RESUMEN Introducción. Las escuelas de medicina han implementado estrategias curriculares para formar competencias en investigación, sin embargo, en Latinoamérica pocos estudios han evaluado dichas estrategias. Objetivo. Describir la satisfacción y las percepciones de los estudiantes de medicina en una universidad privada en Lima, Perú, que reciben una estrategia curricular de formación de competencias en investigación. Métodos. Realizamos un estudio transversal con un cuestionario virtual autoadministrado. Las asignaturas forman parte de dos componentes: la enseñanza orientada a la investigación y la enseñanza basada en la investigación. La satisfacción fue medida con una escala de 10 puntos y las percepciones con escala de Likert. Medimos los puntajes de la sumatoria de los ítems y los comparamos entre años de estudio. Resultados. Incluimos 273 estudiantes. Para el componente orientado, la mediana de satisfacción general fue 7 en las primeras 2 asignaturas y 8 en las 3 últimas. La satisfacción general en las asignaturas del componente basado en investigación varió de 5 para clínica médica I a 9 para parasitología. En el componente orientado a la investigación hubo tendencia al incremento en el puntaje de percepciones (más favorables) a mayor año de estudio (K = 14,3; p = 0,007). En el componente basado en investigación, la asignatura de epidemiología tuvo una mayor mediana de puntaje, mientras que entre tesis I y II no hubo diferencias. Conclusiones. En las asignaturas teóricas la satisfacción y percepción mejoran a mayor año académico, sin embargo, en asignaturas que desarrollan un producto de investigación la reacción en el estudiante fue heterogénea.

ABSTRACT Introduction. Medical schools have implemented curricular strategies to develop research competencies. In Latin America, few studies have evaluated the acquisition of research skills within a curricular framework. Objective. To describe the satisfaction and perceptions of medical students at a private university in Lima, Peru, who are undergoing a curricular strategy focused on developing research competencies. Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional study using a self-administered online questionnaire. The strategy includes two components: research-oriented teaching and research-based teaching. The satisfaction was measured using a 10-point scale, and perceptions were evaluated using a Likert Scale. We measured the final scores of the items and compared them. Results. We included 273 students. For the research-oriented component, the median overall satisfaction was 7 in the first two courses and 8 in the last three. Overall satisfaction in the research-based courses ranged from 5 for clinical medicine to 9 for parasitology. There was a trend of higher perception scores (more favorable) with higher academic years (K = 14,3; p = 0,007) in the research-oriented component. In the research-based component, the epidemiology course had the highest median score, while no differences were found between Thesis I and II. Conclusions. In theoretical courses, satisfaction and perception improve with higher academic years. However, in courses that develop a research product, students’ reactions were heterogeneous.

ABSTRACT In the 21st century, reading comprehension skills are fundamental for the integral development of students. This implies that teachers must model, guide and generate didactic experiences oriented towards critical analysis. The purpose of this article is to verify the impact that the conceptions about reading comprehension have on teachers' practice, affecting students' achievement. The research adopts a mixed approach; from the qualitative perspective, documentary analysis and semi-structured interviews are used to explore the conceptions and teaching practices. Quantitatively, the reading comprehension dimensions of the evaluation instrument applied (N=120) were established, whose reliability index was .907 with respect to internal consistency through Cronbach's Alpha coefficient. Likewise, descriptive statistics were used through measures of central tendency and dispersion. The type of analysis corresponds to that of relative frequency by factor applying the Kolgomorov-Smirnof index (p=0.001<<0.05) and Spearman's correlation statistical test. Regarding the application of the evaluation instrument, it is evident that during the period 2020-2021, the level of achievement of higher order skills varied between 55% and 62%, showing a drop to 50% with the curricular prioritization. The results show that there is a flexibility during the pandemic period and a curricular adjustment that allows guiding the pedagogical practice. However, in the health context, there were interference factors that hindered the reading comprehension process.

