Résumé Cet article analyse la Banque Mondiale comme un acteur de la néo-libéralisation du capitalisme mondial, mettant l’accent sur ses fonctions de prêteur, conseiller et conseiller technique des gouvernements, agent de la société civile et producteur de recherches économiques pendant la période 1980-2023. En s’appuyant sur des sources primaires de l’institution elle-même et d’une vaste littérature spécialisée, l’étude montre comment l’action de la Banque Mondiale est devenue de plus en plus complète, politisée et intrusive, bien que présentant des variations dans la forme, le contenu et l’intensité de votre agenda politique et de vos pratiques opérationnelles. Larticle conclut que, dans un context mondial marqué par de grands changements économiques et politiques, une plus grande contestation des revenus économiques supposés universels et des incertitudes quant à l’avenir, la Banque mondiale est restée fidèle au paradigme politique néolibéral, cependant, elle a adopté une approche plus pragmatique, flexible, discrète et dépendante des circonstances et des priorités des emprunteurs (notamment ceux de grande envergure). néolibéralisation néo libéralisation laccent l accent prêteur gouvernements 19802023. 19802023 1980 2023. 2023 1980-2023 sappuyant s appuyant linstitution institution ellemême même dune d spécialisée létude étude laction action complète intrusive forme lintensité intensité opérationnelles politiques lavenir, lavenir avenir, avenir l’avenir néolibéral cependant pragmatique flexible notamment envergure. envergure . envergure) 1980202 198 202 1980-202 198020 19 20 1980-20 19802 1 2 1980-2 1980-

Abstract This article analyses the World Bank as an agent of the neoliberalization of global capitalism, with an emphasis on its functions as a lender, adviser and technical advisor to governments, civil society agent, and producer of economic research during the period from 1980 to 2023. Based on primary sources from the institution itself and extensive specialized literature, the article shows how the World Bank’s activities have become increasingly comprehensive, politicized, and intrusive, but with variations in form, content, and intensity in its political agenda and operational practices. It concludes that, in a global environment marked by major economic and political changes, greater contestation of supposedly universal economic recipes, and uncertainties about the future, the World Bank has remained faithful to the neoliberal political paradigm, but it has started to act in a more pragmatic, flexible, discreet way that depends on the circumstances and priorities of the borrowers (especially the larger ones). capitalism lender governments 198 2023 literature Banks s comprehensive politicized intrusive form content practices changes recipes future paradigm pragmatic flexible especially ones. ones . ones) 19 202 1 20 2

Resumo Este artigo analisa o Banco Mundial como agente de neoliberalização do capitalismo global, dando ênfase às suas funções de emprestador, conselheiro e assessor técnico de governos, agente da sociedade civil e produtor de pesquisas econômicas durante o período de 1980 a 2023. Com base em fontes primárias da própria instituição e ampla literatura especializada, o trabalho mostra como a atuação do Banco Mundial se tornou cada vez mais abrangente, politizada e intrusiva, porém com variações de forma, conteúdo e intensidade em sua agenda política e suas práticas operacionais. Conclui que, em um ambiente global marcado por grandes mudanças econômicas e políticas, maior contestação a receitas econômicas supostamente universais e incertezas quanto ao futuro, o Banco Mundial se manteve fiel ao paradigma político neoliberal, porém, passou a atuar de forma mais pragmática, flexível, discreta e dependente das circunstâncias e prioridades dos mutuários (especialmente os de maior volume). emprestador governos 198 2023 especializada abrangente intrusiva operacionais que políticas futuro neoliberal pragmática flexível especialmente volume. volume . volume) 19 202 1 20 2

Resumen Este artículo analiza el Banco Mundial como agente de la neoliberalización del capitalismo global, haciendo hincapié en sus funciones como prestamista, asesor y consejero técnico de los gobiernos, agente de la sociedad civil y productor de investigación económica durante el periodo comprendido entre 1980 y 2023. Basándose en fuentes primarias de la propia institución y en una amplia bibliografía especializada, el artículo muestra cómo las actividades del Banco Mundial se han vuelto cada vez más amplias, politizadas e intrusivas, pero con variaciones de forma, contenido e intensidad en su agenda política y sus prácticas operativas. Concluye que, en un entorno global marcado por grandes cambios económicos y políticos, una mayor contestación de las recetas económicas supuestamente universales y la incertidumbre sobre el futuro, el Banco Mundial se ha mantenido fiel al paradigma político neoliberal, pero ha empezado a actuar de una forma más pragmática, flexible y discreta que depende de las circunstancias y prioridades de los prestatarios (especialmente de los más grandes). prestamista gobiernos 198 2023 especializada amplias intrusivas operativas políticos futuro neoliberal pragmática especialmente grandes. . grandes) 19 202 1 20 2

