ABSTRACT: Titanium miniplates are temporary anchorage devices used in orthodontics, offering greater versatility and stability when compared to other alternatives. The variety of available miniplates makes it essential to understand their mechanical properties to determine the best therapeutic option and achieve higher success rates. The aim of this study is to assess the tensile strength, maximum force, and deformation of three commercially available miniplates in Chile, providing theoretical insights for clinical practice to facilitate the professional's selection of the appropriate device for each case. Three types of miniplates (Bone Plate, Osteomed, and Ancorfix) were undergone tensile testing until fracture to determine and compare tensile strength, maximum force, and deformation. Subsequently, statistical analysis was conducted using ANOVA and post hoc tests with Bonferroni correction. Significant differences were observed in tensile strength, maximum force, and deformation when comparing the miniplates. Osteomed exhibited the lowest values in maximum force and experienced less deformation before rupture, whereas the Bone Plate model demonstrated higher tensile strength, tolerating a higher force before fracture. There is a statistically significant difference in maximum force, tensile strength, and deformation among the three evaluated miniplates; however, all are compatible and safe for their use in orthodontics.

RESUMEN: Las miniplacas de titanio son un dispositivo de anclaje temporal utilizado en ortodoncia, estas presentan mayor versatilidad y estabilidad frente a otras alternativas. La variedad de miniplacas existentes, hace necesario conocer sus propiedades mecánicas para determinar la mejor alternativa terapéutica y lograr mayores tasas de éxito. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar la resistencia a la tracción, fuerza máxima y deformación de tres miniplacas comercializadas en Chile y así generar un insumo teórico a la práctica clínica que facilite al profesional la selección del dispositivo a utilizar. Se sometió a prueba de tracción a tres tipos de miniplacas (Bone Plate, Osteomed y Ancorfix) hasta el punto de fractura para determinar y comparar la resistencia a la tracción, fuerza máxima y deformación; posteriormente se realizó el análisis estadístico mediante test de ANOVA y post hoc con corrección de Bonferroni. Al comparar las miniplacas se obtuvieron diferencias significativas en su resistencia a la tracción, fuerza máxima, y deformación. Osteomed presentó los valores más bajos en fuerza máxima y resistencia a la tracción, experimentando además una menor deformación antes de su rotura, mientras que el modelo Bone Plate mostró mayor resistencia a la tracción, y capacidad de deformación antes de la rotura. Existe diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre fuerza máxima, resistencia a la tracción y deformación entre las tres miniplacas evaluadas, sin embargo, todas son compatibles y seguras para su uso en ortodoncia.

RESUMO Objetivos Analisar o impacto da Patologia Dual na capacidade de trabalho e verificar se existe relevância com o setor de atividade profissional. A Patologia Dual define-se pela coexistência de uma Adição e de outra patologia psiquiátrica. Metodologia Todos os pacientes internados para tratamento na Unidade de Tratamento para Álcool e Novas Dependências do Centro Hospitalar Psiquiátrico de Lisboa, durante seis meses, entre 1 de novembro de 2021 e 30 de abril de 2022, foram selecionados e avaliados quanto a características sociodemográficas e clínicas (idade, género, nível de educação, situação profissional e setor de atividade aquando da admissão, bem como diagnóstico principal à admissão e outras comorbilidades psiquiátricas). Realizada uma análise observacional retrospetiva focada na capacidade de trabalho dos doentes entre aqueles diagnosticados apenas com uma Adição (com ou sem uso de substância) e doentes com o diagnóstico de Patologia Dual. Resultados A amostra incluiu 78 pacientes com uma idade média de 51 anos. Destes, 31 foram diagnosticados com uma Adição e 47 com Patologia Dual. Apenas 27% dos pacientes estavam com uma situação profissional ativa aquando da admissão hospitalar, com 15% em situação de incapacidade temporária para o trabalho, 41% em situação de desemprego e 17% na reforma. As principais áreas de atividades presentes na amostra pertenciam a três setores, sendo que 29% dos pacientes trabalhava no setor da restauração, hotelaria, transportes e outros serviços de lazer, 19% no setor da construção e 17% no setor da saúde, educação e serviços sociais. As taxas de desemprego presentes entre pacientes diagnosticados com Adição foram semelhantes à dos pacientes diagnosticados com Patologia Dual. No entanto, 39% dos pacientes com Adição encontravam-se com uma situação profissional ativa, enquanto que apenas 19% dos diagnosticados com Patologia Dual estavam profissionalmente ativos. Observamos ainda que 34% dos pacientes com patologia dual trabalhavam no setor da restauração, hotelaria, transportes e outros serviços de lazer. Conclusões Os resultados demonstram que a Patologia Dual pode ter um impacto significativo na capacidade de trabalho da população e sugerem que existem diferenças importantes entre os setores de atividade profissional em pacientes com ou sem o diagnóstico de Patologia Dual, contudo, são necessários estudos mais alargados nesta área.

