RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a sazonalidade da bronquiolite aguda no Brasil durante a temporada 2020–2022 e compará-la com a das temporadas anteriores. Métodos: Os dados de incidência de internações por bronquiolite aguda em lactentes <1 ano de idade foram obtidos do Departamento de Informática da base de dados da Saúde Pública Brasileira para o período entre 2016 e 2022. Esses dados também foram analisados por macrorregiões do Brasil (Norte, Nordeste, Sudeste, Sul e Centro-Oeste). Para descrever características sazonais e de tendência ao longo do tempo, utilizamos o Modelo de Médias Móveis Integradas Autorregressivas Sazonais. Resultados: Em comparação com o período pré-COVID-19, a incidência de hospitalizações relacionadas com bronquiolite aguda diminuiu 97% durante as intervenções não farmacológicas (março de 2020 – agosto de 2021), mas aumentou 95% após a flexibilização das intervenções não farmacológicas (setembro de 2021 – dezembro de 2022), resultando no aumento geral de 16%. Durante o período pré-COVID-19, as hospitalizações por bronquiolite aguda seguiram um padrão sazonal, que foi interrompido em 2020–2021, mas recuperaram-se em 2022, com um pico ocorrido em maio, aproximadamente 4% superior ao pico pré-COVID-19. Conclusões: Este estudo ressalta a influência significativa das intervenções contra a COVID-19 nas hospitalizações por bronquiolite aguda no Brasil. A restauração de um padrão sazonal em 2022 sublinha a interação entre as medidas de saúde pública e a dinâmica das doenças respiratórias em crianças pequenas. Objetivo 20202022 2020–202 comparála compará la anteriores Métodos 1 < 201 Norte, Norte (Norte Nordeste Sudeste CentroOeste. CentroOeste Centro Oeste . Centro-Oeste) tempo Sazonais Resultados préCOVID19, préCOVID19 préCOVID pré COVID 19, 19 pré-COVID-19 97 março 202 2021, , 2021) 95 setembro 2022) 16 16% 20202021 2020–2021 recuperaramse recuperaram se maio 4 préCOVID19. 19. Conclusões COVID19 COVID-1 pequenas 2020202 2020–20 20 Centro-Oeste préCOVID1 pré-COVID-1 9 COVID1 COVID- 202020 2020–2 2 pré-COVID- 20202 2020– pré-COVID

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the seasonality of acute bronchiolitis in Brazil during the 2020–2022 season and compare it with the previous seasons. Methods: Data from the incidence of hospitalizations due to acute bronchiolitis in infants <1 year of age were obtained from the Department of Informatics of the Brazilian Public Health database for the period between 2016 and 2022. These data were also analyzed by macro-regions of Brazil (North, Northeast, Southeast, South, and Midwest). To describe seasonal and trend characteristics over time, we used the Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Averages Model. Results: Compared to the pre-COVID-19 period, the incidence of hospitalizations related to acute bronchiolitis decreased by 97% during non-pharmacological interventions (March 2020 – August 2021) but increased by 95% after non-pharmacological interventions relaxation (September 2021 – December 2022), resulting in a 16% overall increase. During the pre-COVID-19 period, hospitalizations for acute bronchiolitis followed a seasonal pattern, which was disrupted in 2020–2021 but recovered in 2022, with a peak occurring in May, approximately 4% higher than the pre-COVID-19 peak. Conclusions: This study underscores the significant influence of COVID-19 interventions on acute bronchiolitis hospitalizations in Brazil. The restoration of a seasonal pattern in 2022 highlights the interplay between public health measures and respiratory illness dynamics in young children. Objective 20202022 2020–202 seasons Methods 1 < 201 macroregions macro regions North, North (North Northeast Southeast South Midwest. Midwest . Midwest) time Model Results preCOVID19 preCOVID pre COVID 19 pre-COVID-1 97 nonpharmacological non pharmacological March 202 95 September , 2022) 16 increase 20202021 May 4 Conclusions COVID19 COVID-1 children 2020202 2020–20 20 preCOVID1 pre-COVID- 9 COVID1 COVID- 202020 2020–2 2 pre-COVID 20202 2020–

Resumen Objetivo: cuantificar la incertidumbre asociada con la estimación del valor actual del ciclo económico. Metodología: se emplea el filtro de Baxter y King en una serie de tiempo ampliada con proyecciones, asumiendo caminata aleatoria, y se construyen intervalos de confianza para el ciclo de manera analítica y con bootstrap. Limitaciones: la calidad de los intervalos de confianza se deteriora en presencia de cambio estructural en la serie de tiempo. Originalidad: la originalidad subyace en proponer una metodología para determinar la fase actual del ciclo económico de manera conjunta con una cuantificación de la incertidumbre respecto a tal medición. Conclusión: para Costa Rica, el método propuesto conduce a estimaciones del ciclo económico menos sensibles a nuevos datos que lo obtenido con el filtro de Hodrick y Prescott, y simulaciones muestran que los intervalos de confianza propuestos proveen la confianza nominal especificada.

