Abstract The objective was to identify, through in silico analysis, the genes to which miR-146a, miR-146b, and miR-155 bind and to analyze the metabolic pathways in which they participate during tuberculosis infection. For the analysis, it was used: miRBase, UniProtKB, TargetScan Human, miRDB, and miRTarBase. miR-146a interacts with or binds to genes important in cell adhesion and the process of phagocytosis (CLDN16 and ATP6V1C2, respectively) (P< 0.05); this interaction could have important implications in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis or related diseases. The results of this work suggest that the activation of specific molecular mechanisms in response to tuberculosis is regulated by miR-146a, miR-146b, and miR-155. The genes with which miR-146a and miR-155 interact or bind are involved in the immune response and cellular processes essential during tuberculosis infection.

Resumen El objetivo fue identificar mediante análisis in silico los genes a los cuales se unen los miR-146a, miR-146b y miR-155 y, analizar las rutas metabólicas en las que intervienen durante la infección con tuberculosis. Para el análisis se utilizó: miRBase, UniProtKB, TargetScan Human, miRDB y miRTarBase. El miR-146a interacciona o se une a genes importantes en la adhesión celular y el proceso de fagocitosis (CLDN16 y ATP6V1C2, respectivamente) (P, 0.05), esta interacción podría tener implicaciones importantes en la patogénesis de la tuberculosis o enfermedades relacionadas. Los resultados de este trabajo sugieren que la activación de mecanismos moleculares específicos en respuesta a la tuberculosis está regulada por los miR-146a, miR-146b y miR-155. Los genes con los cuales los miR-146a y miR-155 interaccionan o se unen, están involucrados en la respuesta inmune y en procesos celulares imprescindibles durante una infección por tuberculosis.

RESUMO De acordo com estudos realizados, cerca de 10 milhões de pessoas desenvolveram tuberculose em 2018. Desse total, 1,5 milhão de pessoas morreram devido à doença. Procurando estudar o comportamento das sequências do genoma da Mycobacteruim tuberculosis (MTB), bactéria responsável por desenvolver a Tuberculose (TB), foi realizada uma análise aplicando o k-mer (frequência de palavras do DNA). Os valores de k variaram de 1 a 10, pois devido a análise ter sido feita no comprimento total das sequencias, onde cada sequencia é composta por aproximadamente 4 milhões de pares de bases, valores de k acima de 10, a análise é interrompida, como consequência da capacidade do programa. O intuito do trabalho foi de verificar a formação da árvore filogenética em cada k-mer analisado. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram a formação de grupos distintos em alguns k-mers analisados, levando-se em consideração a linha de corte. Entretanto, em todos os grupos formados as cepas multidroga resistente (MDR) e extensivamente resistente à droga (XDR) permaneceram juntas e separadas das demais cepas.

Abstract According to studies carried out, approximately 10 million people developed tuberculosis in 2018. Of this total, 1.5 million people died from the disease. To study the behavior of the genome sequences of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), the bacterium responsible for the development of tuberculosis (TB), an analysis was performed using k-mers (DNA word frequency). The k values ranged from 1 to 10, because the analysis was performed on the full length of the sequences, where each sequence is composed of approximately 4 million base pairs, k values above 10, the analysis is interrupted, as consequence of the program's capacity. The aim of this work was to verify the formation of the phylogenetic tree in each k-mer analyzed. The results showed the formation of distinct groups in some k-mers analyzed, taking into account the threshold line. However, in all groups, the multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains remained together and separated from the other strains.

