en cada estudiante su manera de aprender, pues se ajusta a herramientas neurocognitivas y de las TIC’s, como parte contemporánea de los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje. En Ecuador hay aportes que avanzan hacia la oportunidad de implementar este modelo al interior de las universidades, no obstante la encuesta y la entrevista a directivos y docentes denotó que independientemente existen potencialidades y facilidades en la Universidad de Guayaquil para su implementación, su tenida en cuenta es prácticamente nula. Es por ello, que se propone un análisis de los aspectos que facilitan o impiden la implementación del DUA a nivel de la Facultad de Filosofía, Letras y Ciencias de la Educación de la Universidad de Guayaquil.

In this contribution, I aim to make sense of the (somewhat) uncommon and disturbing phenomenon of maternal filicide within a broader context of the so-called neglected discourse of the mother in the West. Contemporary examples of countries where maternal filicide have been recorded are Germany, South Africa, the United States and New Zealand and these instances are recounted in the introduction to illustrate the cross-cultural and transnational nature of the problem, as well as the fact that its universal appearance allows for a justifiable feminist methodology. In order to justify a cross-cultural methodological angle, I analyse four recent examples or case studies of maternal filicide in an attempt to isolate the underlying factors contributing to this horrific social phenomenon. My conclusion is that although structural realities (material and/or emotional bereftness) were the major or ultimate reasons which led to the final decision to execute, it is (neoliberal) patriarchy, and the values ensconced within this framework, that ultimately set the stage for the countdown. Apart from my brief investigation of Kristeva's (2002b) notion of abjection, in order to grasp her thinking in the context of an especially Western feminist paradigm, I also consider other theoretical models in this regard. This is an important consideration since it is in my view difficult to understand the construct of motherhood without the benefit of a wider appreciation of a general scholarship on the topic. My intention is to critically assess the myths about the social construct of motherhood, namely that such construct is in no way "natural" in the sense in which patriarchy would have us believe. These additional theoretical suggestions include a feminist appreciation of the fractured mother-daughter relationship and Hrdy's (2000) insight that women's unbounded, prehistoric sexuality had been repurposed in order to refashion motherhood as "natural". In particular, I argue, by analogy of Blumberg's (2009) notion of freaks in evolutionary biology, that the social construct of motherhood and areas of exhaustion in such a biology, evince structural similarities; since patriarchal forms of oppression force women as mothers to operate outside the boundaries of conventional social norms. I tender these considerations with the aim of reaching a more nuanced understanding of the concept of motherhood's political and ideological underpinnings. As such, I employ a feminist methodology within a transnational theoretical framework in view of motherhood being a cross-cultural phenomenon. Even though a number of theoretical trajectories are considered and employed, I argue that this approach is in fact one of the strengths of this contribution since the proliferation of feminist theoretical perspectives has been seen as being conducive to the feminist project's open-endedness, rather than patriarchy's attempt to close off the debate, as my analogous exploration of the historical course of motherhood demonstrates. I argue that this phenomenon can only be understood properly within the wider context of motherhood as a cultural, political and ideological construct with nuanced and complicated underpinnings. In this way, an indirect approach is likely to show up insights which a direct method would miss or underappreciate. I reach the conclusion that maternal filicide, significantly even as transnational, cross-cultural phenomenon, finds credible explanation in Blumberg's (2009) concept of evolutionary exhaustion. I further argue that the neglect of discourse on the mother, as Kristeva (1982) presciently pointed out, is by design, since the alternative, its proliferation, could and almost certainly would lead to the demise of m/otherhood.