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the impact of Dual Diagnosis on patient’s work capacity and verify if the professional activity sector matters. Dual Diagnosis is defined by the coexistence of an Addiction and another psychiatric disorder. Methodology All patients admitted for inpatient treatment at Alcohol and New Addiction’s Treatment Unit from Lisbon’s Psychiatric Hospital Center, for six months, between 1st November 2021 and 30th April 2022, were selected and screened for sociodemographic and clinical characteristics (age, gender, education level, professional situation, and activity sector at admission as well as main admission diagnosis and other psychiatric comorbidities). Retrospective observative analysis focused on patient’s work capacity was conducted between patients who had been diagnosed with an Addiction Disorder and patients with Dual Diagnosis. Results Our sample had 78 patients and an average age of 51 years. From those, 31 had diagnosis of Addiction Disorder and 47 had Dual Diagnosis. Only 27% patients were still active at admission, with 15% being with temporary incapacity certificate, 41% being unemployed and 17% retired. A significant part of our sample worked in accommodation, transportation, and food services activities (29%), construction sector (19%) and in healthcare, education, and social work activities (17%). The unemployment rates between patients with an Addiction Disorder and Dual Diagnosis were similar. However, 39% of patients with an Addiction Disorder were active while only 19% with Dual Diagnosis were in the same state. Also of interest was that 34% of those with Dual Diagnosis worked in accommodation, transportation, and food services activities. Conclusions These results show that Dual Diagnosis may have a significant impact in the working capacity and suggest that there are important differences between professional activity sectors in patients with or without dual diagnosis.

ABSTRACT The Ministry of Public Health and Social Welfare began the vaccination plan against SARS COV 2, prioritizing in the first stage the most vulnerable groups, which corresponded, among others, to health personnel; In this sense, the Expanded Immunization Program (PAI) has begun the process of selection and training of nursing personnel in the technical and operational guidelines of the vaccination plan, information system and surveillance of events supposedly attributed to vaccination and immunization. Objective: Determine the incidence of adverse reactions to COVID 19 vaccines (CoronaVac®, Astrazeneca® and Covaxin®) in health personnel from the public and private sectors of the XIV Canindeyú Health Region. Methodology: Quantitative, descriptive cross-sectional study. Results: Among the most frequent mild effects were pain at the application site, being 63.6% for the Covaxin® vaccine and 62.8% for the Astrazeneca® vaccine. In relation to the general effects, dyspepsia was the most observed reaction (86.6% for the Covaxin® vaccine and 83.3% for the CoronaVac® vaccine), and lack of energy and motivation (Astrazeneca® vaccine with 34.9%). Discussion: The study clearly shows that there are differences in the observation of mild effects caused by different vaccines. On this occasion, three vaccines have been observed, highlighting that these mild effects are common, frequent and generally temporary in vaccines.

RESUMEN El Ministerio de Salud Pública y Bienestar Social inició con el plan de vacunación contra el SARS COV 2, priorizando en la primera etapa a los grupos de mayor vulnerabilidad, quienes correspondían entre otros al personal de salud; en ese sentido el Programa Ampliado de Inmunizaciones (PAI) ha iniciado con el proceso de selección y capacitación de los personales de enfermería en los lineamientos técnicos y operativos del plan de vacunación, sistema de información y de vigilancia de eventos supuestamente atribuidos a la vacunación e inmunización. Objetivo: Determinar la incidencia de reacciones adversas de las vacunas contra el COVID 19 (CoronaVac®, Astrazeneca® y Covaxin®) en personal de salud de los sectores públicos y privados de la XIV Región Sanitaria Canindeyú. Metodología: Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo de corte transversal. Resultados: Entre los efectos leves de mayor frecuencia fueron el dolor en el sitio de aplicación, siendo para la vacuna Covaxin® en un 63.6% y para la vacuna Astrazeneca® 62.8%. Con relación a los efectos generales la dispepsia fue la reacción más observada (86.6% para la vacuna Covaxin® y 83.3% para vacuna CoronaVac®), y falta de energía y motivación (vacuna Astrazeneca® con un 34.9%). Discusión: el estudio muestra claramente que existen diferencias en la observación de efectos leves provocados por diferentes vacunas. En esta oportunidad se han observado tres vacunas, resaltando que estos efectos leves son comunes, frecuentes y generalmente temporales en las vacunas.