Abstract Objetive: To quantify the uncertainty associated to the estimation of the current value of the business cycle. Methodology: The Baxter and King filter is applied to an time series expanded with forecasts, assuming a random walk, and confidence intervals are build for the cyclical component both analytically and using bootstrap. Limitations: The quality of the confidence 1 intervals deteriorates when there is a structural break in the time series. Originality: The original contribution of this article is a proposed methodology to jointly determined the current phase of the business cycle and the uncertainty associated with such measurement. Conclusions: For Costa Rica, the proposed method provides estimations of the business cycle that are less sensitive to new data points than the Hodrick and Prescott filter, and simulations show that the proposed confidence intervals provide the specified nominal confidence.

Abstract The growing use of contemporary models for predicting carbonation fronts, such as artificial neural networks, requires greater rigor in terms of database completeness. Treating carbonation depth databases as time series is a favorable alternative for quality assurance. Therefore, the aim of this article is to identify the best technique for imputing missing data in time series of carbonation depths of concrete with different compositions. The database used was information collected from concretes subjected to natural carbonation over 20 years of exposure belonging to the GEDur/UFG. Ten imputation techniques were tried, such as foward fill, moving average, interpolation and Kalman filter. All the techniques and analyses were implemented using the Python programming language in an integrated development environment. Based on the performance metrics and visual analysis, it was found that monotonic cubic spline interpolation captured the pattern of the carbonation depth curve as a function of time with greater precision and accuracy, achieving a performance index of 0.998 and RMSE between 0.106 mm and 0.863 mm depending on the concrete sample. fronts networks completeness assurance Therefore compositions 2 GEDurUFG GEDur UFG GEDur/UFG tried fill average filter environment analysis accuracy 0998 0 998 0.99 0106 106 0.10 0863 863 0.86 sample 099 99 0.9 010 10 0.1 086 86 0.8 09 9 0. 01 1 08 8

Resumo O crescente uso de modelos contemporâneos de previsão de frentes de carbonatação, como redes neurais artificiais, exige maior rigor sobre a completude dos bancos de dados. Tratar os bancos de dados de profundidades de carbonatação como séries temporais é uma alternativa favorável à garantia da qualidade. Dessa forma, este artigo tem o objetivo de identificar a melhor técnica de imputação de dados ausentes em séries temporais de profundidades de carbonatação de concretos com diferentes composições. Como banco de dados foram utilizadas as informações coletadas de concretos submetidos à carbonatação natural ao longo de 20 anos de exposição pertencentes ao grupo GEDur/UFG. Foram experimentadas dez técnicas de imputação entre as quais destacam-se, foward fill, média móvel, interpolação e filtro de Kalman. Todas as técnicas e análises foram implementadas utilizando linguagem de programação em python dentro de um ambiente de desenvolvimento integrado. Com base nas métricas de desempenho e análise visual, constatou-se que a interpolação spline monotônica cúbica capturou o padrão da curva de profundidade de carbonatação em função do tempo com maior precisão e acurácia, alcançando índice de desempenho de 0,998 e RMSE entre 0,106mm e 0,863mm dependendo da amostra de concreto. artificiais qualidade forma composições 2 GEDurUFG GEDur UFG GEDur/UFG destacamse, destacamse destacam se, se destacam-se fill móvel Kalman integrado visual constatouse constatou acurácia 0998 0 998 0,99 0106mm mm 106mm 0863mm 863mm concreto 099 99 0,9 09 9 0,

ABSTRACT Streamflow data from gauging stations are essential for effective water resources management. However, some regions in Brazil lack the necessary data. Hydrological regionalization is an alternative technique for obtaining data such regions. However, not all regions in Brazil have defined hydrological regionalization models, including the state of Goiás and the Brazilian Federal District. The objective of this study was to develop a hydrological regionalization methodology based on the separation of hydrologically homogeneous regions and multiple linear regression, using a Geographic Information System (GIS) program. Historical series data were used to calculate reference flows with 90 or 95% duration over time in the watercourse (Q90 and Q95) and the mean flow (Ǭ). Rain gauge station data were used to calculate the mean annual rainfall in each watershed through spatial interpolation by ordinary kriging. Subsequently, the physiographic characteristics of each watershed were calculated. The hydrologically homogeneous regions were delimited based on these data using cluster analysis, which identified seven hydrologically homogeneous regions in Goiás, two of them belonging to the Federal District. Multiple regression allowed the development of seven regionalization models. Models for regions 1, 3, 4, 5, and 7 showed better performance. management However models District GIS (GIS program 9 95 Q90 Q (Q9 Q95 Ǭ. Ǭ . (Ǭ) kriging Subsequently calculated analysis 1 3 4 5 performance Q9 (Q (Ǭ