RESUMEN En el siglo XXI, las habilidades en comprensión lectora son fundamentales para el desarrollo integral del estudiantado. Ello implica que los docentes deben modelar, guiar y generar experiencias didácticas orientadas hacia el análisis crítico. Este artículo tiene como propósito constatar el impacto que tiene en la práctica docente las concepciones acerca de la comprensión lectora incidiendo en el logro del estudiantado. La investigación adopta un enfoque mixto; desde la perspectiva cualitativa, se emplea el análisis documental y entrevista semiestructurada para explorar las concepciones y prácticas docentes. Por su parte, desde lo cuantitativo, se establecen las dimensiones de comprensión lectora del instrumento evaluativo aplicado (N=120), cuyo índice de fiabilidad fue de .907 respecto de la consistencia interna mediante el coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach. Asimismo, se recurre a la estadística descriptiva a través de medidas de tendencia central y dispersión. La tipología de análisis corresponde al de frecuencia relativa por factor aplicando el índice de Kolgomorov-Smirnof (p=0,001< 0,05) y la prueba estadística de correlación de Spearman. Respecto de la aplicación del instrumento de evaluación, se evidencia que durante el período 2020-2021, el nivel de logro de las habilidades de orden superior varió entre el 55% y el 62%, manifestando una baja al 50% con la priorización curricular. Los resultados arrojan que existe una flexibilización durante el periodo de pandemia y un ajuste curricular que permite orientar la práctica pedagógica. No obstante, en el contexto sanitario surgieron factores de interferencia que dificultaron el proceso de comprensión lectora.

RESUMEN Introducción. La escasez de investigación en la formación en Administración y Gestión en Salud (AyGS), junto con la necesidad de fortalecer los programas de residencia, fundamentó este estudio. Objetivo. Describir la oferta de vacantes y los planes curriculares del residentado en AyGS en Perú. Métodos. Estudio observacional, descriptivo y retrospectivo. Se revisó el número de plazas ofertadas y adjudicadas entre 2013 y 2022 en la web del Consejo Nacional de Residentado Médico (CONAREME). Además, se analizaron los planes curriculares actualizados al 2022, identificando los logros mínimos por año académico y comparándolos con los estándares aprobados por CONAREME. Resultados. Entre 2013 y 2022, se identificaron nueve universidades que ofrecieron el programa de residentado en AyGS, seis de ellas ubicadas en Lima. La adjudicación de plazas libres mostró una tendencia mayor, alcanzando el 100% en cuatro de los diez años analizados, mientras que el porcentaje máximo de adjudicación para plazas cautivas fue de 78%. En cuanto a los planes curriculares, seis de los ocho disponibles en 2022 incluían información sobre logros mínimos, y describieron los cursos que deben llevar los residentes. Conclusión. No se observaron cambios en el número total de vacantes ofertadas para el programa en AyGS. Tres universidades en Lima concentran más del 50% de la oferta del programa. Los planes curriculares muestran similitudes entre las universidades que lo ofrecen.

ABSTRACT Introduction. The lack of research in Health Administration and Management (AyGS) training, along with the need to improve residency programs, motivated this study. Objective. We described the availability of offered positions and curriculum plans for AyGS residency programs in Peru. Methods. Descriptive observational study. We reviewed the number of positions offered and awarded between 2013 and 2022 on the National Medical Residency Council (CONAREME) website. Additionally, we analyzed curriculum plans updated to 2022, identifying minimum achievements per academic year and comparing them with CONAREME standards. Results. Between 2013 and 2022, nine universities offered the AyGS residency program, with six located in Lima. The allocation of open vacancies showed a higher trend, reaching 100% in four of the ten years analyzed, while the highest allocation percentage for captive positions was 78%. Regarding the curriculum plans, six of the eight available in 2022 provided information on minimum achievements and described the courses that residents must take. Conclusion. There were no changes in the total number of positions offered for the AyGS program. Three universities in Lima concentrate more than 50% of the program offerings. The curriculum plans show similarities across the universities offering the program.

RESUMEN El estudio abordó la percepción de los profesores sobre la inclusión de la educación sexual en la primera infancia. Se aplicó un enfoque cualitativo utilizando entrevistas individuales a 12 educadores de nivel básico primaria. Los resultados revelaron una tendencia mayoritaria entre los profesores hacia la importancia de abordar la sexualidad desde edades tempranas, aunque se identificaron inconformidades en cuanto a quién debería abordar estas conversaciones y cómo hacerlo. Los hallazgos sugieren que la implementación de programas de educación sexual requiere fomentar la autonomía y prevenir situaciones de vulnerabilidad en el infante. Se plantea la posibilidad de talleres dirigidos por expertos como una alternativa viable para complementar la formación escolar, lo que podrían proporcionar un espacio seguro y enriquecedor donde los niños puedan hacer preguntas y recibir orientación con base a su nivel de comprensión. Finalmente, en estudios futuros, profundizar en la propuesta curricular de los libros de texto planteados en la Nueva Escuela Mexicana, así como en los materiales educativos.

