Abstract Gynostemma pentaphyllum is a functional food that is commercially available worldwide. Triterpenoid saponins are the main active components in Gynostemma pentaphyllum, which are usually hydrolyzed into triterpene sapogenins in organisms to play a pharmacological role. Gypensapogenin D is a triterpene sapogenins with the highest content in the hydrolysate of gypenoside. In addition, it was found that Gypensapogenin D had a certain inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase. In view of the poor solubility of Gypensapogenin D, which affects its bioavailability, Gypensapogenin D was prepared as a liposomal formulation in this paper, which provides valuable data for the later in-depth study and drug development and utilization of this compound. worldwide role gypenoside addition αglucosidase. αglucosidase α glucosidase. glucosidase α-glucosidase bioavailability paper indepth depth compound

Abstract The present work aimed to isolate secondary metabolites from Myrcia insularis Gardner (Myrtaceae) wood and to evaluate the anti-Candida activity and further extracts obtained by partition and the respective main isolated compounds. Wood was collected in a Seasonal Semideciduous Forest remnant of the Atlantic Forest of northern Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Chromatographic and spectrographic techniques were used to isolate and identify secondary metabolites. Methanol extract inhibited the growth of Candida buinensis and Candida tropicalis, with inhibition being approximately 82% for the latter. The main compound isolated from the ethyl acetate partitions was arjunolic acid, a triterpene. The antimicrobial activity was first observed with the wood metabolites of M. insularis adds to our understanding of the antifungal properties of this species and other species within the Myrtaceae family, including the presence of arjunolic acid, which may play a role in this activity. (Myrtaceae antiCandida anti compounds State Brazil tropicalis 82 latter acid triterpene M family 8

Abstract The chemical investigation of Eugenia pyriformis, popularly known as uvaia, led to the isolation of three compounds, the triterpene β-amiryn (1) and the porphyrin derivatives pheophytin a (2) and b (3). Their structures were assigned based on spectroscopic NMR analysis, as well as by comparison with literature data. Most of the compounds found in the essential oil from leaves are terpenes derivatives, such as ο-cymene; 1,8-cineol; linalol, terpinen-4-ol; 2-carene. Flavonoids, steroids and/or terpenoids, lactones, saponins, tannins and fixed acids were detected in both the leaf and stem crude extracts and fractions generated from the Brazilian E. pyriformis plant. According to the results of the DPPH assay, the ethyl acetate fraction of the leaf extract showed higher antioxidant activity than the other samples tested. In the phosphomolybdenum complex assay, the crude ethanol extract of the leaf and stem, and the ethyl acetate fraction of the leaf, showed a higher antioxidant capacity than rutin. It was observed that the chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions of the leaf, and the hexane, ethyl acetate and hydroalcoholic fractions of the stem were toxic to Artemia salina brine shrimp with LD50 < 1.0 µg/mL. The hexane fraction of the stem was also allelopathic in inhibiting the radicle growth of Lactuca sativa seeds. These results adding contributions to chemical and biological studies of this medicinal species. uvaia βamiryn β amiryn 1 (1 2 (2 3. 3 . (3) analysis data οcymene ο cymene ο-cymene 1,8cineol 18cineol cineol 1,8 8 1,8-cineol linalol terpinen4ol terpinenol terpinen 4 ol terpinen-4-ol 2carene. 2carene carene carene. 2-carene Flavonoids andor or terpenoids lactones saponins E plant assay tested rutin LD LD5 10 0 1. µgmL µg mL µg/mL seeds species ( (3 8cineol 18 1,

The fungal Hemileia vastatrix is the causal agent of coffee leaf rust, one of the worst and devastating disease in coffee cultures worldwide. As a result of our research on natural products for the development of novel agrochemicals, we found that the hexane extract from leaves of the Brazilian medicinal plant Garcinia gardneriana, at 500 μg mL-1, inhibited in 98% the germination of H. vastatrix urediniospores. This extract showed no phytotoxicity when tested for seed germination and seedling growth inhibitory activity using sensible plant species. Also, the hexane extract from leaves was tested for anti-acetylcholinesterase activity, which constitutes a mechanism of action of major commercial insecticides used in agriculture, and showed low activity even at concentrations about two times higher than the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) found in the antifungal assays. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis showed that the hexane extract is constituted mainly by the pentacyclic triterpene lupeol, together with a series of sesquiterpenes as minor components. This is the first report on the investigation of antifungal, phytotoxic and acetylcholinesterase activities of extracts from leaves of G. gardneriana. These findings indicate that G. gardneriana may constitute a promising source of natural products for controlling the coffee leaf rust fungus.

