The present work focused on the screening process of different inorganic oxides and different temperatures for the epoxidation reaction of macaw palm vegetable oil without using solvent, a promising Brazilian biomass that can substitute other vegetable oils (e.g., soybean oil) in technological applications. This oil has an iodine value of 108.48 g of I2 per 100 g being categorized as a semi-dry oil. The epoxidized vegetable oil can be applied in manifold areas in polymer science. The epoxidation reaction here presented avoided organic solvents and organic acids and aimed to produce a greener route using metal oxides or niobium phosphate as a peroxide-activating catalyst. The experimental parameters were maintained as 10 mol% of catalyst loading and a time of 24 h; however, the temperature for some catalysts was changed to improve the epoxide conversion. Experiments were measured by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR). Experiments using titanium oxide (TiO2) as a catalyst reached a conversion greater than 84.7%, while experiments using aluminium oxide (Al2O3) or lanthanum oxide (La2O3) achieved conversions of 22.6 and 30.1%, respectively. Furthermore, it was observed that both niobium compounds instantly react with hydrogen peroxide to form peroxy derivatives. solvent e.g., eg e (e.g. applications 10848 108 48 108.4 I semidry semi dry science peroxideactivating activating 1 mol 2 h however 1H H NMR. NMR . NMR) TiO2 TiO (TiO2 847 84 7 84.7% Al2O3 AlO Al O (Al2O3 La2O3 LaO La (La2O3 226 22 6 22. 301 30 30.1% respectively Furthermore derivatives e.g. (e.g 1084 4 108. (TiO 8 84.7 Al2O (Al2O La2O (La2O 3 30.1 e.g 84. 30.

SYNOPSIS Ferrochrome (FeCr) is a vital ingredient in stainless steel production and is commonly produced by smelting chromite ores in submerged arc furnaces. Silicon (Si) is a componrnt of the FeCr alloy from the smelting process. Being both a contaminant and an indicator of the state of the process, its content needs to be kept within a narrow range. The complex chemistry of the smelting process and interactions between various factors make Si prediction by fundamental models infeasible. A data-driven approach offers an alternative by formulating the model based on historical data. This paper presents a systematic development of a data-driven model for predicting Si content. The model includes dimensionality reduction, regularized linear regression, and a boosting method to reduce the variability of the linear model residuals. It shows a good performance on testing data (R² = 0.63). The most significant predictors, as determined by linear model analysis and permutation testing, are previous Si content, carbon and titanium in the alloy, calcium oxide in the slag, resistance between electrodes, and electrode slips. Further analysis using thermodynamic data and models, links these predictors to electrode control and slag chemistry. This analysis lays the foundation for implementing Si content control on a ferrochrome smelter.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNp) were deposited on highly porous TiO2 surfaces by the dripping of a colloidal AgNp solution to provide antimicrobial activity. Micro-porous TiO2 surfaces were obtained on commercially pure titanium by micro-arc oxidation in an electrolyte containing Ca and P precursors. In addition, as silver can be toxic to cells, these surfaces were uniformly covered with the biocompatible and bioresorbable poly(lactic acid) (PLA) polymer by electrospinning, aiming at promoting a controlled release of silver ions to the medium. The resulting AgNp-containing surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), and in vitro assays were performed to evaluate their antimicrobial activity and bioactivity. Tests revealed that the surfaces showed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, with better results for the surfaces without PLA. However, all the surfaces presented good biocompatibility in assays with mouse MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts, and greater cell differentiation for the polymer-coated surfaces. Finally, the PLA ultrafine fibers electrospun on the TiO2/AgNp surfaces allowed a controlled release of silver ions in the phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) medium. (AgNp TiO Microporous Micro microarc micro arc precursors addition cells polylactic poly lactic acid (PLA electrospinning medium AgNpcontaining SEM, SEM , (SEM) EDS (EDS Xray X ray XRD, XRD (XRD) bioactivity aureus However MC3T3E1 MCTE MC3T3 E1 MC T E MC3T3-E preosteoblasts, preosteoblasts pre osteoblasts, osteoblasts pre-osteoblasts polymercoated coated Finally TiO2AgNp TiOAgNp phosphatebuffered phosphate buffered PBS (PBS (SEM (XRD MC3T3E MCT MC3T