Presenciamos la trayectoria de una usuaria-guía en el tratamiento para tuberculosis multidrogo resistente (TB-MDR). Las narrativas de las Redes Vivas en la producción de cuidado señalan: 1) cuidar en el acto de vivir: suplantar los estigmas y cultivar vínculos que ayuden a superar los discursos fomentados por el miedo, prejuicios, exclusión e invisibilidad de los sujetos. 2) Redes Vivas de cuidado: los entresijos de la norma y 3) las interfaces de atención usuario-trabajador de la salud: ¿cómo desmistificar el juicio de los trabajadores de la salud quienes, subordinados a protocolos limitantes, muchas veces estigmatizan al usuario como “abandonador de tratamiento”? La usuaria-guía vislumbró que cuidar es desterritorializarse, es colocar los deseos como potencia para trasformación, saliendo del modus operandi rumbo a la creatividad, colocando al usuario en el centro del proceso.

We followed the trajectory of a guiding user undergoing treatment for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). The narratives of Live Networks in care production showed: 1) Caring in the act of living: Overcoming stigmas and cultivating bonds that help overcome discourses fostered by fear, prejudice, exclusion and invisibility of subjects; 2) Live Networks of care: The in-betweens of the norm; and 3) Interfaces of user-health worker care: How can we demystify the judgment of health workers who, subordinated to limiting protocols, often stigmatize the user as someone who “abandons the treatment”? The guiding user perceived that caring means deterritorializing oneself, expressing one’s desires as power for transformation, and leaving the modus operandi towards creativity, with the user at the center of the process.

Vivenciamos a trajetória de uma usuária-guia no tratamento para tuberculose multidroga resistente (TB-MDR). As narrativas das redes vivas na produção de cuidado apontam para os seguintes itens: 1) cuidar no ato de viver: suplantar os estigmas e cultivar vínculos que ajudem a superar os discursos fomentados pelo medo, preconceitos, exclusão e invisibilidade dos sujeitos; 2) redes vivas de cuidado: os entremeios da norma; e 3) as interfaces de atenção usuário-trabalhador da saúde: como desmistificar o julgamento dos trabalhadores da saúde, que, subordinados a protocolos limitantes, muitas vezes estigmatizam o usuário como “abandonador de tratamento”?. A usuária-guia vislumbrou que cuidar é se desterritorializar, é colocar os desejos como potência para transformação, saindo do modus operandi rumo à criatividade, tendo o usuário no centro do processo.

Abstract Objectives: to identify the scientific evidence on excessively resistant and multidrug resistant tuberculosis in pediatric patients. Methods: this is a scope review of the literature, with a guiding question: “What is the scientific evidence on multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in pediatric patients?”. The research used the descriptors: “extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis” OR “multidrug-resistant tuberculosis” AND “pediatrics”. The research was carried out in a double-blind manner in the following databases of the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Regional Office for the Western Pacific’s Institutional Repository for Information Sharing, Embase/Elsevier and International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, with a temporal cut-off from 2011 to 2021, sending a final synthesized sample of 18 articles, which evaluated the methodological content through the level of evidence. Results: the results show the lack of research with a high level of evidence related to MDR-TB in children, the lack of adequate dosage of second-line drugs for the pediatric population and the importance of drug sensitivity testing for the cases of treatment Conclusions: it was identified that the obstacles to MDR-TB treatment were concentrated in the lack of detailed protocols, safe drug dosages with a low side effect, and mainly in the social health determinants and disease process involving MDR-TB.

Resumo Objetivos: identificar as evidências científicas sobre tuberculose excessivamente resistente e multidroga resistente em pacientes pediátricos. Métodos: trata-se de uma revisão de escopo da literatura, tendo como questão norteadora: “Quais as evidências científicas sobre tuberculose multidroga-resistente (TB-MDR) e tuberculose extensivamente resistente em pacientes pediátricos?” A pesquisa usou os descritores: “tuberculose extensivamente resistente a medicamentos” OR “tuberculose resistente a múltiplos medicamentos” AND “pediatria”. A pesquisa foi realizada de modo duplo-cego nas bases de dados Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Regional Office for the Western Pacific’s Institutional Repository for Information Sharing, Embase/Elsevier e International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, com um corte temporal de 2011 a 2021, sendo a amostra final sintetizada de 18 artigos, nos quais avaliou-se o conteúdo metodológico por meio do nível de evidência. Resultados: os resultados mostraram a escassez de pesquisas de alto nível de evidência relacionadas à TB-MDR em crianças, ausência de posologia adequada das drogas de segunda linha para o público pediátrico e a importância do teste de sensibilidade a drogas para o tratamento dos casos. Conclusões: identificou-se que os obstáculos do tratamento TB-MDR se concentraram na ausência de protocolos detalhados, de dosagens medicamentosas seguras e com menor efeito colateral, e, principalmente, nos determinantes sociais do processo saúde e doença que envolvem a TB-MDR.

