Abstract The research analyzes the variables that influence the strengthening of business and tax culture through knowledge management. Methodologically, it is a study with a qualitative and analytical approach. The study highlights the importance of knowledge management as a catalyst for improving organizational culture and tax compliance in companies. Variables such as effective communication allow the organization to improve tax and administrative management through the individual knowledge of each employee. The acquisition of skills and knowledge through training and education strengthens the resilience of individuals to regulatory changes. Technology, used as a management and process optimization tool, reduces error variability while increasing efficiency and performance. Teamwork in the execution of tasks facilitates more efficient planning and optimal allocation of individual responsibilities. Finally, by implementing a risk management approach, it is possible to exercise greater diligence in the early detection of errors and minimize their impact on the ongoing business development context.

Resumen La investigación analiza las variables que influyen en el fortalecimiento de la cultura empresarial y tributaria a través de la gestión del conocimiento. A nivel metodológico es un estudio con enfoque cualitativo y analítico. El estudio destaca la importancia de la gestión del conocimiento como un catalizador para mejorar la cultura organizacional y el cumplimiento tributario en las empresas. Variables como la comunicación efectiva, permite en la organización el mejoramiento en la gestión tributaria y administrativa por medio del conocimiento individual de cada trabajador; la adquisición de habilidades y conocimientos a través de la formación y capacitación fortalece la resiliencia de los individuos ante las modificaciones regulatorias; la tecnología, utilizada como un instrumento para la gestión y optimización de los procesos, reduce la variabilidad de errores, al tiempo que aumenta la eficiencia y el rendimiento; el trabajo en equipo en la ejecución de tareas facilita una planificación más eficiente y una asignación óptima de las responsabilidades individuales; y finalmente, mediante la implementación de un enfoque de gestión de riesgos, es posible ejercer una mayor diligencia en la detección temprana de fallos y en la minimización de su impacto en el contexto del desarrollo del negocio en marcha.

RESUMO Relato de experiência que apresenta parceria entre o Núcleo de Saúde Mental Álcool e Outras Drogas, o Observatório de Territórios Sustentáveis e Saudáveis da Bocaina e o Fórum de Comunidades Tradicionais de Angra dos Reis, Paraty e Ubatuba, o qual resultou em um projeto de intervenções territoriais e comunitárias em saúde mental em Paraty. O objetivo foi promover intervenções nesse campo considerando aspectos socioeconômicos, ambientais e de saúde, integrando os Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável e as metas da Agenda 2030. O projeto desenvolveu atividades de diagnóstico, articulação, intervenção e monitoramento, utilizando metodologias como educação popular, educação permanente, pesquisa-ação e sistematização de experiências. Participaram residentes do Programa de Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde Mental, Álcool e outras Drogas da Escola de Governo Fiocruz Brasília, além de um supervisor clínico institucional bolsista, fortalecendo a Rede de Atenção Psicossocial do município. Atividades como reconhecimento do território, rodas de conversa, entrevistas e trabalho em equipe multiprofissional foram realizadas para compreender o sofrimento mental valorizando os saberes comunitários e as tradições. A relação com a rede formal de saúde mental foi estabelecida para implementar o matriciamento e ampliar o acesso ao cuidado em saúde mental nas comunidades. Reis Ubatuba socioeconômicos 2030 diagnóstico articulação monitoramento popular permanente pesquisaação pesquisa ação experiências Brasília bolsista município território conversa tradições comunidades 203 20 2

ABSTRACT Experience report presenting a partnership between the Mental Health Alcohol and Other Drugs Center, the Observatory of Sustainable and Healthy Territories of Bocaina, and the Forum of Traditional Communities of Angra dos Reis, Paraty, and Ubatuba resulted in a project of territorial and community interventions in mental health in Paraty. The goal was to promote interventions in this field considering socioeconomic, environmental, and health aspects, integrating the Sustainable Development Goals and the targets of the 2030 Agenda. The project developed diagnostic, articulation, intervention and monitoring activities, using methodologies such as popular education, permanent education, action research and systematization of experiences. Residents of the Multiprofessional Residency Program in Mental Health, Alcohol, and other Drugs from the FIOCRUZ Brasília School of Government participated, as well as an institutional clinical supervisor fellow, strengthening the municipality’s Psychosocial Care Network. Activities such as territory recognition, conversation circles, interviews, and multiprofessional teamwork were carried out to understand mental suffering valuing community knowledge and traditions. The relationship with the formal mental health network was established to implement matrix support and expand access to mental health care in communities. Center Bocaina Reis Paraty socioeconomic environmental aspects 203 Agenda diagnostic articulation activities education experiences participated fellow municipalitys municipality s Network recognition circles interviews traditions communities 20 2