The aim of this paper was to analyze the passivation of the rear face of silicon solar cells by TiO2 thin films produced by atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD). A compact high-throughput APCVD system was employed to deposit the TiO2 films. Silicon solar cells with a n+pp+ PERT (passivated emitter rear totally-diffused) structure were produced and characterized. The use of TiO2 on the rear face resulted in a 0.5 mA/cm2 increase in short-circuit current density and a 0.5% absolute improvement in efficiency compared to devices without a passivation layer. Analyzing the internal quantum efficiency of the devices, we concluded that this economically technique provides passivation on the p+ surface, doped with boron, similar to that obtained with thermally grown silicon oxide films. TiO APCVD. . (APCVD) highthroughput high throughput npp n pp n+pp passivated totallydiffused totally diffused totally-diffused characterized 05 0 5 0. mAcm2 mAcm mA cm2 cm mA/cm shortcircuit short circuit layer p surface boron (APCVD

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is an n-type oxide semiconductor, where the electron donors are usually associated with oxygen vacancies and interstitial titanium ions, whereas quinoline derivatives (QD) are usually p-type semiconductors with light emission in the blue range. We report a broad emission band centered at 485 nm, and temperature induced electrical properties of the QD 4-(6-(diethylamino)-4-phenylquinolin-2-yl)benzoic acid and TiO2 films. The combination of QD with TiO2, both layers in the form of thin film, forms a heterostructure in a very convenient format for integration in optoelectronics. Due to the techniques used for film deposition, both sort of films present defects, which are responsible for the electrical characteristics. The dominant level for TiO2 is located about 760 meV from the conduction band bottom, inside the bandgap, whereas for the QD film the activation energy is about 328 meV. Both levels show up for a range above room temperature. In the first case, it suggests the second ionization level of oxygen vacancies (VO2+) or the third ionization level of interstitial titanium ions (Ti3+), considering that both are electron donors, whereas in the case of QD it suggests a mechanism of small polaron tunneling (SPT).When combined as a heterostructure and explored under transport profile perpendicular to the films (transverse contacts) it leads to current-voltage (I-V) rectifying behavior similar to a p-n junction, which is evidence of the p-type-like electrical behavior of the QD, even though this I-V behavior may be destroyed for repetitive I-V measurement, which seems to be related with aging and the presence of defects at the heterostructure interface. TiO (TiO2 ntype n type semiconductor (QD ptype p 48 nm 46diethylamino4phenylquinolin2ylbenzoic diethylaminophenylquinolinylbenzoic 4 6 diethylamino phenylquinolin 2 yl benzoic optoelectronics deposition characteristics 76 bottom bandgap 32 VO2+ VO2 VO (VO2+ Ti3+, Ti3 Ti Ti3+ , (Ti3+) SPT.When SPTWhen SPT .When When transverse contacts currentvoltage current voltage IV I V (I-V pn junction ptypelike like measurement interface (TiO ylbenzoic 7 3 (VO2 (Ti3+ (VO (Ti3 (Ti

ABSTRACT This study evaluates titanium dioxide (TiO2), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), and hybrid coatings on lithium-ion battery electrodes, focusing on their implications for the Indian electric vehicle supply chain. Using Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) and Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD), coatings were applied to commercial-grade graphite and LiNiMnCoO2 (NMC) electrodes. The coatings were analyzed for ionic conductivity, chemical stability, mechanical reinforcement, thermal stability, and electrochemical performance using SEM, TEM, XRD, TGA, CV, EIS, and long-term cycling tests. Results show TiO2 coatings provide superior ionic conductivity (3.5 × 10–4 S/cm) but lower chemical stability. Al2O3 coatings, with an ionic conductivity of 1.8 × 10–4 S/cm, demonstrated excellent chemical stability and mechanical reinforcement (elastic modulus of 150 GPa). Hybrid coatings exhibited a balanced performance, with 80% capacity retention after 500 cycles at 0.5C and intermediate thermal stability. Conclusions indicate that TiO2 is suitable for high-rate applications, while Al2O3 is ideal for long-term stability. Hybrid coatings offer a promising solution by combining the strengths of both materials, enhancing battery performance, and supporting the development of efficient and reliable energy storage solutions for India’s electric vehicle industry. TiO2, TiO , (TiO2) Al2O3, AlO Al O (Al2O3) lithiumion lithium ion electrodes chain ALD (ALD CVD, CVD (CVD) commercialgrade commercial grade LiNiMnCoO NMC (NMC SEM TEM XRD TGA CV EIS longterm long term tests 3.5 35 3 5 (3. 104 10 4 10– S/cm Scm S cm Al2O 18 1 8 1. elastic 15 GPa. GPa . GPa) 80 50 05C C 0 5C highrate high rate applications materials Indias India s industry (TiO2 (Al2O3 (CVD 3. (3 (TiO (Al2O (