ABSTRACT Tuberculosis stands as one of humanity’s oldest afflictions, intrinsically intertwined with social disparities. This formidable disease spares no age group and remains the prevailing cause of infection-induced mortality worldwide, particularly in developing nations. We present a case of a 56-year-old woman with diabetes who was diagnosed with Pulmonary Tuberculosis. After receiving antituberculosis drugs as part of her treatment, she experienced a range of systemic manifestations and suffered from severe ulcerative esophagitis. This adverse reaction led to uncontrollable gastrointestinal intolerance, tragically resulting in her untimely demise. The incident underscores the potential seriousness of adverse reactions that can arise from tuberculosis treatment medications.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: Patients with rheumatic diseases have an increased risk of infections, especially tuberculosis. In this study, we aimed to recognize the positivity rate of tuberculosis skin test in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and spondyloarthritis and the characteristics of the patients with positive results. METHODS: Retrospective study of tuberculosis skin test results in patients followed from 2004 to 2021 in a single rheumatology unit. Data related to clinical and epidemiological features, along with treatment information referring to the period in which the tuberculosis skin test was performed, were collected from patients’ charts. RESULTS: A total of 723 tests were identified (448 tests in 269 rheumatoid arthritis patients and 275 in 174 spondyloarthritis patients). In the rheumatoid arthritis sample, 31/275 (11.5%) individuals had positive tests, and in the spondyloarthritis, 38/174 (21.8%) had positive tests. In the rheumatoid arthritis sample, patients with positive tuberculosis skin tests used a higher dose of methotrexate than those with negative results (median of 25 mg/week versus median of 20 mg/week respectively; p=0.02). In the spondyloarthritis sample, tuberculosis skin test positivity was associated with alcohol ingestion (13.1% versus 2.9% in users and non-users respectively; p=0.02) and sulfasalazine use (15.7% of positivity in users versus 5% in non-users; p=0.01). CONCLUSION: The tuberculosis skin test-positive prevalence in rheumatoid arthritis was lower than in the spondyloarthritis sample. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis using a higher dosage of methotrexate or with spondyloarthritis using sulfasalazine had more frequency of tuberculosis skin test positivity and should be carefully followed by the attending physician in order to avoid the appearance of full-blown tuberculosis.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVES To evaluate the performance of geneXpert MTB/Rif versus conventional methods (bacilloscopy and culture) in the diagnosis of tuberculosis in a Central Public Health Laboratory (LACEN, Tocantins), Northern Brazil. METHODS Retrospective study, with information from 1,973 suspected cases of tuberculosis from patients treated from January 2015 to December 2020. RESULTS From the culture (reference standard), the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of the geneXpert MTB/Rif were 100%, 97%, 74%, 100%, and 97%, respectively, against 85%, 98%, 80%, 98%, and 97% of bacilloscopy. CONCLUSIONS The geneXpert MTB/Rif performed similarly to culture and better than bacilloscopy. Although positive cases with negative culture should be evaluated with caution, its routine use is important for the early detection of tuberculosis.