Abstract Existing medications i.e. the antipsychotic drugs are known to be effective in treating only the positive symptoms of schizophrenia, while being ineffective on negative and cognitive symptoms of the disease. In addition, these medications cause extrapyramidal symptoms, forcing many patients towards natural medicine in the hope of minimizing the unwanted adverse effects. Nardostachys jatamansi is a medicinal plant that has been traditionally prescribed for various types of brain disorders. The active constituents of the plant have beneficial effects on the negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia. This study was designed to identify the active constituents of Nardostachys jatamansi with the highest binding affinities for the key macromolecular drug targets involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and thereby elucidate the possible mechanism of action. These targets are dopamine receptors, Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and Phosphodiesterase 10A. The results of molecular docking showed that, β-sitosterol, chlorogenic acid, oleanic acid and ursolic acid, displayed high binding affinity toward all the macromolecular drug targets. Ligands with steroid backbone and pentacyclic triterpene structure have been found to possess high binding affinity toward the dopamine receptor and phosphodiesterase 10A. While ligands with carbonyl group form stronger binding interactions with the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor.

Resumo Introdução: O receptor para AGEs (RAGE) é um membro multiligante da superfamília das imunoglobulinas dos receptores de superfície celular expresso em muitos órgãos, entre eles, os rins. Quando ativado, o RAGE leva a uma sequência de sinalização que resulta em inflamação e estresse oxidativo, ambos envolvidos na patogênese de doenças renais. O gama-orizanol (γOz) compreende uma mistura de ésteres de ácido ferúlico (AF) e fitoesteróis (esteróis e álcoois triterpenos) encontrados principalmente no arroz, com atividades antioxidantes e anti-inflamatórias. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito do γOz para reduzir a inflamação renal e o estresse oxidativo pela modulação do eixo RAGE/AGEs em animais submetidos a uma dieta rica em gordura e açúcar. Métodos: Ratos Wistar machos (±187g) foram divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos experimentais: controle (n = 7 animais) e dieta rica em gordura e açúcar (HSF, do inglês high sugar-fat diet, n = 14 animais) por 20 semanas. Após este período, quando foi detectada a presença de fatores de risco de doença renal no grupo HSF (resistência à insulina, dislipidemia, aumento da pressão arterial sistólica e obesidade), os animais HSF foram divididos para iniciar o tratamento com γOz ou continuar recebendo apenas HSF por mais 10 semanas. Resultados: Não foi observado nenhum efeito do γOz na obesidade e nos parâmetros metabólicos. No entanto, a inflamação e o estresse oxidativo renais diminuíram assim que os níveis de RAGE foram reduzidos em HSF + γOz. Conclusão: É possível concluir que o gama- orizanol foi eficaz em reduzir a inflamação e o estresse oxidativo no rim pela modulação do eixo RAGE/AGEs.

Abstract Introduction: The receptor for AGEs (RAGE) is a multiligand member of the immunoglobulin superfamily of cell surface receptors expressed in many organs, among them, the kidneys. When activated, RAGE leads to a sequence of signaling that results in inflammation and oxidative stress, both involved in kidney disease pathogenesis. Gamma-oryzanol (γOz) comprises a mixture of ferulic acid (FA) esters and phytosterols (sterols and triterpene alcohols) mainly found in rice, with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Aim: To evaluate the effect of γOz to reduce renal inflammation and oxidative stress by modulating AGEs/RAGE axis in animals submitted to a high sugar-fat diet. Methods: Male Wistar rats (±187g) were randomly divided into two experimental groups: control (n = 7 animals) and high sugar-fat diet (HSF, n = 14 animals) for 20 weeks. After this period, when the presence of renal disease risk factors was detected in the HSF group (insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, increased systolic blood pressure and obesity), the HSF animals were divided to begin the treatment with γOz or continue receiving only HSF for 10 more weeks. Results: No effect of γOz on obesity and metabolic parameters was observed. However, kidney inflammation and oxidative stress decreased as soon as RAGE levels were reduced in HSF + γOz. Conclusion: It is possible to conclude that the gamma- oryzanol was effective in reducing inflammation and oxidative stress in the kidney by modulating the AGEs/RAGE axis.