In hierdie bydrae poog ek om sin te maak van die verontrustende verskynsel van kindermoord deur die moeder binne die breër konteks van die verwaarloosde diskoers oor die moeder in die Weste. Afgesien van my vlugtige naspeuring van Kristeva (2002b) se begrip van abjeksie, ondersoek ek ook ander teoretiese voorstelle in hierdie verband. Ek beoog om die mite van 'n vanselfsprekende moederskapsinstink krities te beoordeel, naamlik dat dit geensins natuurlik van aard is nie. Hierdie aanvullende teoretiese voorstelle dui op 'n feministiese invalshoek en Hrdy (2000) se insig dat vroue se prehistoriese ongebonde seksualiteit geherkanaliseer is ten einde moederskap as "natuurlik" weer te gee. Ek speur hierdie motiverings na ten einde 'n meer genuanseerde begrip van sodanige politieke en ideologiese onderbou te bereik. Ek wend my dus tot 'n feministiese metodologie en, gesien in die lig van die kruiskulturele strekking van die begrip moederskap, begrond ek my benadering op 'n sodanige onderbou. Ten einde 'n kruiskulturele raamwerk te regverdig, ontleed ek vier onlangse voorbeelde van kindermoord deur die moeder soos wat die verskynsel in verskillende kulture afgespeel het. Aangesien kindermoord deur die moeder 'n kruiskulturele verskynsel is, betoog ek dat transnasionale teorie waardevol is vir 'n ontplooiing van en besinning oor hierdie aangrypende en ontstellende verskynsel. Die gevolgtrekking waartoe ek kom, is dat kindermoord deur die moeder beduidend aansluiting vind by Blumberg (2009) se begrip evolusionêre uitputting en ek betoog dat die verwaarlosing van die diskoers oor die moeder, soos Kristeva (1982) ook indirek aandui, opsetlik is, aangesien dit andersins aanleiding sou kon gee tot 'n beëindiging van moederskap as 'n praktykinstelling. It is a beleaguered time for those of us who believe in the right of intellectuals, artists and ordinary, affronted citizens to push boundaries and take risks and so, at times, to change the way we see the world. - Salman Rushdie (2021:219)

Reading is regarded as one of the basic learning processes that provides multiple skills and abilities for daily life. The study reported on here arose from evidence of reading comprehension difficulties of middle school students in Colombia, and from reflection on the didactic strategies used for the promotion and teaching of reading. The purpose of this research was to strengthen students' reading comprehension by taking advantage of the benefits of Easy-to-Read in the context of a methodology applied in Universal Design for Learning. The methodology was centred on the critical social paradigm, and the type of research was mixed with a design based on action research. The instruments used included non-participant observation, online questionnaire, standardised testing and a survey. The pedagogical proposal "Easy Reading" was designed and implemented to show progress in the students' reading comprehension skills, meeting the objectives set.

Abstract In the design of a High Complexity Visual Identity System, the use and application of a repertoire of secondary identifiers gives value to the identity itself. The application of two-dimensional frames applied to three-dimensional spaces effectively impacts the identity of the company, redefining the Visual System itself, turning the architectural space into a corporate signage milestone within the Three-Dimensional Program. Currently, recognized clothing brands resort to mastering two-dimensional space with the aim of becoming universal graphic symbols with high power of remembrance within an urban space.

Resumen En el diseño de un Sistema de Identidad Visual de Alta Complejidad, el uso y aplicación de un repertorio de identificadores secundarios otorga valor a la identidad misma. La aplicación de tramas bidimensionales aplicadas a espacios tridimensionales impacta eficazmente en la identidad de la empresa, resignificando el propio Sistema Visual convirtiendo al espacio arquitectónico en un hito señalético corporativo dentro del Programa Tridimensional. Actualmente, marcas de Indumentaria reconocidas, recurren al dominio del espacio bitridimensional con el objetivo de convertirse en símbolos gráficos universales de alto poder de recordación dentro de un espacio urbano.

Resumo Na concepção de um Sistema de Identidade Visual de Alta Complexidade, a utilização e aplicação de um repertório de identificadores secundários valoriza a própria identidade. A aplicação de molduras bidimensionais aplicadas a espaços tridimensionais impactam efetivamente a identidade da empresa, redefinindo o próprio Sistema Visual, tornando o espaço arquitetônico um marco da sinalização corporativa dentro do Programa Tridimensional. Atualmente, marcas de vestuário reconhecidas recorrem ao domínio do espaço bidimensional com o objetivo de se tornarem símbolos gráficos universais com alto poder de lembrança dentro de um espaço urbano.