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar a tendência temporal da incidência da coinfecção tuberculose-HIV no Brasil, por macrorregião, Unidade da Federação, sexo e faixa etária, 2010-2021. Métodos Estudo de séries temporais, com dados de vigilância, para a estimativa de variações percentuais anuais médias (VPAM) e intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%), por joinpoint regression. Resultados Foram analisados 122.211 casos de coinfecção tuberculose-HIV; identificou-se tendência decrescente no país (VPAM = -4,3; IC95% 5,1;-3,7) e em suas regiões Sul (VPAM = -6,2; IC95% -6,9;-5,5) e Sudeste (VPAM = -4,6; IC95% -5,6;-3,8), acentuada durante a pandemia de covid-19 (2020-2021); observou-se maior tendência decrescente em Santa Catarina (VPAM = -9,3; IC95% -10,1;-8,5) e maior tendência crescente no Tocantins (VPAM = 4,1; IC95% 0,1;8,6); houve tendência de incremento no sexo masculino, destacando-se Sergipe (VPAM = 3,9; IC95% 0,4;7,9), e na faixa etária de 18-34 anos, sobressaindo-se o Amapá (VPAM = 7,9; IC95% 5,1;11,5). Conclusão Verificaram-se disparidades territoriais e demográficas na carga e nas tendências da coinfecção tuberculose-HIV.

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the temporal trend in the incidence of tuberculosis-HIV coinfection in Brazil, by macro-region, Federative Unit, sex and age group, from 2010 to 2021. Methods: This was a time series study using surveillance data to estimate average annual percentage changes (AAPC), and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) via joinpoint regression. Results: 122,211 cases of tuberculosis-HIV coinfection were analyzed; a falling trend was identified for Brazil as a whole (AAPC = -4.3; 95%CI -5.1;-3.7), and in the country’s Southern (AAPC = -6.2; 95%CI -6.9;-5.5) and Southeast (AAPC = -4.6; 95%CI -5.6;-3.8) regions, even more so during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2021); the greatest falling trend was seen in Santa Catarina (AAPC = -9.3; 95%CI -10.1;-8.5), while the greatest rising trend was found in Tocantins (AAPC = 4.1; 95%CI 0.1;8.6); there was a rising trend among males, especially in Sergipe (AAPC = 3.9; 95%CI 0.4;7.9), and those aged 18 to 34 years, especially in Amapá (AAPC = 7.9; 95%CI 5.1;11.5). Conclusion The burden and trends of tuberculosis-HIV coinfection were geographically and demographically disparate.

RESUMEN Objetivo Analizar la tendencia temporal de la incidencia de la coinfección tuberculosis-VIH en Brasil, por Macrorregión, Unidad Federativa, sexo y grupo de edad, 2010-2021. Métodos Estudio de series de tiempo, con datos de vigilancia para la estimación de cambios porcentuales anuales promedio (CPAP) e intervalos de confianza del 95% (IC95%) vía joinpoint regression. Resultados Se analizaron 122.211 casos de coinfección tuberculosis-VIH; se identificó tendencia decreciente en Brasil (CPAP = -4,3; IC95% -5,1;-3,7) y en las regiones Sur (CPAP = -6,2; IC95% -6,9;-5,5) y Sudeste (CPAP = -4,6; IC95% -5,6;-3,8), aumentando durante la pandemia de covid-19; mayor tendencia decreciente ocurrió en Santa Catarina (CPAP = -9,3; IC95% -10,1;-8,5) y creciente en Tocantins (CPAP = 4,1; IC95% 0,1;8,6); hubo tendencia al aumento en el sexo masculino, especialmente Sergipe (CPAP = 3,9; IC95% 0,4;7,9), y en los de 18 a 34 años, especialmente Amapá (CPAP = 7,9; IC95% 5,1;11,5). Conclusión Había disparidades territoriales y demográficas en la carga y las tendencias de la coinfección tuberculosis-VIH.