RESUMO Para gerenciar os recursos hídricos de forma eficaz, os dados de vazão das estações hidrométricas são cruciais. No entanto, no Brasil, algumas regiões não dispõem dos dados necessários. A regionalização hidrológica é uma técnica alternativa para obter dados para essas regiões. Infelizmente, nem todas as regiões do Brasil têm modelos de regionalização hidrológica definidos, incluindo Goiás e o Distrito Federal. O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver uma metodologia de regionalização hidrológica, baseada na separação de regiões hidrologicamente homogêneas e na regressão multivariada, utilizando o programa Sistema de Informações Geográficas (SIG). Com base na série histórica, foram calculadas as vazões de referência com 90 ou 95% de permanência ao longo do tempo no curso d’água (Q90 e Q95) e a vazão média (Ǭ). Com os dados das estações pluviométricas, foi calculada a precipitação média anual de cada uma das bacias hidrográficas fluviométricas, por meio de interpolação espacial por krigagem ordinária. Posteriormente, foram calculadas as características fisiográficas de cada bacia. Com esses dados, as regiões hidrologicamente homogêneas foram delimitadas por meio da análise de agrupamento. A análise de cluster identificou sete regiões hidrologicamente homogêneas em Goiás, sendo que duas delas pertencem ao Distrito Federal. A regressão multivariada levou ao desenvolvimento de sete modelos de regionalização. Os modelos para as regiões 1, 3, 4, 5 e 7 apresentaram melhor desempenho. eficaz cruciais entanto necessários Infelizmente definidos Federal SIG. SIG . (SIG) histórica 9 95 dágua d água Q90 Q (Q9 Q95 Ǭ. Ǭ (Ǭ) pluviométricas fluviométricas ordinária Posteriormente bacia agrupamento 1 3 4 desempenho (SIG Q9 (Q (Ǭ

Abstract A series of cases is reported of women in whom, after an esthetic procedure of injection of biopolymers into the buttocks, they present complications due to the extensive migration (and spreading) of these and post-surgical complications secondary to the extraction of the exogenous material. Although the complications of biopolymers are more common over time, they are rare cases and have few reports in the literature. More and more late effects of iatrogenic allogenosis are seen, and it becomes a topic of medical interest to recognize the main radiological findings associated with biopolymers, which awakens the need to report cases, recognize their complications, and carry out a review of the literature to update and thus improve the outcomes, the quality of life, and the long-term side effects.

Resumen Se reporta una serie de casos de mujeres en quienes posterior a un procedimiento estético de inyección de biopolímeros en los glúteos, presentan complicaciones dadas por la diseminación extensa de estos y posquirúrgicas secundarias a la extracción del material exógeno. Aunque las complicaciones de los biopolímeros son más comunes en el tiempo, son casos infrecuentes y con pocos reportes en la literatura. Cada vez se ven más efectos tardíos de la alogenosis iatrogénica y se convierte en un tema de interés médico reconocer los principales hallazgos radiológicos asociados a los biopolímeros, el cual despierta la necesidad de reportar casos, reconocer sus complicaciones y hacer una revisión de la literatura con el fin de actualizarse y de esta forma mejorar en los desenlaces, en la calidad de vida y en las secuelas a larga plazo.

Abstract Objective: Efforts to discover increasingly safe, effective, and cosmetically satisfactory surgical accesses have allowed the development of various neurosurgical techniques, which can be identified in post-surgical imaging controls. The Hospital San Pablo de Coquimbo, within the national neurosurgical network, corresponds to the referral center for cerebrovascular pathologies in the third and fourth regions of the country. This collection of clinical cases aims to describe, from an imaging point of view, different surgical accesses that are frequently used for the treatment of cerebrovascular pathology in our center. Methods: This work corresponds to a retrospective study carried out at the Hospital San Pablo in Coquimbo between February and June of 2022, where we reviewed and described different clinical cases of minimally invasive neurosurgical approaches, accompanied by a brief bibliographic review of each type of access. Results: Five clinical cases are presented with different minimally invasive techniques such as micro-pterional, mini-pterional, mini-retrosigmoid, parasagittal, and mini-suboccipital craniotomies. Conclusion: Over time, new techniques have been developed for the resolution of neurosurgical pathology. It is essential to know the anatomical references used in the different techniques, for their correct description when interpreting neuroimaging.