Abstract Considering the changes and uncertainties of the current environment that affect management in organizations, the use of qualitative methods in business research facilitates the study of organizational phenomena from a different perspective while acknowledging their complexity. The objective of this special issue is to offer greater exposure to empirical studies that thoroughly employ qualitative methods to solving business and management problems. We have attempted to showcase how diverse qualitative methodologies, from classic case-based strategies to more novel ones such as action research, provide new visions for approaching the study of organizational realities. Also, we have briefly reflected on the application of new tools as visual techniques or AI to business and management research. Therefore, this special issue offers five papers that, from different methodological perspectives and content, seek to contribute to this objective. We hope that this special issue represents a significant advancement in the visibility and appreciation of qualitative methods within the field of business and management research.

Resumen Considerando los cambios e incertidumbres del entorno actual que afectan a la dirección de las organizaciones, la utilización de métodos cualitativos en la investigación relacionada con la empresa permite estudiar este fenómeno desde una perspectiva diferente y en toda su complejidad. En este sentido, el objetivo de este número especial ha sido ofrecer una mayor exposición de los estudios empíricos que emplean con profundidad los métodos cualitativos para resolver problemas de investigación en el campo de los negocios y la dirección de empresas. Hemos tratado de mostrar cómo diversas metodologías cualitativas, desde estrategias clásicas como los estudios de casos hasta más novedosas como la investigación acción, aportan nuevas visiones sobre cómo abordar el estudio de realidades organizativas. También, hemos hecho una breve reflexión sobre la aplicación de nuevas herramientas como las técnicas visuales o la IA a la investigación en el área de los negocios y la dirección de la empresa. Así, este número especial ofrece cinco artículos que, desde diferentes perspectivas metodológicas y contenidos, tratan de contribuir a este objetivo. Esperamos que este número especial represente un avance significativo en la visibilidad y valoración de los métodos cualitativos dentro del campo de la investigación de los negocios y la dirección de la empresa.

Abstract The mental health for workers in healthcare was affected by the overload derived from care for COVID-19 patients. It is recognized that there was no knowledge about the disease or labor systems prepared to deal with the pandemic. Mental health problems among of a group of eight nursing workers (6 women and 2 men) employed at a state health institution was addressed through a mutual help group created as an emotional support network. The information co-created by the group across 10 sessions was analyzed through narratives using a relativistic approach, with the thematic axes of emotional discomfort in the face of uncertainties and aggressions; need to be and moral dilemmas; courage to overcome institutional disorganization; emotional overload and the recovery of strategies and resources. The implications of the process narrated by the group resulted in an effective strategy for improving the mental health of the participants and the need to have virtual services to cope with needs or circumstances such as those triggered by a pandemic as well as the strength of the group process are discussed.

Resumen La salud mental del personal sanitario quedó afectada ante la sobrecarga derivada de la atención a pacientes por COVID-19. Se entiende que no había conocimientos sobre la enfermedad ni sistemas laborales preparados para atender la pandemia. La problemática de salud mental de un grupo de 8 profesionales de enfermería (6 mujeres y 2 hombres), laborando en una institución de salud estatal, fue atendida a través de un grupo de ayuda mutua creado como dispositivo de contención emocional. Se analiza la información co-creada por el proceso grupal de 10 sesiones a través de las narrativas desde un enfoque relativista, con los ejes temáticos del malestar emocional ante las incertidumbres y las agresiones; el deber ser y las disyuntivas morales; el coraje impulsor ante la desorganización institucional, la sobrecarga emocional y la recuperación de estrategias y recursos. Se discuten las implicaciones del proceso narrado por el grupo constituido como una estrategia efectiva para la mejora en la salud mental de los participantes y la necesidad de tener dispositivos virtuales ante necesidades o circunstancias como las detonadas por una pandemia, así como la fortaleza del proceso grupal.

Resumo: Historicamente, os estudos sobre parentalidade baseavam-se, na maioria, em relatos maternos, gerando incertezas sobre suas conclusões. Invertendo essa lógica, no Brasil, o Inventário de Envolvimento Paterno (inicialmente desenvolvido nos EUA para homens) foi aprimorado e adaptado para mães, culminando no Inventário de Envolvimento Paterno e Materno (IEPM). A validade de conteúdo do IEPM foi verificada, mas sua estrutura interna era desconhecida. Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar evidências de validade com base na estrutura interna, estimativas de confiabilidade e invariância dessa estrutura para pais e mães. Para isso, 1244 pais e mães de 22 estados brasileiros (filhos de 2 a 10 anos) responderam ao Questionário Sociodemográfico e ao IEPM. Foram realizadas análises fatoriais exploratória (AFE; n= 621), confirmatória (AFC; n = 623) e confirmatória multigrupo (AFCMG) e verificadas estimativas de confiabilidade. Os resultados da AFE e AFC indicaram a existência de sete fatores, em uma estrutura hierárquica de segunda ordem. Estimativas de confiabilidade variaram de 0,635 ≤ ω ≥ 0,875. Os resultados do AFCMG indicaram a invariância desta estrutura para pais e mães. Além das evidências de validade, esses resultados contribuem para ampliar a compreensão teórica sobre a parentalidade brasileira, possibilitando futuros estudos comparativos. É importante verificar evidências adicionais de validade.