Abstract This study analyzed the impact of leachate from a temporary landfill on soil microbial diversity in Tingo María, Huánuco region, Peru. Three treatments were used: untreated soil (S), addition of stream water (T0), leachate (T1), and leachate treated by coagulation and flocculation (T2), with 828.5 ml/week added in three weekly doses. Soil samples were collected from the Reserved Forest of the Universidad Nacional Agraria de la Selva. Twenty-one randomly distributed soil samples were taken and homogenized for analysis. Soil quality parameters measured included sand, clay, silt, texture, pH, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. As for microorganisms, viable aerobes, lactobacilli, actinomycetes, fungi, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and Escherichia coli were quantified using specific culture and counting methods for each of them. To evaluate the impact of the leachate on microbial diversity, equity indices (Shannon and inverse Simpson), dominance indices (complementary Simpson and Berger Parker) and the percentage composition of each microorganism per treatment were used. An ANOVA was performed to estimate differences in microbial diversity, with a Tukey test at a significance level of α = 0.05. The study showed that leachates affect soil microbial diversity, reducing equity and increasing the dominance of certain species such as E. coli. They also alter physicochemical parameters, decreasing organic matter and nitrogen but increasing other elements such as phosphorus and potassium. This could have implications for soil health and functionality.

RESUMEN Introducción: las quemaduras son lesiones traumáticas de variable extensión y profundidad que requieren de un tratamiento rápido y eficaz para minimizar sus secuelas. Los apósitos laminados de poliuretano podrían ser una alternativa terapéutica, pues permiten aislar, proteger y optimizar el proceso de cicatrización al brindar un ambiente óptimo necesario. Objetivo: evaluar la utilidad de la espuma de poliuretano laminado como cobertura temporal en pacientes con lesiones por quemaduras. Métodos: estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte longitudinal prospectivo en 60 pacientes con quemaduras dérmicas e hipodérmicas, seleccionados por un muestreo no probabilístico: 30 tratados con apósitos de poliuretano laminado (Grupo I) y 30 tratados con gasa en sulfadiazina de plata 1 % (Grupo II). Como variables dependientes se evaluaron el tiempo de epitelización, aparición de tejido de granulación útil, en las quemaduras hipodérmicas. Resultados: las variables demográficas y clínicas no mostraron diferencias significativas entre los grupos de estudio. Los pacientes expuestos al tratamiento con poliuretano laminado mostraron un menor tiempo de epitelización (Z=-2,94; p=0,0031) y más pronta formación de tejido de granulación (χ2=0,90; p=0,3427), que los tratados con sulfadiazina de plata. Se presentaron 42 complicaciones, 17 (40,5 %) en el grupo de poliuretano laminado y 25 (59,5 %) en el grupo con sulfadiazina de plata, y cuando se agrupan fueron inferiores en los pacientes del grupo I (χ2=4,73; p=0,0295). Conclusiones: la espuma de poliuretano laminado, como cobertura temporal para las quemaduras, fue útil pues disminuyó el tiempo de epitelización, de granulación y la aparición de complicaciones, respecto al grupo con sulfadiazina de plata.

ABSTRACT Introduction: burns are traumatic injuries of variable extension and depth that require prompt and effective treatment to minimize their sequelae. Polyurethane laminated dressings could be a therapeutic alternative, since they allow isolating, protecting, and optimizing the healing process by providing the necessary optimal environment. Objective: to assess the utility of laminated polyurethane foam as temporary coverage in patients with burn injuries. Patients and Methods: observational, descriptive, longitudinal prospective study in 60 patients with dermal and hypodermic burns selected by non-probabilistic sampling: 30 treated with laminated polyurethane dressings (Group I) and 30 treated with 1% silver sulfadiazine gauze (Group II). As dependent variables, epithelialization time, the appearance of useful granulation tissue in hypodermic burns. Results: the demographic and clinical variables did not show significant differences between the study groups. Patients exposed to treatment with laminated polyurethane showed shorter epithelialization time (Z=-2,94; p=0,0031) and more rapid formation of granulation tissue (χ2=0,90; p=0,3427), than those treated with silver sulfadiazine. There were 42 complications, 17 (40,5 %) in the laminated polyurethane group and 25 (59,5 %) in the silver sulfadiazine group, and when grouped together they were lower in group I patients (χ2=4,73, p=0,0295). Conclusions: laminated polyurethane foam, as a temporary cover for burns, was useful because it decreased epithelialization time, granulation time, and the appearance of complications, compared to the group with silver sulfadiazine.