RESUMEN El uso de plantas medicinales ha sido de gran importancia desde la antigüedad en todas las culturas. En Ecuador, la población aún usa de forma habitual plantas de forma terapéutica, como es el caso de los habitantes de Muisne, cantón localizado en la provincia de Esmeraldas. En esta investigación se realizó el estudio farmacognóstico preliminar de dos especies nativas de Esmeraldas (Ocimum micranthum y Eupatorium odoratum), a través de su análisis macromorfológico, micromorfológico, pruebas físicoquimicas cualitativas y cuantitativas. Además, se llevó a cabo el estudio etnobotánico de estas especies. Se evidenció cualitativamente que Ocimum micranthum presenta aceites, saponinas, lactonas, cumarinas, triterpenos, esteroides, azúcares reductores, resinas, aminoácidos libres o aminas y mucílagos. En el caso de Eupatorium odoratum presentó aceites, grasas, resinas, azúcares reductores, aminoácidos libres, mucílagos triterpenos y esteroides. En consecuencia, estas dos especies presentan un potencial destacable para posteriores estudios farmacológicos.

ABSTRACT The use of medicinal plants has been of great importance since ancient times in all cultures. In Ecuador, the population still regularly uses plants therapeutically, as is the case of the inhabitants of Muisne, a town located in the province of Esmeraldas. In this research, the preliminary pharmacognostic study of two native species of Esmeraldas (Ocimum micranthum and Eupatorium odoratum) was carried out, through their macromorphological, micromorphological analysis, qualitative and quantitative physicochemical tests. In addition, the ethnobotanical study of these species was developed. It was qualitatively evidenced that Ocimum micranthum presents oils, saponins, lactones, coumarins, triterpenes, steroids, reducing sugars, resins, free amino acids or amines and mucilages. In the case of Eupatorium odoratum, it presented oils, fats, resins, reducing sugars, free amino acids, triterpene mucilages and steroids. Consequently, these two species present remarkable potential for further pharmacological studies.

Resumen En este informe clínico, se describe un cuadro de gastroenteritis desarrollada por un Golden Retriever de 1 año de edad que pesaba 24 kg, como resultado del uso aleatorio y sin receta de un extracto de jarabe de Hedera helix, que es solo para uso por humano. El diagnóstico se realizó después de que se descartados otros factores que podrían causar gastroenteritis. Se observó una mejora en los hallazgos clínicos como resultado del tratamiento de apoyo. Ya se ha reconocido ampliamente que las saponinas triterpénicas, que son compuestos biológicos activos de Hedera helix, causan gastroenteritis en perros y se considera que el uso aleatorio y sin receta de jarabe de extracto de Hedera helix en dosis altas puede provocar síntomas de gastroenteritis más graves que pondrán en peligro la vida. Se concluyó que el manejo exitoso de la intoxicación por Hedera helix depende de una buena anamnesis, exámenes físicos y de laboratorio, descartar rápidamente las otras causas de gastroenteritis, dejar inmediatamente el jarabe y tratamiento de apoyo.

Abstract This clinical report describes a 1-year-old Golden Retriever dog weighing 24 kg that developed gastroenteritis as a result of the unprescribed and random use of a syrup Hedera helix extract, which is for human use only. Diagnosis was made after ruling out other factors that could cause gastroenteritis. An improvement in clinical findings was observed as a result of supportive treatment. It is already widely recognized that triterpene saponins, biological active compounds of Hedera helix, cause gastroenteritis in dogs and it is considered that unprescribed and random use of syrup Hedera helix at high doses, may cause severe gastroenteritis symptoms that will endanger life. It is concluded that successful management of Hedera helix extract poisoning depends on a good anamnesis, physical exams, and laboratory tests, rapidly ruling out other causes of gastroenteritis, quitting the use of syrup immediately and a supportive treatment.