Resumen: Históricamente, los estudios sobre parentalidad se basaban mayoritariamente en informes maternos, lo que genera incertidumbre sobre sus conclusiones. Invirtiendo esta lógica, en Brasil, el Inventory of Father Involvement (creado inicialmente en los Estados Unidos para padres) fue mejorado y adaptado para madres, así se creó el Inventário de Envolvimento Paterno e Materno (IEPM). Se verificó la validez de contenido del IEPM, pero no su estructura interna. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo verificar evidencias de validez basada en su estructura interna, estimaciones de confiabilidad e invariancia de esta estructura para padres y madres. Para ello, 1244 padres y madres de 22 estados brasileños (con niños de 2 a 10 años) respondieron un cuestionario sociodemográfico y el IEPM. Se realizaron análisis factoriales exploratorios (AFE; n= 621), confirmatorios (AFC; n= 623) y confirmatorios multigrupo (AFCMG), y se verificaron estimaciones de confiabilidad. Los resultados de la EFA y AFC indicaron la existencia de siete factores en una estructura jerárquica de segundo orden. Las estimaciones de confiabilidad oscilaron entre .635 ≤ ω ≥ .875. Los resultados de la AFCMG indicaron la invariancia da estructura para padres y madres. Además de evidencias de validez, estos resultados contribuyen a ampliar la comprensión teórica de la paternidad brasileña al permitir futuros estudios comparativos. Es importante realizar pruebas adicionales de validez.

Abstract: Historically, studies on parenting were mostly based on maternal reports, generating uncertainties about its conclusions. Inverting this logic, in Brazil, the Inventory of Father Involvement (originally developed in the USA to assess men) was improved and adapted for mothers, generating the Inventory of Father and Mother Involvement (IFMI). The IFMI’s content validity was verified, but its internal structure was still unknown. This study aimed to verify evidence of validity based on its internal structure, reliability estimates and the invariance of this structure for fathers and mothers. For this purpose, 1244 fathers and mothers from 22 Brazilian states (with children aged 2 to 10) answered the Sociodemographic Questionnaire and the IFMI. Exploratory (EFA; n= 621), confirmatory (CFA; n= 623) and multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (MGCFA) were performed, and reliability estimates were verified. EFA and CFA results indicated the existence of seven factors in a second-order hierarchical structure. Reliability estimates ranged from .635 ≤ ω ≥ .875. MGCFA results indicated the invariance of this structure for fathers and mothers. In addition to the evidence of validity, these results contribute to broadening theoretical understandings about Brazilian parenting, enabling future comparative studies. It is important to further verify additional validity evidence.

Abstract The article explores the complexity and current uncertainties concerning long COVID, an emerging nosological entity with vague contours and characterised by unpredictable and persistent symptoms and absence of ‘objective diagnosis’. Based on accounts of the affected individuals and balancing the review of medical and journalistic literature on the subject, historical approach and ethnography, this work describes and analyses the policies of recognition and care of this condition in a context of epistemic injustice. The article contests the representations of long COVID as a merely transient disorder arguing that, unlike the promises of full recovery, what is taking shape is the emergence of a new individual whose biography is being rewritten by long COVID. For these people, full recognition of long COVID as a distinct pathological entity, coupled with the validation of their experimental knowledge, means more than merely opening concrete possibilities for relief from physical and mental suffering. It also represents justice, repair, and a further step towards the reconstruction of their lives. objective diagnosis. diagnosis . diagnosis’ subject ethnography injustice that recovery people knowledge suffering justice repair lives