Abstract Conflict is intrinsic to human societies, and its effects led to agreements such as the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which recognizes rights as the basis for freedom, justice, and peace. This research approaches the analysis of the conflict associated with the symbolic dimension in peace-building territories through the study of 6 cases of secondary information sources, evaluated in 3 categories of variables: statistical, socio-demographic, symbolic, to compare/contrast the elements of convergence and divergence during the processes of construction, resignification and destructuring of symbols in the collective memory. The research allows us to recognize how the symbolic dimension is a determining factor in the construction of identity in these territories.

Resumen El conflicto es intrínseco a las sociedades humanas y sus efectos condujeron a acuerdos como la Declaración Universal de Derechos Humanos de 1948, que reconoce los derechos como base de libertad, justicia y paz. Esta investigación realiza una aproximación al análisis del conflicto asociado a la dimensión simbólica en territorios de construcción de paz, a través del estudio de 6 casos de fuentes de información secundaria, evaluados en 3 categorías de variables: estadística, sociodemográfica y simbólica, con el fin de comparar/contrastar los elementos de convergencia y divergencia durante los procesos de construcción, resignificación y desestructuración de símbolos en la memoria colectiva. La investigación permite reconocer cómo la dimensión simbólica es un factor determinante en la construcción de identidad en estos territorios.

Resumo O conflito é intrínseco às sociedades humanas e seus efeitos levaram a acordos como a Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos de 1948, que reconhece os direitos como base da liberdade, da justiça e da paz. Esta pesquisa faz uma abordagem à análise do conflito associado à dimensão simbólica em territórios pacificadores, através do estudo de 6 casos de fontes secundárias de informação, avaliadas em 3 categorias de variáveis: estatísticas, sociodemográficas e simbólicas, a fim de comparar / contrastar os elementos de convergência e divergência durante os processos de construção, ressignificação e desestruturação dos símbolos na memória coletiva. A pesquisa permite reconhecer como a dimensão simbólica é um fator determinante na construção da identidade nesses territórios.

RESUMO Embora fraturas e lascamento de restauragoes vitrocerámicas sejam comuns, alguns casos podem ser reparados com compósito direto. Objetivo investigar o efeito da interagao de diferentes formas e tratamentos de superficie na carga de ruptura de uma vitrocerámica reforgada com dissilicato de litio reparada com compósito nanoparticulado. Materials e Método A superficie superior de espécimes de vitroceramica (IPS e.max Press, Ivoclar Vivadent) foi preparada com tres formas (plana, plato único, ou duplo) e recebeu (n=11): ‘nenhum tratamento’, ‘condicionamento com ácido hidrofluoridrico 5%’, ou ‘jateamento com AfOf. Ambos espécimes condicionados e jateados receberam silano e adesivo universal. Todos os espécimes foram reparados incrementalmente com compósito (Filtek Z350, 3M ESPE) até6 mm acima do plato cerámico mais alto, armazenados em saliva artificial á 37 °C por 21 dias, e submetidos á 1.000 termociclos (5 e 55 °C). A interface compósito-cerámica de cada amostra foi testada á tragao até sua falha em máquina universal e o modo de falha foi determinado com estereomicroscópio. A morfologia da superficie de uma amostra representativa de forma/tratamento de superficie foi observada através de microscopia eletronica de varredura (MEV). Resultados Independentemente da forma ceramica, a ausencia de tratamento superficial resultou em valores de carga de ruptura significativamente menores. Nao foi observada differenga significativa entre os espécimes planos condicionados ou jateados; no entanto, o condicionamento resultou em valores significativamente maiores que o jateamento para espécimes com plato único e duplo. A maioria (60%) dos espécimes condicionados e com plato único ou duplo apresentou falhas mistas. Imagens SEM demonstraram rugosidade superficial mais regular dos espécimes condicionados que os jateados. Conclusoes O tratamento superficial de uma restauragao defeituosa de vitrocerámica reforgada por dissilicato de litio tem maior influencia na retengao do reparo de compósito do que sua forma macroscópica; ainda, o condicionamento com ácido hidrofluoridrico parece proporcionar maior resistencia de uniao ao reparo com compósito.