Resumen La interpretación de las comunidades biológicas como sistemas complejos adaptativos, pretende evidenciar sus patrones ecológicos a diferentes escalas y sus relaciones ambientales. En este trabajo se analizaron los patrones de diversidad de especies y de los estados alternativos de la comunidad de aves en un agroecosistema andino ubicado en la vertiente centro-occidental de los Andes peruanos (Distrito de Cajatambo, Lima - Perú), a una escala temporal y espacio-temporal. Durante los años 2015 y 2016 se realizaron 24 transectos, ubicados en siete formaciones vegetales a lo largo de dos ecorregiones, entre 2 700 y 4 600 msnm, abarcando las épocas secas y lluviosas. Los patrones temporales no mostraron diferencias en la diversidad de especies entre las épocas. Se determinó la existencia de un solo estado alternativo temporal; sin embargo, se evidenciaron cambios en su composición de especies entre épocas lluviosas y secas, sugiriendo una mayor redundancia funcional en la época seca que la época lluviosa por la variabilidad temporal de granívoros-insectívoros pequeños. Con respecto a los patrones espacio-temporales, las formaciones vegetales de bosques de Polylepis (queñual), algunos matorrales y campos agrícolas presentaron altos valores de diversidad de especies. Además, se determinaron ocho estados alternativos asociados a una o más formaciones vegetales y a la estacionalidad. Finalmente, se evidenció una mayor proporción de cambios de regímenes de los estados alternativos comunitarios ubicados en la ecorregión Meso-Andina a diferencia de la ecorregión Puna-Húmeda, lo cual sugiere que estas comunidades de aves poseen una mayor autoorganización y adaptabilidad frente a la estocasticidad ambiental.

Abstract The interpretation of biological communities as complex adaptive systems aims to demonstrate their ecological patterns at different scales and their environmental relationships. In this survey, we analyzed species diversity and alternative stable states patterns of the bird community in an Andean agroecosystem located on the central-western slope of the Peruvian Andes (Cajatambo District, Lima - Peru), on a temporal and spatio-temporal scale. We evaluated their bird community through 24 line transects, located in seven plant formations along two ecoregions, between 2 700 and 4 600 masl, during the dry and rainy seasons of 2015 and 2016. The temporal patterns did not show differences in species diversity between seasons. We determined the existence of a single temporary alternative stable states; however, we evidenced changes in their species composition between dry and rainy seasons, suggesting a greater functional redundancy in dry season than rainy season due to temporal variability of small granivore-insectivore species. Regarding the spatio-temporal patterns, the plant formations of Polylepis forests, some scrubs and agricultural lands presented high values of species diversity. In addition, we determined eight alternative stable states in relation to one or more plant formations and seasonality. Finally, a higher proportion of regime changes was found in the community alternative stable states located in the Meso-Andean ecoregion as opposed to the Puna-Humid ecoregion, which would suggest that this bird community has a greater self-organization and adaptability in the face of environmental stochasticity.

ABSTRACT: In aquatic insects, body size and shape are key traits that may indicate phenotypic plasticity or adaptations to their hydrological landscape. Liodessus chilensis is a small and poorly-known aquatic beetle that inhabits permanent and temporary bodies of water. Accompanying the report of the species in different habitats of Navarino Island, an update of its description is presented. Additionally, body shape variation of different populations of L. chilensis is evaluated. Geometric morphometric analysis and multivariate regressions on the body shape of L. chilensis show variation mainly in the posterior part of the elytra and could indicate plasticity linked to the nature of the habitats in which they occur. The population of temporary pools presents shorter and broader elytra in their terminal part, while those that inhabit peat bogs and wetlands are longer and elongated. Additionally, an allometric effect was found, indicating that in addition to the differences in body shape, populations inhabiting temporary pools tend to be smaller in size. The plasticity of forms of L. chilensis as well as their permanent and temporary habitats can be considered as sentinels of environmental changes. These results are relevant for the Magallanes region, which has recently been declared prone to drought.

RESUMEN: En insectos acuáticos, el tamaño y la forma corporal son rasgos clave que pueden indicar plasticidad fenotípica o adaptaciones a su paisaje hidrológico. Liodessus chilensis es un pequeño y poco conocido coleóptero acuático que habita cuerpos de agua permanentes y temporales. Acompañando el reporte de la especie en diferentes hábitats de isla Navarino, se presenta una actualización de su descripción. Adicionalmente, se evalúa la variación de la forma corporal de poblaciones de L. chilensis. Los análisis de morfometría geométrica y regresiones multivariadas sobre la forma corporal de L. chilensis muestran variaciones en la parte posterior de los élitros y podrían indicar plasticidad respecto a la naturaleza de los hábitats en que ocurren. La población de charcos temporales presenta élitros más cortos y anchos en su parte terminal, mientras que aquellos que habitan turberas y humedales son más largos y elongados. Adicionalmente, se encontró un efecto alométrico, indicando que además de las diferencias de forma corporal, las poblaciones que habitan charcos temporales suelen ser más pequeñas. La plasticidad de formas de L. chilensis como sus hábitats, permanentes y temporales, pueden ser considerados como centinelas de cambios ambientales. Estos resultados cobran real importancia para la región de Magallanes que ha sido recientemente declarada como propensa a la sequía.