Resumo O artigo explora a complexidade e as incertezas atuais sobre a covid longa, uma entidade nosológica emergente pós-covid-19, com contornos imprecisos e caracterizada por sintomas imprevisíveis e persistentes. Baseado em relatos de pessoas afetadas e equilibrando a revisão da literatura médica e jornalística sobre o tema, a história da ciência e a etnografia em saúde, o trabalho descreve e analisa as políticas de reconhecimento e de cuidado da doença em um contexto de injustiça epistêmica. O artigo contesta as representações da covid longa como uma condição meramente transitória, argumentando que, diferentemente das promessas de plena recuperação, o que tem ganhado forma é emergência de uma nova pessoa cuja biografia passa a ser reescrita com a covid longa. Para essas pessoas, o reconhecimento pleno da covid longa como uma entidade patológica distinta, aliado à validação de seu conhecimento experimental, significa mais do que simplesmente abrir possibilidades concretas para alívio do sofrimento físico e mental. Isso também representa justiça, reparação e um passo adiante na reconstrução de suas vidas. póscovid19, póscovid19 póscovid pós 19, 19 pós-covid-19 persistentes tema saúde epistêmica transitória recuperação distinta experimental mental justiça vidas póscovid1 1 pós-covid-1 pós-covid- pós-covid

Abstract Long COVID is a condition following the acute Covid-19 infection, with persistence of symptoms for a long time or the worsening or emergence of other complications. Despite the recurrence of this phenomenon, there is a diagnostic invisibility. This essay aims to analyze, from the point of view of the medical epistemology, the uncertainties surrounding this phenomenon from its recognition as a disease, as well as its nonspecific symptoms, especially fatigue, which ultimately influence its diagnostic invisibility. This type of analysis is a proposal in tune with the Socio-anthropological approach to health and disease and the Anthropology of Biomedicine. As it is a global health issue that translates into a temporary or permanent disabling condition, understanding the reasons for its diagnostic invisibility from the point of view of the Western biomedicine can help to better understand it and manage its care. Covid19 Covid 19 Covid-1 infection complications analyze epistemology fatigue Socioanthropological Socio anthropological Biomedicine care Covid1 1 Covid-

Resumo A Covid longa é uma condição subsequente da infecção aguda pela Covid-19 com persistência dos sintomas por longo tempo ou agravamento ou surgimento de outras complicações. Apesar da recorrência desse fenômeno há uma invisibilidade diagnóstica. Este ensaio objetiva analisar, sob o ponto de vista da epistemologia médica, as incertezas que circundam esse fenômeno desde a sua atribuição como doença e os sintomas inespecíficos, sobretudo a fadiga, que terminam por influenciar a sua invisibilidade diagnóstica. Esse tipo de análise é uma proposta sintonizada com a abordagem socioantropológica da saúde e doença e da antropologia da biomedicina. Por tratar-se de um problema de saúde global e que se traduz em uma condição incapacitante temporária ou permanente, compreender as razões de sua invisibilidade diagnóstica do ponto de vista da biomedicina ocidental pode auxiliar na sua melhor compreensão e na gestão do seu cuidado. Covid19 19 Covid-1 complicações analisar médica inespecíficos fadiga tratarse tratar permanente cuidado Covid1 1 Covid-

RESUMEN En este artículo se presentan los principales autores que desarrollan modelos de estimación de la incertidumbre, en procesos de planeación estratégica de las organizaciones y su incidencia en los objetivos institucionales. En este orden de ideas, se ha realizado una revisión de la literatura con fundamento en enfoques y modelos que han sido utilizados a través del tiempo para manejar la incertidumbre empresarial y se presentan algunos casos aplicados para diferentes factores internos de una organización; así mismo dentro de este artículo se contemplan factores externos como medioambientales en los cuales se han hecho uso de los siguientes modelos: modelo de decisión, modelo de factores locales vs fuerzas conductoras, simulación Monte Carlo y Modelo Delphi; y finalmente para los factores sociopolíticos se ha implementado el enfoque heurístico para explorar las incertidumbres en la planificación. Por otro lado, se realiza un análisis de los tipos de planificación que manejan las organizaciones con sus respectivos modelos de incertidumbre. La principal conclusión obtenida, radica en el hecho de que no existen modelos que integren elementos tanto endógenos como exógenos capaces de reducir la incertidumbre para efectos de una adecuada planeación estratégica en las organizaciones y proyectos de inversión a su cargo.

ABSTRACT This article presents the main authors who develop uncertainty estimation models in strategic planning processes of organizations and their impact on institutional objectives. In this order of ideas, a review of the literature has been carried out based on approaches and models that have been used over time to manage business uncertainty and some cases applied to different internal factors of an organization are presented; Likewise, within this article, external and environmental factors are considered in which the following models have been used: decision model, local factors vs driving forces model, Monte Carlo simulation and Delphi Model; and finally for sociopolitical factors, the heuristic approach has been implemented to explore uncertainties in planning. On the other hand, an analysis is carried out of the types of planning that organizations manage with their respective uncertainty models. The main conclusion obtained lies in the fact that there are no models that integrate both endogenous and exogenous elements capable of reducing uncertainty for the purposes of adequate strategic planning in the organizations and investment projects under their charge.