Abstract This ecological study of time trends and multiple groups evaluated incompleteness in the race/colour field of Brazilian health information system records and the related time trend, 2009-2018, for the diseases and disorders most prevalent in the black population. The Romero and Cunha (2006) classification was applied in order to examine incompleteness using secondary data from Brazil’s National Notifiable Diseases System, Hospital Information System and Mortality Information System, by administrative regions of Brazil, while percentage underreporting and time trend were calculated using simple linear regression models with Prais-Winsten correction (p-value<0.05). All records scored poorly except those for mortality from external causes (excellent), tuberculosis (good) and infant mortality (fair). An overall downward trend was observed in percentage incompleteness. Analysis by region found highest mean incompleteness in the North (30.5%), Northeast (33.3%) and Midwest (33.0%) regions. The Southeast and Northeast regions showed the strongest downward trends. The findings intended to increase visibility on the implications of the race/color field for health equity.

Resumo Propõe-se avaliar a incompletude e a tendência temporal do preenchimento do campo raça/cor das doenças e agravos mais prevalentes na população negra nos Sistemas de Informação em Saúde do Brasil, 2009-2018. Trata-se de estudo ecológico de tendência temporal e múltiplos grupos. Foi adotada a classificação de Romero e Cunha (2006) para análise da incompletude e utilizados dados secundários do Sistema Nacional de Agravos de Notificação, Sistema de Informações Hospitalares e Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade do Brasil e regiões brasileiras, calculada a proporção de subnotificação e a tendência temporal, utilizando o modelo de regressão linear simples, com correção Prais-Winsten (p-valor<0,05). Excetuando-se os registros de mortalidade por causas externas (excelente), tuberculose (bom) e mortalidade infantil (regular), todos os registros apresentaram escore ruim. Observou-se tendência decrescente da proporção de incompletude. A análise por região mostrou que as maiores médias de incompletude foram registradas na região Norte (30,5%), Nordeste (33,3%) e Centro-Oeste (33,0%). As regiões Sudeste e Nordeste foram as que mais apresentaram tendência decrescente. Os resultados visam ampliar a visibilidade acerca das implicações do preenchimento do campo raça/cor para a equidade em saúde.

Resumen: El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la presencia de infraestructura y proceso de trabajo adecuado en la atención primaria de salud (APS) para el diagnóstico, monitoreo y tratamiento de la tuberculosis (TB) en Brasil entre los años 2012 y 2018. Estudio de tendencia temporal realizado con datos de las unidades básicas de salud (UBS), evaluadas en los ciclos I (2012), II (2014) y III (2018) del Programa Nacional de Mejoría de Acceso y Calidad de la Atención Básica (PMAQ-AB). Se utilizó la regresión de mínimos cuadrados ponderada por varianza para estimar los cambios anuales, en puntos porcentuales de la infraestructura y el proceso de trabajo adecuado de la TB en relación con la macrorregión, el tamaño del municipio, el Índice Municipal de Desarrollo Humano y la cobertura de la Estrategia de Salud de la Familia. La muestra se compuso de 13.842 UBS y 17.202 equipos de salud en el ciclo I, 24.055 UBS y 29.778 equipos en el ciclo II y 28.939 UBS y 37.350 equipos en el ciclo III. Se observó una mejoría gradual en la proporción de infraestructura y proceso de trabajo en la atención de la TB a lo largo de los tres ciclos del PMAQ-AB, sin embargo, ningún local está completamente adecuado. Se verificó la mayor tendencia de infraestructura adecuada en la Región Sur y, en 2018, el 76,5% de las UBS tenían todas las herramientas para el cuidado de la TB. La Región Norte tuvo la mayor tendencia de proceso de trabajo adecuado y, en 2018, el 50,8% de los equipos tenían todo lo necesario para el cuidado de la TB. El Programa Nacional de Control de la Tuberculosis y el PMQA-AB contribuyeron para estos avances, pero aún es necesario promover políticas públicas que aseguren la mejoría continua de la asistencia de la TB en la APS y la eficacia de las medidas de control y prevención de la enfermedad.