RESUMEN: El estudio de la anatomía humana como asignatura básica tiene el desafío de promover el desarrollo de competencias genéricas en los estudiantes. Tal es el caso del trabajo colaborativo, trascendental en el trabajo en salud. Así, aparece aula invertida cuyo esquema desarrolla actividades de trabajo en equipo. Por ello, el objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el impacto de aula invertida sobre el trabajo colaborativo en la enseñanza de la anatomía. Estudio cuantitativo, transversal, no experimental que involucró la implementación de aula invertida en un curso de Terapia Ocupacional de 2023. A partir de 5 sesiones planificadas se desarrollaron trabajos en 6 grupos; incluyeron síntesis de contenido y casos clínicos. Al cerrar el semestre se determinó un promedio de calificaciones (PC), junto a una autoevaluación (AE) y coevaluación (CE) que midió trabajo colaborativo mediante 3 subcompetencias (SC1-SC3) (escala 1,0 a 7,0). Se aplicaron pruebas estadísticas para determinar diferencias entre de SC1-SC3 según AE y CE, por grupos y si existe relación con PC. La prueba de U de Mann Whitney no arrojó diferencias entre AE y CE. La prueba de Friedman no evidenció diferencias entre SC1-SC3. La prueba H de Kruskal-Wallis halló diferencias de las subcompetencias según grupos; SC1 podrían influir en el PC, SC2 registra diferencias en el grupo G1 y G5, y “gestión de conflictos” (SC3) no difiere de forma destacada entre los grupos. La correlación de Spearman presenta una asociación positiva débil entre las subcompetencias y PC, aunque el valor-p no fue significativo. Es sumamente necesario potenciar el trabajo colaborativo en el inicio del pregrado. Anatomía humana, en este contexto, tiene la oportunidad de promover su desarrollo. Ello puede generarse en el marco de aula invertida, cuyo esquema promueve actividades de trabajo colaborativo, y como es sabido, en el rendimiento académico.

SUMMARY: As a basic subject, the study of human anatomy challenges the development of generic skills in students. Such is the case of collaborative work which is transcendental in the areas of healthcare work. Consequently, an inverted classroom is developed wherein teamwork activities are developed. The objective of this work is to analyze the impact of the flipped classroom on collaborative work in teaching anatomy. A quantitative, cross-sectional, non-experimental study that involved the implementation of a flipped classroom in an Occupational Therapy course in 2023 was applied. From 5 planned sessions, work was developed in 6 groups; they included content synthesis and clinical cases. At the end of the semester, a grade average (GA) was determined, along with a self-assessment (SA) and co-assessment (CA) measuring collaborative work through 3 sub competences (SC1-SC3) (scale 1.0 to 7.0). Statistical tests were applied to determine differences between SC1-SC3 according to SA and CA, by groups and if there is a relationship with GA. The Mann Whitney U test did not show differences between SA and CA. The Friedman test did not show differences between SC1-SC3. The Kruskal-Wallis H test found differences in sub competences according to groups; SC1 could influence GA, SC2 records differences in group G1 and G5, and “conflict management” (SC3) does not differ significantly between the groups. The Spearman correlation presented a weak positive association between the sub competences and GA, although the p-value was not significant. It is extremely necessary to promote collaborative work at the beginning of the undergraduate degree. In this context, human anatomy is an opportunity to promote its development. This can be generated within the framework of the inverted classroom promoting collaborative work activities, and academic performance as well.

