The present work focused on the screening process of different inorganic oxides and different temperatures for the epoxidation reaction of macaw palm vegetable oil without using solvent, a promising Brazilian biomass that can substitute other vegetable oils (e.g., soybean oil) in technological applications. This oil has an iodine value of 108.48 g of I2 per 100 g being categorized as a semi-dry oil. The epoxidized vegetable oil can be applied in manifold areas in polymer science. The epoxidation reaction here presented avoided organic solvents and organic acids and aimed to produce a greener route using metal oxides or niobium phosphate as a peroxide-activating catalyst. The experimental parameters were maintained as 10 mol% of catalyst loading and a time of 24 h; however, the temperature for some catalysts was changed to improve the epoxide conversion. Experiments were measured by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR). Experiments using titanium oxide (TiO2) as a catalyst reached a conversion greater than 84.7%, while experiments using aluminium oxide (Al2O3) or lanthanum oxide (La2O3) achieved conversions of 22.6 and 30.1%, respectively. Furthermore, it was observed that both niobium compounds instantly react with hydrogen peroxide to form peroxy derivatives. solvent e.g., eg e (e.g. applications 10848 108 48 108.4 I semidry semi dry science peroxideactivating activating 1 mol 2 h however 1H H NMR. NMR . NMR) TiO2 TiO (TiO2 847 84 7 84.7% Al2O3 AlO Al O (Al2O3 La2O3 LaO La (La2O3 226 22 6 22. 301 30 30.1% respectively Furthermore derivatives e.g. (e.g 1084 4 108. (TiO 8 84.7 Al2O (Al2O La2O (La2O 3 30.1 e.g 84. 30.

Nanoparticles of TiO2 doped with low amount of Fe were synthesized from natural ilmenite obtained from alluvial gold mine wastes. The obtained TiO2 were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-Vis diffuse reflectance, thermogravimetric analysis/differential scanning calorimetry (TGA/DSC), N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results confirm the formation of mesoporous TiO2 nanoparticles in anatase phase with 0.05 wt.% of iron possibly replacing some titanium places. All the characterizations were performed to the synthesized solid and the reference materials (TiO2 anatase and Degussa P25). The photocatalytic activity of both the synthesized solid and references were evaluated in the photo-oxidation of cyanide in aqueous medium under UV illumination. An experimental design type Box-Behnken was performed choosing three different parameters: the initial concentration of cyanide (50, 150 and 250 ppm) the catalyst load (0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 g L-1) and the oxygen source. The percentage of cyanide conversion was chosen as response in the design obtaining as optimal conditions [CN-]0 = 50 ppm, catalyst load = 0.6 g L-1 and air bubbling. Under these conditions it was reached 32, 32 and 89% of cyanide conversion for Fe-TiO2 synthesized, TiO2 anatase and Degussa P25, respectively. TiO wastes Xray X ray XRD, XRD , (XRD) XRF, XRF (XRF) Fouriertransform Fourier transform FTIR, FTIR (FTIR) UVVis Vis reflectance analysisdifferential analysis differential TGA/DSC, TGADSC TGA/DSC TGA DSC (TGA/DSC) N adsorptiondesorption adsorption desorption isotherms TEM (TEM XPS. XPS . (XPS) 005 0 05 0.0 wt wt. places (TiO P25. P25 P P25) photooxidation photo oxidation illumination BoxBehnken Box Behnken parameters 50, (50 15 25 ppm 0.1, 01 1 (0.1 5 0. 10 1. L1 L source CN0 CN [CN-] 06 6 L- bubbling 3 89 FeTiO2 FeTiO Fe-TiO respectively (XRD (XRF (FTIR (TGA/DSC (XPS 00 P2 (5 2 0.1 (0. [CN- 8 ( (0 [CN

