ABSTRACT Several species from Maytenus genus (Celastraceae family) show anti-inflammatory activity associated to terpene presence. Thus we intend to isolate and characterize triterpenes having potential anti-inflammatory activity from the bark of Maytenus elaeodendroides Griseb. Isolation, purification and structural elucidation of such compounds were achieved by maceration with petroleum ether/diethyl ether (1:1), followed by chromatographic and spectroscopic methods. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by inhibition of Croton oil- induced ear edema in mice. The triterpenes isolated were: 28-hydroxy-3-oxo-20(29)-lupene, 16-hydroxy-3-oxo-20(29)-lupene (herein found for the first time in the Celastraceae family), 3dihydroxy-20(29)-lupene and acid 3-oxo-20(29)-lupene-28-oic. At certain doses the obtained extract showed an anti-inflammatory effect as potent as that exhibited by diclofenac (reference drug). This is the first time it is reported an anti-inflammatory activity for 16-hydroxy-3-oxo-20(29)-lupene. An increase in the anti-inflammatory activity of this last terpene is probably related to the presence of carbonile group in C-3.

RESUMEN Varias especies del género Maytenus (Celastraceae) presentan actividad anti-inflamatoria atribuida a metabolitos del tipo triterpenoides. Por ello, el objetivo de este trabajo fue aislar y caracterizar triterpenos con potencial actividad anti-inflamatoria a partir de la corteza del Maytenus elaeodendroides Griseb. El aislamiento, purificación y elucidación estructural de tales compuestos se realizó mediante maceración con éter de petróleo/ éter dietílico (1:1), diferentes métodos cromatográficos y espectroscópicos. La actividad anti-inflamatoria fue evaluada mediante la inhibición en ratones del edema del oído, inducido por aceite de Croton. Los triterpenos aislados fueron: 28-hidroxi-3-oxo-20(29)-lupeno, 16-hidroxi-3-oxo-20(29)-lupeno (por primera vez aislado en la familia Celastraceae); 3dihidroxi-20(29)-lupeno y el ácido 3-oxo-20(29)-lupeno-28-oico. A ciertas dosis el extracto obtenido mostró efecto anti-inflamatorio tan potente como el mostrado por el diclofenaco (fármaco de referencia). Por primera vez se reporta actividad anti-inflamatoria del 16-hidroxi-3-oxo-20(29)-lupeno. El incremento en la actividad antinflamatoria de este triterpeno está relacionado con la presencia de un grupo carbonilo en C-3.

Resumen En este trabajo se propuso un método para obtener ácido ursólico (AU) de manera fácil, rápida y económica teniendo como materia prima la planta medicinal Clinopodium revolutum endémica del Perú, conocida y comercializada con el nombre de flor de arena o té indio. La técnica de recristalización selectiva que se empleó resultó ser eficiente debido a que se obtuvieron cristales de AU sin la necesidad de métodos cromatográficos de purificación ni el uso de solventes tóxicos. La pureza determinada por HPLC es mayor a 95%. Así, la flor de arena se convierte en una importante biofuente de este compuesto.

Abstract A method to obtain ursolic acid (UA) in an easy, fast, and economical way was proposed, having as raw material the medicinal plant Clinopodium revolutum from Peru. This plant is known and marketed as flor de arena or té indio. The selective recrystallization technique used was efficient since UA crystals were obtained without the need for chromatographic purification methods or the use of toxic solvents. The purity determined by HPLC is greater than 95%. Thus, the flor de arena becomes an important biosource of this compound.

Resumo Este trabalho apresenta um método para a obtenção de ácido ursólico (AU) de forma fácil, rápida e barata tendo como matéria prima a planta medicinal Clinopodium revolutum endêmica do Perú, conhecida e comercializada pelo nome de flor de arena ou té indio. A técnica seletiva de recristalização resultou ser eficiente, devido os cristais da AU foram obtidos sem a necessidade de métodos cromatográficos de purificação nem a utilização de solventes tóxicos. A pureza determinada pela HPLC é superior a 95%. Assim, a flor de arena torna-se uma biofonte importante deste composto.