ABSTRACT Glass ceramics are widely used to manufacture esthetic veneers, inlays, onlays, and crowns. Although the clinical survival rates ofglass-ceramic restorations arefavorable,fractures or chips are common. Certain cases can be repaired with direct composite. Aim The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction effect of different designs and surface treatments on the load-to-failure of lithium disilicate glass-ceramic repaired with nanofilled composite. Materials and Method Lithium-disilicate glass-ceramic slabs (IPS e.max Press, Ivoclar Vivadent) with three different designs of the top surface (flat, single plateau, or doubleplateau) (n=U) received ‘no treatment’, ‘5% HF etching’, or “AI2O3 sandblasting”. HF-etched and sandblasted slabs also received silane and universal one-step adhesive application. All slabs were incrementally repaired with nanofilled composite (Filtek Z350, 3M ESPE) up to6 mm above the highest ceramic top plateau. Specimens were stored in artificial saliva at 37 °C for 21 days and then subjected to 1,000 thermocycles between 5 and 55 °C. The interface composite-ceramic of each specimen was tensile tested until failure in a universal testing machine and the mode of failure was determined under a stereomicroscope. The ceramic surface morphology of one representative tested specimen from each subgroup (design/surface treatment) was observed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results Regardless of ceramic design, the absence of surface treatment resulted in significantly lower load-to-failure values. No significant differences in load-to-failure values were observed between HF-etched and sandblasted specimens for the flat design; however, HF etching resulted in significantly higher load-to-failure values than sandblasting for both single plateau and double plateau designs. The majority (60%) of HF-etched specimens with single plateau or double plateau presented mixed failures. SEM photomicrographs showed that HF-etched specimens had smoother surfaces than sandblasted specimens. Conclusion The surface treatment of a defective lithium disilicate glass-ceramic restoration has more influence than its macroscopic design on the retention of the composite repair. HF etching seems to provide higher bond strength to the composite repair.

Aim In recent years, great advances have been made in the use of CAD/CAM to prepare fixed restorations. The marginal and internal fit of these restorations is a principal determinant for their clinical success. In addition, the nature of the oral environment affects the mechanical properties of these restorations. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of aging process under conditions that simulate the oral environment on the marginal adaptation, and, fracture resistance of crowns fabricated from polyether ether ketone (PEEK) using CAD/CAM methods. Methods Twenty identical crown restorations were fabricated by using CAD/CAM methods to mill polyether ether ketone (PEEK) material. These crowns were produced by using a software design of an epoxy resin replica of the prepared maxillary first premolar tooth. All PEEK crowns were cemented and randomly divided into two equal groups (A, B). Each group was divided into subgroups (A1, A2 and B1, B2). Group A1 and A2 were used to measure marginal adaptation and fracture resistance, respectively, before aging, while group (B1 and B2) were measured after aging. The cemented crowns were mounted in resin molds to facilitate the sectioning process. The measurements of the marginal gap were performed after sectioning at four points using a stereomicroscope. The fracture resistance of the crowns was investigated using a universal testing machine. A statistical analysis was performed using the GraphPad Prism® software version and unpaired Student’s t-test. Results The results revealed that aging affected the marginal gap, and the fracture resistance of the PEEK crowns. While aging, negatively affected the conditions under investigation, however the least significant difference of marginal gap was found in the margin region. Conclusions PEEK-CAD/CAM is considered as a good alternative prosthodontic material for fixed prostheses. The CAD/CAM technique used to make PEEK crown restorations in our study offers the advantages of high marginal accuracy and fracture resistance for long-term performance in the oral environment. years CADCAM CAD CAM success addition Therefore (PEEK tooth A, (A B. B . B) A1, (A1 B1 B2. B2 respectively (B stereomicroscope machine Prism Students Student s ttest. ttest t test. test t-test investigation region PEEKCAD/CAM PEEKCADCAM prostheses longterm long term PEEKCAD