ABSTRACT Purpose: To determine the clinical outcomes in patients after type 1 Boston keratoprosthesis surgery and the significance of ultrasound biomicroscopy imaging for postoperative follow-up. Methods: This retrospective analysis included 20 eyes of 19 patients who underwent corneal transplantation with type 1 Boston keratoprosthesis between April 2014 and December 2021. Data on patient demographics, preoperative diagnosis, visual acuity, and postoperative clinical findings were analyzed. Results: Type 1 Boston keratoprosthesis implantation resulted in intermediate- and long-term positive outcomes. However, blindness and other serious complications such as glaucoma, retroprosthetic membrane formation, endophthalmitis, or retinal detachment also occurred. The use of ultrasound biomicroscopy imaging allowed for better evaluation of the back of the titanium plate, anterior segment structures, and the relationship of the prosthesis with surrounding tissues, which provided valuable postoperative information. Conclusion: Regular lifetime monitoring and treatment are necessary in patients who undergo Boston type 1 keratoprosthesis implantation for high-risk corneal transplantation. ultrasound biomicroscopy imaging can be a valuable imaging technique for the evaluation of patients with Boston type 1 keratoprosthesis, providing important information on anterior segment anatomy and potential complications. Further studies and consensus on postoperative follow-up protocols are required to optimize the management of patients with Boston type 1 keratoprosthesis. Purpose followup. followup follow up. up Methods 2 201 2021 demographics diagnosis acuity analyzed Results intermediate longterm long term However glaucoma formation endophthalmitis occurred plate structures tissues Conclusion highrisk high risk 202

Abstract This study is aimed to evaluate the compatibility of single-cone filling technique in reciprocal and rotationally formed canals in using Micro-CT (Micro-computed tomography). The samples were split into two groups according to the kinematics system used. In both groups, one canal of the shaped roots was filled with the lateral compaction and the other one with a matched single-cone technique with a bioceramic root canal sealer, BioRoot RCS. The percentage of voids in the canal were evaluated by micro-CT radiograph before and after obturation. Regardless of the kinematics used, the single-cone technique left significantly fewer voids than the lateral compaction. In the kinematics comparison, the group shaped with the reciprocal system and filled with the single-cone system had the best results. The reciprocal nickel-titanium (NiTi) system with a matching single-cone gutta percha filling technique was found to be more effective in terms of reducing voids in root canal filling.

Resumen Este estudio evaluó la compatibilidad de la técnica de obturación de cono único mediante el uso de Micro-CT (microtomografía computarizada). Las muestras se dividieron en dos grupos según el sistema rotatorio utilizado. En ambos grupos, el conducto se obturó con compactación lateral y el otro con una técnica de cono único combinada con el cemento biocerámico BioRoot RCS. El porcentaje de espacios vacíos en el conducto se evaluó mediante micro-CT antes y después de la obturación. Independientemente de la cinemática utilizada, la técnica de cono único dejó significativamente menos espacios que la compactación lateral. El grupo conformado con el sistema recíproco y obturado con el sistema de cono único obtuvo los mejores resultados. El sistema recíproco con una técnica de obturación de gutapercha de cono único es más eficaz en términos de reducir los espacios vacíos en el conducto radicular.

Abstract Mandibular fractures have a high prevalence in the maxillofacial region, often requiring surgical intervention. The gold standard for treatment involves open reduction with osteosynthesis using titanium plates. New biocompatible materials have been applied to address the complications and disadvantages of titanium plates, leading to the emergence of absorbable osteosynthesis plates. Understanding the effectiveness of titanium plates and absorbable osteosynthesis plates in the treatment of mandibular fractures helps determine the need to invest in new techniques with predictable outcomes. To describe the effectiveness of using titanium plates and absorbable osteosynthesis plates in the treatment of mandibular fractures. In August 2023, an exploratory systematic review of the available literature since 2018 on the use of absorbable osteosynthesis plates in mandibular fractures was conducted. PubMed, Scopus, and WOS were searched, including studies in English or Spanish. A total of 227 articles were obtained. After reviewing titles and abstracts, 29 articles were included for full-text reading. Nine duplicates were discarded, and 10 were excluded based on predefined criteria, resulting in a total of 10 articles for this study. Authors report that titanium plates exhibit less displacement of the contact surface in fractured segments due to a larger surface area, rigidity, and load-bearing capacity. Absorbable osteosynthesis plates are more flexible but are susceptible to greater deformation under significant masticatory forces, potentially leading to fracture opening and displacement of bone segments. Postoperative complications were analyzed, and no statistically significant differences were found. Titanium and absorbable devices did not differ in terms of biomechanical behavior and postoperative complications in the treatment of mandibular fractures. Further studies comparing both types of plates in mandibular fractures are needed.