RESUMEN Spanish title: Alto contenido de ácido oleanólico en plantas bolivianas de altitud. El ácido oleanólico es un triterpeno pentaciclico ampliamente distribuido en el reino vegetal, posee diversas propiedades farmacológicas y ha sido comercializado en China como droga hepatoprotectora desde hace décadas. Las plantas son la principal fuente de este interesante compuesto, en este sentido, durante este estudio cuantificamos este metabolito en varias plantas bolivianas de altura (Tetraglochin cristatum, Lampaya castellani, Junellia seriphioides, Baccharis tola, Polylepis tomentella, P. hieronyni, P. besseri y Satureja boliviana) por un método de cromatografía líquida de alta resolución (HPLC). La cantidad determinada (2,87 a 22,69 mg/g) fue mayor que la concentración reportada en frutos de oliva (0,17-0,56 mg/g) y similar a la reportada para hojas de oliva (31,00 mg/g) la fuente más importante de ácido oleanólico comercial. Por lo que especies nativas, como Junellia seriphioides (22,69 mg/g), Lampaya castellani (13,87 mg/g), Baccharis tola (11,93 mg/g) y Polylepis besseri corteza (11,06 mg/g) son una interesante potencial fuente natural de ácido oleanólico en la región.

ABSTRACT Oleanolic acid is a pentacyclic triterpenoid widely distributed in the plant kingdom, it has several pharmacological properties and it has been marketed in China as hepatoprotective drug since decades. The plants are the main source of this interesting compound, in this sense; during this study we quantified this metabolite in several Bolivian highland plants (Tetraglochin cristatum, Lampaya castellani, Junellia seriphioides, Baccharis tola, Polylepis tomentella, P. hieronyni, P. besseri and Satureja boliviana) by a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. The amount determined (2,87 to 22,69 mg/g) was higher than the concentration reported for the olive fruit (0,17-0,56 mg/g) and similar than the reported for olive leaf (31,0 mg/g) which is the main source of commercial oleanolic acid. So native species, such as Junellia seriphioides (22,69 mg/g), Lampaya castellani (13,87 mg/g), Baccharis tola (11,93 mg/g) and Polylepis besseri bark (11,06 mg/g) are an interesting potential natural source of oleanolic acid in the región.

Resumen [23] Syzygium cumini es una planta perteneciente a las Myrtaceae, nativa de India, utilizada en la medicina tradicional como antidiabética, hipolipidémica, gastoprotectora, entre otros. Para determinar la composición química de los extractos etéreos del fruto de S. cumini (jambool), se emplearon dos muestras del fruto de S. cumini en diferentes estados fueron maceradas en éter de petróleo. Los extractos fueron analizados por Cromatografía de gases -Espectrometría de Masas e identificados por comparación de sus espectros con la base de espectros NIST, Wiley y Adams. Donde en el extracto del fruto maduro se identificaron compuestos como β-guaieno (32.8 %), triterpeno -derivado de la amirina- (9,8%), trans-cariofileno (5,4%); mientras en el fruto seco están β-guaieno (26,2 %), benzoato de bencilo (14,7%), trans-cariofileno (4,5%); además se evidenciaron otros constituyentes minoritarios como β-pineno y p-cimeno; logrando identificar 47 compuestos entre terpenos y aromáticos, como componente mayoritario se identificó el β- guaieno.

Abstract [27] Syzygium cumini is a plant belonging to the family Myrtaceae, native to India, used in traditional medicine as antidiabetic, hypolipidemic, gastoprotector, among others. To determine the chemical composition of the ether extracts of the fruit of S. cumini (Jambool), they were used two samples of the fruit of S. cumini in different states were macerated in petroleum ether. The extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and identified by comparison of their spectra with the spectra base NIST, Wiley and Adams. Where in the extract of the ripe fruit they were identified as compounds βguaieno (32,8%), triterpene- amyrin Derivative- (9,8%), transcaryophyllene (5,4%), while in the nut are βguaieno (26,2%), benzyl benzoate (14,7%), transcaryophyllene (4,5%), also other minor constituents were evident as β-pinene and p-cymene; succeeded in identifying 47 compounds between terpenes and aromatic compounds, as the major component was identified β- guaieno.