Resumo A determinação acurada do consumo individual é um parâmetro importante para avaliação do valor nutritivo da dieta e permite o fornecimento adequado de alimentos, conforme as exigências nutricionais de cada animal. Quando há impossibilidade da sua mensuração pelo método direto, o consumo pode ser calculado a partir da produção fecal estimada por indicadores e pela digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca (DIVMS) da dieta. Foi objetivo deste estudo avaliar os indicadores externos dióxido de titânio (TiO2) e hidroxifenilpropano enriquecido e modificado (LIPE®) nas estimativas de consumo de matéria seca (MS). Foram utilizadas quatro vacas multíparas Holandês × Gir com média de 60 dias em lactação e 488 kg de peso corporal. Os animais foram alojados em estábulo tipo free stall e alimentados com dietas à base de silagem de cana-de-açúcar suplementada com concentrado composto de milho moído, farelo de algodão e 0%, 5%, 10% e 15% de caroço de algodão (base da MS). Adotou-se delineamento quadrado latino 4 x 4. O consumo foi determinado pela razão entre a produção fecal estimada pelos indicadores e pela DIVMS da dieta, sendo as fezes coletadas diretamente na ampola retal, duas vezes por dia, por um período de sete dias. Não houve diferença (P>0,05) nos consumos de MS estimados pelos indicadores TiO2 e LIPE® (10,3 vs. 12,1; 11,1 vs. 12,5; 10,2 vs. 12,9; e 12,7 vs. 10,9 kg/vaca/dia em relação ao consumo mensurado, para as dietas com 0%, 5%, 10% e 15% de inclusão do caroço de algodão, respectivamente). Os indicadores externos LIPE® e TiO2 mostraram-se adequados para estimar o consumo de MS das vacas. Independente da dieta oferecida, ambos mostraram que podem ser utilizados em substituição ao indicador externo óxido crômico, pois, as estimativas de consumo estimadas por eles não diferiram do consumo mensurado no cocho. alimentos animal direto (DIVMS TiO (TiO2 LIPE (LIPE® MS. . (MS) 6 48 corporal canadeaçúcar cana açúcar moído 0 0% 5 5% 10 15 MS) Adotouse Adotou se retal dia P>0,05 P005 P 05 (P>0,05 10,3 103 3 (10, vs 12,1 121 12 1 111 11 11, 12,5 125 102 2 10, 12,9 129 9 127 7 12, 109 kgvacadia vaca respectivamente. respectivamente respectivamente) mostraramse oferecida crômico pois cocho (TiO (LIPE (MS P>0,0 P00 (P>0,0 (10 P>0, P0 (P>0, (1 P>0 (P>0 ( P> (P> (P

Abstract The accurate determination of individual dry matter intake (DMI) is an important parameter for evaluating the nutritional value of a diet and allows for an adequate supply of food according to the nutritional requirements of each animal. When it is not possible to measure this parameter using a direct method, the DMI can be estimated based on faecal production markers and the in vitro digestibility of dry matter (IVDMD) of the diet. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the external marker titanium dioxide (TiO2) and enriched and modified hydroxyphenylpropane (LIPE®) on DMI. Four multiparous Holstein × Gyr cows with an average of 60 days in milk and 488 kg of body weight were used. The animals were housed in a free stall barn and fed diets based on sugarcane silage supplemented with concentrate composed of ground corn, cottonseed meal and 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% whole cottonseed on a dry matter (DM) basis. A 4 x 4 Latin square design was adopted. The DMI was determined by the ratio between the faecal production estimated by the markers and the IVDMD of the diet, with faeces collected by rectal grabbing twice a day for a period of seven days. There was no difference (P>0.05) in the DMI estimated by the external markers TiO2 and LIPE® (10.3 vs. 12.1; 11.1 vs. 12.5; 10.2 vs. 12.9; and 12.7 vs. 10.9 kg/cow/day in relation to the measured DMI for diets with 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% inclusion of whole cottonseed, respectively). The external markers LIPE® and TiO2 proved to be suitable for estimating cow DMI. Regardless of the diet offered, both external markers can be used to replace the external marker chromic oxide, as the DMI estimated by them did not differ from the DMI measured in the trough. (DMI animal method (IVDMD TiO (TiO2 LIPE (LIPE® 6 48 corn 0 0% 5 5% 10 15 DM (DM basis adopted P>0.05 P005 P 05 (P>0.05 10.3 103 3 (10. vs 12.1 121 12 1 111 11 11. 12.5 125 102 2 10. 12.9 129 9 127 7 12. 109 kgcowday respectively. respectively . respectively) offered oxide trough (TiO (LIPE P>0.0 P00 (P>0.0 (10 P>0. P0 (P>0. (1 P>0 (P>0 ( P> (P> (P