ABSTRACT The study addressed teachers' perceptions of the inclusion of sexuality education in early childhood. A qualitative approach was applied using individual interviews with 12 primary school educators. The results revealed a majority trend among teachers towards the importance of addressing sexuality from an early age, although disagreements were identified regarding who should address these conversations and how to do it. The findings suggest that the implementation of sexual education programs requires promoting autonomy and preventing situations of vulnerability in the infant. The possibility of workshops led by experts is proposed as a viable alternative to complement school training, which could provide a safe and enriching space where children can ask questions and receive guidance based on their level of understanding. Finally, in future studies, delve into the curricular proposal of the textbooks proposed in the New Mexican School, as well as the educational materials.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The global increase in unhealthy eating is closely linked to a downward trend in food preparation at home. There are studies showing a positive association between increased cooking skills and reduced cardiovascular risk. In addition, the little time devoted to nutrition education in the curriculum of medical schools contrasts with the high mortality rates attributable to poor diet. Culinary Medicine (CM) is an emerging field of Medicine, which brings a new educational approach, based on scientific evidence, whose objective is to teach the power that food has on health and to improve the eating behaviors of healthcare professionals and, consequently, of their patients. Experience report: An elective discipline of CM was developed at Unifesp, which resulted in a descriptive study with a qualitative approach, carried out with 18 students who participated in weekly meetings during 5 weeks of training. The meetings were carried out 100% online, through the Zoom platform. Data from this study were collected through portfolios, in which each student described their experience with the course. The analysis of the material was carried out through thematic analysis. A questionnaire was applied to evaluate the Culinary Skills Index developed and validated according to self-efficacy in the performance of culinary skills and having as theoretical reference the Dietary Guideline for the Brazilian Population. Discussion: There are numerous challenges such as the physicians’ awareness about the importance of this approach, which often seems to be more practical than technical, and the subjectivity of the topic on changing the behavior of physicians and patients. However, the results of this study show that the students who took the elective course believe that this curricular reformulation is extremely important and urgent. Conclusion: There is a worldwide transformation trend in the curriculum of healthcare professionals, and it is believed that this process can be initiated in medical schools through elective courses in Culinary Medicine, such as the one implemented at Unifesp.

RESUMO Introdução: O aumento global da alimentação não saudável está intimamente ligado a uma tendência de redução na preparação da comida feita em casa. Já existem estudos que mostram uma associação positiva entre o aumento das habilidades culinárias e a redução de risco cardiovascular. Somado a isso, o baixo tempo destinado à educação nutricional no currículo das faculdades de Medicina contrasta com as altas taxas de mortalidade atribuíveis à má alimentação. A medicina culinária (MC) é um campo emergente da medicina, que traz uma nova abordagem educacional, baseada em evidências científicas, cujo objetivo é ensinar o poder que a comida tem sobre a saúde e melhorar os comportamentos alimentares dos profissionais de saúde e, consequentemente, de seus pacientes. Relato da experiência: Desenvolveu-se uma disciplina eletiva de MC na Escola Paulista de Medicina da Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp) que resultou em um relato de experiência, com abordagem qualitativa, realizado com 18 alunos que participaram de encontros semanais durante cinco semanas de forma 100% online, por meio da plataforma Zoom. Os dados deste estudo foram coletados por meio de portfólios, em que cada estudante descreveu sua experiência com o curso. A avaliação do material foi feita por meio de análise temática. Aplicou-se um questionário que avaliou o Índice de Habilidades Culinárias, desenvolvido e validado segundo a autoeficácia no desempenho das habilidades culinárias e tendo como referencial teórico o Guia alimentar para a população brasileira. Discussão: Existem inúmeros desafios, como a conscientização dos médicos sobre a importância desse assunto, que muitas vezes parece ser mais prático do que técnico, e a subjetividade do tema sobre mudança de comportamento de médicos e pacientes. No entanto, os resultados deste estudo evidenciam que os alunos que realizaram a eletiva acreditam que essa reformulação curricular é extremamente importante e urgente. Conclusão: Observa-se uma tendência mundial de transformação da grade curricular dos profissionais da saúde, e acredita-se que esse processo pode ser iniciado nas faculdades de Medicina por meio de disciplinas eletivas de MC como a que foi implementada na Escola Paulista de Medicina da Unifesp.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The implementation of the National Policy for Comprehensive Health for Lesbians, Gays, Bisexuals, Transvestites and Transsexuals (PNSI-LGBTT) in 2011, together with other legal frameworks, highlights the importance of including Gender Identity and Sexual Orientation in health training. In this context, the present study aims to demonstrate the presence of sexual and gender diversity in the National Curricular Guidelines (DCN) of undergraduate health courses. Method: Data collection was carried out through publicly accessible documents available on the MEC website. Twenty-two DCNs established in the last two decades were assessed, focusing on records of Human Rights, Gender Identity and Sexual Orientation. Results: There has been a progressive increase in the inclusion of sexual minorities in the DCNs over the last two decades, especially in the last ten years. A notable growth in records of Human Rights, Gender Identity and Sexual Orientation stands out, reflecting a significant change in the panorama of curricular guidelines. Discussion: The results show a positive trend towards the inclusion of topics related to sexual and gender diversity in the DCNs in the health area. This advance suggests greater awareness and recognition of the importance of inclusive training for health professionals, promoting equity and social justice.