Abstract: This study aimed to analyze the presence of infrastructure and adequate work processes in primary health care (PHC) for the diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of tuberculosis (TB) in Brazil from 2012 to 2018. This is a temporal trend study carried out with data from basic health units (BHU) evaluated in the cycles I (2012), II (2014), and III (2018) of the Brazilian National Program for Improvement of Access and Quality of Basic Care (PMAQ-AB). Variance-weighted least-squares regression was used to estimate annual changes, in percentage points, of the infrastructure and adequate work process of TB in relation to the macroregion, municipality size, Municipal Human Development Index, and Family Health Strategy coverage. The sample consisted of 13,842 BHU and 17,202 health teams in cycle I; 24,055 BHU and 29,778 teams in cycle II; and 28,939 BHU and 37,350 teams in cycle III. There was a gradual improvement in the proportion of infrastructure and work process for TB care over the three cycles of the PMAQ-AB, but none of the sites is fully adequate. The greatest trend of adequate infrastructure was observed in the South Region, and in 2018, 76.5% of the UBS had all the instruments for TB care. The greatest trend of adequate work process was in the North Region, and in 2018, 50.8% of the teams had all the items for TB care. The Brazilian National Program for Tuberculosis Control and the PMAQ-AB have contributed to these advances, but there is still a need to promote public policies that ensure the continuous improvement of TB care in PHC, the effectiveness of TB control and prevention measures.

Resumo: O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a presença de infraestrutura e processo de trabalho adequados na atenção primária à saúde (APS) para o diagnóstico, o monitoramento e o tratamento da tuberculose (TB) no Brasil de 2012 a 2018. Estudo de tendência temporal realizado com dados das unidades básicas de saúde (UBS) avaliadas nos ciclos I (2012), II (2014) e III (2018) do Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica (PMAQ-AB). Foi empregada a regressão de mínimos quadrados ponderada por variância para estimar as mudanças anuais, em pontos percentuais da infraestrutura e processo de trabalho adequado da TB em relação à macrorregião, ao porte do município e ao Índice Municipal de Desenvolvimento Humano e cobertura da Estratégia Saúde da Família. A amostra foi composta por 13.842 UBS e 17.202 equipes de saúde no ciclo I, 24.055 UBS e 29.778 equipes no II e 28.939 UBS e 37.350 equipes no III. Observou-se melhora gradual na proporção de infraestrutura e processo de trabalho ao atendimento da TB ao longo dos três ciclos do PMAQ-AB; contudo, nenhum local está integralmente adequado. A maior tendência de infraestrutura adequada foi verificada na Região Sul e no ano de 2018, em que 76,5% das UBS tinham todos os instrumentos para o cuidado à TB. A maior tendência de processo de trabalho adequado foi na Região Norte e no ano de 2018, em que 50,8% das equipes tinham a totalidade de itens para o cuidado à TB. O Programa Nacional de Controle da Tuberculose e o PMAQ-AB contribuíram para tais avanços, mas ainda é necessário o fomento de políticas públicas que garantam a melhoria contínua da assistência à TB na APS e a eficácia das medidas de controle e prevenção da doença.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The growing availability of devices for mobile learning has created new opportunities for teaching. With the development of smartphone apps based on audience response systems, there is a possibility to quickly assess student knowledge. The education of health professionals, including medical students, is an essential strategy for tuberculosis control. In the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, audience response systems are very useful as online assessment tools. The aim of this study was to use the audience response systems Socrative to assess medical students during a class on tuberculosis. METHODS: This is a quasi-experimental before-and-after study, with pre- and post-tests carried out through the Socrative app, respectively, before and after a lecture on tuberculosis for medical students. Also, a cross-sectional study was carried out after the course to evaluate the participant's satisfaction through an electronic, structured questionnaire with a Likert-type scale. RESULTS: A total of 126 students were included in the study. The overall mean pre- and post-test scores were 5.98±1.59 and 8.37±1.36, respectively, with a statistically significant difference (p<0.0001). Almost all students were totally satisfied with the use of Socrative on pre- and post-tests. CONCLUSION: This study describes how the use of Socrative in a tuberculosis class was well received by students. In addition, the baseline knowledge on tuberculosis was low in some topics, with some improvement after the lecture. These findings emphasize the need to further improve the students’ knowledge on tuberculosis and help instructors customize the lecture based on the gaps identified in the Socrative assessment.