RESUMEN Durante el 2018 se evaluaron las concentraciones y distribución de dos indicadores de contaminación fecal en una playa recreacional localizada en el litoral atlántico de Argentina. Utilizando la técnica de membrana filtrante, se determinó la presencia de Escherichia coli y Enterococcus spp. en muestras de arena seca, sedimentos húmedos y agua de mar, mediante monitoreos periódicos considerando la abundancia de lluvia en días previos y valores de temperatura ambiente (máxima y mínima). Las muestras fueron analizadas según fecha de colecta (temporada estival; temporada invernal). Con el propósito de identificar la procedencia de los indicadores seleccionados se empleó la relación: E. coli / enterococos (EC/ENT). Los valores de concentración de ambos indicadores no evidenciaron diferencias significativas entre las temporadas como en los sitios de colecta, a excepción de E. coli, con mayor concentración en el agua durante el periodo estival. Por su parte, la máxima abundancia se identificó en los meses de verano y en los tres sitios muestreados. Por otra parte, el 58 % de las muestras analizadas superaron los límites admisibles. Al analizar la procedencia de la contaminación, se observó una composición de origen mixto (animal y antrópico) en ambas temporadas. Las colonias de EC y ENT persistieron a lo largo del año siendo la arena su mejor reservorio, mientras que los factores ambientales considerados no incidieron en la distribución de dichas bacterias. La prevalencia de sus unidades formadoras de colonias (UFC) por encima de lo recomendable y ocurridas en el periodo de uso intensivo, caracterizarían a este sector de riesgo sanitario durante la temporada evaluada.

ABSTRACT In 2018, the concentrations and distribution of two indicators of fecal contamination were evaluated on a recreational beach located on the Atlantic coast of Argentina. The presence of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. in samples of dry sand, wet sediments, and seawater was determined using the filter membrane technique by periodic monitoring considering the abundance of rain in previous days and ambient temperature values (maximum and minimum). Samples were analyzed according to the date of collection (summer season; winter season). In order to identify the origin of the selected indicators, the ratio E. coli /Enterococci (EC/ENT) was used. The concentration values of both indicators did not show significant differences between seasons and collection sites, with the exception of E. coli, with a higher concentration in the water during the summer period. In turn, the maximum abundance of both was identified in the summer months and in the three sites sampled. On the other hand, 58 % of the samples analyzed exceeded the admissible reference limits. When analyzing the origin of the contamination, a composition of mixed origin (animal and anthropic) was observed in both seasons. The colonies of EC and ENT persisted throughout the year, with sand being their best reservoir, while the environmental factors considered did not affect the distribution of these bacteria. The prevalence of their colony forming units (CFU), above the recommended levels and occurring in the intensive use period, would characterize this sector as a sanitary risk during the evaluated season.

RESUMO Amnésia global transitória (AGT) é uma alteração rara, temporária e de início súbito na memória episódica anterógrada, com uma fisiopatologia pouco clara. Análises volumétricas cerebrais anteriores em pacientes com AGT apresentaram resultados variados. Objetivo Explorar a morfometria cerebral, com a hipótese de que pacientes com AGT exibam alterações estruturais. Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo de caso-controle envolvendo indivíduos com AGT (n=50) e controles saudáveis (n=50). Os dois grupos foram submetidos a uma ressonância magnética ponderada em 3D-T1 em um scanner de 3T, e analisou-se a morfometria baseada em voxel (MBV), morfometria baseada em região (MBR) e morfometria baseada em superfície (MBS). Resultados: Após realizar as análises de MBV, MBR e MBS, não foram observadas diferenças consistentes e estatisticamente significativas após a aplicação de correções múltiplas. Conclusão: Apesar de estudos anteriores mostrarem alterações volumétricas em pacientes com AGT, os resultados deste estudo diferem disso. A discrepância pode ser atribuída ao tamanho da amostra e ao momento em que as ressonâncias foram realizadas. Embora os presentes achados não expliquem a fisiopatologia da AGT, eles apoiam a disfunção de rede como um possível mecanismo e descartam uma alteração estrutural como fator predisponente para AGT. (AGT rara anterógrada clara variados cerebral estruturais Métodos Realizouse Realizou se casocontrole caso controle n=50 n50 n 50 (n=50 n=50. . 3DT1 DT 3D T1 D T 3D-T 3T analisouse analisou MBV , (MBV) (MBR MBS. MBS (MBS) Resultados múltiplas Conclusão disso realizadas n=5 n5 5 (n=5 3DT (MBV (MBS n= (n= (n