RESUMO Introdução: A implementação da Política Nacional de Saúde Integral de Lésbicas, Gays, Bissexuais, Travestis e Transexuais (PNSI-LGBTT) em 2011 e de outros marcos legais destaca a importância da inclusão da identidade de gênero e da orientação sexual na formação em saúde. Objetivo: Nesse contexto, o presente estudo tem como objetivo apresentar a presença da diversidade sexual e de gênero nas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais (DCN) dos cursos de graduação em saúde. Método: A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de documentos de acesso público disponíveis no site do MEC. Examinaram-se 22 DCN estabelecidas nas últimas duas décadas, com foco nos registros de direitos humanos, identidade de gênero e orientação sexual. Resultado: Houve um aumento progressivo na inclusão das minorias sexuais nas DCN ao longo das duas últimas décadas, sobretudo nos últimos dez anos. Destaca-se um notável crescimento nos registros de direitos humanos, identidade de gênero e orientação sexual, refletindo uma mudança significativa no panorama das DCN. Conclusão: Os resultados evidenciam uma tendência positiva de inclusão de temas relacionados à diversidade sexual e de gênero nas DCN da área da saúde. Esse avanço sugere maior conscientização e reconhecimento da importância de uma formação inclusiva para profissionais de saúde, promovendo a equidade e a justiça social.

RESUMEN La gestión y administración del proceso de formación se concibe como un sistema de influencias conscientes de los agentes participantes en los contextos de actuación y en los niveles de dirección de las actividades relacionadas con el proceso formativo. Se desarrolló un proceso investigativo con el objetivo de describir las percepciones de los estudiantes que se forman como docentes en la Facultad de Ciencias Matemáticas y Físicas de la Universidad de Guayaquil, respecto a la gestión y administración de su formación docente a través de procesos estandarizados con el apoyo de plataformas. Las valoraciones de los estudiantes respecto al cumplimiento de los subprocesos asociados con la gestión de la formación docente evidencia criterios favorables respecto al diseño curricular y la necesidad de perfeccionar el seguimiento y evaluación de resultados. La coordinación de recursos y la organización de actividades, como subprocesos inherentes requieren una reconfiguración inmediata sustentada en las potencialidades inherentes al seguimiento de horarios y la gestión de la logística, de acuerdo con los criterios mayoritarios de los estudiantes encuestados. El monitoreo del empleo de plataformas y tecnologías educativas en el proceso de formación docente evidencia la obtención de valoraciones generalmente satisfactorias de los estudiantes en los indicadores: mejora de la calidad educativa, acceso a recursos digitales, y desarrollo profesional continuo; así mismo se identificaron criterios con tendencia a valoraciones de media y baja en los indicadores: estandarización de prácticas, comunicación efectiva, aprendizaje colaborativo y seguimiento personalizado a estudiantes.

ABSTRACT The management and administration of the training process is conceived as a system of conscious influences of the participating agents in the contexts of action and in the levels of direction of the activities related to the training process. A research process was developed with the aim of describing the perceptions of students who are training as teachers in the Faculty of Mathematical and Physical Sciences at the University of Guayaquil, regarding the management and administration of their teacher training through standardized processes with the support of platforms. The students' evaluations regarding the fulfilment of the sub-processes associated with the management of teacher training show favorable criteria with respect to the curricular design and the need to improve the monitoring and evaluation of results. The coordination of resources and the organization of activities, as inherent sub-processes, require immediate reconfiguration based on the inherent potential of timetable tracking and logistics management, according to the majority criteria of the students surveyed. The monitoring of the use of educational platforms and technologies in the teacher training process shows that students' ratings are generally satisfactory in the following indicators: improvement of educational quality, access to digital resources, and continuous professional development; likewise, criteria with a tendency towards medium and low ratings were identified in the following indicators: standardization of practices, effective communication, collaborative learning and personalized student follow-up.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar oportunidades y situaciones problemáticas para la adopción del paradigma actual de caries dental, desde las reflexiones de docentes, acerca de aspectos curriculares y de los planes de estudio de los programas de odontología pertenecientes a la Asociación Colombiana de Facultades de Odontología. Metodología: Construcción participativa (n=44 docentes). Se realizaron grupos de discusión y entrevistas semiestructuradas con profesores del área de cariología e integrantes del comité de currículo, para acercarse al contenido de los planes de estudio, entendidos como expresión de la orientación curricular. Resultados: Se consideraron para el análisis 2 categorías: la primera, relacionada con las oportunidades identificando una tendencia que mostró la presencia de la temática de caries dental a lo largo de todo el plan de estudios. En la segunda se identificaron 4 tendencias relacionadas con situaciones problemáticas, y una de ellas reportó que la enseñanza de la caries dental continúa anclada en el enfoque de riesgo, con un escaso acercamiento a la dimensión social de la enfermedad, la otra planteó que en los aspectos teóricos hay una aproximación al paradigma actual, pero en la clínica predomina la concepción tradicional de la enfermedad; y el énfasis restaurativo. La tercera tendencia deja ver que se relacionan las teorías actuales de cariología con la adopción de algunos criterios diagnósticos. Por último, un manejo predominante respecto al paradigma actual de caries por parte de los Odontopediatras. Conclusión: Persisten concepciones reduccionistas de salud y de educación en los enfoques curriculares, que se reflejan en planes de estudio fragmentarios, poco posibilitadores de la incorporación del paradigma actual de caries dental.