Resumo Este estudo in vitro teve como objetivo investigar o efeito da nitretação por implantação iônica de plasma nas propriedades de superfície do titânio e na resposta celular inicial. Discos de titânio grau 4 (12,7 × 2 mm) foram jateados com partículas de óxido de alumínio para criar superfícies moderadamente rugosas. Os discos experimentais (TiN) foram nitrados usando a técnica de implantação iônica de plasma em uma câmara de vácuo. A caracterização da superfície foi realizada usando microscopia confocal a laser, microscopia de força atômica (AFM) e espectroscopia de fotoelétrons de raios X (XPS). A molhabilidade da superfície foi avaliada medindo o ângulo de contato de uma gota séssil usando um goniômetro. Células osteoblásticas humanas foram semeadas nos discos para avaliar a adesão e proliferação celular nos dias 1, 3, 5 e 7 de cultura, usando um ensaio de composto de tetrazólio. A atividade da fosfatase alcalina (ALP) foi medida no dia 7 para avaliar a diferenciação celular. A morfologia celular foi examinada por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (SEM) e microscopia confocal a laser. O grupo TiN exibiu micro-rugosidade similar ao grupo controle; no entanto, apresentou maior densidade de nanostruturas, aumento do conteúdo de nitrogênio e ligeira melhoria na molhabilidade. A proliferação celular e a atividade da ALP foram similares entre os grupos após sete dias de cultura. Em conclusão, a nitretação por implantação iônica de plasma melhora as nanocaracterísticas da superfície e a molhabilidade sem comprometer a biocompatibilidade do titânio, tornando-se uma técnica promissora de modificação de superfície para implantes dentários e ortopédicos. inicial 12,7 127 12 (12, mm rugosas (TiN vácuo laser AFM (AFM XPS. XPS . (XPS) goniômetro 1 3 cultura tetrazólio (ALP SEM (SEM microrugosidade micro rugosidade controle entanto nanostruturas conclusão tornandose tornando se ortopédicos 12, (12 (XPS (1 (

Abstract This in vitro study aimed to investigate the effect of plasma ion implantation nitriding on titanium's surface properties and initial cell response. Grade 4 titanium discs (12.7 × 2 mm) were blasted with aluminum oxide particles to create moderately rough surfaces. The experimental discs (TiN) were nitrided using the plasma ion implantation technique in a vacuum chamber. Surface characterization was performed using laser confocal microscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Surface wettability was assessed by measuring the contact angle of a sessile drop using a goniometer. Human osteoblast cells were seeded on the discs to evaluate cell attachment and proliferation at 1, 3, 5, and 7 days of culture using a tetrazolium compound assay. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was measured at day 7 to assess cell differentiation. Cell morphology was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The TiN group exhibited similar micro-roughness to the control group; however, it displayed a higher density of nanostructures, increased nitrogen content, and slightly improved wettability. Cell proliferation and ALP activity were similar between the groups after seven days of culture. In conclusion, plasma ion implantation nitriding enhances surface nanofeatures and wettability without compromising the biocompatibility of titanium, making it a promising surface modification technique for dental and orthopedic implants. titaniums s response 12.7 127 12 (12. mm surfaces (TiN chamber AFM, AFM , (AFM) Xray X ray XPS. XPS . (XPS) goniometer 1 3 5 assay (ALP differentiation SEM (SEM microroughness micro roughness however nanostructures content conclusion implants 12. (12 (AFM (XPS (1 (