Abstract This study was designed to investigate the impact of access cavity designs on fracture resistance of endodontically treated maxillary first premolars. The study sample consisted of 72 intact maxillary first premolars, randomly divided into six groups (n = 12). A standardized proximal cavity preparation was prepared for all samples using standard bur. Groups I: control group with only standard proximal cavity and no endodontic access, group II: Truss access cavity, group III: Separated access to buccal and palatal canals without removal of dentine in between, group IV: Access to buccal and palatal canals with removal of dentine in between, group V: Traditional access cavity, group VI: Mesio-occlusal-distal cavity (MOD). For groups I and VI, only composite restoration was used to restore the proximal cavity, while for groups II- V, the access was prepared and endodontic treatment was performed on all teeth, then composite restoration was placed. The root canals were instrumented using nickel-titanium files, irrigated with sodium hypochlorite, and filled with AH plus sealer and gutta-percha using warm vertical condensation. All samples were then placed in an acrylic mold and underwent thermal aging for 10,000 cycles between 5 and 55°C. The samples were fixed in a universal testing machine with the long axis of the roots positioned at 20° to a load applied at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min using a stainless steel semi-spherical indenter (Ø = 3 mm) until fracture occurred to determine the fracture resistance force in Newton. The normality test (Shapiro-Wilk) showed that data are normally distributed. Group II exhibited the highest mean fracture resistance, and group VI was the least likely to resist the fracture. No statistically significant differences between tested groups (p-value = 0.237). The MOD group showed a more unfavorable mode of fracture compared to other groups. No significant difference in fracture resistance between conservative and traditional access cavities. The missing marginal ridges, such as in MOD cavities played an important role in decreasing the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth. premolars 7 n 12. 12 . 12) bur III IV V Mesioocclusaldistal Mesio occlusal distal MOD. (MOD) teeth nickeltitanium nickel titanium files hypochlorite guttapercha gutta percha condensation 10000 10 000 10,00 55C C 55 55°C 20 mmmin mm min semispherical semi spherical Ø Newton ShapiroWilk Shapiro Wilk (Shapiro-Wilk distributed pvalue p value 0.237. 0237 0.237 0 237 0.237) ridges (MOD 1000 00 10,0 2 023 0.23 23 100 10, 02 0.2 0.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o impacto do design da cavidade de acesso na resistência à fratura de primeiros pré-molares superiores tratados endodonticamente. MÉTODOS: A amostra do estudo consistiu em 72 primeiros pré-molares superiores intactos, divididos aleatoriamente em seis grupos (n = 12). Um preparo padronizado da cavidade proximal foi realizado para todas as amostras usando broca padrão. Grupos I: grupo de controle com apenas cavidade proximal padrão e sem acesso endodôntico, grupo II: cavidade de acesso Truss, grupo III: acesso separado aos canais vestibular e palatino sem remoção de dentina entre eles, grupo IV: acesso aos canais vestibular e palatino com remoção de dentina entre eles, grupo V: cavidade de acesso tradicional, grupo VI: cavidade mesio-oclusal-distal (MOD). Para os grupos I e VI, apenas a restauração de compósito foi usada para restaurar a cavidade proximal. Já nos grupos II e V, o acesso foi preparado e o tratamento endodôntico foi realizado em todos os dentes e, em seguida, foi colocada a restauração de resina composta. Os canais radiculares foram instrumentados com limas de níquel-titânio, irrigados com hipoclorito de sódio e preenchidos com AH plus sealer e guta-percha usando condensação vertical quente. Todas as amostras foram então colocadas em molde de acrílico e submetidas a envelhecimento térmico por 10.000 ciclos entre 5 e 55°C. As amostras foram fixadas em uma máquina de teste universal com o eixo longo das raízes posicionado a 20° para uma carga aplicada a uma velocidade de cruzeta de 1 mm/min usando indentador semiesférico de aço inoxidável (Ø = 3 mm) até que ocorresse a fratura para determinar a força de resistência à fratura em Newton. RESULTADOS: O teste de normalidade (Shapiro-Wilk) mostrou que os dados são normalmente distribuídos. O grupo II apresentou a maior resistência média à fratura, e o grupo VI foi o menos propenso a resistir à fratura. Não houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os grupos testados (p-valor = 0,237). O grupo MOD apresentou um modo de fratura mais desfavorável em comparação com os outros grupos. CONCLUSÕES: Não houve diferença significativa na resistência à fratura entre as cavidades de acesso conservador e tradicional. A ausência de cristas marginais, como nas cavidades MOD, desempenhou um papel importante na diminuição da resistência à fratura dos dentes tratados endodonticamente. prémolares pré molares endodonticamente MÉTODOS 7 intactos n 12. 12 . 12) Truss III eles IV V tradicional mesiooclusaldistal mesio oclusal distal MOD. (MOD) seguida composta níqueltitânio, níqueltitânio níquel titânio, titânio níquel-titânio gutapercha guta percha quente 10000 10 000 10.00 55C C 55 55°C 20 mmmin mm min Ø Newton RESULTADOS ShapiroWilk Shapiro Wilk (Shapiro-Wilk distribuídos pvalor p valor 0,237. 0237 0,237 0 237 0,237) CONCLUSÕES marginais (MOD 1000 00 10.0 2 023 0,23 23 100 10. 02 0,2 0,