ABSTRACT Transient global amnesia (TGA) is a rare, temporary, sudden-onset disturbance in anterograde episodic memory with unclear pathophysiology. Previous brain volumetric analysis in TGA patients showed varied results. Objective: To explore brain morphometry, hypothesizing that patients with TGA exhibit structural alterations. Methods: A case-control study was performed involving TGA subjects (n=50) and matched healthy controls (n=50). Both groups underwent a 3D-T1 weighted structural MRI on a 3T scanner, and voxel-based morphometry (VBM), region-based morphometry (RBM), and surface-based morphometry (SBM) were analyzed. Results: After performing the VBM, RBM, and SBM analyses, no consistent and statistically significant differences were found after applying multiple corrections. Conclusion: Despite previous studies showing volumetric changes in TGA patients, our results differ from this. The discrepancy could be due to sample size and timing of MRI scans. While our findings do not explain TGA pathophysiology, they support a network dysfunction as a possible mechanism and discards a structural alteration as a predisposing factor for TGA. (TGA rare temporary suddenonset sudden onset pathophysiology Objective alterations Methods casecontrol case control n=50 n50 n 50 (n=50 n=50. . 3DT1 DT 3D T1 D T 3D-T scanner voxelbased voxel based VBM , (VBM) regionbased region RBM (RBM) surfacebased surface (SBM analyzed Results analyses corrections Conclusion this scans n=5 n5 5 (n=5 3DT (VBM (RBM n= (n= (n

RESUMEN Introducción: Las piezas dentarias luego de tratamiento de endodoncia aumentan su susceptibilidad a la fractura, lo que está asociado, principalmente, con la pérdida de la estructura dental. Objetivo: Evaluar in vitro, la resistencia a la fractura de premolares superiores con tratamientos de endodoncia mediante acceso tradicional, conservador y conservador Ninja, con restauración provisoria y final. Métodos: Estudio prospectivo de diseño experimental longitudinal con 42 premolares superiores donados, separados en 3 grupos según el tipo de acceso de endodoncia a aplicarse y luego cada uno en dos subgrupos según el tipo de restauración, y un grupo control, al cual no se le realiza endodoncia. Luego de realizar el tratamiento y la restauración, se evaluó la resistencia a la fractura mediante carga compresiva oblicua (45°), en una máquina de carga universal. Las cargas requeridas para la fractura se registraron en newtons y fueron comparadas estadísticamente. Resultados: Las piezas tratadas mediante acceso conservador Ninja con restauración provisoria y final, requirieron una carga promedio para la fractura de 513,45 N y 638,13 N, respectivamente. Fuerzas significativamente mayores a las resistencias ofrecidas por los otros tratamientos con p < 0,05. Asimismo, no hubo diferencias significativas en las resistencias ofrecidas, entre los casos de acceso conservador y acceso tradicional, ni al comparar los tipos de restauración aplicados con p > 0,05. Conclusiones: En la endodoncia in vitro, el diseño del acceso a la cavidad, tipo conservador Ninja, afectó significativamente la resistencia a la fractura de los premolares superiores, adquiriendo un comportamiento biomecánico similar al de las piezas control.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Tooth pieces, after endodontic treatment, increase their susceptibility to fracture, a phenomenon mainly associated with loss of tooth structure. Objective: To evaluate, in vitro, the resistance to fracture of upper premolars with endodontic treatment by traditional, conservative and conservative ninja access, with temporary and final restoration. Methods: A prospective study of longitudinal experimental design was carried out with 42 donated upper premolars, separated into three groups, according to the type of endodontic access to be applied; in turn, each was then divided into two subgroups, according to the type of restoration, and a control group, not performed endodontic treatment. After treatment and restoration, fracture resistance was evaluated using oblique compressive loading (45°) in a universal loading machine. The loads required for fracture were recorded in newtons and statistically compared. Results: The parts treated by conservative ninja access with provisional and final restoration required an average fracture load of 513.45 N and 638.13 N, respectively; this forces were significantly higher than the resistance values offered by the other treatments, with p < 0.05. Likewise, there were no significant differences in the resistance values obtained between the cases of conservative access and traditional access, nor when comparing the types of applied restoration, with P<0.05. Conclusions: In in vitro endodontics, the design of the access to the cavity of conservative ninja type significantly affected the resistance to fracture of the upper premolars, acquiring a biomechanical behavior similar to that of the control pieces.

Abstract: this article aims to investigate the factors influencing the closure of informal businesses during the COVID-19 pandemic, with a specific focus on the differences between businesses led by women and men. The research employed a logistic regression approach and utilized the matching method to evaluate the pandemic’s impact. The study relied on a database created by the Development Policy Analysis Laboratory, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, which encompassed 923 informal businesses operating in diverse sectors in Dakar. The findings demonstrate that businesses managed by women experienced a more severe impact from the pandemic, leading to a higher likelihood of temporary closure. These results underscore the disproportionate effect of the crisis on women entrepreneurs within the informal sector and emphasize the necessity for tailored measures to support this vulnerable population during and after the pandemic. Such measures should address the unique challenges faced by women-led informal businesses and help foster their recovery and long-term sustainability.