ABSTRACT The Global Alliance-for-a-Cavity-Free-Future Colombian Chapter has embraced since 2010 to achieve by 2015 a national-wide cariology-teaching consensus on the new- caries paradigm as a disease continuum, with a series of stages from early to cavitated lesions. Aim: To analyse the opportunities and problematic situations around dental education in the new-caries paradigm from the curriculum perspective in the Colombian Dental Schools Association. Methodology: Two teachers from each school (n=23) were invited to participate: the responsible of most-caries teaching and the representative of curricular design (n=46). Discussion groups were conducted to analyse within the curriculum, facilitanting or limiting aspects, the new-caries paradigm incorporation process. These were complemented with a caries-management-guideline questionnaire answered by each school. Results: 44 teachers of 22 schools participated. Within the opportunity category, a relevant trend was found related with the presence of cariology as a transversal axis of the curriculum. In the problematic situations category, four trends were observed: 1. Cariology teaching continues being linked to the risk approach, without embracing the social dimension of the patology; 2. In the theoretical aspects related with cariology, there is an approximation to the new paradigm, but in the clinical practice the traditional patology conception and the restorative emphasis predominate; 3. The current evidence of cariology is related to the adoption of the diagnostic criteria; and 4. There is a predominant caries-new paradigm management within the paediatric dentists. Conclusion: Caries cirricula delivered in University dental schools in Colombia are fragmented and require the incorporation of the new caries paradigm.

Resumen Introducción: La lectura de artículos originales es fundamental en ciencia. Las escuelas de Medicina han formulado estrategias para formar competencias en investigación, incluyendo la búsqueda de literatura y lectura crítica. Objetivo: Describir las tendencias en las percepciones sobre la literatura científica y la lectura de artículos científicos; y evaluar la asociación entre el número de artículos originales leídos y las percepciones sobre la literatura científica en estudiantes de Medicina Humana expuestos a una estrategia curricular para formar competencias en investigación. Método: Estudio transversal en una universidad privada del Perú. Se aplicó un cuestionario virtual autoadministrado que evaluó las percepciones sobre literatura científica (ocho ítems), motivaciones para leer artículos originales (cinco ítems), importancia (siete ítems) y facilidad de leer (siete ítems) las secciones del artículo original, finalmente se preguntó por el número de artículo originales leídos por semana. Se evaluó la tendencia de los ítems en los años de estudio con un ji cuadrado de tendencia. Se evaluó la asociación entre el número de artículos originales leídos y percepciones sobre la literatura científica mediante una regresión logística binaria. Resultados: Participaron 227 estudiantes, se encontró una tendencia lineal de 43.5% a 72.7% entre el segundo y sexto año de estudio para “sé como encontrar artículos científicos en un determinado tema”, se encontró una tendencia similar de 37.7% a 77.3% para “sé como identificar artículos científicos relevantes para el problema que estoy investigando”. El número de artículos leídos por mes incrementó la percepción de confianza respecto a algunas habilidades con la literatura científica. Conclusiones: Los estudiantes de Medicina presentaron una tendencia creciente en su percepción de capacidad para encontrar artículos científicos e identificar aquellos relevantes para su investigación. En el contexto de una estrategia curricular para formar capacidades investigativas, a mayor cantidad de artículos leídos, mejor la percepción de confianza para abordar la literatura científica.