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Viral hepatitis is a major public health concern worldwide. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to analyze the factors that facilitate access to care for viral hepatitis. DESIGN AND SETTING: Using a sequential mixed method, this evaluation research was conducted in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. METHODS: Mapping of references and selection of regions were made based on the quantity and heterogeneity of services. The stakeholders, including the managers of the State Department of Health and professionals from reference services, were identified. Nine semi-structured interviews were conducted using content analysis and discussions guided by the dimensions of the analysis model of universal access to health services. RESULTS: In the political dimension, decentralizing services and adhering to the Intermunicipal Health Consortium are highly encouraged. In the economic-social dimension, a commitment exists to allocate public funds for the expansion of referral services and subsidies to support users in their travel for appointments, medications, and examinations. In the organizational dimension, the availability of inputs for testing, definition of user flow, ease of scheduling appointments, coordination by primary care in testing, collaboration following the guidelines and protocols, and engagement in extramural activities are guaranteed. In the technical dimension, professionals actively commit to the service and offer different opening hours, guarantee the presence of an infectious physician, expand training opportunities, and establish intersectoral partnerships. In the symbolic dimension, professionals actively listen to the experiences of users throughout their care trajectory and demonstrate empathy. CONCLUSIONS: The results are crucial for improving comprehensiveness, but necessitate managerial efforts to enhance regional governance. BACKGROUND worldwide OBJECTIVES SETTING method Grosso Brazil METHODS stakeholders identified semistructured semi structured RESULTS dimension encouraged economicsocial economic social appointments medications examinations testing flow protocols guaranteed hours physician opportunities partnerships empathy CONCLUSIONS comprehensiveness governance

RESUMO Os conteúdos escolares têm um peso relevante na formação das identificações das crianças, especialmente os conteúdos que são transversais ao sistema, universalizados e que lidam com a construção das identidades. Para abordar esta questão, centrar-nos-emos nos quadros institucionais e nas condições que a elaboração de currículo oferece que podem intervir nos processos de identificação das crianças indígenas, com base em materiais transversais ao sistema educativo: por um lado, os aniversários escolares, e por outro, os materiais educativos da continuidade pedagógica. Metodologicamente, iremos realizar um estudo das fontes atuais, públicas e de acesso aberto. O nosso objetivo final será tornar visível a construção permanente da subalternidade das populações indígenas em registos educativos de massa, como forma de contribuir para a problematização do lugar dado à diversidade no campo educativo das ciências sociais. identidades questão centrarnosemos centrar emos lado outro pedagógica Metodologicamente atuais aberto massa sociais

ABSTRACT School content plays an important role in the shaping of children’s identifications, especially content that is transversal to the system, universalized and that deals with the construction of identities. To address this issue, we will focus on the institutional frameworks and the conditions offered by the curricular design that can intervene in the identification processes of indigenous children, based on materials that cut across the education system: on the one hand, school anniversaries, and on the other, educational materials of the pedagogical continuity. Methodologically, we will carry out a study of current, public and open-access sources. Our ultimate objective will be to make visible the permanent construction of the subalternity of indigenous populations in mass educational records, as a way of contributing to the problematization of the place given to diversity in the educational field of the social sciences. childrens children s identifications system identities issue hand anniversaries other continuity Methodologically current openaccess open access sources records sciences