Resumen: el objetivo de este artículo es examinar los factores determinantes del cierre de empresas informales durante la pandemia COVID-19, centrándose en las diferencias entre las empresas dirigidas por mujeres y las dirigidas por hombres. Para ello, se utilizó un enfoque de regresión logística, junto con el método de emparejamiento para evaluar el impacto de la pandemia. El estudio se fundamenta en una base de datos elaborada por el Laboratorio de Análisis de Políticas de Desarrollo, Universidad Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, que comprende 923 empresas informales de diversos sectores en Dakar. Los resultados revelan que los negocios manejados por mujeres se vieron más afectados por la pandemia, con una mayor probabilidad de cierre temporal. Estos resultados subrayan el impacto desproporcionado de la crisis sobre las mujeres empresarias del sector informal, y ponen de relieve la necesidad de medidas específicas para apoyar a esta población vulnerable durante y después de la pandemia.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate and measure the microleakage inhibiting quality of provisional restorations manufactured using computer-aided manufacturing, 3D printing, and chairside molded provisional restorative materials. Fifteen provisional restorations each from 3D printed, milled, and chairside molded were manufactured. All restorations were cemented onto sintered zirconia abutment dies and adhered with zinc-oxide non-eugenol temporary cement. Artificial aging was conducted by thermocycling for 800 cycles to simulate 1 month of clinical use. All specimens were submerged in 2% (w/w) methylene blue for 24 hours at 37°C, sectioned, and analyzed digitally for the distance of dye penetration through image analysis. The data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn-Bonferroni post-hoc. Significant differences in dye penetration depth were observed between all groups except milled vs chairside molded. Light microscopy revealed differences in mean cement thickness for 3D printed, milled, and chairside molded of 83.6 µm (1σ = 31.9 µm), 149.1 µm (1σ = 88.7 µm) and 137.9 µm (1σ = 67.2 µm) respectively. Conclusion: 3D printed provisional restorations were found to have the least amount of microleakage compared to milled and chairside molded provisional restorations.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar e medir a qualidade de inibição de microinfiltração de restaurações provisórias fabricadas usando manufatura assistida por computador, impressão 3D e materiais de restauração provisória moldados no consultório. Foram fabricadas 15 restaurações provisórias impressas em 3D, fresadas e moldadas em consultório. Todas as restaurações foram cimentadas em matrizes de pilar de zircônia sinterizada e aderidas com cimento temporário de óxido de zinco sem eugenol. O envelhecimento artificial foi conduzido por termociclagem por 800 ciclos para simular 1 mês de uso clínico. Todos os espécimes foram submersos em azul de metileno a 2% (p/p) por 24 horas a 37°C, seccionados e analisados digitalmente quanto à distância de penetração do corante por meio de análise de imagem. Os dados foram analisados usando o teste de Kruskal-Wallis com post-hoc de Dunn-Bonferroni. Foram observadas diferenças significativas na profundidade de penetração do corante entre todos os grupos, exceto entre fresado e moldado na cadeira. A microscopia óptica revelou diferenças na espessura média do cimento para as restaurações impressas em 3D, fresadas e moldadas em cadeira de 83,6 µm (1σ = 31,9 µm), 149,1 µm (1σ = 88,7 µm) e 137,9 µm (1σ = 67,2 µm), respectivamente. Conclusão: As restaurações provisórias impressas em 3D apresentaram a menor quantidade de microinfiltração em comparação com as restaurações provisórias fresadas e moldadas no consultório.

Abstract Objective: The scope of surgical resection for paratracheal (level VI) lymph nodes in patients with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (PTC) remains debatable. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of prophylactic ipsilateral Central Neck lymph node Dissection (CND) versus bilateral CND at the time of total thyroidectomy for Clinically Node-negative (cN0) unilateral PTC. Methods: A systematic retrieval of electronic databases, including Pubmed, Web of Science, and the China Journal Net, was conducted from January 1990 to September 2021. Outcome data of interest included transient hypoparathyroidism, permanent hypoparathyroidism, transient Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve (RLN) injury, permanent RLN injury and local recurrence. We constructed the summary Odds Ratios (ORs) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) for every study with either fixed or random effect models. Results: A full total of 1792 patients from 6 studies were enrolled. Our meta-analysis showed that transient hypoparathyroidism was significantly more frequent in bilateral CND group (OR = 0.58; 95% CI 0.44–0.76). The prevalence of permanent hypoparathyroidism was significantly higher in bilateral CND group patients compared to those in ipsilateral CND group (OR = 0.26; 95% CI 0.15–0.45). On the other hand, our meta-analysis indicated that there were no significant differences in the incidence of transient RLN injury, permanent RLN injury and local recurrence. Conclusions: Compared with bilateral CND, the rate of temporary and permanent hypoparathyroidism in ipsilateral CND is lower, but the local recurrence is similar. It may be presumptuous to suggest that ipsilateral CND is an adequate treatment for cN0 unilateral PTC.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Low back pain is a serious health problem, and in Spain it occupies first place as a cause of Temporary Disability (TD). Several studies have tried to answer the question of whether it is worthwhile to carry out more intensive interventions. The project aims to analyze the health care costs incurred, assessing the costs of TD when conservative treatment and surgical treatment are used. Material and methods: Prospective comparative study between patients with lumbar degenerative pathology treated surgically and conservatively. Age and sex, toxic habits, pharmacological treatment, work activity, affected segments, and the number of days on TI were recorded, with a follow-up of 3 years. Results: A total of 94 patients were included in the study (55 belonged to the control group and 39 to the arthrodesis group). Patients who underwent surgery had more days of TD and more TD costs (p=0.018). Comparing the costs of surgery for the arthrodesis group, we see that there are no differences between retired/permanently disabled patients. After three years of follow-up, 89.1% of the control group and 52.6% of the arthrodesis group were discharged. Conclusion: Transitional disability costs were higher in patients who underwent surgical treatment. Patients who were not discharged had higher TD costs. In patients who were discharged, there were no differences in costs, discounting the cost of the surgical process.