resumo Sidastrum micranthum (A. St.-Hil.) Fryxell, pertencente à família Malvaceae, é conhecida no Brasil como "malva preta". A espécie é popularmente usada contra bronquite, tosse e asma, mostrando a relevância de conhecer melhor sua composição química. O estudo fitoquímico do extrato hexânico da espécie, utilizando técnicas cromatográficas, conduziu ao isolamento de seis compostos: o triterpeno isoarborinol, mistura de sitosterol e estigmasterol, sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glicopiranosídeo, feofitina a e de 132-hidroxi-(132-S)-feofitina a. A identificação estrutural destes compostos foi realizada com base em métodos espectroscópicos, tais como IV, RMN 1D e 2D (HOMOCOSY, HMQC, HMBC e NOESY). As substâncias isoladas de Sidastrum micranthum foram avaliadas quanto às suas atividades antimicrobianas in vitro, contra vinte cepas fúngicas e bacterianas. A feofitina a mostrou ação antimicrobiana contra todos os microrganismos testados.

abstract Sidastrum micranthum (A. St.-Hil.) Fryxell, a member of the Malvaceae family, is called malva preta in Brazil. As this species is commonly used to treat bronchitis, cough, and asthma, better knowledge of its chemical compounds is important. The phytochemical study of its hexane extract, using chromatographic techniques, led to isolation of six compounds: the triterpene isoarborinol, a mixture of sitosterol and stigmasterol, sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, pheophytin a, and 132-hydroxy-(132-S)-pheophytin a. Structural identification of these compounds was carried out using spectroscopic methods such as IR and 1D and 2D NMR (HOMOCOSY, HMQC, HMBC, and NOESY). Compounds isolated from S. micranthum were screened for their in vitro antifungal and antibacterial activity against twenty fungal and bacterial standard strains. Pheophytin a exhibited antimicrobial action against all microorganisms tested.

A atividade in vitro de queleritrina e lupeol, dois metabólitos isolados de Zanthoxylumrhoifolium, foram estudados contra o veneno da cobra Bungarus sindanus (Elapidae). O veneno, que é altamente tóxico para os seres humanos, é constituído principalmente pela enzima acetilcolinesterase (AChE). Ambos os compostos apresentaram atividade contra o veneno, e o alcalóide queleritrina apresentou maior atividade do que triterpeno lupeol.

The in vitro activity of chelerythrine and lupeol, two metabolites isolated from Zanthoxylum rhoifolium were studied against the venom of the snake Bungarus sindanus (Elapidae). The venom, which is highly toxic to humans, consists mainly by the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Both compounds showed activity against the venom, and the alkaloid chelerythrine presented higher activity than did triterpene lupeol.

Betulinic acid is a triterpene with remarkable biological activities, including anticancer and highlights the anti -HIV activity. In recent years, nanoemulsions have been used as delivery systems to improve the bioavailability of lipophilic bioactive compounds. In this work response surface methodology (RSM) by a central composite design was employed to evaluate the effects of emulsification power, ultrasonication time, emulsifier concentration in the characteristics of betulinic acid nanoemulsions. Optimal conditions for nanoemulsions fomiation were obtained and different emulsifiers and oils as the dispersed phase were studied. The effect of pH on globule size and zeta potential of betulinic acid nanoemulsions was studied. The statistical model used for globule size effectively fitted the experimental data with a R² of 0.94. Operating conditions (power and emulsification time) and the quadratic terms, had significant effects on globule size. The optimal conditions to prepare nanoemulsions with an mean diameter of 64 nm were using 159%) emulsifier (tween 60), and an ultrasonication power of 20 W during 220 s. Nanoemulsions prepared with medium chain oil as the dispersed phase had the lowest mean globule size; however, after storage time, nanoemulsions with the mixture medium chain oil:olive oil, the globule size remained unaltered. The pH variation changed the globule surface charge, values from -30 mV were obtained, and after storage time there was no significant change in the zeta potential.