ABSTRACT Quinoa is an Andean grain recognized for its high nutritional value and its ability to tolerate extreme environmental conditions. Most publications on this species have focused on agronomic or agroindustrial aspects, leaving uncertainties about the relationship between biological yield and compositional characteristics of the grain. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze the biological performance and agroindustrial properties of the seeds of three quinoa cultivars widely used in Colombia. A completely randomized design was used with the Pasankalla, Soraca and Titicaca cultivars. In the first phase, the physiological behavior of the plants under controlled conditions was evaluated. In the second phase, seed production and some compositional characteristics were determined in the laboratory. In general, the three cultivars showed significant diversity and differences in morphological, physiological and biochemical traits. The Titicaca cultivar presented the earliest maturity, taking 115.6 days to reach harvest, while Soraca was the cultivar with the highest production, achieving 321 g of seeds per plant. Regarding the characteristics of the grain, the Soraca and Pasankalla cultivars had the highest protein content, with values of 14.33 and 13.76%, respectively.

RESUMEN La quinua es un grano andino reconocido por su alto valor nutricional y su capacidad para tolerar condiciones ambientales extremas. La mayoría de las publicaciones sobre esta especie se han centrado en aspectos agronómicos o agroindustriales, dejando incertidumbres sobre la relación entre el rendimiento biológico y las características composicionales del grano. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el desempeño biológico y las propiedades agroindustriales de las semillas de tres cultivares de quinua ampliamente utilizados en Colombia. Se utilizó un diseño completamente al azar con los cultivares Pasankalla, Soracá y Titicaca. En la primera fase se evaluó el comportamiento fisiológico de las plantas en condiciones controladas. En la segunda fase se determinó en laboratorio la producción de semillas y algunas características composicionales. En general, los tres cultivares mostraron diversidad y diferencias significativas en rasgos morfológicos, fisiológicos y bioquímicos. El cultivar Titicaca presentó la madurez más temprana, tardando 115,6 días en alcanzar a cosecha, mientras que Soracá fue el cultivar con mayor producción, logrando 321 g de semillas por planta. En cuanto a las características del grano, los cultivares Soracá y Pasankalla presentaron el mayor contenido de proteína, con valores de 14,33 y 13,76%, respectivamente.

Abstract A long-term indwelling catheter may be indicated in clinical situations, such as chronic diseases of the genitourinary or neurological systems. In addition to the risks of infection, trauma, and bleeding, a catheter’s permanence can affect psycho-emotional and socioeconomic dimensions. We aimed to understand how the need to use a long-term indwelling catheter affects this patient’s self-perception, interrelationships, and self-care. We carried out a qualitative, descriptive study based on interviews with 17 patients, and applied thematic analysis and complex thinking. The different prognoses and expectations regarding the catheter influenced self-perception, adaptation, acceptance, or denial. The presence of a catheter, whether as a curative measure or for comfort, can affect self-image and sexuality, and generate insecurities and uncertainties, which require understanding the multidimensionality of situations that suffer interference from the personal, family, and social environment, as well as health systems’ capacity to deal with it. Despite the challenges, the majority of participants reported a favorable disposition towards self-care, whether to enable catheter removal or to prevent injuries in lifelong indications. longterm long term systems infection trauma bleeding catheters s psychoemotional psycho emotional dimensions patients patient selfperception, selfperception self perception, perception self-perception interrelationships selfcare. selfcare care. care self-care qualitative 1 thinking adaptation acceptance denial comfort selfimage image sexuality uncertainties personal family environment it challenges selfcare, care, indications

Resumo O cateter vesical de longa permanência pode ser indicado em situações clínicas, como nas doenças crônicas do sistema genitourinário ou neurológico. Além dos riscos de infecção, traumas e sangramentos, a permanência do cateter pode afetar dimensões psicoemocionais e socioeconômicas. Objetivamos compreender como a necessidade de uso do cateter urinário por um longo prazo afeta a autopercepção, as interrelações e o autocuidado deste paciente. Realizamos um estudo qualitativo, descritivo, a partir da entrevista de 17 pacientes, e aplicamos a análise temática e o pensamento complexo. Os diferentes prognósticos e as expectativas em relação ao cateter influenciaram a autopercepção, a adaptação, sua aceitação ou negação. A presença do cateter, seja como medida curativa ou para conforto, pode afetar a autoimagem e a sexualidade, gerar inseguranças e incertezas, que requerem compreensão da multidimensionalidade das situações, que sofrem interferências do meio pessoal, familiar e social, bem como da capacidade dos sistemas de saúde para o seu enfrentamento. Apesar dos desafios, a maioria dos participantes relatou disposição favorável para o autocuidado, seja para viabilizar retirada do cateter, ou para prevenir agravos em indicações vitalícias. clínicas neurológico infecção sangramentos socioeconômicas autopercepção paciente qualitativo descritivo 1 pacientes complexo adaptação negação conforto sexualidade incertezas pessoal social enfrentamento desafios vitalícias