ABSTRACT Objective: To conduct a bibliographic review on tuberculosis (TB) disease in children and adolescents with rheumatic diseases, being managed with biologic therapy. Data source: An integrative review with a search in the U.S. National Library of Medicine and the National Institutes of Health (PubMed) using the following descriptors and Boolean operators: ([“tuberculosis”] AND ([“children”] OR [“adolescent”]) AND [“rheumatic diseases”] AND ([“tumor necrosis factor-alpha”] OR [“etanercept”] OR [“adalimumab”] OR [“infliximab”] OR [“biological drugs”] OR [“rituximab”] OR [“belimumab”] OR [“tocilizumab”] OR [“canakinumab”] OR [“golimumab”] OR [“secukinumab”] OR [“ustekinumab”] OR [“tofacitinib”] OR [“baricitinib”] OR [“anakinra”] OR [“rilonacept”] OR [“abatacept”]), between January 2010 and October 2021. Data synthesis: Thirty-seven articles were included, with the total number of 36,198 patients. There were 81 cases of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), 80 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), and four of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB). The main rheumatic disease was juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Among LTBI cases, most were diagnosed at screening and none progressed to TB disease during follow-up. Of the TB cases using biologics, most used tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors (anti-TNFα) drugs. There was only one death. Conclusions: The study revealed a low rate of active TB in pediatric patients using biologic therapy. Screening for LTBI before initiating biologics should be done in all patients, and treatment, in cases of positive screening, plays a critical role in preventing progression to TB disease.

RESUMO Objetivo: Fazer um levantamento bibliográfico referente à tuberculose (TB) em crianças e adolescentes com doenças reumáticas, em uso de imunobiológicos. Fonte de dados: Revisão integrativa com busca na base United States National Library of Medicine (PubMed) utilizando os descritores e operadores booleanos: ([“tuberculosis”] AND ([“children”] OR [“adolescent”]) AND [“rheumatic diseases”] AND ([“tumor necrosis fator-alpha”] OR [“etanercept”] OR [“adalimumab”] OR [“infliximab”] OR [“biological drugs”] OR [“rituximab”] OR [“belimumab”] OR [“tocilizumab”] OR [“canakinumab”] OR [“golimumab”] OR [“secukinumab”] OR [“ustekinumab”] OR [“tofacitinib”] OR [“baricitinib”] OR [“anakinra”] OR [“rilonacept”] OR [“abatacept”]), entre janeiro de 2010 e outubro de 2021. Síntese de dados: Trinta e sete artigos foram incluídos, com o total de 36.198 pacientes. Houve 81 casos de tuberculose latente (ILTB), 80 casos de tuberculose pulmonar (TBP) e quatro casos de tuberculose extrapulmonar (TBEP). A principal doença reumática foi a artrite idiopática juvenil. Entre os casos de ILTB, a maioria foi diagnosticada no rastreio e nenhum evoluiu para a TB. Dos casos de TB em uso de imunobiológicos, a maioria utilizava fármacos antiTNFα. Houve somente um caso de óbito. Conclusões: O estudo demonstrou baixa taxa de TB nos pacientes pediátricos em uso de imunobiológicos. O rastreio para ILTB antes do início da terapia com agentes biológicos deve ser realizado em todos os pacientes, e o tratamento, nos casos de rastreio positivo, é importante para evitar a progressão para TB doença.