El ácido betulínico es un triterpeno con actividades biológicas notables; entre ellas se destacan la anticancerígena y anti-VIH. En los últimos años, las nanoemulsiones se han utilizado como sistemas de suministro para mejorar la biodisponibilidad de compuestos bioactivos lipofílicos. En este trabajo se empleó la metodología de superficie de respuesta (RSM) mediante un diseño compuesto central para evaluar los efectos de la potencia de emulsificación, el tiempo de tratamiento con ultrasonido, y la concentración de emulsificante en las características de las nanoemulsiones con ácido betulínico. Se obtuvieron condiciones óptimas de formación de las nanoemulsiones y se probaron diferentes emulsificantes y aceites como fase dispersa. Se estudió el efecto del pH en el tamaño de glóbulo y el potencial zeta de las nanoemulsiones. El modelo estadístico utilizado para el tamaño de glóbulo se ajustó con eficacia a los datos experimentales con un R² de 0.94. Las condiciones de operacion (potencia y tiempo de emulsificación), así como sus terminos cuadraticos, tuvieron efecto significativo en el tamaño de glóbulo obtenido. Las condiciones óptimas para la formación de nanoemulsiones con un diametro medio de 64 nm fueron 15% de emulsionante (tween 60), y una potencia de ultrasonicacion de 20W durante 220s. Las nanoemulsiones con el aceite de cadena media como fase dispersa tuvieron el menor tamaño de glóbulo, sin embargo, después del almacenamiento, en las nanoemulsiones con la mezcla de aceite de cadena media: aceite de oliva, el tamaño de glóbulo permaneció sin cambios. La variación del pH, cambio la carga superficial de los glóbulos, se obtuvieron valores de -30 mV, y después del tiempo de almacenamiento no hubo cambio significativo en el potencial zeta.

O extrato etanólico da casca do caule de Sacoglottis uchi Huber (conhecida popularmente como “uchi” na Amazônia) foi submetido a fracionamento cromatográfico. As frações eluídas com diclorometano forneceram o triterpeno pentacíclico 3-oxo-friedelina (1). As frações em diclorometano:metanol forneceram os triterpenos pentacíclicos pseudotaraxasterol (2), lupeol (3), a-amirina (4), betulina (5) e 2ß,3ß-di-hidroxi-urs-12-en-28-oato de metila (6), além de uma mistura dos esteróides sitosterol (7) e estigmasterol (8). Suas estruturas químicas foram determinadas por espectroscopia de RMN e comparação com os dados espectroscópicos descritos na literatura. Todas as substâncias isoladas são descritas pela primeira vez nesta espécie.

The ethanol extract from stem bark of Sacoglottis uchi Huber (popularly known as “uchi” in the Amazon Region) was submitted to chromatographic fractionation. The dichloromethane fractions provided the pentacyclic triterpene 3-oxo-friedelin (1). The dichloromethane:methanol fractions provided the pentacyclic triterpenes pseudotaraxasterol (2), lupeol (3), a-amyrin (4), betulin (5), and methyl 2ß,3ß-dihydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oate (6) and a mixture of the steroids sitosterol (7) and stigmasterol (8). Their chemical structures were determined by NMR spectroscopy and comparison with spectroscopic data from the literature. All compounds are described for the first time in this species.

O estudo fitoquímico das folhas de Maytenus distichophylla Mart. ex Reissek levou ao isolamento de um novo triterpeno 3,16,21-trioxo-6β,12α-dihidroxi-1-en-friedelano, nomeado maytensifolona, juntamente com os triterpenos conhecidos, 3-oxofriedelano, 3,12-dioxofriedelano, 3β-hidroxifriedelano, 3-oxo-29-hidroxifriedelano, 3-oxo-12α-hidroxifriedelano e 3-oxo-30-hidroxifriedelano. A identificação estrutural foi baseada em métodos espectroscópicos e comparação com dados da literatura

Phytochemical study of the leaves of Maytenus distichophylla Mart. ex Reissek led to the isolation of the new triterpene 3,16,21-trioxo-6β,12α-dihydroxy-1-en-friedelane, named maytensifolone, along with the known triterpenes 3-oxofriedelane, 3,12-dioxofriedelane, 3β-hydroxyfriedelane, 3-oxo-29-hydroxyfriedelane, 3-oxo-12α-hydroxyfriedelane and 3-oxo-30-hydroxyfriedelane. Their structural identification was based on spectroscopic methods and comparison with literature data.