Resumen Objetivo: Los esfuerzos por descubrir accesos quirúrgicos cada vez más seguros, efectivos y cosméticamente satisfactorios han permitido el desarrollo de variadas técnicas neuroquirúrgicas, las cuales pueden identificarse en controles imagenológicos posquirúrgicos. El Hospital San Pablo de Coquimbo, dentro de la red neuroquirúrgica nacional, corresponde al centro de derivación de patologías cerebrovasculares de la tercera y cuarta región del país. Esta recopilación de casos clínicos tiene como objetivo describir desde el punto de vista imagenológico diferentes accesos quirúrgicos que resultan frecuentes de utilizar para el tratamiento de la patología cerebrovascular en nuestro centro. Método: Este trabajo corresponde a un estudio retrospectivo realizado en el Hospital San Pablo de Coquimbo entre febrero y junio del año 2022, donde revisamos y describimos diferentes casos clínicos de abordajes neuroquirúrgicos mínimamente invasivos, acompañados de una breve revisión bibliográfica de cada tipo de acceso. Resultados: Se exponen cinco casos clínicos con distintas técnicas mínimamente invasivas como craneotomías micropterional, minipterional, minirretrosigmoidea, parasagital y minisuboccipital. Conclusiones: Con el paso del tiempo se han desarrollado nuevas técnicas para la resolución de la patología neuroquirúrgica. Resulta esencial conocer las referencias anatómicas utilizadas en las diferentes técnicas, para su correcta descripción al interpretar una neuroimagen.

Abstract: The Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) curves are a way to visualize and represent extreme hydrometeorological rainfall events. In this article, an analysis of convective rainfall events recorded at the La Piedra Meteorological Station, Villa Clara, Cuba, was conducted. To develop IDF curves, the 2006-2019 time series was analyzed. A partial duration series was generated, including intervals from 20 minutes to 4320 minutes, subjected to an outlier detection process. The series was divided into two categories: one for durations ≤ 720 minutes and another for durations > 720 minutes. The resulting series underwent non-parametric tests to assess their independence, randomness, homogeneity, and seasonality. Subsequently, they were fitted to the Generalized Pareto probability distribution and to a parametric equation of the Montana model, and then the curves were plotted for return periods of 10, 50 and 100. The Montana model led to obtaining correlation coefficients greater than 0.90 compared to the other methods used, significantly improving the quality of the fit in both categories. This research provides information to understand and plan the management of intense climatic phenomena and adequate risk management in an area where such studies are lacking, facilitating access to crucial data essential in the design and execution of hydraulic engineering projects in the region.

Resumen: Las curvas de Intensidad-Duración-Frecuencia (IDF) son una manera de visualizar y representar los eventos hidrometeorológicos extremos de lluvia. En este artículo se llevó a cabo un análisis de eventos de lluvias convectivas registrados en la Estación Meteorológica La Piedra, Villa Clara, Cuba. Para desarrollar curvas IDF se analizó la serie temporal 2006-2019. Se generó una serie de duración parcial que incluyó intervalos de 20 minutos hasta 4320 minutos, sometiéndola a un proceso de detección de datos anómalos. La serie se dividió en dos categorías: una para duraciones ≤ 720 minutos y otra para duraciones > 720 minutos. Las series resultantes se sometieron a pruebas no paramétricas para evaluar su independencia, aleatoriedad, homogeneidad y estacionalidad. Posteriormente, se procedió a ajustarlas a la distribución probabilística Generalizada de Pareto y a una ecuación paramétrica del modelo de Montana. Luego se grafica la representación de las curvas para períodos de retorno de 10, 50 y 100 años. El modelo de Montana condujo a la obtención de coeficientes de correlación superiores a 0.90 y a los demás métodos utilizados, mejorando significativamente la calidad del ajuste en ambas categorías. Esta investigación aporta información para comprender y planificar la gestión de fenómenos climáticos intensos, así como para una adecuada gestión de riesgos en una zona donde no se cuenta con este tipo de estudios. Asimismo, facilita el acceso a datos cruciales que resultan fundamentales en el diseño y ejecución de proyectos de ingeniería hidráulica en la zona.

Resumen: El presente trabajo tiene como propósito exponer el origen y circulación de algunas estampas y pinturas con la efigie del rey Fernando VII. Partiendo del análisis comparativo de ejemplares de efigies, grabados y pinturas que circularon entre España y la Nueva España durante los dos primeros años de la crisis monárquica española, así como una serie de testimonios de la época, se probará la presencia del imaginario pictórico fernandino, su uso propagandístico y las contrastantes ideas que dichas imágenes, en consonancia con el discurso fidelista de la época, pudieron generar entre la opinión pública.