RESUMEN En el comienzo de la historia del grafeno, el óxido de grafeno representaba únicamente un paso intermedio en la metodología para la obtención de láminas de grafeno. Sin embargo, resultados posteriores en la investigación de este material mostraron que el óxido de grafeno exhibe una estructura con defectos y grupos funcionales que le confieren propiedades únicas. Dada la versatilidad de su superficie, se han propuesto distintas vías de funcionalización que han resultado en la obtención de gran variedad de materiales híbridos. En este trabajo, presentamos la obtención y caracterización de tres materiales funcionalizados basados en láminas de óxido de grafeno decoradas con nanopartículas de plata, dióxido de titanio e hidroxiapatita. Estas nanoestructuras fueron caracterizadas mediante difracción de rayos X, espectroscopía Raman y microscopía electrónica de transmisión. De forma particular se estudió la mejora en las propiedades térmicas del grafeno oxidadonanopartículas de plata mediante análisis termogravimétrico (TGA), la mejora de las señales Raman mediante el mecanismo químico de SERS en el material decorado con dióxido de titanio y se realizó un ensayo de viabilidad celular MTT, en el que se observó que no presentaba citotoxicidad el grafeno oxidado decorado con hidroxiapatita obtenido al usar urea para la precipitación del biocerámico.

ABSTRACT In the early history of graphene, graphene oxide represented only an intermediate step in the methodology for obtaining graphene sheets. However, subsequent results of the investigation of this material showed that graphene oxide exhibits a structure with defects and functional groups that give it unique properties. Given the versatility of its surface, different functionalization routes have been proposed that have resulted in obtaining a wide variety of hybrid materials. In this work, we present the obtaining and characterization of three functionalized materials based on graphene oxide sheets decorated with nanoparticles of silver, titanium dioxide and hydroxyapatite. These nanostructures were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. In particular, the improvement in the thermal properties of oxidized graphene-silver nanoparticles was studied through thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), the improvement of Raman signals through the chemical mechanism of SERS in the material decorated with titanium dioxide and a MTT cell viability assay, in which it was observed that the oxidized graphene decorated with hydroxyapatite obtained using urea did not present cytotoxicity.

Abstract Recently, the weather has experienced changes and these have affected our life style. Fossil fuels used by the human have contributed to climate change and today it is impossible to modify. Researchers have studied different kind of fuels that could use daily. Currently, hydrogen, from water splitting, is the best way to substitute the fossil fuels because water is present around the World. In photoelectrochemistry, the electrodes have a great importance. Behaviour of each semiconductor as 𝑇iO2, 𝐹2𝑂3, 𝑁iO, 𝐶uO, 𝑁iS, 𝑍nO, 𝐶u2𝑂, etc., give us individual efficiency respect to solar light. Also, the semiconductor chosen, type of crystallinity and superficial area are important points for achieve high in efficiency. This review shows that inverse opal has a greater contact compared to rod, cauliflower, nanotubes, etc. Different ways to deposit the polystyrene allows us gain more contact area and better photoelectrode efficiency. The main routes used to obtain binary oxides deposits, as electrophoretic, spin coating, vertical submersion, etc., help us to control polystyrene arrangement and obtain a uniform template. These techniques are discussed along this contribution.

Resumen Recientemente, el clima ha experimentado cambios que han afectado a nuestro estilo de vida. Los combustibles fósiles utilizados por el ser humano han contribuido al cambio climático y hoy es imposible modificarlo. Los investigadores estudian diferentes tipos de combustibles que podrían utilizarse diaria y actualmente, el hidrógeno, a partir de la ruptura de la molécula de agua, es la mejor manera de sustituir los combustibles fósiles porque el agua está presente en todo el mundo. En fotoelectroquímica, los electrodos tienen una gran importancia. El comportamiento de cada semiconductor como TiO2, Fe2O3, NiO, CuO, NiS, ZnO, Cu2O, etc., tiene cada uno una eficiencia individual respecto a la luz solar que reciben. Además, del semiconductor elegido, el tipo de cristalinidad y el área superficial de este son puntos determinantes para alcanzar un alto grado de eficiencia. La presente revisión muestra que el ópalo inverso tiene un mayor contacto y eficiencia en comparación con las varillas, la coliflor, los nanotubos, etc. Diferentes formas de depositar el poliestireno como molde nos permiten obtener mayor área de contacto y mejor eficiencia del fotoelectrodo semiconductor. Las principales vías utilizadas para obtener depósitos de óxidos binarios, como electroforesis vertical, etc., nos ayudan a controlar la disposición del poliestireno y obtener una capa uniforme. Estas técnicas se discuten a lo largo de esta contribución.