ABSTRACT: Forests require sustainable management because of the long cycle of the species, the balance of the ecosystem, the structure or processes on which the species depend, and socioeconomic development. This study shows the effect of adopting protection measures (non-management and conservation) and their results on the forest structure of a Mixed Ombrophylous Forest, specifically for Araucaria angustifolia available in official publications and scientific articles. Bibliometric analysis was used to obtain and evaluate scientific publications based on their statistical methods, forest inventory techniques, modeling and, which contributed valuable information and scientific impact on the development of the topic. We argue that there are uncertainties about the threat of extinction and that lack of management may increase the disregard for forest resources. Excessive exploitation of the edible seeds of A. angustifolia can destabilize the dynamics and regeneration of the species. The losses of ecosystem services, economic structure, diversity, reproduction, and production of the forest due to non-use of resources are larger than the benefits.The results indicate the need for sustainable forest management as a public policy for the conservation of the species and the Mixed Ombrophilous Forest in southern Brazil.

RESUMEN: Los bosques requieren un manejo sostenible debido al largo ciclo de las especies, por el equilibrio del ecosistema, por la estructura o procesos de los que dependen las especies y por el desarrollo socioeconómico. Este estudio muestra el efecto de la adopción de medidas de protección (no manejado, conservación) y sus resultados para la estructura del Bosque Ombrófilo Mixto, específicamente para Araucaria angustifolia disponibles en publicaciones oficiales y artículos científicos. La metodología utilizada fue el análisis bibliométrico, para obtener y evaluar publicaciones científicas con base en sus métodos estadísticos, técnicas de inventario forestal, modelación y que aportaron información valiosa, impacto científico en el desarrollo del tema. Sostenemos que existen incertidumbres sobre la amenaza de extinción y que la falta de gestión puede aumentar la falta de interés en los recursos forestales. La explotación excesiva de semillas comestibles puede desestabilizar la dinámica y regeneración de la especie A. angustifolia. Las pérdidas ecosistémicas, económicas, de estructura, diversidad, reproducción y producción de las masas forestales por la no utilización de los recursos son mayores que los beneficios. Los resultados indicaron la necesidad del manejo forestal sostenible como política pública para la conservación de la especie y del Bosque Mixto Ombrófilo en el sur de Brasil.

Uncertainty with regard to estimated grades and tonnages of a mineral deposit demands risk assessment in order to build investor confidence and attract the interest of other stakeholders in the success of a project. Uncertainties associated with Mineral Resource estimates can lead to unreliable production schedules and unpredictable cash flows. However, the techniques used in the mining industry to determine these uncertainties are inconsistent, because the important decisions taken in the process are solely dependent on the responsible Competent Person (CP), without limitations. This leads to disparities between different CPs' results, using data-sets from the same drill-holes. The various standard codes for public disclosure provide guidelines and recommendations for the classification of Mineral Resources and Reserves but do not provide details on, for example, the amount of geological and geostatistical information needed to qualify for each category of Resources and Reserves. The parameters used to generate the classification categories are subjectively assumed by the responsible CP. In this paper we investigate the impacts of different CPs' judgements on resource classification, using the same data-sets. The results underpin the need for the mining industry to develop a uniform Mineral Resources and Reserves classification framework that can minimize or avoid significant discrepancies that lead to potential misleading public disclosures.

Abstract Agribusiness, a cornerstone of Brazil’s economic sectors, wields considerable political clout through entities like the Frente Parlamentar da Agropecuária (Parliamentary Agricultural Front; FPA), a potent force in the country’s Congress and appears to be the main driver of the anti-environmental lobby. The FPA sought to influence labour, land and tax legislation and was an important ally of Jair Bolsonaro’s administration, aligning closely with the former president’s agenda of environmental deregulation, which mirrored the economic priorities of agribusiness interests. However, the imperative to maintain a favourable public perception of the agricultural sector is evident in various communication strategies, including the deployment of paid advertisements on online platforms. In this sense, the objective of this research is to scrutinise the potential presence of greenwashing and/or disinformation within the 158 advertisements disseminated by the FPA on Facebook and Instagram throughout 2023. Using Meta’s Ad Library interface, we collected the advertisements and employed three complementary analytical approaches. These methodologies enabled us to identify and interpret the discursive tactics employed by the FPA to “enhance the image of agriculture”: automatic word counting and cooccurrence analysis, content analysis and discourse analysis. The advertisements analysed show that Brazilian agribusiness uses sustainability as a form of greenwashing and disinformation in its online communication efforts. The FPA’s digital advertising uses these discursive strategies to vilify social movements advocating for land reform and instigate fear regarding legal uncertainties surrounding property rights. Our findings indicate that these advertisements advocate for the preservation of the current socio-economic landscape in the Brazilian rural area while propagating denialism regarding the environmental impacts of agribusiness.