RESUMEN. Introducción: El dolor lumbar, constituye un grave problema de salud, en España ocupa el primer puesto como causa de Incapacidad Temporal (IT). Diversos estudios han intentado responder a la cuestión de si compensa realizar intervenciones más intensivas. El objetivo del proyecto es analizar el gasto sanitario ocasionado, valorando los costes de IT al emplear el tratamiento conservador y con tratamiento quirúrgico. Material y Métodos: Estudio prospectivo comparativo entre pacientes con patología degenerativa lumbar tratados quirúrgicamente, y de manera conservadora. Se recogieron la edad y sexo, hábitos tóxicos, tratamiento farmacológico, actividad laboral, los segmentos afectados, y el número de días en situación de IT, con un seguimiento de 3 años. Resultados: Un total de 94 pacientes fueron incluidos en el estudio (55 pertenecían al grupo control, y 39 al grupo artrodesis). Los pacientes que fueron operados llevaban más días de IT, y entrañaban más costes de IT (p=0,018). Comparando los costes de la intervención quirúrgica para el grupo artrodesis vemos que no existen diferencias entre los pacientes jubilados/ en situación de incapacidad permanente. Después de tres años de seguimiento, el 89,1% del grupo control y el 52,6% del grupo artrodesis recibieron el alta. Conclusión: Los costes de incapacidad transitoria fueron mayores en los pacientes sometidos a tratamiento quirúrgico. Los pacientes que no recibieron el alta supusieron mayores costes de IT. En los pacientes que recibieron el alta no hubo diferencias en los costes, descontando el coste del proceso quirúrgico.

Abstract Introduction: Noise-induced hearing loss is one of the most common forms of sensorineural hearing loss. Nevertheless, the mechanisms of noise-induced hearing loss are still not fully understood. Objective: To investigate the dynamics of inflammatory responses in the mammalian cochlea following noise trauma at two different times, once during the light cycle and once during the dark. Methods: We challenged C57BL/6J mice with moderate, continuous noise trauma at either 9 a.m. or 9 p.m. Auditory function, histological changes in hair cells, and modifications in gene expression levels of inflammatory mediators were assessed at specific time points. Shifts in auditory brainstem response thresholds were measured at 1, 3, 7 and 14 days after noise exposure to measure potential noise-induced hearing loss. Cochlear basilar-membrane immunofluorescent staining was performed at 3 and 14 days after noise exposure. The mRNA levels of several inflammatory mediators were measured via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction before (pre) and after (0, 3, 12, 24 and 72 h) noise exposure. Results: We found that all noise-exposed mice developed a temporary threshold shift and that there were no significant differences between daytime and nighttime noise exposures in terms of inducing hearing-threshold shifts. Similarly, we did not detect significant histological changes in hair cells between these two groups. However, we discovered an interesting phenomenon in that the peak mRNA levels of IL-1β, IL-6, CCL2 and TNF-α were higher in day noise-exposed mice compared to those in night noise-exposed mice, and these mRNA levels subsided more slowly in day noise-exposed mice. Conclusion: Overall, these observations suggest that the circadian timing of noise exposure has a significant effect on noise-induced inflammatory responses in the mouse cochlea and that a greater inflammatory response might occur after daytime exposure. Introduction Noiseinduced Noise induced Nevertheless noiseinduced understood Objective times dark Methods C57BL6J CBLJ C57BL 6J C BL J moderate am m a.m pm p p.m function points 1 basilarmembrane basilar membrane realtime real pre (pre 0, 0 (0 12 2 h Results noiseexposed exposed hearingthreshold shifts Similarly groups However IL1β, IL1β ILβ IL 1β, 1β β IL-1β IL6, IL6 6, 6 IL-6 CCL TNFα TNF α Conclusion Overall CBL ( IL-