Abstract Introduction: Reading original papers is fundamental in science. Medical schools have formulated strategies to improve competencies in research, including literature search and critical reading. Objective: To describe trends in perceptions about scientific literature and the reading of scientific papers, and to evaluate the association between the number of original papers read and perceptions about the scientific literature in human medicine students exposed to a curricular strategy to improve research competencies. Method: A cross-sectional study at a private university in Peru. A self-administered virtual questionnaire was applied, this evaluated the perceptions about scientific literature (eight items), motivations to read original papers (five items), importance (seven items), and ease to read (seven items) the sections of the original paper, finally asked for the number of original papers read per week. The trend of the items in the years of study was evaluated with a chi-square for trend. The association between the number of original articles read and perceptions about the scientific literature were evaluated using binary logistic regression. Results: 227 students participated, an increasing linear trend of 43.5% to 72.7% was found between the second and sixth year of study to the statement “know how to find scientific articles on a certain topic”, a similar trend was also found from 37.7% to 77.3% for “I know how to identify scientific articles relevant to the problem I am investigating”. The number of articles readed per month increased the perception of confidence regarding some skills with the scientific literature. Conclusions: Medical students presented a growing trend in their perception of their ability to find scientific articles and identify those relevant to their research. In the context of a curricular strategy to build investigative skills, the more articles read, the better the perception of confidence in dealing with scientific literature.

Resumo No campo da educação, o exame dos documentos políticos orientadores de currículo está aberto a diferentes perspectivas analíticas e uma delas é a “teoria social do discurso” que se apoia na concepção tridimensional do discurso: texto, prática discursiva e prática social. Com base nessa teoria, empreendemos a análise da constituição discursiva da realidade na Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) considerando que a concepção de realidade coaduna para a justificação da política, como também para a construção de consensos em torno dela, visto que identifica os problemas a serem resolvidos pela educação, bem como, aponta as condições de atuação da escola no mundo para então delinear os encaminhamentos pedagógicos a serem assumidos pela escola. Além disso, a prática de constituição discursiva da realidade exerce força para impelir os sujeitos na realização do que é prescrito através do documento. Argumentamos que a construção discursiva da realidade na BNCC assume a concepção de realidade anistórica impulsionada pelo desenvolvimento científico-tecnológico que, por sua vez, demanda da educação o desenvolvimento de competências e habilidades que possibilitem a adaptação dos sujeitos no modo de produção capitalista. A análise realizada permite ainda indicar dimensões possíveis de serem exploradas a partir da “teoria social do discurso”, como a tendência de individualização do processo educativo. teoria discurso texto (BNCC política dela disso documento científicotecnológico científico tecnológico vez capitalista discurso, , educativo

Abstract In the field of education, the examination of political documents is open to different analytical perspectives including the one known as the Social Theory of Discourse, which is based on the three-dimensional conception of discourse: text, discursive practice and social practice. Based on this theory, we analyzed the discursive constitution of reality in the National Common Curricular Base (BNCC) of Brazil. On one hand, the conception of reality harmonizes with the justification of politics as well as contributes to building consensus around it by identifying the problems to be solved by education, and it also points out the conditions of the school’s performance in the world, so that it can outline the pedagogical guidelines to be assumed by the school. In addition, the practice of discursive constitution of reality exerts force to impel the subjects to carry out what is prescribed through the document. We argue that the discursive construction of reality in BNCC presupposes the perception of antihistorical reality, driven by scientific-technological development, which, in turn, demands from education the development of skills and abilities that enable the adaptation of subjects in the capitalist production. The analysis carried out also allows to indicate possible dimensions to be explored drawing from the Social Theory of Discourse, such as the tendency to individualize the educational process. Discourse threedimensional three dimensional discourse text theory (BNCC Brazil hand schools school s world addition document scientifictechnological scientific technological turn production process

ABSTRACT This article seeks to understand the possibilities of environmental training in schools located in the rural area of Simão Dias/SE, based on qualitative research that had as methodological support the Discourse Analysis focused on teachers’ speeches. Data interpretation was carried out under the aegis of epistemology related to critical environmental education and rural education. The results revealed that the naive conception of education and the reproductive tendency of the capitalist system’s ideals predominate through the equipping of the school and the curriculum to the dominant order in the training offered in the aforementioned locus, revealing the fragility of teacher education and the need for investment in this area educational. Furthermore, it also unveiled the alignment of Sergipe’s Curriculum and the Common National Curriculum Base with the interests of agribusiness and the invisibility of the history and struggles of rural subjects, highlighting the need to continue fighting for environmental education and training with a view to tackling socio-environmental problems.