The present work describes the chemical constituents of Odontadenia lutea (Vell.) Markgr. leaves and the toxicities of its extract and fractions against Atta sexdens rubropilosa Forel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Chromatographic procedures of the ethanolic extract resulted in the identification of the triterpene β-amyrin, the flavonoid rutin, two fatty acids palmitic and linolenic, and one glyceroglycolipid 3-O-(9,12,15-octadecatrienoyl)-glyceryl-β-D-galactopyranoside, which are known compounds, but they are described for the first time in the Odontadenia genus. The known triterpenes lupeol and α-amyrin were also identified. Structural identification of the compounds was performed by analysis of IR, ESI-MS, and 1D and 2D NMR spectra. The toxicity of its extract and fractions from O. lutea leaves was tested against leaf-cutting ants Atta sexdens rubropilosa Forel by employing ingestion bioassay procedures. The hexane fraction (2 mg mL-1) decreases the average survival of ants from sixteen to six days, causing 98% mortality on the 14th day and 100% at the end of the experiment.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), characterized by hepatosteatosis and steatohepatitis, is intrinsically related to obesity. Our previous study reported on the anti-obese activity of α,β-amyrin (AMY), a pentacyclic triterpene isolated from Protium heptaphyllum. This study investigated its ability to prevent fatty liver and the underlying mechanism using the mouse model of NAFLD. NAFLD was induced in male Swiss mice fed a high fat diet (HFD) for 15 weeks. The controls were fed a normal chow diet (ND). The mice were simultaneously treated with AMY at 10 and 20 mg/kg or fenofibrate at 50 mg/kg. Lipid levels along with metabolic and inflammatory parameters were assessed in liver and serum. The liver sections were histologically examined using H&E staining. RT-qPCR and western blotting assays were performed to analyze signaling mechanisms. Mice fed HFD developed severe hepatic steatosis with elevated triglycerides and lipid droplets compared with ND controls. This was associated with a decrease in AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity, an increase of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling, and enhanced sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1) expression, which have roles in lipogenesis, inhibition of lipolysis, and inflammatory response. AMY treatment reversed these signaling activities and decreased the severity of hepatic steatosis and inflammatory response, evidenced by serum and liver parameters as well as histological findings. AMY-induced reduction in hepatic steatosis seemed to involve AMPK-mTORC1-SREBP1 signaling pathways, which supported its beneficial role in the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.

Abstract: Chemical compounds of wood preservation from plants vary and are not known specific to the species. Chemical analysis of plants is responsible to ensure active compound in natural extracts wood treatment. There are many sources of natural extracts found in Indonesia that were explored for wood preservatives chemicals. They are bark of acacia and alstonia, leaves of orthosiphon and azardirachta and Dioscorea tubers. The present study was aimed at investigating the variation of the chemical constituent of natural extracts material of wood preservative through GC-MS analysis. Five natural extract sources were acacia bark (Acacia spp.), pulai bark (Alstonia scholaris), kumis kucing leaves (Orthosiphon spp.), mimba leaves (Azardirachta indica), and gadung tubers (Dioscorea spp.). Two non-polar solvents, i.e., n-hexane and petroleum ether were used for five natural source extractions following ASTM soxhlet extraction. The research showed that triterpene and fatty acid derivatives were the major compounds present in five natural extracts. They were lupeol; 7,22-Ergostadienone; Lup-20(29)-en-3-one; Lup-20(29)-en-3-ol, acetate, (3.beta.)-; urs-12-en-3-one; ethanol,2,2-diethoxy-; stigmasta-5,22-dien-3-ol, acetate,(3.beta.)-; 5H-3,5a-Epoxynaphth(2,1-c)oxepin, dodecahydro-3,8,8,11a-tetramethyl-; linoleic acid; naphthalene, 1-methyl-. These compounds have been assigned as the possibly responsible to against termites or fungi.

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Bioprospection of plant products is used to discover new insecticides. METHODS: The larvicidal activity of ethanolic extract and triterpene (tingenone B) from the bark of Maytenus guianensis and their effect on pupation and emergence were evaluated against Aedes aegypti. RESULTS: Crude extract LC50 was 11.3 ppm and caused ejection of the larvae intestine; tingenone B LC50 was 14.8 ppm. Pupation was reduced by 20% and 10%, respectively; however, the emergence was not affected. CONCLUSIONS: The crude bark extract exhibited a higher larvicidal effect against the vector.