Resumo O agronegócio, um dos principais setores econômicos do Brasil, compõe uma das mais poderosas forças políticas no congresso do país, a Frente Parlamentar da Agropecuária (FPA), e aparece como o principal impulsionador do lobby anti-ambiental. A FPA busca incidir sobre a legislação trabalhista, fundiária e tributária e foi uma importante aliada do Governo de Jair Bolsonaro, uma vez que a agenda de desmonte ambiental do ex-presidente ia ao encontro dos interesses econômicos do agronegócio. No entanto, a necessidade de garantir uma imagem positiva do setor se reflete em diversas estratégias de comunicação, inclusive na veiculação de anúncios pagos nas plataformas online. Nesse sentido, a presente pesquisa pretende analisar a possível presença de greenwashing e/ou desinformação nos 158 anúncios publicados pela FPA no Facebook e Instagram durante o ano de 2023. Após coletarmos os anúncios na interface da Biblioteca de Anúncios da Meta, adotamos três abordagens complementares de análise que nos permitiram identificar e interpretar as estratégias discursivas empregadas pela FPA para “melhorar a imagem do agro”: contagem automática de palavras e análise de coocorrência entre elas, análise de conteúdo e análise de discurso. Nos anúncios analisados, a sustentabilidade é instrumentalizada pelo agronegócio brasileiro como greenwashing e desinformação em sua comunicação publicitária online. Essas estratégias discursivas são utilizadas na publicidade digital da FPA para criminalizar os movimentos sociais que lutam por uma reforma agrária e para disseminar pânico sobre inseguranças jurídicas relacionadas ao direito à propriedade. De uma forma geral, nossos resultados mostram que os anúncios defendem a necessidade de manutenção do status quo das relações socioeconômicas no campo brasileiro e promovem negacionismo em relação aos impactos ambientais do agronegócio.

Abstract Student involvement through peer assessment can have important benefits for the development of competences in initial teacher education. Therefore, the aims of this research are: (i) to find out the characteristics of the peer assessment processes experienced by students during their training and their evaluation of these processes; (ii) to value their perception of the usefulness of using peer assessment processes for the development of teaching competences after a peer assessment experience; and (iii) to value their perception of the usefulness of using peer assessment processes for the development of assessment competences after a peer assessment experience. To this end, a case study was conducted with 10 participants in 2 teacher education subjects. In each subject, three workshops were held in which students had to peer assess the performance of their peers and give them feedback. The information was collected through a semi-structured interview at the end of the subjects. The results show that the students had hardly any experience of this kind, although they valued these processes positively for their learning, although they also encountered difficulties and uncertainties due to their lack of experience. Finally, they also emphasise the importance of carrying out these processes in initial training in order to develop assessment competence and to be able to transfer this learning to their future work context.

Resumen La implicación del alumnado a través de la coevaluación puede tener importantes beneficios para el desarrollo de las competencias en la formación inicial del profesorado. Por ello, esta investigación se plantea los siguientes objetivos: (i) Conocer las características de los procesos de coevaluación vivenciados por el alumnado durante su formación y la valoración que realizan de dichos procesos; (ii) Valorar la percepción que tienen sobre la utilidad del uso de procesos de coevaluación para el desarrollo de las competencias docentes tras el desarrollo de una experiencia de coevaluación; y (iii) Valorar la percepción que el alumnado tiene sobre la utilidad del empleo de procesos de coevaluación para el desarrollo de la competencia evaluadora tras la experiencia de coevaluación. Para ello, se desarrolló un estudio de caso con diez participantes de dos asignaturas dirigidas a la formación docente. En cada asignatura se realizaron tres talleres donde el alumnado debía coevaluar el desempeño de sus pares y darles retroalimentación. La información se recogió a través de una entrevista semi-estructurada al finalizar las asignaturas. Los resultados muestran que el alumnado apenas ha tenido vivencias de este tipo, aunque valora positivamente estos procesos para su aprendizaje, aunque también encuentran dificultades e inseguridad debido a su falta de experiencia. Finalmente, también destacan la importancia de realizar estos procesos en la formación inicial para desarrollar la competencia evaluativa y poder transferir estos aprendizajes a su futuro contexto laboral.