Abstract This study aimed to analyze the role of nurses in hospital management in the face of COVID-19. The study had a qualitative, descriptive, and exploratory approach. The setting was a hospital that was completely transformed to care for patients with COVID-19. At the time of data collection, ten nurses managed the services, and all participated in the semi-structured interview. After thematic analysis, the data were presented in three categories, representing the elements of Donabedian’s triad: structure, process, and result. Category 1 highlighted the hospital structure reconfiguration based on material and people management; category 2 addressed the work process restructuring to achieve goals with safety and quality; and category 3 focused on nurses’ experiences in describing the results achieved and expected. The analysis highlighted the importance of teamwork, involvement, and adaptation of managers in the face of the challenges of a new and life-threatening disease, scarce resources, and the complexity of human relationships in the crisis. In transformational leadership, these nurses encouraged behavior change, professional growth, and resilience. COVID19. COVID19 COVID 19. 19 COVID-19 qualitative descriptive approach collection services semistructured semi structured interview categories Donabedians Donabedian s triad result quality expected teamwork involvement lifethreatening life threatening disease resources crisis leadership change growth resilience COVID1 COVID-1 COVID-

Resumo Objetivou-se analisar a atuação dos enfermeiros na gestão hospitalar frente à COVID-19. O estudo teve uma abordagem qualitativa, do tipo descritivo e exploratório. O cenário foi um hospital que se transformou totalmente para atendimento de pacientes com COVID-19. No momento da coleta de dados, dez enfermeiros estavam à frente da gestão dos serviços, e todos participaram da entrevista semiestruturada. Os dados, após análise temática, foram apresentados em três categorias representativas dos elementos da tríade de Donabedian, ou seja, estrutura, processo e resultado. A categoria 1 realçou a reconfiguração da estrutura hospitalar a partir da gestão de materiais e das pessoas; a categoria 2 abordou a reestruturação do processo de trabalho para alcance das metas com segurança e qualidade; e a categoria 3 focou nas experiências dos enfermeiros na descrição dos resultados alcançados e esperados. A análise evidenciou a importância do trabalho em equipe, do envolvimento e da adaptação do gestor diante dos desafios da doença nova e ameaçadora da vida, dos recursos escassos e da complexidade das relações humanas na crise. Na liderança transformacional esses enfermeiros incentivaram a mudança de comportamento, o crescimento profissional, e resiliência. Objetivouse Objetivou COVID19. COVID19 COVID 19. 19 COVID-19 qualitativa exploratório dados serviços semiestruturada temática Donabedian seja resultado pessoas qualidade esperados equipe vida crise comportamento profissional resiliência COVID1 COVID-1 COVID-

Abstract This paper presents the systematization of a non-formal educational experience. The aim of this study was to recognize the emerging pedagogical and didactic aspects during a science’s club. The research was qualitative, exploratory, and interpretive. The methodological design was a systematization of 10 sessions of a science's club for infants. University of Costa Rica students were the facilitators. Observations, interviews, and a focus group were used. The results show pedagogical and didactic theoretical dimensions. The pedagogical aspects refer to the desire to learn and communicate knowledge, satisfaction and concern for teaching. The didactic aspects refer to the motivation to teach through interesting activities through teamwork, with contributions from different disciplines. The conclusions indicate that the experiences of the students favored a process of personal and group training and transformation. Furthermore, the science taught is approached from empirical knowledge of demonstration and experimentation and the importance of communication and reflection for the improvement of non-formal education processes is highlighted.

Resumen En este artículo se expone la sistematización de una experiencia educativa en un contexto no formal. El objetivo fue reconocer los aspectos pedagógicos y didácticos emergentes durante el desarrollo de un club de ciencias. La investigación fue cualitativa, de carácter exploratorio e interpretativa. El diseño metodológico consistió en una sistematización de 10 sesiones de un club de ciencias dirigido a infantes, en el que participaron, como personas facilitadoras, un grupo de estudiantes de la Universidad de Costa Rica. Se utilizaron observaciones, entrevistas y un grupo focal. Los resultados evidencian dimensiones teóricas, pedagógicas y didácticas. Los aspectos pedagógicos remiten al deseo de aprender y comunicar conocimientos, y a los sentimientos de satisfacción y preocupación por enseñar. Los aspectos didácticos hacen referencia a la motivación de enseñar mediante actividades interesantes como el trabajo en equipo, con aportes de diferentes disciplinas. Las conclusiones señalan que las experiencias de las personas estudiantes favorecieron un proceso de formación y transformación personal y grupal. Además, se evidenció que la ciencia que se enseña es abordada desde un conocimiento empírico de demostración y experimentación. Por último, se destaca la importancia de la comunicación y de la reflexión para la mejora de los procesos de educación no formales.