Abstract: This article has the objective of explaining the origin and circulation of certain stamps and paintings with the likeness of King Fernando VII. Through a comparative analysis of examples of illustrations, engravings and paintings that circulated between Spain and New Spain during the first two years of the crisis of the Spanish monarchy, as well as of a series of contemporary testimonies, it will demonstrate the presence of a pictorial imaginary, its propagandistic use and the contrasting ideas that these images, in accordance with the loyalist discourse of the time, could provoke in public opinion.

Resumen Luego de indagar sobre el lugar que las Fuerzas Armadas ocuparon en el proyecto político venezolano, entre 1999 y 2005, este artículo se propone historiar sobre una serie de elaboraciones y replanteos civiles y militares que abrevaron en este. Se considera que tal lugar guarda relación con un conjunto de intercambios sostenidos en el tiempo, así como con el núcleo de relaciones sociales, académicas y políticas que forjaron una mirada crítica de los militares. Estos, en comunión con civiles académicos y militantes de izquierda, elaboraron, durante décadas, una serie de visiones y acciones. La concepción de Ofensiva Táctica de Masas y la de Defensa Integral de la Nación estructuran este trabajo, que busca asociar elaboraciones conceptuales y acciones, antes y después de la llegada al gobierno. Estas imbricaciones coadyuvaron no solo a la confección de una nueva doctrina militar bolivariana, sino, además, a una mirada crítica sobre la democracia representativa y la organización del sistema político en torno a ella.

Resumo Ao investigar o lugar que as Forças Armadas ocuparam no projecto político venezuelano entre 1999 e 2005, propomo-nos historicizar uma série de elaborações e reconsiderações civis e militares que o alimentaram. Consideramos que tal lugar está relacionado com um conjunto de trocas sustentadas ao longo do tempo, bem como com um núcleo de relações sociais, académicas e políticas que forjaram uma visão crítica dos militares que, em comunhão com académicos civis e militantes de esquerda, elaboraram uma série de visões e acções ao longo de décadas. A concepção da Ofensiva Táctica de Massas em conjunto com a da Defesa Integral da Nação estruturam este trabalho, procurando associar elaborações conceptuais e acções, antes e depois da chegada do governo. Essas sobreposições contribuíram não só para a criação de uma nova doutrina militar bolivariana, mas também para uma visão crítica da democracia representativa e da organização do sistema político em torno dela.

Abstract In order to investigate the place that the Armed Forces occupied in the Venezuelan political project between 1999 and 2005, this work proposes to historicize a series of civilian and military elaborations and reconsiderations that were based on it. It considers that such a place is related to a set of exchanges sustained over time, as well as to a core of social, academic and political relations that forged a critical view of the soldiers. They, in communion with civilian academics and leftist activists, developed a series of visions and actions for decades. The conception of Mass Tactical Offensive together with that of Integral Defense of the Nation structure this work, that seeks to associate conceptual elaborations and actions, before and after the arrival to the government. These overlaps contributed not only to the creation of a new Bolivarian military doctrine, but also to a critical view of representative democracy and the organization of the political system around it.

ABSTRACT Purpose To assess the incidence of the most common intra- and early postoperative complications following RIRS in a large series of patients with kidney stones. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients with kidney stones who underwent RIRS across 21 centers from January 2018 to August 2021, as part of the Global Multicenter Flexible Ureteroscopy Outcome (FLEXOR) Registry. Results Among 6669 patients undergoing RIRS, 4.5% experienced intraoperative pelvicalyceal system bleeding without necessitating blood transfusion. Only 0.1% of patients, required a blood transfusion. The second most frequent intraoperative complication was ureteric injury due to the ureteral access sheath requiring stenting (1.8% of patients). Postoperatively, the most prevalent early complications were fever/infections requiring antibiotics (6.3%), blood transfusions (5.5%), and sepsis necessitating intensive care unit admission (1.3%). In cases of ureteric injury, a notably higher percentage of patients exhibited multiple stones and stone(s) in the lower pole, and these cases were correlated with prolonged lasing and overall surgical time. Hematuria requiring a blood transfusion was associated with an increased prevalence of larger median maximum stone diameters, particularly among patients with stones exceeding 20 mm. Furthermore, these cases exhibited a significant prolongation in surgical time. Sepsis necessitating admission to the intensive care unit was more prevalent among the elderly, concomitant with a significantly larger median maximum stone diameter. Conclusions Our analysis showed that RIRS has a good safety profile but bleeding requiring transfusions, ureteric injury, fever, and sepsis are still the most common complications despite advancements in technology. intra 2 201 2021 FLEXOR (FLEXOR Registry 666 45 4 5 4.5 01 0 1 0.1 1.8% 18 8 (1.8 patients. . patients) Postoperatively feverinfections fever infections 6.3%, 63 6.3% , 6 3 (6.3%) 5.5%, 55 5.5% (5.5%) 1.3%. 13 1.3% (1.3%) s stone(s pole time diameters mm Furthermore elderly diameter technology 202 66 4. 0. 1.8 (1. 6.3 (6.3% 5.5 (5.5% 1.3 (1.3% 1. (1 6. (6.3 5. (5.5 (1.3 ( (6. (5. (6 (5