Abstract For oxide semiconductors for application in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), titanium dioxide conjugated with zinc oxide thin films was synthesized and characterized. The UV (ultraviolet) spectrum characterization showed a peak of absorbance at around 355 nm, with a band gap of 3.25 eV and reflectance around 85%. Such characteristics allowed the fabrication of DSSCs with N719 dye, under simulated light of 100 mW/cm2. The highest efficiency of 1.17% was at 5% titanium dioxide and 4 h of dye immersion. dyesensitized sensitized DSSCs, , (DSSCs) characterized ultraviolet (ultraviolet 35 nm 325 3 25 3.2 85 85% N N71 10 mWcm2 mWcm mW cm2 cm mW/cm2 117 1 17 1.17 5 immersion (DSSCs 32 2 3. 8 N7 mW/cm 11 1.1 1.

Local drug delivery systems used in dental implants need to have uniform pore size distribution, adequate wettability, chemical composition, and biocompatibility. In the present work, titanium was treated by pulsed plasma electrolytic oxidation (PPEO), using 0.025 M sodium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.25 M calcium acetate as electrolytes, aiming at use in drug delivery systems. Pulse with Ton/Toff (width pulse/repetition time) of 50 μs/100 μs or 100 μs/50 μs, duty cycle 0,33, and 0.67, respectively, were used. After treatment, Ca/P ratio, wettability, crystalline phase, pore size and distribution were determined. The average pore size ranged from 1.5 μm to 2.3 μm according to the increase of energy supplied to the system. Pore distributions with lower dispersion were verified for the Ton/Toff condition of 50 μs /100 μs, using a current density of 30 mA/dm2. On the other hand, the 100 μs/50 μs conditions produce larger pores, but with greater dispersion. In general, conditions with lower currents (30 mA/dm2 and 38 mA/dm2) and Ton/Toff ratio = 50/100 were the most appropriate for use in drug delivery systems, due to their size and distribution of uniform pores, greater hydrophilicity, and Ca/P ratio close to desirable (1.67) was obtained. wettability composition biocompatibility work PPEO, PPEO , (PPEO) 0025 0 025 0.02 25 0.2 electrolytes TonToff Ton Toff width pulserepetition pulse repetition time 5 μs100 μs/10 10 μs50 μs/5 033 33 0,33 067 67 0.67 respectively treatment CaP Ca P phase determined 15 1 1. 23 2 3 2. system /10 mAdm2 mAdm mA dm2 dm hand pores general (3 mA/dm 50100 50/10 hydrophilicity 1.67 167 (1.67 obtained (PPEO 002 02 0.0 0. μs10 μs/1 μs5 μs/ 03 0,3 06 6 0.6 /1 ( 5010 50/1 1.6 16 (1.6 00 μs1 0, / 501 50/ (1. (1

ABSTRACT Currently, the titanium substrate is one of the most important metallic biomaterials with application in orthopedics, dentistry, fracture fixation and knee and hip arthroplasty. Despite all these attractive properties, its biological inertia and low bactericidal capacity ends up limiting its osseointegration. In this sense, TiO2 and TiO2(MgO) coatings are performed to improve titanium characteristics, such as corrosion resistance. The objectives of this study were to analyze the corrosion resistance of titanium oxide and titanium oxide with addition of magnesium, topographies, morphologies and crystallinity on a titanium substrate through electrodeposition with constant current. Electrodepositions were performed on a three-electrode system, with titanium working electrode, Ag/AgCl as reference electrode and a platinum counter electrode in a potentiostat, and constant currents of 1.0 mA/cm2 were used for all processes. Characterizations by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), confocal microscopy, X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and potentiodynamic polarization were used. Topography and morphology analyze indicated a change in roughness (Ra) and all demonstrated a uniform surface. The XRD analyzes indicated only metallic titanium, but all of them had a difference in the FWHM, indicating possible amorphous phases or interstitial Mg, also causing a variation in the height of the peaks. Finally, the potentiodynamic polarization indicated that the coating with TiO2 there was an improvement of 37.90% and the TiO2 with addition of magnesium there was a loss of 13.43%. Therefore, the coatings caused changes in roughness, morphologies, crystalline networks and anticorrosive properties, thus enabling the modulation of the desired properties according to the oxidation environment used. Currently orthopedics dentistry arthroplasty osseointegration sense TiO TiO2MgO TiOMgO MgO TiO2(MgO characteristics topographies current threeelectrode three system AgAgCl Ag AgCl potentiostat 10 1 0 1. mAcm2 mAcm mA cm2 cm mA/cm processes SEM, SEM , (SEM) AFM, AFM (AFM) XRay X Ray (XRD Ra (Ra surface FWHM Mg peaks Finally 3790 37 90 37.90 1343 13 43 13.43% Therefore (SEM (AFM 379 3 9 37.9 134 4 13.43 37. 13.4 13.