Resumen Las fracturas mandibulares poseen una alta prevalencia en el territorio maxilofacial, requiriendo, en su mayoría, resolución quirúrgica. El Gold Standard corresponde a la reducción abierta con osteosíntesis con placas de titanio. Nuevos materiales biocompatibles han sido aplicados con el fin de subsanar las complicaciones y desventajas de las placas de titanio, surgiendo las placas de osteosíntesis reabsorbibles. Conocer la efectividad de las placas de titanio y placas de osteosíntesis reabsorbibles en el tratamiento de fracturas mandibulares permite determinar la necesidad de invertir en nuevas técnicas con resultados predecibles. Describir la efectividad del uso de placas de titanio y placas de osteosíntesis reabsorbibles en el tratamiento de fracturas mandibulares. Durante agosto del año 2023, se realizó una revisión sistemática exploratoria de la literatura disponible desde 2018 sobre el uso de placas de osteosíntesis reabsorbibles en fracturas mandibulares, empleándose los buscadores PubMed, Scopus y WOS incluyendo estudios en inglés o español. Se obtuvieron 227 artículos. Después de la revisión de título y resumen, 29 fueron incluidos para lectura de texto completo, se descartaron 9 duplicados, 10 fueron descartados por criterios de exclusión, quedando en total 10 artículos en este estudio. Autores relatan menor desplazamiento de la superficie de contacto de las placas de titanio en los segmentos fracturados, por una mayor área de presión superficial, rigidez y fuerza de carga. Las placas de osteosíntesis reabsorbibles son más flexibles y están sujetas a mayor deformación ante fuerzas masticatorias de gran magnitud, pudiendo generar apertura de la fractura, desplazamiento de segmentos óseos. Se analizaron las complicaciones post operatorias y no presentan diferencias estadísticamente significativas. Los dispositivos de titanio y reabsorbibles no difirieron en términos de comportamiento biomecánico y complicaciones postquirúrgicas en el tratamiento de fracturas mandibulares. Faltan nuevos estudios que comparen ambas placas en fracturas mandibulares.

Abstract The purpose of this in vitro study was to develop a polymeric nanofiber mesh coating for titanium implant surfaces and assess its contribution to the cellular response. Two types of dental implants TiUltraTM and TiUniteTM (Nobel Biocare) were coated with poly (lactic acid) nanofibers fabricated using the air-jet spinning technique (AJS). The morphology of the polymeric nanofibers was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the biocompatibility was evaluated in terms of cell adhesion by using human fetal osteoblasts (hFOB). The cellular localization was observed under a fluorescent microscope, and the gene expression of Col 1, ALP, and OCN was evaluated by RT-PCR. The micrographs showed that the polymeric nanofiber coated the titaium (Ti) dental implant surfaces with a randomized deposition anchored between the depth of the threads, and well-interconnected pores were observed. Cell adhesion increased significantly (P<.05) more on the surfaces of Ti dental implants coated with the polymeric nanofiber mesh than on those not coated. After 21 days, the cell adhesion decreased significatively on the uncoated surfaces (P<.05). Col 1 and ALP genes showed a higher level of expression on dental implant surfaces coated with polymeric nanofibers mesh than on uncoated surfaces. Coating Ti dental implant surfaces with polymeric nanofiber mesh is a straightforward deposition technique for stimulating the cell response and improving the gene expression of osteogenic markers.