Resumen El objetivo del presente artículo es presentar un material de archivo inédito que da cuenta de las relaciones incipientes entre la Monarquía Hispánica y el Imperio Ming en los albores del siglo XVII. Se trata de tres cartas de Diego de Pantoja, el pionero de habla hispana en China, en las que se despliegan concepciones religioso-políticas alternativas a otros testimonios iberoamericanos de la época en las Indias Orientales. Este estudio emplea un método basado en tres pasos: la transcripción de las cartas, su contextualización historiográfica y la explicación de sus elementos geopolíticamente relevantes. El estudio tiene como resultado destacar la importancia de la figura de Pantoja para las relaciones internacionales en el ámbito del Pacífico, tanto en el pasado como en la actualidad. El aporte principal es traer a la luz un testimonio perteneciente a los orígenes del intercambio cultural acontecido entre el mundo chino y el hispanohablante que sirve como base para el entendimiento diplomático, el diálogo político y el desarrollo económico del presente.

Abstract The objective of this paper is to offer unpublished archival material with an account of the nascent relations between the Hispanic Monarchy and the Ming Empire at the dawn of the 17th century. These are three letters from Diego de Pantoja, the Spanish-speaking pioneer in China, with a series of religious-political conceptions whose character is alternative to other Ibero-American testimonies of the time in the East Indies. This study uses a method based on three steps: the transcription of the letters, their historiographical contextualization, and the explanation of their geopolitically relevant elements. As a result of this process, this study highlights the importance of the figure of Pantoja for international relations in the Pacific area, both in the past and the present. The main contribution is to bring to light a testimony from the origins of the cultural exchange between the Chinese and Spanish-speaking world that serves as a basis for diplomatic understanding, political dialogue, and economic development of the present.

Resumen Introducción: Comprender y tratar deformidades, defectos y fracturas complejas sigue siendo un desafío en el área de la Ortopedia y Traumatología. La aplicación de modelos de impresión 3D incluye el diagnóstico, la planificación quirúrgica, la creación de guías intraoperatorias e implantes y el entrenamiento quirúrgico. Las deformidades y fracturas articulares complejas representan un reto en el tratamiento quirúrgico debido a la complejidad tridimensional. La tecnología de impresión 3D permite simular la anatomía, la reducción de trazos fracturarios, osteotomías, y la dirección y longitud de los tornillos. El objetivo de este artículo es comunicar una serie de casos en los que se implementó la impresión 3D y presentar una revisión narrativa. Se describen dos casos de fractura de acetábulo, dos de escoliosis idiopática, una fractura del pilón tibial compleja y una fractura de astrágalo en los que se crearon modelos de impresión 3D para la planificación quirúrgica que resultaron beneficiosos tanto para el paciente como para el equipo quirúrgico. Conclusiones: Con el auge de la impresión 3D en el área de la Ortopedia y Traumatología, podremos facilitar el entendimiento de fracturas y deformidades complejas y mejorar las planificaciones prequirúrgicas. El tiempo de producción del modelo puede demorarse y ser una limitación para su uso en urgencias. Aún faltan estudios para evaluar los beneficios significativos para el paciente y el equipo médico, como la reducción del tiempo operatorio, la pérdida de sangre intraoperatoria y la exposición a la radiación.

Abstract Introduction: Understanding and treating deformities, defects and complex fractures remains a challenge in the area of orthopedics and traumatology. 3D printing models are used for diagnostics, surgical planning, the manufacturing of intraoperative guides and implants, and surgical training. The objective of our work was to report on a series of cases where 3D printing was implemented in our service and to carry out a narrative review. The case series includes two acetabular fractures, two idiopathic scoliosis, a complex tibial pilon fracture, and a talar fracture. 3D printing models were used for surgery planning, which benefited both the patient and the surgical team. Conclusions: With the rise of 3D printing in orthopedics and traumatology, we are able to better understand fractures and complex deformities, as well as improve preoperative planning. The model’s production timelines may be delayed, limiting its usefulness in an emergency. There are yet insufficient studies that report substantial benefits to the patient and medical team, such as reduced surgical time, intraoperative blood loss, and radiation exposure.