RESUMO Este artigo busca compreender as possibilidades de formação ambiental em escolas situadas na zona rural de Simão Dias/SE a partir da realização de uma pesquisa qualitativa que teve como aporte metodológico a Análise do Discurso debruçada sobre discursos docentes. A interpretação dos dados foi feita sob a égide da epistemologia relacionada à Educação Ambiental crítica e à Educação do Campo. Os resultados desvelaram que predominam a concepção ingênua da educação e a tendência reprodutivista do ideário do sistema capitalista por meio do aparelhamento da escola e do currículo à ordem dominante na formação ofertada no locus supracitado, descortinando a fragilidade da formação docente e a necessidade de investimento nessa seara educacional. Ademais, revelaram também o alinhamento do Currículo de Sergipe e da Base Nacional Comum Curricular aos interesses do agronegócio e à invisibilização da história e das lutas dos sujeitos do campo, evidenciando a necessidade de se continuar lutando pela educação e formação ambiental com vistas ao enfrentamento à problemática socioambiental.

Resumo A interprofissionalidade foi tema central do nono edital do Programa de Educação pelo Trabalho para a Saúde. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a disponibilidade dos estudantes que participaram do programa para a aprendizagem interprofissional. A pesquisa, de abordagem quantitativa e de perspectiva descritivo-exploratória, coletou dados através da readiness for interprofessional learning scale, adaptada para o português do Brasil. Os resultados indicam que há disponibilidade para o trabalho em equipe e a colaboração. Também foram encontrados percentuais significativos relacionados à identidade profissional, o que indica disponibilidade para a aprendizagem interprofissional, embora aspectos relacionados à competição tenham aparecido através de percentuais menores de concordância em relação à aprendizagem compartilhada e interdependência das práticas profissionais. Para a atenção centrada no usuário também foram encontrados resultados que indicam boa disponibilidade entre os participantes; porém, aspectos relacionados à colaboração do usuário na produção dos serviços de saúde ainda expressam a tendência de uma lógica centrada nos profissionais. Conclui-se que há disponibilidade positiva para a educação interprofissional, que precisa ser cada vez mais estimulada nas políticas e estratégias de reformas curriculares.

Abstract Interprofessionality was the central theme of the ninth call for proposals of the Education by Working for Health Program. The objective of this study was to describe the readiness of students who participated in the program for interprofessional learning. The research, of a quantitative approach and descriptive-exploratory perspective, collected data by applying the readiness for interprofessional learning scale (RIPLS), adapted for Brazilian Portuguese. The results indicate an important readiness for teamwork and collaboration. Relevant percentages were also found regarding professional identity, indicating good readiness for interprofessional learning, although aspects related to competition appeared in lower percentages of agreement regarding shared learning and interdependence of professional practices. For user-centered care, results were also found indicating good readiness among participants; however, aspects related to the collaboration of the user in the production of health services still express the tendency of a professional-centered logic. In conclusion, there is a positive readiness for interprofessional education, which needs to be increasingly stimulated in policies and strategies of curricular reforms.

Abstract Interprofessionality was the central theme of the ninth call for proposals of the Education by Working for Health Program. The objective of this study was to describe the readiness of students who participated in the program for interprofessional learning. The research, of a quantitative approach and descriptive-exploratory perspective, collected data by applying the readiness for interprofessional learning scale (RIPLS), adapted for Brazilian Portuguese. The results indicate an important readiness for teamwork and collaboration. Relevant percentages were also found regarding professional identity, indicating good readiness for interprofessional learning, although aspects related to competition appeared in lower percentages of agreement regarding shared learning and interdependence of professional practices. For user-centered care, results were also found indicating good readiness among participants; however, aspects related to the collaboration of the user in the production of health services still express the tendency of a professional-centered logic. In conclusion, there is a positive readiness for interprofessional education, which needs to be increasingly stimulated in policies and strategies of curricular reforms.

Resumo A interprofissionalidade foi tema central do nono edital do Programa de Educação pelo Trabalho para a Saúde. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a disponibilidade dos estudantes que participaram do programa para a aprendizagem interprofissional. A pesquisa, de abordagem quantitativa e de perspectiva descritivo-exploratória, coletou dados através da readiness for interprofessional learning scale, adaptada para o português do Brasil. Os resultados indicam que há disponibilidade para o trabalho em equipe e a colaboração. Também foram encontrados percentuais significativos relacionados à identidade profissional, o que indica disponibilidade para a aprendizagem interprofissional, embora aspectos relacionados à competição tenham aparecido através de percentuais menores de concordância em relação à aprendizagem compartilhada e interdependência das práticas profissionais. Para a atenção centrada no usuário também foram encontrados resultados que indicam boa disponibilidade entre os participantes; porém, aspectos relacionados à colaboração do usuário na produção dos serviços de saúde ainda expressam a tendência de uma lógica centrada nos profissionais. Conclui-se que há disponibilidade positiva para a educação interprofissional, que precisa ser cada vez mais estimulada nas políticas e estratégias de reformas curriculares.