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio in vitro fue realizar un recubrimiento con nanofibras poliméricas para superficies de implantes de titanio y evaluar el comportamiento de la respuesta celular. Se recubrieron dos tipos de implantes dentales TiUltraTM y TiUniteTM (Nobel Biocare) con nanofibras de ácido poliláctico (PLA) fabricadas con la técnica de hilado por propulsión de aire (AJS). Se caracterizó la morfología de las nanofibras poliméricas por Microscopia Electronica de Barrido (MEB) y se evaluó la biocompatibilidad en términos de adhesión celular utilizando osteoblastos fetales humanos (hFOB). La localización celular se observó con el microscopio fluorescente y la expresión génica de Col 1, ALP y OCN se evaluó con RT-PCR. Las micrografías mostraron que las nanofibras poliméricas recubrieron las superficies de los implantes dentales de titanio (Ti) con una deposición aleatoria lo que generó poros interconectados fibrilares. La adhesión celular aumentó significativamente (P<.05) en las superficies de los implantes dentales de Ti recubiertas con las nanofibras poliméricas comparado con las no recubiertas. Después de 21 días, la adhesión celular disminuyó significativamente en las superficies no recubiertas (P<.05). Los genes Col 1 y ALP mostraron un mayor nivel de expresión en las superficies de los implantes dentales recubiertas con nanofibras poliméricas comparado con las no recubiertas. El recubrimiento de superficies de implantes dentales de Ti con nanofibras poliméricas es una técnica de deposición sencilla para estimular la respuesta celular y mejorar la expresión génica de marcadores osteogénicos.

Abstract Cool materials have higher values of solar reflectance and lower values of thermal emittance, although still high when compared to conventional coatings, thus, their surfaces are less heated. In this regard, the goal was to identify the chemical elements present on cool surfaces that influence solar reflectance and thermal emittance. To this end, the spectral reflectance and the thermal emittance were measured with methods and equipment standardized by the Cool Roof Rating Council (CRRC) of 23 elastomeric cool coatings commercialized in the Brazilian market, and the chemical composition of the surfaces with EDS (Energy-dispersive X-ray detector) coupled to the field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) was analyzed. The presence of the metallic chemical element (titanium) in greater quantities on the surfaces was not decisive for lower thermal emittance values. The surfaces of materials with lower carbon and higher oxygen content have higher near infrared and solar reflectance. Therefore, surfaces with a matte finish have higher solar reflectance values because of the higher ratio of pigments in relation to resin than those with a glossy finish, which are mistakenly associated with higher reflectance due to its high surface gloss. thus heated regard end CRRC (CRRC 2 market Energydispersive Energy dispersive Xray X ray detector FESEM FE SEM (FE-SEM analyzed titanium (titanium Therefore gloss

Resumo Os materiais frios possuem maiores valores de refletância solar e menores, apesar de elevados, de emitância térmica comparados aos revestimentos convencionais, desta forma, aquecem menos suas superfícies. Assim, o objetivo foi identificar os elementos químicos presentes nas superfícies frias que influenciam na refletância solar e emitância térmica. Para isso, foram medidas a refletância espectral e a emitância térmica com métodos e equipamentos normatizados pelo Cool Roof Rating Council (CRRC) de 23 revestimentos frios elastoméricos do mercado brasileiro e analisada a composição química das superfícies com EDS (detector de energia dispersiva de raios-x) acoplado ao microscópio eletrônico de varredura por emissão de campo (SEM-FEG). A presença do elemento químico metálico (titânio) em maiores quantidades nas superfícies não foi determinante para menores valores de emitância térmica. As superfícies dos materiais com menor quantidade de carbono e maior em oxigênio possuem maior refletância no infravermelho próximo e solar. Portanto, superfícies com acabamento superficial fosco têm maiores valores de refletância solar por causa da maior proporção de pigmentos em relação à resina do que as de acabamento brilhante, que erroneamente são associadas com maior refletância por causa do alto brilho superficial. elevados convencionais forma Assim isso CRRC (CRRC 2 detector raiosx raios x raios-x SEMFEG. SEMFEG SEM FEG . (SEM-FEG) titânio (titânio Portanto brilhante (SEM-FEG

Abstract: This research examines the incorporation of CuO and TiO2 nanoparticles into polypropylene or cotton fabrics to develop reusable personal protective equipment. Different preparation methods are applied to anchor the nanoparticles and avoid leaching. The composition and preparation of fabrics are verified by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Optical properties are assessed by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and photoluminescence. The results show that for a low ratio of CuO to TiO2, the optical properties improve, reducing bandgap energy and the electron-hole pair recombination rate. Photodegradation of methylene blue increases by 22.8% in polypropylene fabrics and up to 350% in cotton fabrics. In conclusion, photoactivity in polypropylene fabrics is 23.7 times higher than in cotton fabrics, since the preparation method controls the loading of active species.