SUMMARY Introduction: The food sector includes a reasonable number of workers involved. Empirically, there is no doubt that this sector has work areas that by their nature involve a series of risk factors that can affect the health. Knowing and cataloguing these, in order to be able to draw up a preventive plan, is essential for the health of the worker (and the entity that employs him). This article aims to gather the main occupational risk factors/occupational risks, occupational diseases and recommended protective measures at kitchen workers. Methodology: This is a Scoping Review, initiated through a search carried out in the Medline database (via Pubmed), carried out during the month of November 2023, encompassing articles (in Portuguese and English), with the keywords "kitchen worker" and "occupational" in the title, with no time limit. The risk analysis tool "Online interactive risk assessment" of the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work was used as a complement. Content: The main risk factors found are exposure to chemical agents (products used to clean facilities and/or fruit and vegetables, or by-products from cooking); ergonomic risks (maintained/forced postures; repetitive movements, manual handling of loads); accidents (falls at the same level or at different levels; handling of equipment/utensils that increase the risk of burns, cuts and/or amputations); contact with electrical equipment, noise, heat stress and psychosocial risks. The main occupational diseases refer to musculoskeletal, psychosocial or dermatological conditions. Each unit should, however, be evaluated individually, according to its intrinsic characteristics. Conclusions: The safety and health of kitchen workers are issues that deserve constant attention from employers, regulators and society at large. This article explored some of the main occupational hazards and listed the need for effective preventive measures. Reducing these risks is not only an ethical and legal responsibility, but a smart strategy to improve operational efficiency and quality of services, avoiding accidents, minimizing absenteeism, but also improving the productivity of companies. It would be pertinent to develop investigations that assess the national reality

RESUMO Introdução: O setor da alimentação coletiva inclui um número razoável de trabalhadores envolvidos. Empiricamente, não existem dúvidas de que este setor possui áreas de trabalho que pela sua natureza envolvem uma série de fatores de risco que podem afetar a saúde dos trabalhadores. Conhecer e catalogar os mesmos, de modo a poder elaborar um plano preventivo, é essencial para a saúde do trabalhador (e da entidade que o emprega). Este artigo objetiva reunir os principais fatores de risco/riscos ocupacionais, doenças profissionais associadas e medidas de proteção recomendadas. Metodologia: Trata-se de umaScoping Review, iniciada através de uma pesquisa realizada nas base de dados Medline (via Pubmed), realizada durante o mês de novembro de 2023, englobando artigos (em português e inglês), com as palavras-chave “kitchen worker” e “occupational” no título, sem limite temporal. Utilizou-se como complemento a ferramenta de análise de riscos “Online interactive risk assessment”, da Agência Europeia para a Segurança e Saúde no Trabalho. Conteúdo: Os principais fatores de risco encontrados são exposição a agentes químicos (produtos na higienização das instalações e/ou hortofrutícolas, ou subprodutos derivados da confeção); riscos ergonómicos (posturas mantidas/ forçadas; movimentos repetitivos, manuseamento manual de cargas); riscos de acidentes (quedas ao mesmo nível ou a níveis diferentes; manuseamento de equipamentos/utensílios que aumentem o risco de queimaduras, cortes e/ou amputações); contato com equipamentos elétricos, ruído, stress térmico e riscos psicossociais. As principais doenças profissionais referem-se a condições musculoesqueléticas, psicossociais ou dermatológicas. Cada unidade deverá, no entanto, ser avaliada individualmente, mediante as suas caraterísticas intrínsecas. Conclusões: A segurança e saúde dos trabalhadores das unidades de alimentação coletiva são questões que merecem atenção constante dos Empregadores, reguladores e da sociedade em geral. Este artigo explorou alguns dos principais riscos ocupacionais e listou a necessidade de medidas preventivas eficazes. A redução destes riscos não é apenas uma responsabilidade ética e legal, mas uma estratégia inteligente para melhorar a eficiência operacional e a qualidade dos serviços, evitando acidentes, minimizando o absentismo, mas também melhorando a produtividade das empresas. Seria pertinente desenvolver investigações que avaliassem a realidade nacional.