A investigação fitoquímica das raízes de Maytenus royleanus resultou no isolamento de um novo triterpeno citotóxico, denominado ácido ficusônico, ou ácido 3β,21β-diidroxiolean-12-en29-óico, juntamente com três compostos conhecidos, ácido 3α,22β-diidroxiolean-12-en-29-óico, ácido salaspérmico e ácido ortosfênico, relatados pela primeira vez nesta espécie. Suas estruturas foram estabelecidas com base em técnicas espectroscópicas. A atividade citotóxica do composto ácido 3β,21β-diidroxiolean-12-en-29-óico foi avaliada contra duas linhagens de células de câncer: PC-3 (próstata) e HeLa (cervical). O ácido 3β,21β-diidroxiolean-12-en-29-óico apresentou fraca atividade contra PC-3 (IC50 = 35,42 µmol L-1), todavia contra HeLa (IC50 = 20,47 µmol L-1) sua atividade foi moderada.

Phytochemical investigation of the roots of Maytenus royleanus resulted into the isolation of a new cytotoxic triterpene ficusonic acid, 3β,21β-dihydroxyolean-12-en-29-oic acid, together with three known compounds, 3α,22β-dihydroxyolean-12-en-29-oic acid, salaspermic acid and orthosphenic acid, reported for the first time from this source. Their structures were established on the basis of extensive spectroscopic techniques. The cytotoxic activity of compound 3β,21β-dihydroxyolean-12-en-29-oic acid was evaluated against two cancer cell lines, PC-3 prostate and HeLa cervical cancer lines. 3β,21β-dihydroxyolean-12-en-29-oic acid showed weak activity against PC-3 (IC50 = 35.42 µmol L-1) however against HeLa (IC50 = 20.47 µmol L-1), its activity was moderate.

O estudo fitoquímico das flores e frutos verdes de Senna spectabilis forneceu um novo alcaloide 2,6-dialquilpiperidin-3-ol chamado de (-)-7-hidróxi-cassina, juntamente com cinco alcaloides conhecidos: (-)-cassina, (-)-espectalina, (-)-3-O-acetil-espectalina, (-)-7-hidróxi-espectalina e (-)-6-iso-espectalina. Além dos alcaloides, também foram isolados constituintes químicos de outras classes como o esteroide β-sitosterol, os flavonoides luteolina e 3-metóxi-luteolina, o triterpeno ácido betulínico e o ácido trans-cinâmico. A partir do levantamento bibliográfico foi possível observar que os compostos estão sendo relatados pela primeira vez nesta espécie.

The phytochemical study of flowers and green fruits of Senna spectabilis furnished a new substituted 2,6-dialkylpiperidin-3-ol alkaloid, named (-)-7-hydroxycassine, along with five known piperidine alkaloids: (-)-cassine, (-)-spectaline, (-)-3-O-acetylspectaline, (-)-7-hydroxyspectaline and (-)-iso-6-spectaline. In addition to non-alkaloidal, chemical constituents from other chemical classes were also identified, including the steroid β-sitosterol, the flavonoids luteolin and 3-methoxyluteolin, the triterpene betulinic acid and trans-cinnamic acid. To our knowledge, compounds are being reported for the first time in this species.

Este trabalho tem por objetivo o isolamento de inibidores da enzima ácido graxo sintase (FAS) a partir de acetato de etila proveniente de extratos de cascas de frutas da Punica granatum L. A investigação química guiada por bioensaios das cascas das frutas resultou no isolamento de dezessete compostos incluindo principalmente triternóides e compostos fenólicos, dos quais um novo triterpeno do tipo oleanano (punicaone) juntamente com quatorze compostos conhecidos foram isolados pela primeira vez a partir desta planta. Sete dos componentes isolados foram avaliados para atividades inibitórias de FAS e dois deles apresentaram-se ativos. Em particular, o ácido flavogalônico que exibiu forte atividade inibitória de FAS com valor de IC50 de 10,3 µmol L-1.

The aim of this work is the isolation of fatty acid synthase (FAS) inhibitors from the ethyl acetate extracts of fruit peels of Punica granatum L. Bioassay-guided chemical investigation of the fruit peels resulted in the isolation of seventeen compounds mainly including triterpenoids and phenolic compounds, from which one new oleanane-type triterpene (punicaone) along with fourteen known compounds were isolated for the first time from this plant. Seven isolates were evaluated for inhibitory activities of FAS and two compounds showed to be active. Particularly, flavogallonic acid exhibited strong FAS inhibitory activity with IC50 value of 10.3 µmol L-1.