Abstract The ‘Blue Book’: a Future for Family Medicine in Portugal, edited in 1990 by the Portuguese Association of General Practice and Family Medicine, influenced the subsequent years and built the foundation for the Primary Healthcare Reform, initiated in 2005, but not fully implemented. In the current moment of low professional satisfaction, reviewing the principles that should guide family medicine in the future is important. The family doctor is the individual’s physician, who accompanies people's health throughout their life. Family doctors are specialists in primary healthcare and act according to the core values of family medicine as defined by the WONCA. Their actions form the basis of the health system and are associated with better health outcomes. Therefore, their actions must be centred on the person and the provision of differentiated care, reducing bureaucratic tasks and those with low health value. Physical spaces, equipment, and human resources should be adequately ensured, including the adjustment of the size of patients’ lists to ensure quality and dignified work by the Family Doctor, in every working setting. The Portuguese Association of General Practice and Family Medicine advocates for a performance-based remuneration model appropriate to the family doctor’s activity that compensates and prioritizes value-based healthcare, focusing their actions on the individual and reducing inefficiencies and duplications. This model is based on a new, simplified, and modern quality system grounded in the classic Structure - Process - Results framework but considering the dimensions of patient and professional satisfaction and adequately rewarding clinical work, teamwork, and citizen-centeredness. The present document is an adaptation and translation into English of the book 'A New Future for General and Family Medicine', edited by the Portuguese Association of General Practice and Family Medicine, in 2023.

Resumo O Livro Azul: um futuro para a Medicina de Família em Portugal, editado em 1990 pela Associação Portuguesa de Médicos de Clínica Geral, marcou os anos seguintes e conceptualizou a Reforma dos Cuidados de Saúde Primários, iniciada em 2005, mas não implementada na totalidade. No momento atual de insatisfação profissional é importante rever os princípios que nortearão a medicina geral e familiar no futuro. O médico de família é Médico da Pessoa. É nessa condição que faz o acompanhamento médico ao longo da sua vida. É especialista em cuidados de saúde primários e atua de acordo com os valores da medicina de família definidos pela WONCA. A sua ação é a base do sistema de saúde em que atua e está associada a melhores resultados de saúde. É, por isso, fundamental que a sua ação seja centralizada na pessoa e na prestação de cuidados diferenciados a esta, reduzindo as tarefas burocráticas e de baixo valor em saúde. Devem ser dadas condições materiais, de espaços físicos e de recursos humanos, incluindo adequação do tamanho das listas para garantir um trabalho digno e de qualidade ao médico de família. A APMGF defende um modelo de remuneração pelo desempenho adequado à atividade do médico de família que compense e priorize o valor em saúde, que centre a sua ação na pessoa e que reduza as ineficiências e duplicações. Este modelo assenta num novo sistema da qualidade simplificado e moderno assente no clássico Estrutura - Processo - Resultados, mas que considere as dimensões de satisfação de utentes e profissionais e que compense adequadamente o trabalho clínico, em equipa e centralidade do cidadão. O presente documento é uma adaptação e tradução para inglês do livro “Um Novo Futuro para a Medicina Geral e Familiar”, editado pela Associação Portuguesa de Medicina Geral e Familiar, em 2023.

ABSTRACT Introduction/framework/objectives The term is reasonably widespread in common sense vocabulary, but its definition is not. The aim of this review is to understand the concept and try to understand how this may influence some relevant variables in an occupational context, such as professional satisfaction, quality of working life, performance, teamwork, productivity, global health and safety at work. Methodology This is a Bibliographic Review, initiated through research carried out in april of 2023 in the databases “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: comprehensive, MedicLatina and RCAAP”. Content The term was first used by Oates in 1971 to describe the uncontrollable need to work, disrupting health, happiness and relationships. Others add the great expenditure of energy and effort in this regard, to the detriment of relationships, health and time for oneself. Although there is no consensually accepted definition, there are several criteria to consider, including concern about work, working to avoid mood swings and harder to achieve the same feeling, dysphoria if unable to work and conflict with one's own feelings or needs. Discussion and Conclusions The content of the articles is not homogeneous, not only due to the difference between the possible definitions, but also due to the preconceptions of the researchers or the authors they consulted. In other words, it is considered that Workaholism can be working in an intense and committed way, with great performance, generating intense job satisfaction and admiration for the employer/managers/colleagues/family and friends; as it can also be seen as a pathological and/or disorganized way of approaching work, generating anxiety and discomfort, sometimes not even resulting in increased productivity. Knowing how to recognize the most negative aspects of this concept as early as possible will increase the possibility of intervening more effectively, enhancing job satisfaction, quality of life, performance, productivity and profit.