RESUMEN Objetivo: El artículo incursiona en la actualización de los currículos de carreras universitarias para la formación de docentes, un desafío ante las Metas Educativas 2030 y los Objetivos para el Desarrollo Sostenible. Por ello, se presenta un estudio comparado de carreras de educación de párvulos de Chile, configurado como estado del arte del proceso de diagnóstico de la actualización curricular que experimenta la Carrera Educación de Párvulos de la Universidad Católica de Temuco, Chile. Métodos: Se empleó una metodología cualitativa basada en los estudios comparados, que supuso la aplicación de criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Por ello se triangulan métodos del nivel teórico (analítico-sintético, inductivo-deductivo y tránsito de lo abstracto a lo concreto). Del nivel empírico se empleó como método esencial el análisis de documentos que priorizó el estudio de referentes investigativos y curriculares en acceso abierto de las siete carreras de la muestra. Del nivel estadístico se emplearon procedimientos basados en la construcción de tablas. Resultados: Se identificaron rasgos que tipifican los niveles de acreditación, los perfiles y objeto de la profesión, la definición de campos laborales, valores, el tratamiento de competencias, la tendencia a concebir menciones como recurso didáctico de especialización, la duración, el tipo de jornada, la modalidad formativa y la organización del itinerario formativo. Conclusiones: Finalmente, se obtienen inferencias en forma de acciones de mejora para la elaboración de un nuevo plan de estudio, priorizando la organización lógico-didáctica de cursos de formación pedagógica y el tratamiento de cursos integradores.

ABSTRACT Objective: The article ventures into the updating of university curricula for teacher training as a challenge in facing 2030 Educational Goals and the Sustainable Development Objectives. For this reason, a comparative study of early childhood education majors in Chile is presented together with a theoretical framework of the process of diagnosing the curricular updating experience of the Catholic University of Temuco Early Childhood Education major staff. Methods: A qualitative methodology based on the compared studies was used, which involved the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria. For this reason, methods of the theoretical level are triangulated (analytical-synthetic, inductive-deductive and transition from the abstract to the concrete). At the empirical level, the analysis of documents was used as an essential method that gives priority to the study of research and curricular references in open access of the seven majors of the sample. At the statistical level, procedures based on the construction of tables were used. Results: The main findings include a typology of the levels of accreditation, the profiles and object of the profession, the definition of labor fields, values, the approach to competencies, the tendency to conceive mentions as a specialization teaching resource, the duration, daily activity types, the training modality and the organization of the training itinerary. Conclusion: The authors arrived at the conclusion that several tasks for the elaboration of a new study plan are recommendable, giving priority to the logical-didactic organization of pedagogical training courses and the treatment of comprehensive courses.

Abstract This review was conducted to obtain data on the application of artificial intelligence in the Ecuadorian higher education system. The curricular integration projects, developed in three state higher education centers in Ecuador, were examined to extract information about the following topics: the detailed field of knowledge of the job that was performed; the detailed field of knowledge of the area of application of artificial intelligence; the applied technique; and the software used. It was concluded that: the fields of knowledge with the greatest publications are those related to electronics, mechatronics, and software technologies; the artificial intelligence field is very wide and does not show any specific trend; the most used techniques are machine learning and neural networks; and finally, the use of free and paid software is balanced without any of them predominating.

Resumen El objetivo principal de esta revisión fue obtener datos de aplicación de la inteligencia artificial en el Ecuador dentro del sector de la educación superior. Se examinaron los trabajos de integración curricular desarrollados en tres centros de educación superior estatales del Ecuador. Se extrajo de cada trabajo información sobre: campo detallado de conocimiento de la carrera que realizó el trabajo, campo detallado de conocimiento del área de aplicación de la inteligencia artificial, técnica aplicada y software utilizado. Se concluyó lo siguiente: los campos de conocimientos con mayores publicaciones son los relacionadas a la electrónica, mecatrónica y tecnologías de software, el campo de aplicación de la inteligencia artificial es muy variado sin mostrar alguna tendencia específica, las técnicas más utilizadas son machine learning y redes neuronales, finalmente el uso de software libre y de pago es balanceado sin que predomine alguno de ellos.