A baccharane-type triterpene (1), four oleanane-type triterpenes (2-5) and twelve oleanane-type bidesmodic saponins (6-17) were subjected to antioxidant, antimicrobial and antitopoisomerase evaluation. Moderate antimicrobial activity was observed (zone of inhibition in millimeters); triterpenes 2-4 were toxic to Staphylococcus epidermidis (13.20 ± 0.00; 11.75 ± 0.07; 9.85 ± 0.21, respectively), while baccharis oxide (1) inhibited the growth of S. epidermidis (14.75 ± 0.35), Candida albicans (20.55 ± 0.92), Escherichia coli (14.80 ± 1.13) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (16.35 ± 0.49). Polygalacic acid (4), 6, 7, 15 and 16 showed growth inhibition of C. albicans (13.50 ± 0.71; 11.00 ± 00; 8.50 ± 0.71; 11.70 ± 0.14; 10.50 ± 0.71, respectively). The growth inhibition of S. epidermidis was achieved by 8 (9.00 ± 1.41) and 15 (9.00 ± 0.00); while the last compound inhibited the growth of K. pneumoniae (9.50 ± 0.71). The tested compound concentration for antitopoisomerase activity was between 1.8-13.8 times of those used as positive controls (CPT= 0.1435 μM, ETP = 0.0849 μM), showing that 1 (1.1726 μM), is topoisomerase I inhibitor. Methylated oleanolic acid (3a, 0.7128 μM), together with 9 (0.3650 μM), 13 (0.3294 μM) and 14 (0.3691 μM) showed antitopoisomerase II activity. None of all tested compounds showed significant antioxidant activity using the DPPH method.

Se evaluó la actividad antioxidante, antimicrobiana y antitopoisomerasa de un triterpeno tipo bacharano (1 ), cuatro triterpenos tipo oleanano (2-5) y doce saponinas bidesmódicas tipo oleanano (6-17). Los triterpenos 2-4 mostraron actividad antimicrobiana (zona de inhibición en milímetros) en contra de Staphylococcus epidermidis (13.20 ± 0.00; 11.75 ± 0.07; 9.85 ± 0.21, respectivamente), en tanto que el óxido de baccharis (1 ) inhibió el crecimiento de S. epidermidis (14.75 ± 0.35), Candida albicans (20.55 ± 0.92), Escherichia coli (14.80 ± 1.13) y Klebsiella pneumoniae (16.35 ± 0.49). El ácido poligalácico (4), 7, 6, 15 y 16 inhibieron el crecimiento de C. albicans (13.50 ± 0.71; 11.00 ± 00; 8.50 ± 0.71; 11.70 ± 0.14; 10.50 ± 0.71, respectivamente), el crecimiento de S. epidermidis fue inhibido por 8 (9.00 ± 1.41) y 15 (9.00 ± 0.00). Este último compuesto inhibió además el crecimiento de K. pneumoniae (9.50 ± 0.71). En la evaluación antitopoisomerasa de 1-17 usando concentraciones entre 1.8 y 13.8 veces mayores que las correspondientes a los controles positivos (CPT= 0.1435 μM, ETP = 0.0849 μM) se demostró que 1 (1.1726 μM) es inhibidor tipo I de la enzima. El derivado metilado del ácido oleanólico (3a, 0.7128 μM) y las saponinas 9 (0.3650 μM), 13 (0.3294 μM) y 14 (0.3691 μM) mostraron actividad antitopoisomerasa II. En la evaluación antioxidante por el método del radical libre DPPH ningún compuesto mostró actividad significativa.

Introduction: Pedilanthus tithymaloides is known as ítamo real and it has been previously reported as an alternative to treatment of oral cavity virus infections. Objective: to explain procedures to characterize one of the major compounds isolated from dichloromethane extracts of Pedilanthus tithymaloides (L.) Poit (leaves). Methods: it was obtained cycloartanol from dichloromethane extract modifying polarity of the solvents with methanol and by increasing polarity to extract, they were used chromatography technique and spectroscopic of nuclear magnetic resonance H+ and 13C to characterize this compounds. Results: phytochemical studies showed quality parameters that were similar to average limits in the use of majority of medicinal plants except total ashes assay (13 %), qualitative determination assay suggest presence of reducers compounds, quinone, phenols and/or tannins, triterpene and/or steroids. And they were compared spectrum carbon 13 (13C) of the substance obtained from extract of this plant with other reported in literature to cycloartanol and found coincidence in majority of carbons compared. Conclusions: cycloartanol triterpene was one of main compounds of dichloromethane extract of Pedilanthus tithymaloides (L) Poit leaves.