RESUMEN Los contenidos escolares poseen un peso relevante en la conformación de identificaciones en las infancias especialmente aquellos contenidos transversales al sistema, universalizados y que abordan la construcción de identidades. Para abordar este tema, nos focalizaremos en los marcos instituciones y los condicionamientos que el diseño curricular ofrece que puedan intervenir en los procesos de identificación de las niñas y niños indígenas, a partir de materiales transversales al sistema educativo: por un lado, las efemérides escolares, por otro los materiales educativos de la continuidad pedagógica. Metodológicamente, realizaremos un estudio de fuentes actuales, públicas y de acceso libre. Nuestro objetivo último será visibilizar la construcción permanente de la subalternidad de las poblaciones indígenas en los registros educativos masivos, como una forma de aportar a la problematización del lugar otorgado a la diversidad en el campo educativo de las ciencias sociales. identidades tema lado pedagógica Metodológicamente actuales libre masivos sociales

Ha lefats'e le tobane le litaba tsa sechaba, moruo, le tikoloho, thahasello e kholo ke ho nka karolo litharollong tse tsamaisoang ke sechaba ho khothaletsa nts'etsopele ea moshoelella. Lithuto tse ling tsa lehae tsa thero ea litoropo li hloka ho bonts'a kamano e teng lipakeng tsa maqhama a maikutlo a batho le sebaka, kamano ea sebaka le ho nka karolo mererong ea ntlafatso e tsamaellanang le sechaba. Sengoliloeng sena se ikemiselitse ho eketsa tsebo lefapheng le pharaletseng la moralo oa tikoloho, moo mohopolo oa ho hokela libaka o susumetsang moralo oa libaka tsa litoropo. Sengoliloeng se hlahloba kamano lipakeng tsa batho le sebaka, le ho nka karolo ha sechaba mananeong a khannoang ke sechaba Profinseng ea Gauteng, Afrika Boroa. Sengoliloeng sena se sebelisa mokhoa oa ho etsa lipatlisiso oa lipalo, 'se kenyelelitse lintlha tsa tlhahlobo ea Gauteng City-Region Observatory's Quality of Life (QoL). Boithuto bona bo sebelisa likhokahano tsa K-means le mekhoa e meng ea mantlha ea tlhahlobo. Ele ho hlahloba ho kenya letsoho mererong ea Sechaba, lipatlsiso li ile tsa hloaea lihlopha tse 'nè tsa sechaba ho ipapisitsoe le sebaka, 'me index ea karolo e kopaneng ea baloa. Lihlopha tse hloailoeng, e leng babuelli ba sa khotsofalang, bahaelani ba ipelaetsang, batho bao e ka bang bahlohlelletsi ba sechaba ba tsoang hole kapa bao e seng ba lehae le bao e ka bang bahale ba lehae, ba bile le maemo a fapaneng a ho kenya letsoho matsapeng a khannoang ke sechaba. Sehlopha sa 'Babuelli ba sa khotsofalang' se na le monyetla o moholo kaho fetisisa oa ho nka karolo mananeong a ntlafatso ea sechaba ho feta sehlopha sa 'Baahelani ba ipelaetsang'. Lenane la bonkakarolo le kopaneng le bonts'a ha khakanyo e haufi le halofo (45.5%) ea baahi ba Profinseng ea Gauteng ba so kang ba kenya letsoho le ka mohla mererong ea ntlafatso e tsamaisoang ke sechaba. Boithuto bona bo khothaletsa hore bankakarolo ba fapaneng ba kenelle mekhoeng e matla ea meralo ea kopanelo, 'me e kenyeletsang sechaba ka kakaretso, le ho etsa liteko ka ho kenya meralo e netefatsang tekano ea lits'ebeletso tsa litoropo, kenyeletso ea setso. Mehato ena e ka susumetsa boitsebo ba sechaba, ho itsetleha ha sona libakeng, le tlamahano ea Sechaba. Tsena ke lintlha tsa bohlokoa tsa kamano ea sebaka se nang le tsusumetso e ntle ntlafatsong e tsamaisoang ke sechaba le ho fihlela lipheo tse akaretsang tsa toka le boiketlo ba sechaba.