Resumen: Esta investigación examina la incorporación de nanopartículas de CuO y TiO2 sobre telas de polipropileno o algodón para su implementación como equipo de protección personal reusable. Se utilizan diferentes métodos de preparación para garantizar el anclaje de las nanopartículas y evitar su lixiviación. La composición y preparación de los textiles se verifica por microscopía electrónica de barrido y difracción de rayos X. Las propiedades ópticas se evalúan mediante espectroscopia de reflectancia difusa y fotoluminiscencia. Los resultados muestran que para una baja proporción de CuO a TiO2, se mejoran las propiedades ópticas de los textiles, reduciendo la energía de banda prohibida y la tasa de recombinación del par electrón-hueco. La fotodegradación del azul de metileno aumenta un 22.8% en textiles de polipropileno y hasta 350% en textiles de algodón. En conclusión, la fotoactividad en textiles de polipropileno es 23.7 veces mayor respecto al algodón, ya que con el método de preparación se controla el contenido de las especies activas.

Abstract The present case report aims to describe a surgical approach procedure for an orbital reconstruction in a patient with craniofacial fibrous dysplasia, planned with virtual mirroring and simulation using a 3D-printed realistic model. The patient was followed up by the neurosurgery and the oral and maxillofacial surgery teams and was diagnosed with monostotic fibrous dysplasia in the right frontal bone, affecting the right orbital roof. Our team performed surgical planning through virtual mirroring using the non-affected side. The surgical procedure was then performed with surgical access through the frontal bone to the orbital roof and reconstruction using a titanium plate. Both surgery teams monitored the patient, who presented no postoperative complications.

Resumo O presente relatório de caso tem como objetivo descrever um procedimento cirúrgico para reconstrução orbitária, através de planeamento por espelhamento virtual e simulação com modelo realístico impresso em 3D, utilizado para abordagem cirúrgica de displasia fibrosa craniana. Paciente sob acompanhamento pelas equipas de Neurocirurgia e Cirurgia e Traumatologia Oromaxilofaciais, diagnosticada com displasia fibrosa monostótica frontal à direita, com acometimento de teto orbitário direito. Foi realizado planeamento cirúrgico por meio de espelhamento digital com o lado não patológico e, posteriormente, procedimento cirúrgico com acesso cirúrgico pelo osso frontal ao teto da cavidade orbitária e reconstrução com placa de titânio. A paciente foi monitorizada por ambas as equipas e não apresentou complicações cirúrgicas pós-operatórias.

Abstract Austenitic stainless steels have a wide field of applications, highlighting the field of biomechanics and in particular, in the manufacture of different prosthetic cutting elements, which require a high surface quality to complete their service assignment, in particular resistance to corrosion and its aseptic characteristics. The objective of the work is to obtain the best surface quality during the finishing machining of AISI 304 steel on a CNC lathe. In carrying out the experiments, the cutting speed (2 levels), and the feed rate (4 levels) were used as independent variables. The depth of cut remained constant. Titanium nitride coated plates were used as cutting tools. The process was carried out with refrigerant fluid. As a result, the influence of the feed speed and cutting speed on the surface roughness values was determined, obtaining Ra values of 0.198 and 0.204 µm. The experimental results obtained were subjected to a multiple regression analysis, demonstrating that the model is highly significant and fits well to the available data.

Resumen Los aceros inoxidables austeníticos, posen un amplio campo de aplicaciones, destacándose el campo de la biomecánica y en particular en la fabricación de diferentes elementos de prótesis, los que requieren una alta calidad superficial para cumplimentar su asignación de servicio, en particular la resistencia a la corrosión y sus características asépticas. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo obtener la mejor calidad superficial durante el maquinado de acabado en torno CNC del acero AISI 304. En la realización de los experimentos se emplearon como variables independientes la velocidad de corte (2 niveles), y la velocidad de avance (4 niveles). La profundidad de corte se mantuvo constante. Como herramienta de corte se emplearon placas recubierta de nitruro de titanio. El proceso se realizó con fluido refrigerante. Como resultado se determinó la influencia de la velocidad de avance y velocidad de corte en los valores de rugosidad superficial, llegándose a obtener valores de Ra 0,198 y 0,204 µm. Los resultados experimentales obtenidos fueron sometidos a un análisis de regresión, demostrando que el modelo es altamente significativo y se ajusta bien a los datos disponibles.