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify how patient-centered care has been addressed in tuberculosis studies with adolescents. Data source: We searched for articles published in Portuguese, Spanish and English in the Virtual Health Library (LILACS), PubMed (MedLine), and Scopus (Elsevier) databases, from 2000 to 2020, using descriptors (DeCS, MeSH) in Portuguese and English. Data synthesis: 1,322 studies were identified, of which 18 were selected. The main themes found were related to adherence to tuberculosis treatment, knowledge, attitudes and practices, health education, and public policies. Conclusions: We observed that both the number of researchers dedicated to the topic and the presence of a truly person-centered view are still scarce elements in tuberculosis among adolescents research.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar, por meio de uma revisão integrativa, como o cuidado centrado no paciente tem sido abordado nos estudos de tuberculose com adolescentes. Fontes de dados: Buscamos artigos publicados em português, espanhol e inglês nas bases de dados da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde - BVS (LILACS), PubMed (MedLine) e Scopus (Elsevier), de 2000 a 2020, utilizando descritores (DeCS, MeSH) em português e inglês. Síntese dos dados: Foram identificados 1.322 estudos, dos quais 18 foram selecionados. Os principais temas encontrados foram relacionados à adesão ao tratamento da tuberculose, conhecimentos, atitudes e práticas, educação em saúde e políticas públicas. Conclusões: Observamos que tanto o número de pesquisadores dedicados ao tema quanto a presença de uma visão verdadeiramente centrada na pessoa ainda são elementos escassos na pesquisa da tuberculose entre adolescentes.

Resumen Introducción : El proyecto de fortalecimiento en Vigi lancia Epidemiológica en Tuberculosis (VET) del Hospital Muñiz, Buenos Aires (Argentina), busca mejorar los re sultados operacionales relacionados en mayor medida al diagnóstico precoz de la enfermedad, estableciendo como objetivo la identificación oportuna de personas enfermas de tuberculosis (TB) que consultan posterior a la pandemia por COVID-19. Métodos : Se realizó un análisis FODA (Fortalezas, Oportunidades, Debilidades, Amenazas): una herramien ta esencial en la planeación estratégica, que proporciona información necesaria para la implementación de accio nes y medidas correctivas, generación de nuevos pro yectos de mejora, donde se evaluó la situación interna de la institución para determinar las FODA presentadas después de la pandemia COVID-19, a fin de desarrollar un fortalecimiento en VET, mediante vigilancia epide miológica de campo. Resultados : Se cuenta con personal capacitado, posi bilidad de diagnóstico precoz y control oportuno, gene rado desde la Unidad Febril de Urgencias. El servicio de guardia presenta adecuado control de la población con TB, que posibilita la coordinación y trabajo en conjunto con otros programas ministeriales. Existe capacidad de respuesta de la institución ante los brotes, epidemias y pandemias. Discusión : La aplicación de este proyecto incorporará una actividad de fortalecimiento en vigilancia epidemio lógica, donde el Hospital Muñiz, mediante el abordaje integral y la identificación de casos nuevos de respuesta a las necesidades de la población con TB. Se proporcio nará así información válida y confiable para la preven ción y control de la TB en la institución después de la pandemia por COVID-19.

Abstract Introduction : The Hospital Muñiz’s “Strengthening Epidemiological Surveillance in Tuberculosis (VET) Proj ect” is focused on improving operational outcomes, spe cifically by enhancing early TB diagnosis. Our primary aim is to promptly identify individuals with tuberculo sis (TB) who seek care at our institution following the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods : A SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) was carried out. It is an essential tool in strategic planning, which provides information for the implementation of actions and corrective measures in the generation of new improvement projects. The internal situation of the institution was evaluated to determine SWOT after the COVID-19 pandemic, in order to strengthen VET, through field epidemiological surveillance. Results : There are trained personnel, the possibility of early diagnosis and its opportune control generated from the Febrile Emergency Unit. The on-call service has an adequate control of the TB population that enables coordination and joint work with other programs (HIV), response capacity of the institution to outbreaks, epi demics and pandemics. Discussion : The application of this project will in corporate a strengthening activity in epidemiological surveillance, where the Muñiz Hospital, through a com prehensive approach and the identification of new cases, responds to the needs of the local population with TB. This will provide valid and reliable information for the prevention and control of TB in the institution after the COVID-19 pandemic.