Introducción: Pedilanthus tithymaloides es conocido como ítamo real y se han publicado algunas de sus propiedades, entre ellas, el uso en estomatología para el tratamiento de infecciones bucales. Objetivo: explicar los procedimientos empleados para caracterizar uno de los compuestos mayoritarios aislado del extracto de diclorometano a partir de las hojas de Pedilanthus tithymaloides (L.) Poit. Métodos: el cicloartanol se obtuvo mediante la modificación de la polaridad del disolvente orgánico, con el empleo de metanol e incrementándose la polaridad y como consecuencia la aparición de un precipitado. Se utilizó la técnica de cromatografía de placa delgada, la cromatografía de columna, así como espectroscopia de resonancia magnética nuclear protónica y de carbono 13. Resultados: el estudio fitoquímico mostró parámetros de calidad acorde a lo que se sugiere para el uso de plantas medicinales, excepto las cenizas totales que presentaron 13 %; se comparó el espectro de carbono13 practicado al compuesto obtenido con otros reportes en la literatura y se encontró coincidencia con lo que se describe para el triterpeno cicloartanol. Conclusiones: cicloartanol es uno de los compuestos mayoritario presente en el extracto de dicloromentano obtenido a partir de hojas de Pedilanthus tithymaloides.

O latex de Euphorbia conspicua foi fracionado nas frações triterpênica e irritantes I e II. Da fração triterpênica foram isolados 15 compostos já conhecidos e um novo triterpeno denominado 3β-(E)-cinamoileuforbol. A fração irritante II forneceu o 20-O-acetil-3-O-angeloil-ingenol. A atividade moluscicida dos compostos eufol, 3b-acetoxieufa-8,24-dieno, 3β-(E)-cinamoileuforbol e 20-O-acetil-3-O-angeloil-ingenol foi avaliada. O 20-O-acetil-3-O-angeloil-ingenol apresentou uma LC100 de 1 mg mL-1, a qual foi equivalente ao moluscicida padrão niclosamida. Os compostos eufol, 3b-acetoxieufa-8,24-dieno e 3β-(E)-cinamoileuforbol apresentaram uma fraca atividade moluscicida. O 3β-(E)-cinamoileuforbol foi submetido a testes de mutagenicidade (teste de Ames com TA 98, 100 e 102) na presença e ausência de ativação metabólica (mistura S9). Foram também realizados os ensaios de citotoxicidade (teste MTT) e genotoxicidade (teste dos micronúcleos, CBMN) com e sem mistura S9, em células V79 de Hamster chinês. O 3β-(E)-cinamoileuforbol revelou-se fracamente citotóxico e sem atividade mutagênica ou genotóxica.

Euphorbia conspicua latex was fractionated into triterpenic and irritant fractions I and II. The triterpenic fraction afforded 15 known compounds and a new triterpene, 3β-(E)-cinnamoyleuphorbol. 20-O-Acetyl-3-O-angeloylingenol was isolated from irritant fraction II. The compounds euphol, 3β-acetoxyeupha-8,24-diene, 3β-(E)-cinnamoyleuphorbol and 20-O-Acetyl-3-O-angeloylingenol were evaluated for molluscicidal activity. 20-O-Acetyl-3-O-angeloylingenol presented LC100 value of 1 mg mL-1, equivalent to that of the standard molluscicide niclosamide. Compounds euphol, 3β-acetoxyeupha-8,24-diene and 3β-(E)-cinnamoyleuphorbol showed low molluscicidal activity. Mutagenic assays (Ames test with strains TA 98, 100 and 102) were performed with 3β-(E)-cinnamoyleuphorbol in the presence and absence of metabolic activation (S9 mix). In V79 cells, the cytotoxicity of 3β-(E)-cinnamoyleuphorbol was evaluated using the MTT assay and the genotoxicity was assessed using the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay (CBMN) with or without S9 mix. Mutagenic or genotoxic activity was not detected, and no significant cytotoxicity was observed for 3β-(E)-cinnamoyleuphorbol at lower doses.