Abstract Objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate the clinical effect of stainless-steel wire fixation on the early mouth-opening movement of an intracapsular fracture involving the condylar process. Materials and methods: In this study, patients who underwent mandibular condylar intracapsular fracture surgery in our hospital from 2012 to 2020 were selected as research subjects. A total of 44 patients received steel wire internal fixation treatment, 32 patients received titanium plate-and-nail rigid internal fixation, and 28 patients underwent conservative non-surgical treatment. Results: For the patients in the stainless-steel wire group, the degree of mouth opening reached normal levels of 3.7 cm approximately 10 days after surgery. The recovery time for the patients in the titanium plate-and-nail rigid internal-fixation group was 21 days, while the patients in the conservative treatment group needed 60 days to recover. Conclusion: The treatment of fixation with a stainless-steel wire for intracapsular condylar fracture reduced the time taken to perform mouth-opening exercises and improved the recovery rate of patients.

Resumen Objetivo: Explorar el efecto clínico de la fijación de alambre de acero inoxidable en el movimiento temprano de apertura de la boca en la fractura interna del cóndilo. Método: Este estudio seleccionó a pacientes que se sometieron a cirugía de fractura intracapsular de cóndilo en nuestro hospital de 2012 a 2020 como sujetos de investigación. Un total de 44 pacientes recibieron tratamiento de fijación interna de alambre de acero, 32 recibieron placa de titanio y fijación interna con clavos, y 28 recibieron tratamiento conservador no quirúrgico. Resultados: En los pacientes del grupo de alambre de acero inoxidable, alrededor de 10 días después de la cirugía el grado de apertura de la boca alcanzó un valor normal de 3.7 cm. El tiempo de recuperación de los pacientes en el grupo de fijación interna con clavos y placa de titanio fue de 21 días, mientras que los pacientes en el grupo de tratamiento conservador tardaron 60 días en recuperarse. Conclusiones: La fijación con alambre de acero inoxidable para el tratamiento de la fractura intracapsular del cóndilo acorta el tiempo hasta la apertura de la boca y mejora la tasa de recuperación de los pacientes.

ABSTRACT: The present report aims to sequentially and visually present the maxillary protraction of a Class III skeletal patient using the BAMP protocol. After conducting a clinical analysis of the case, it was decided to perform orthopedic treatment using titanium miniplates with Class III intermaxillary elastics following the BAMP protocol, in conjunction with dentoalveolar orthodontic treatment using fixed bimaxillary appliances with Roth prescription 0.022" Mini Sprint Forestadent. The success of the interceptive approach using the BAMP protocol is observed. This approach managed to reduce both the time and complexity of orthodontic treatment and also decreased the need for orthognathic surgery in adulthood. The BAMP treatment, designed for specific ages and growth stages, proved successful in a 12-year-old patient without growth potential. Miniplates as anchorage are effective for maxillary protraction in various cases, although post-surgical follow-up and education are required. It is recommended to remove the miniplates when they are no longer necessary, adapting the protocol to each patient. In summary, miniplate treatment is effective in correcting Class III skeletal anomalies.

RESUMEN: El presente reporte tiene como objetivo presentar de manera secuencial y visual la protracción maxilar de un paciente clase III esqueletal, utilizando el protocolo BAMP. Una vez realizado el análisis clínico del caso se decidió realiza un tratamiento ortopédico a través del uso de miniplacas de titanio con elásticos intermaxilares de clase III siguiendo el protocolo BAMP, junto a un tratamiento ortodóncico dento alveolar con aparatología fija bimaxilar prescripción Roth 0.22“ Mini sprint forestadent. Se observa el éxito del enfoque interceptivo utilizando el protocolo BAMP. Este enfoque logró reducir tanto el tiempo como la complejidad del tratamiento ortodóncico, y también disminuyó la necesidad de someterse a una cirugía ortognática en la edad adulta. El tratamiento BAMP, diseñado para ciertas edades y crecimiento, se demostró exitoso en un paciente de 12 años sin potencial de crecimiento. Las miniplacas como anclaje son efectivas para protracción maxilar en varios casos, aunque se necesita seguimiento y educación postquirúrgica. Se recomienda retirar las miniplacas cuando no sean necesarias, adaptando el protocolo a cada paciente. En resumen, el tratamiento con miniplacas es eficaz para corregir anomalías Clase III esqueléticas.