Abstract Background: Qualea grandiflora (QG) (Vochysiaceae), also known as "pau-ferro", "pau-terra" or "pau-de-tucano", is a very common deciduous tree in the Brazilian Cerrado used in traditional medicine to treat inflammations, ulcers, diarrhea, and infections. There are reports in the scientific literature that demonstrate the medicinal effects of the bark and leaf of the QG. However, studies involving this plant are rather imited. Aim of the study: To perform the phytochemical analysis of the QG hydroalcoholic extract (HAE) of leaves, and to investigate it effects on fibroblast and preosteoblasts. Methods: Phytochemical analysis was done by HPLC-DAD. Murine NIH/3T3 fibroblasts and MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts cell lines (ATCC) were used for the experiments. Cell viability was assessed by the MTT colorimetric assay and the expression of MMP-14 and HIF-1α by immunofluorescence. Results and conclusion: The following compounds were identified by HPLC-DAD, such as quinic acid, ethyl galate, ellagic acid derivatives as O-methylellagic acid O-galloyl, O-methylellagic acid O-deoxyhexoside, galloyl derivatives, flavonol glycoside as kaempferol-O-deoxyhexoside, quercetin-O-deoxyhexoside, myricetin-O-deoxyhexoside and the pentacyclic triterpene arjunglucoside. Cell viability results demonstrated no cytotoxic effects in the studied concentrations. We found in QG HAE some compounds with therapeutic properties that can increase the expression of MMP-14 and HIF-1α, in fibroblasts and preosteoblasts. These data suggest that QG HAE has an action on these two molecules widely involved in physiological conditions, such as collagen remodeling, bone development and growth and pathological processes as HIF signaling in cancer metastasis.

RESUMEN Antecedentes: Passiflora quadrangularis L. tiene propiedades antihipertensivas y ansiolíticas observadas en modelos animales. Objetivos: El objetivo de este trabajo fue establecer los efectos vasculares ejercidos por dos conocidas saponinas triterpénicas monodesmosídicas: el ácido 3-O-β-D-glucopiranosiloleanólico (Compuesto 1) (no descrito previamente para esta especie vegetal) y el ácido 3-O-[β-D-glucopiranosil- (1→2) -β-D-glucopiranosil]oleanólico (Compuesto 2), aisladas del extracto etanólico de las hojas de Passiflora quadrangularis L. Métodos: La elucidación estructural se llevó a cabo mediante experimentos de Resonancia Magnética Nuclear (NMR) y determinaciones de Espectrometría de Masas de Alta Resolución (HRMS). Los anillos aórticos de ratas Wistar, previamente estimulados con fenilefrina (PE, 1 µM) y lavados, fueron expuestos a concentraciones acumulativas del compuesto 1 y compuesto 2 (10 a 400 µM). El extracto etanólico de las hojas de P. quadrangularis L. (10 a 320 µg / ml) y clonidina (1 nM a 100 µM) se utilizaron para la comparación. Las curvas de concentración respuesta de los compuestos 1 y 2 se examinaron en presencia y ausencia de: endotelio, el antagonista alfa-2 yohimbina (1 y 100 µM), el antagonista alfa no selectivo fentolamina (1 µM), el antagonista alfa-1 prazosina (1 µM) y el bloqueador de canales de calcio verapamilo (10 y 100 µM). Además, la curva de concentraciones acumulativas de acetilcolina (ACh, 10 nM a 10 µM) y nitroprusiato de sodio (SNP, 1 nM a 100 µM) se ensayó en anillos pre-contraídos con los compuestos 1 y 2 (400 µM). Resultados: Los compuestos 1 y 2 provocaron una respuesta de vasoconstricción en los anillos de aorta intactos de manera similar (pEC50: 3.92 ± 0.01 y 4.09 ± 0.01, respectivamente), este efecto no cambió en los anillos denudados (pEC50: 3.90 ± 0.01 y 4.11 ± 0.01). El orden de potencia (pEC50) de los compuestos 1 y 2 disminuyó de la siguiente manera: verapamilo (3.53 ± 0.01 y 3.90 ± 0.02; p < 0.05) < yohimbina (3.65 ± 0.01 y 3.94 ± 0.02; p < 0.05) < prazosina (3.86 ± 0.01 y 4.30 ± 0.02) < fentolamina (4.05 ± 0.02 y 4.05 ± 0.01). SNP pero no ACh, fue capaz de disminuir el efecto vasopresor de los compuestos 1 y 2 (pIC50: 8.61 ± 0.01 y 8.24 ± 0.15, respectivamente). Conclusiones: Los compuestos 1 y 2 son metabolitos clave responsables de la respuesta vasoconstrictora ex vivo inducida por P. quadrangularis L. La activación de los canales de calcio dependientes de voltaje y / o la estimulación de los receptores adrenérgicos α2 podrían ser los mecanismos implicados.