Abstract This paper discusses the digital game object intertwined with the initial training of teachers and aims to discuss mobilizations produced during a curricular internship when the production of an educational digital game was started. Supported by the theoretical-methodological contribution of the Actor-Network Theory, the research has a qualitative character and its empirical field allowed mapping a pedagogical reality from its socio-material aspects. The production of empirical data took place from field observations and the elaboration of reports by teachers in training, which were migrated to the ATLAS.ti program and treated from a focused codification. These procedures made it possible to identify the actants that formed the investigated socio-material network, track the mobilizations undertaken and systematize elements that made up the reality produced by the network. The research reinforces the impossibility of dissociating material aspects from social aspects in socio-formative processes -which are always marked by transience, fluidity, uncertainties and mutations- and shows that the production of a digital game in the initial training of teachers provokes mobilizations that affect the field of action of future teachers and incite the formation of pedagogical meanings.

Resumen Este artículo se centra en el objeto del juego digital vinculado a la formación inicial docente y tiene como objetivo discutir las movilizaciones producidas durante una pasantía curricular cuando está en curso la producción de un juego digital educativo. Apoyada en el aporte teórico-metodológico de la Teoría Actor-Red, la investigación tiene un carácter cualitativo y su campo empírico permitió mapear una realidad pedagógica a partir de sus aspectos sociomateriales. La producción de datos empíricos se llevó a cabo mediante observaciones de campo y en la elaboración de informes de profesores en formación. Estos informes se transfirieron al software ATLAS.ti y se procesaron mediante la codificación enfocada. Estos procedimientos permitieron identificar a los actantes que conformaron la red sociomaterial investigada, rastrear las acciones (de movilización) realizadas y sistematizar elementos que constituyeron la realidad producida por la red. La investigación refuerza la imposibilidad de disociar aspectos materiales y sociales en los procesos socioformativos los cuales siempre están marcados por la fugacidad, la fluidez, la incertidumbre y capacidad de transformación. Asimismo muestra que la producción de un juego en la formación inicial docente provoca movilizaciones que inciden en el ámbito de acción de los futuros docentes y fomenta la formación de significados pedagógicos.

Abstract In recent years, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have presented a variety of applications. Recent studies show their advantages when quantifying areas for storm runoff estimation. However, there are uncertainties about their actual range. Therefore, the objective of this study was to estimate the volume of rainfall captured by roofs using UAVs. The methodology consisted of selecting a study area composed of a variety of canopies, in which the areas were digitally measured, the latter by processing images captured by UAV. For the calculation of runoff volume, the average monthly precipitation data of the last 11 years were taken, and the Runoff Coefficients (Ce) reported in the literature were considered. Then, the mean monthly runoff volume was calculated for each canopy. The results show that the roofs studied (Coliseum - Library) have the capacity to capture an annual volume of 2237.75 m3. With an average volume of 406.74 m3 during the rainy season (November to March) and 29.15 m3 during the dry season (April to October). Although the use of UAV allows determining one of the values within the runoff volume calculation, in order to achieve a more accurate result, it is necessary to analyze and evaluate the other variables (Ce and precipitation).

Resumen En los últimos años, los Vehículos Aéreos No Tripulados (VANT) han presentado una variedad de aplicaciones. Estudios recientes demuestran sus ventajas al momento de cuantificar áreas para la estimación de escorrentía pluvial. Sin embargo, existen incertidumbres sobre su alcance real. Ante ello, el objetivo del estudio es estimar el volumen pluvial captado por cubiertas mediante VANT. La metodología consistió en seleccionar una zona de estudio compuesta por una variedad de cubiertas, en el que las áreas fueron medidas digitalmente, esta última por medio del procesamiento de imágenes captadas por VANT. Para el cálculo de volumen de escurrimiento, se tomaron los datos de precipitación media mensual de los últimos 11 años, y se consideraron los Coeficientes de Escorrentía (Ce) reportados en la literatura. A continuación, se calculó el volumen de escurrimiento medio mensual para cada cubierta. Los resultados muestran que las cubiertas estudiadas (Coliseo - Biblioteca), tienen la capacidad de captar un volumen anual de 2237.75 m3. Con un volumen promedio de 406.74 m3 durante la época lluviosa (noviembre a marzo) y 29.15 m3 en la época seca (abril a octubre). Aunque el uso de VANT permite determinar uno de los valores dentro del cálculo de volumen de escorrentía, para lograr un resultado más exacto, es preciso analizar y evaluar las otras variables (Ce y precipitación).