ABSTRACT Introduction: According to Barros (2017), Bentonite is a mixture of clays, generally impure, very fine grained, formed mainly by 60 to 80% of montmorillonite and also Kaolinite, Calcite and Pyrite. At the operational base of Petromoc Maputo Company, there is a set of tanks for fuel storage, that from a complex of tanks with coupled pipelines for the entry and withdrawal of fuels and effluent disposal. Objective: To evaluate the use of bentonite in the removal of toxic cations from the effluents generated at Petromoc Company. Materials and Methods: Bentonite samples were collected at the Industrial Minerals company. The effluent and influent samples were collected in the separator box of the operational base. The physicochemical experiments were carried out at the Analytical Chemistry Laboratory of the Eduardo Mondlane University. For the physical characterization of the bentonite, the pycnometric density, porosity (P) and specific surface area were determined. The mineralogical characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction analysis. The chemical characterization of the effluent and influent was performed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy. Results and Discussion: Mineralogical characterization showed the presence of bentonite minerals. The pH of the effluent before interacting with the bentonite was 3.22, after interaction the pH is between 5.8 and 9. High concentrations of Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Titanium (Ti) and Zinc (Zn) were determined in the effluent before the interaction with the bentonite. After the interaction, a removal of toxic elements is verified. Conclusions: The bentonite showed high efficiency in the removal of toxic cations.

RESUMEN Introducción: Según Barros (2017), la Bentonita es una mezcla de arcillas, generalmente impuras, de grano muy fino, formada principalmente por 60 a 80% de montmorillonita y también Caolinita, Calcita y Pirita. En la base operacional de la Empresa Petromoc Maputo, existe un conjunto de tanques para el almacenamiento de combustibles que forman un complejo de depósitos con tuberías acopladas para la entrada y retirada de combustibles y eliminación de efluentes. Objetivo: Evaluar el uso de la bentonita en la remoción de cationes tóxicos de los vertidos generados en la empresa Petromoc. Materiales y Métodos: La recogida de muestras de bentonita se realizó en la empresa de Minerales Industriales. Las muestras efluente y afluente se colectaron en la caja separadora de la base Operacional. Los experimentos fisicoquímicos se ejecutaron en el Laboratorio de Química Analítica de la Universidad Eduardo Mondlane. Para la caracterización física de la bentonita, se determinaron la densidad picnométrica, porosidad (P) y superficie específica. La caracterización mineralógica se realizó por análisis de difracción de rayos X. La caracterización química del efluente y afluente se realizó mediante la Espectroscopía de Emisión Atómica por Plasma Inductivamente acoplado. Resultados y Discusión: La caracterización mineralógica demostró la presencia de minerales de bentonita. El pH del efluente antes de interactuar con la bentonita era de 3,22, tras la interacción el pH está entre 5,8 a 9. Se determinaron altas concentraciones de Cadmio (Cd), Cromo (Cr), Cobre (Cu), Titanio (Ti) y Zinc (Zn), en el efluente antes de la interacción con la bentonita. Después de la interacción, se verifica remoción de elementos tóxicos. Conclusiones: La bentonita demostró alta eficiencia en la remoción de cationes tóxicos.

Abstract In this research, sensitized TiO2 photocatalysts were synthesized based on the functionalization of their surface with organic molecules (glycine and aminocaproic acid) and a cobalt trimer in its molecular form (Co3(dpa)4Cl2), (dpa = 2,2’-dipyridylamine), using two different heating methods (reflux and microwave) to carry out the anchoring reactions. The capacities of the photocatalysts for producing hydrogen from the water-splitting reaction were evaluated using a medium-pressure Hg lamp (125 W) and methanol as a sacrificial agent. Also, CuO-TiO2 and CoO-TiO2 photocatalysts were synthesized and evaluated for comparison purposes. The photocatalyst that presented the best performance was TiO2 sensitized with the cobalt trimer, using glycine as an anchoring molecule, and prepared with microwave heating; this photocatalyst generated hydrogen at an average rate of 1887 mmol g-1 h-1. It was observed that the chain length of the anchoring molecule affects the photocatalytic activity, as the chain length increases, the production of hydrogen decreases. Last, microwave heating produced the photocatalyst with the best performance on hydrogen generation.