Abstract Much is discussed about the climatic changes associated with regional or global atmospheric phenomena. Empiric evidence, however, only sometimes supports such claims even though it is necessary to visualize the strength of their effects and their relevance for the management and conservation agendas of those biosystems supporting the modern lifestyle. This work conducted a time series analysis with monthly precipitation data from the Monte Alto Protected Zone in Hojancha, Costa Rica, between May 2013 and November 2022. A disruption in the temporal pattern was detected in the rainy season of 2017, and it took about two years to return to the state observed back in 2013. Such disruption was linked to a cold period of the ENSO phenomenon, colloquially known as “La Niña”, and followed by a second disruption with an effect lasting until this moment. The data presented herein suggests that ENSO directly affects the precipitation pattern in the Monte Alto Reserve, whose original conservation purpose was to provide drinking water to local populations. The oscillations in the hydrological cycle, apparently more frequent in the last years based on the local context of this analysis, influence the quality of life of the affected populations and deserve monitoring for proper documentation and quantification intended to increase human resilience by means of adaptation.

Resumen Mucho se habla de los cambios climáticos producto de fenómenos atmosféricos de orden regional y global; sin embargo, no siempre se cuenta con evidencia relacionada a ellos. Esta comprobación científica es necesaria para visualizar la dimensión de su efecto y para sentar las bases de manejo y conservación de los servicios ecosistémicos que sustentan el estilo de vida moderno. En este trabajo, se ha hecho un análisis de series de tiempo del registro mensual de precipitación de la Zona Protectora Monte Alto en Hojancha, Costa Rica, para el periodo entre mayo 2013 y noviembre 2022. Se ha descubierto que una disrupción del patrón temporal de precipitación durante la temporada lluviosa del año 2017 tomó alrededor de dos años para regresar a lo observado en el año 2013. Tal disrupción estuvo directamente vinculada con un periodo frío del fenómeno ENSO, conocido coloquialmente como “La Niña” y fue seguida por otra disrupción similar, cuyo efecto continuó hasta finales del 2022. Los datos acá presentados sugieren que el fenómeno ENSO tiene un efecto directo sobre la precipitación de la Zona Protectora Monte Alto, cuya función original en el contexto local es la de proveer agua potable a las comunidades aledañas. Las oscilaciones con variabilidad extrema en el ciclo hidrológico, aparentemente más frecuentes en los últimos años en el contexto local de este análisis, tienen un efecto real sobre la calidad de vida de las poblaciones afectadas y merecen seguir siendo documentadas y cuantificadas para incrementar la resiliencia por adaptación de las sociedades afectadas.

ABSTRACT Background: Liver surgery has evolved over time. There are no prior publications on the experience of liver surgery in the province of Corrientes. Our work group operates in both the public and private sectors. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the initial results of a consecutive series of patients undergoing different types of liver resections, performed by the same surgical team. Material and methods: We conducted a retrospective, observational, and descriptive study based on data from the medical records and operating room records of patients undergoing liver resection at public and private institutions from September 2019 to January 2023. Results: A total of 27 patients were operated on; mean age was 53 years (25-72) and 16 were women. We used the conventional approach in 25 cases and laparoscopy in 2. Four procedures were major liver resections and 23 were minor liver resections, The diagnoses were cancer in 22 cases and benign conditions in 5. Survival at 90 days was 96.2% One patient died (3.7%). The complications included postoperative liver abscesses in 2 patients (7.4%) and re-operation due to bleeding in 2 patients (7.4%), who had a subsequent favorable course and were discharged from the hospital. Conclusion: The morbidity and mortality in the described series were similar to those reported by other authors.

RESUMEN Antecedentes: la cirugía hepática ha evolucionado con el correr del tiempo. No existe bibliografía publicada sobre experiencia previa de hepatectomía en Corrientes. Nuestro grupo de trabajo se desenvuelve en el ámbito público y privado. Objetivo: describir los resultados iniciales de una serie consecutiva de pacientes con hepatectomías de distinta extensión, por el mismo equipo quirúrgico. Material y métodos: trabajo retrospectivo, observacional, descriptivo, sobre datos de las historias clínicas y libros de quirófano de pacientes con hepatectomías realizadas entre septiembre de 2019 y enero de 2023, en la práctica pública y privada. Resultados: fueron intervenidos 27 pacientes, con media de edad 53 años (25-72); 16 eran mujeres. El abordaje fue convencional en 25 casos y laparoscópico en 2. Se realizaron 4 hepatectomías mayores y 23 menores. Los diagnósticos fueron de patología maligna en 22 oportunidades y benigna en 5. La sobrevida a los 90 días fue de 96,2%. La mortalidad fue de 1 paciente (3,7%). Con respecto a las complicaciones, 2 pacientes (7,4%) presentaron abscesos hepáticos en el posoperatorio, 2 pacientes (7,4%) requirieron reintervención quirúrgica por sangrado, con buena evolución posterior y alta hospitalaria. Conclusión: la morbimortalidad en la serie descripta estuvo en relación con lo comunicado por otros autores.