ABSTRACT Background: Passiflora quadrangularis L. has antihypertensive and anxiolytic properties observed in experimental models. Objectives: The aim of this work was to establish the vascular effects exerted by two known monodesmosidic triterpene saponins, 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyloleanolic acid (Compound 1) (not previously described for this plant) and, 3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl] oleanolic acid (Compound 2), isolated from the ethanolic extract of Passiflora quadrangularis L. leaves. Methods: The structural elucidation was achieved by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) experiments and High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS). Aortic rings from Wistar rats, previously stimulated with phenylephrine (PE, 1µM) and washed, were exposed to cumulatively concentrations of compound 1 and compound 2 (10 to 400 µM). Ethanolic extract from leaves of P. quadrangularis L. (10 to 320 µg/ mL) and clonidine (1nM to 100µM) were also used for comparison. Concentration response curves of compounds 1 and 2 were examined in presence and absence of: endothelium, the alpha-2 antagonist yohimbine (1 and 100 µM), the alpha non selective antagonist phentolamine (1µM), the alpha-1 antagonist prazosin (1µM) and the calcium channel blocker verapamil (10 and 100 µM). In addition, cumulatively response curve of acetylcholine (ACh, 10nM to 10µM) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 1nM to 100µM) were assayed in rings precontracted with compounds 1 and 2 (400 µM). Results: Compounds 1 and 2 elicited a vasoconstriction response in intact aorta rings in similar way (pEC50: 3.92±0.01 and 4.09±0.01, respectively), effect that did not change in denuded rings (pEC50: 3.90±0.01 and 4.11±0.01). The potency order (pEC50) of compounds 1 and 2 decreased according to the following: verapamil (3.53±0.01 and 3.90±0.02; p<0.05 < yohimbine (3.65±0.01 and 3.94±0.02; p<0.05) < prazosin (3.86±0.01 and 4.30±0.02) < phentolamine (4.05±0.02 and 4.05±0.01). SNP but not ACh, was able to decrease the vasopressor effect of compounds 1 and 2 (pIC50: 8.61±0.01 and 8.24 ± 0.15, respectively). Conclusions: Compounds 1 and 2 are key metabolites responsible for the ex vivo vasoconstrictor response induced by P. quadrangularis L. Activation of voltage-dependent calcium channels and/or α2-adrenergic receptors stimulation could be mechanisms implicated.

Phytochemical investigation of Endopleura uchi led to the isolation of a gallic acid derivate, known as bergenin (2) and friedelin (1), a pentacyclic triterpene. The present work also reports the bergenin quantification in different Endopleura uchi bark, twig and leaves extracts. Our findings showed the highest bergenin concentration in bark methanol extracts (4.75%) and the lowest concentration in twig aqueous extracts (1.89%). Phenolics quantification by Folin-Ciocalteu, revealed phenolic compounds level values from 16.69 to 43.02 mg GAE g-1 dry extract. The ferric reducing antioxidant activity ranged from 230.43 to 567.89 mmol Fe+2 g-1 dry extract. DPPH IC50 free radicals showed to range from 12.04 to 24.20 μg mL-1. Leaves’ chloroform fraction exhibited the highest nitric oxide inhibiting activity bearing IC50= 3.2 μg mL-1. Results show this species to hold significant bergenin concentrations as well as phenolic and anti-inflammatory compounds in all extracts suggesting it bear therapeutic potential. derivate 2 (2 1, 1 , (1) triterpene 4.75% 475 4 75 (4.75% 1.89%. 189 1.89% . 89 (1.89%) FolinCiocalteu, FolinCiocalteu Folin Ciocalteu, Ciocalteu Folin-Ciocalteu 1669 16 69 16.6 4302 43 02 43.0 g1 g g- extract 23043 230 230.4 56789 567 567.8 Fe2 Fe Fe+ IC IC5 1204 12 04 12.0 2420 24 20 24.2 mL1. mL1 mL 1. mL-1 Leaves 32 3 3. antiinflammatory anti inflammatory potential ( (1 4.75 47 7 (4.75 18 1.89 8 (1.89% 166 6 16. 430 0 43. 2304 23 230. 5678 56 567. 120 12. 242 24. mL- 4.7 (4.7 1.8 (1.89 5 4. (4. (1.8 (4 (1.