Resumen En esta investigación se sintetizaron fotocatalizadores de TiO2 basados en la funcionalización de su superficie con moléculas orgánicas (glicina y ácido aminocaproico) y un trímero de cobalto en su forma molecular (Co3(dpa)4Cl2), (dpa=2,2’-dipiridilamina), utilizando dos métodos de calentamiento (reflujo y microondas) para realizar las respectivas reacciones de anclaje. Estos fotocatalizadores fueron evaluados en su capacidad de producción de hidrógeno a partir de la reacción de separación del agua, utilizando una lámpara de Hg de mediana presión (125 W) y metanol como agente de sacrificio. Además, para fines de comparación, también se sintetizaron y evaluaron fotocatalizadores de CuO-TiO2 y CoO-TiO2. El fotocatalizador que presentó el mejor rendimiento fue el catalizador de TiO2 sensibilizado con el trímero de cobalto con glicina como molécula de anclaje, preparado utilizando calentamiento por microondas, el cual generó hidrógeno a una tasa promedio de 1887 mmol g-1 h-1. Se observó que la longitud de la cadena de la molécula de anclaje tiene un efecto sobre la actividad fotocatalítica, conforme aumenta el largo de la cadena, la producción de hidrógeno disminuye. Además, que el método de calentamiento por microondas es el que produce catalizadores con mejores resultados en la generación de hidrógeno.

Abstract Objective: To investigate the value of endoscopic duodenal papillary sphincterotomy combined with balloon dilatation in the treatment of duodenal papilloplasty with titanium clip after choledocholithiasis in post-operative complications. Materials and methods: One hundred and twenty-five patients (69 males and 56 females) with a median age of 65 (32-81) years were included. The treatment plan was randomly divided into Group A (n = 59) and Group B (n = 66) according to the random number table. Patients in Group A were treated with endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) combined with endoscopic papillary large balloon dilation (EPLBD), followed by a titanium clip for duodenal papilloplasty and then indwelling nasobiliary drainage, whereas those in Group B were treated with EST combined EPLBD to remove stones and then indwelling nasobiliary drainage. Results: In patients with choledocholithiasis or with anatomical changes that make stone extraction difficult, this prospective study attempted to perform duodenal papilloplasty with titanium clips after EST and EPLBD lithotripsy to compare and observe post-operative papillary healing, biliary reflux, and complication rates. Conclusions: The use of endoscopic duodenal papilloplasty with a titanium clip can improve biliary reflux after lithotripsy and reduce the incidence of post-operative cholangitis complications.

Resumen Objetivo: Investigar el valor de la esfinterotomía papilar duodenal endoscópica combinada con dilatación con balón en el tratamiento de la papiloplastia duodenal con clip de titanio después de coledocolitiasis en complicaciones postoperatorias. Materiales y métodos: Se incluyeron un total de 125 pacientes (69 hombres y 56 mujeres) con una mediana de edad de 65 (32-81) años. Los pacientes del Grupo A se trataron con esfinterotomía endoscópica (EST) combinada con dilatación papilar endoscópica con balón grande (EPLBD), seguida de clip de titanio para papiloplastia duodenal y luego drenaje nasobiliar permanente, mientras que los del Grupo B se trataron con EPLBD combinado con EST para eliminar cálculos y luego drenaje nasobiliar permanente. Resultados: En pacientes con coledocolitiasis o con cambios anatómicos que dificultan la extracción de cálculos, este estudio prospectivo intentó realizar papiloplastia duodenal con clips de titanio después de litotricia EST y EPLBD para comparar y observar la cicatrización papilar postoperatoria, el reflujo biliar y las tasas de complicaciones. Conclusión: El uso de papiloplastia duodenal endoscópica con clips de titanio puede mejorar el reflujo biliar después de la litotricia y reducir la incidencia de complicaciones de colangitis postoperatorias.