As the world faces unprecedented social, economic, and environmental issues, there is a greater emphasis on participation in community-driven solutions to foster sustainable and inclusive development. More local urban planning studies need to demonstrate the nexus between peoples' emotional bond with a place - place attachment, and participation in community-driven development initiatives. This article aims to add to the body of knowledge in the broad field of environmental design, where the concept of place attachment influences the design of urban spaces. The article explores the nexus between place attachment and community participation in community-driven programmes in Gauteng province, South Africa. This article adopts a quantitative approach and uses the Gauteng City-Region Observatory's Quality of Life (QoL) survey data. The study uses K-means clustering and ordered logistic regression models as the primary data-analysis methods. Four social clusters were identified based on place attachment, participation in community initiatives was evaluated, and a combined participation index was calculated. The identified clusters, namely the discontented advocates, neighbourhood self-doubters, potential community catalysts from afar or non-local influencers and potential neighbourhood champions had different levels of participation in community-driven initiatives. Cluster 'Discontented advocates' is more likely to participate in community development programmes than the cluster 'Neighbourhood self-doubters'. The developed combined participation index shows that nearly half (45.5%) of the residents in Gauteng province have never participated in community-driven development initiatives. The study recommends that various stakeholders should engage in inclusive and robust participatory planning procedures, and experiment with the implementation of universal design features that ensure equitable access to urban amenities, inclusion, and cultural sensitivity. These practical measures foster a sense of identity, place dependence, and social bonding, which are the important dimensions of place attachment that positively influence community-driven development and meet the overall goals of social justice and societal well-being.

Aangesien die wêreld ongekende sosiale, ekonomiese en omgewingskwessies in die gesig staar, is daar 'n groter klem op deelname aan gemeenskapsgedrewe oplossings om volhoubare en inklusiewe ontwikkeling te bevorder. Meer plaaslike stadsbeplanningstudies moet die verband tussen mense se emosionele band met 'n plek, plekgehegtheid en deelname aan gemeenskapsgedrewe ontwikkelingsinisiatiewe demonstreer. Hierdie artikel het ten doel om by te dra tot kennis in die breë veld van omgewingsontwerp, waar die konsep van plekgehegtheid die ontwerp van stedelike ruimtes beïnvloed. Die artikel ondersoek die verband tussen plekgehegtheid en gemeenskapsdeelname aan gemeenskapsgedrewe programme in Gauteng-provinsie, Suid-Afrika. Hierdie artikel volg 'n kwantitatiewe benadering en maak gebruik van die Gauteng Stad-Streek Waarneming se Gehalte van Lewens (QoL) opname data. Die studie gebruik K-gemiddelde groepering en geordende logistiese regressie modelle as die primêre data-analise metodes. Vier sosiale klusters is op grond van plekgehegtheid geïdentifiseer, deelname aan gemeenskapsinisiatiewe is geëvalueer en 'n gekombineerde deelname-indeks is bereken. Die geïdentifiseerde klusters, naamlik die ontevrede advokate, buurt-selftwyfelaars, poten-siële gemeenskapskatalisators van ver of nie-plaaslike beïnvloeders en potensiële buurtkampioene, het verskillende vlakke van deelname aan gemeenskapsgedrewe inisiatiewe gehad. Kluster 'Ontevrede advokate' is meer geneig om aan gemeenskaps-ontwikkelingsprogramme deel te neem as die kluster 'Buurt-selftwyfelaars'. Die ontwikkelde gekombineerde deelname-indeks toon dat byna die helfte (45.5%) van die inwoners in Gauteng-provinsie nog nooit aan gemeenskapsgedrewe ontwikkelingsinisiatiewe deelgeneem het nie. Die studie beveel aan dat verskeie belanghebbendes betrokke moet raak by inklusiewe en robuuste deelnemende beplanningsprosedures, en eksperimenteer met die implementering van universele ontwerpkenmerke wat billike toegang tot stedelike geriewe, insluiting en kulturele sensi-tiwiteit verseker. Hierdie praktiese maatreëls bevorder 'n gevoel van identiteit, plekafhanklikheid en sosiale binding, wat die belangrike dimensies van plekgehegtheid is wat gemeenskapsgedrewe ontwikkeling positief beïnvloed en voldoen aan die algehele doelwitte van sosiale geregtigheid en maatskaplike welstand.