RESUMO Atualmente, o substrato de titânio é um dos mais importantes biomateriais metálicos com aplicação em ortopedia, odontologia, fixação de fraturas e artroplastia de joelho e quadril. Apesar de todas estas propriedades atrativas, sua inércia biológica e baixa capacidade bactericida acaba limitando sua osseointegração. Neste sentido, revestimentos de TiO2 e TiO2(MgO) são realizados para aprimorar as características do titânio, como a resistência à corrosão. Os objetivos deste estudo foram analisar a resistência à corrosão do óxido de titânio e óxido de titânio com adição de magnésio, topografias, morfologias e cristalinidade em um substrato de titânio através da eletrodeposição com corrente constante. As eletrodeposições foram realizadas em um sistema de três eletrodos, sendo o titânio eletrodo de trabalho, Ag/AgCl como eletrodo de referência e um contra eletrodo de platina em um potenciostato e foram utilizadas correntes constantes de 1,0 mA/cm2 para todos os processos. Foram utilizadas as caracterizações por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), microscopia de força atômica (MFA), microscopia confocal, difração de raios X (DRX) e polarização potenciodinâmica. As análises de topografia e morfologia indicaram uma alteração nas rugosidades (Ra) e todas demonstraram uma superfície uniforme. As análises de DRX indicaram apenas o titânio metálico, porém todas tiveram uma diferença no FWHM, indicando possíveis fases amorfas ou Mg intersticial, causando também uma variação na altura dos picos. Por fim, a polarização potenciodinâmica indicou que o revestimento com TiO2 houve uma melhora de 37,90% e o TiO2 com adição de magnésio houve uma perda de 13,43%. Portanto, os revestimentos causaram alterações nas rugosidades, morfologias, redes cristalinas e nas propriedades anticorrosivas, possibilitando assim a modulação das propriedades desejadas de acordo com o ambiente de oxidação utilizado. Atualmente ortopedia odontologia quadril atrativas osseointegração sentido TiO TiO2MgO TiOMgO MgO TiO2(MgO topografias constante eletrodos trabalho AgAgCl Ag AgCl 10 1 0 1, mAcm2 mAcm mA cm2 cm mA/cm processos MEV, MEV , (MEV) MFA, MFA (MFA) confocal (DRX Ra (Ra uniforme metálico FWHM intersticial picos fim 3790 37 90 37,90 1343 13 43 13,43% Portanto anticorrosivas utilizado (MEV (MFA 379 3 9 37,9 134 4 13,43 37, 13,4 13,

Abstract This paper presents a dataset construction and data science analysis from the literature results of physicochemical characterization of ordinary Portland cement (OPC). The physicochemical variables included the percentage by mass of calcium oxide (CaO), silicon dioxide (SiO2), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), iron oxide (Fe2O3), magnesium oxide (MgO), sulfuric oxide (SO3), sodium oxide (Na2O), potassium oxide (K2O), titanium oxide (TiO2), free lime (CaOfree), equivalent alkaline (Na2Oeq), loss on ignition, specific surface, density, water-cement ratio, and compressive strength of cement at 28 days. The searching, collection, and assembly of the dataset aimed to evaluate the information related to those variables through exploratory data analysis, enabling a basic understanding of characterization results of OPCs obtained in publications from different types, sources, years, and countries. The dataset provides a useful source of physicochemical characterization of ordinary cement, and the exploratory data analysis provided an understanding of central, dispersion, and data distribution with statistical metrics of each variable and their pair-wise correlations in the assembled dataset. The constructed dataset and its analysis are a starting point to further data, studies, and artificial intelligence models to provide a broader global view of the production and properties of ordinary Portland cement. OPC. OPC . (OPC) CaO, CaO , (CaO) SiO2, SiO2 SiO (SiO2) Al2O3, Al2O3 AlO Al O (Al2O3) Fe2O3, Fe2O3 FeO Fe (Fe2O3) MgO, MgO (MgO) SO3, SO3 SO (SO3) Na2O, Na2O NaO Na (Na2O) K2O, K2O KO K (K2O) TiO2, TiO2 TiO (TiO2) CaOfree, CaOfree (CaOfree) Na2Oeq, Na2Oeq NaOeq Oeq (Na2Oeq) ignition surface density watercement water ratio 2 days searching collection types sources years countries central dispersion pairwise pair wise studies (OPC (CaO (SiO2 Al2O (Al2O3 Fe2O (Fe2O3 (MgO (SO3 (Na2O (K2O (TiO2 (CaOfree (Na2Oeq (SiO (Al2O (Fe2O (SO (TiO

Resumo Este artigo apresenta a construção de um conjunto de dados e a análise exploratória de dados a partir dos resultados da literatura de caracterização físico-química do cimento Portland comum (CPC). As variáveis físico-químicas incluíram a porcentagem em massa de óxido de cálcio (CaO), dióxido de silício (SiO2), óxido de alumínio (Al2O3), óxido de ferro (Fe2O3), óxido de magnésio (MgO), óxido sulfúrico (SO3), óxido de sódio (Na2O), óxido de potássio (K2O), óxido de titânio (TiO2), cal livre (CaOfree), equivalente alcalino (Na2Oeq), perda ao fogo, superfície específica, densidade, relação água-cimento e resistência à compressão do cimento aos 28 dias. A busca, coleta e montagem do conjunto de dados teve como objetivo avaliar as informações relacionadas a essas variáveis por meio de análise exploratória de dados, permitindo uma compreensão básica dos resultados de caracterização de CPCs obtidos em publicações de diferentes tipos, fontes, anos e países. O conjunto de dados fornece uma fonte útil de caracterização físico-química de cimento comum, e a análise exploratória de dados forneceu uma compreensão da distribuição central, de dispersão e de dados com métricas estatísticas de cada variável e suas correlações de pares no conjunto de dados montado. O conjunto de dados construído e sua análise são um ponto de partida para novos dados, estudos e modelos de inteligência artificial para fornecer uma visão global mais ampla da produção e propriedades do cimento Portland comum. físicoquímica físico química CPC. CPC . (CPC) físicoquímicas químicas CaO, CaO , (CaO) SiO2, SiO2 SiO (SiO2) Al2O3, Al2O3 AlO Al (Al2O3) Fe2O3, Fe2O3 FeO Fe (Fe2O3) MgO, MgO (MgO) SO3, SO3 SO (SO3) Na2O, Na2O NaO Na (Na2O) K2O, K2O KO K (K2O) TiO2, TiO2 TiO (TiO2) CaOfree, CaOfree (CaOfree) Na2Oeq, Na2Oeq NaOeq Oeq (Na2Oeq) fogo específica densidade águacimento água 2 dias busca tipos fontes países central montado (CPC (CaO (SiO2 Al2O (Al2O3 Fe2O (Fe2O3 (MgO (SO3 (Na2O (K2O (TiO2 (CaOfree (Na2Oeq (SiO (Al2O (Fe2O (SO (TiO

The present paper sets out to investigate the role of voltage pulse length on the properties of Nb:TiO2 films deposited by High Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering (HiPIMS). Several characteristics of the films were investigated, namely, resistivity, transmittance, crystallinity and band gap values of Nb:TiO2 films. Reactive depositions were carried out in Ar/O2 plasma with 40 µs, 50 µs, 60 µs, and 70 µs pulses. Increasing the pulse length changes the deposition from compound to metal mode. As it gets closer to metal mode, the deposition rate increases by up to one order of magnitude, while the resistivity of the resulting Nb:TiO2 film becomes as low as 10-4 Ω.cm, without any significant loss in optical transmittance, which remains close to 90% for a wavelength around 450 nm, but reduction in 25% of heat transmission (above 800 nm) were observed. Results indicate the anatase phase for all deposition conditions, and Ti3+ states increase with the pulse length, which can be explained by the generation of a second band gap. Both the niobium doping and the Ti3+ states can contribute to increase the conductivity of the Nb:TiO2 films in the as-deposited condition. NbTiO2 NbTiO Nb TiO2 TiO Nb:TiO HiPIMS. HiPIMS . (HiPIMS) investigated namely transmittance ArO2 ArO Ar O2 O Ar/O 4 5 6 7 pulses mode magnitude 104 10 10- Ωcm Ω cm Ω.cm 90 45 nm 25 above 80 observed conditions Ti3 Ti asdeposited condition (HiPIMS 1 9 2 8