RESUMO Introdução/enquadramento/objetivos O termo está razoavelmente difundido no vocabulário de senso comum, mas a definição do mesmo já não. Pretende-se com esta revisão entender o conceito e tentar perceber de que forma esta condição poderá influenciar algumas variáveis relevantes em contexto ocupacional, como satisfação profissional, qualidade de vida laboral, desempenho, trabalho de equipa, produtividade, saúde global e segurança no trabalho. Metodologia Trata-se de uma Revisão Bibliográfica, iniciada através de uma pesquisa realizada em abril de 2023 nas bases de dados “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: comprehensive, MedicLatina e RCAAP”. Conteúdo O termo foi primeiramente usado por Oates em 1971, para descrever a necessidade incontrolável de trabalhar, perturbando a saúde, felicidade e relacionamentos. Outros acrescentam o grande dispêndio de energia e esforço nesse sentido, em detrimento das relações, saúde e tempo para si. Ainda que não exista uma definição consensualmente aceite, existem vários critérios a considerar, nomeadamente preocupação com o trabalho, trabalhar para evitar alterações de humor, trabalhar cada vez mais para obter o mesmo efeito, disforia se estiver impedido de trabalhar e conflito com as suas próprias necessidades e/ou de terceiros. Discussão e Conclusões O conteúdo dos artigos é totalmente díspar, não só pela grande diferença entre as diversas definições possíveis, como pelos pré-conceitos dos investigadores ou dos autores por eles consultados. Ou seja, tanto se considera que Workaholism é trabalhar a ritmo intenso, com grande desempenho, geradora de uma grande satisfação laboral e admiração pelo empregador/chefias/colegas/familiares e amigos; como também pode ser visto como uma forma patológica e/ou desorganizada de encarar o trabalho, geradora de ansiedade e mal-estar, por vezes até nem se refletindo em aumento da produtividade. Saber reconhecer o mais precocemente possível as vertentes mais negativas deste conceito, aumentará a possibilidade de intervir de forma mais eficaz, potenciando a satisfação laboral, qualidade de vida, desempenho, produtividade e lucro.

Abstract The purpose of the present study was to define the professional competencies and subjects of the conservation and environmental protection axis of the new educational model of the Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics career of the Autonomous University of Zacatecas, which establishes that the teacher and the student know the competencies by axes in order to make their educational processes more efficient from a global perspective. To do this, we worked with a core academic core of teachers from the academic unit, who were supported by a bibliographic methodology, synthesis and analysis, as well as the understanding of analyzed documents from the field of veterinary medicine. As a result of the teamwork of 50 teachers and 2 specialists in veterinary education, during workshops and based on the documentary review of research articles in veterinary education, through searching in databases such as Scopus, Web of Sciences , Google Schoolar and Dialnet, the following competencies were defined in the axis of conservation and protection of the environment, where the student must be competent in carrying out adequate management and disposal of hazardous infectious biological waste (RPBI), as well as corrosive, reactive, explosive, toxic, flammable and biological material infectious (CRETIB) generated by medical and agricultural activity to avoid environmental contamination and promote good public health. In addition, it must have the capacity to carry out integrated management of the waste produced as a result of agricultural activity to take advantage of it and avoid environmental contamination, as well as design and apply the methodology for the conservation and use of natural resources. The subjects contained in the curricular plan were defined from these competencies.

Resumo O objetivo do presente estudo foi definir as competências e disciplinas profissionais do eixo conservação e proteção ambiental do novo modelo educacional da carreira de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade Autônoma de Zacatecas, que estabelece que o educador e o aluno conheçam o competências por eixos, com o objetivo de tornar os seus processos educativos mais eficientes numa perspectiva global. Para o que trabalhamos com um núcleo académico constituído por docentes da Unidade Académica, que se apoiaram numa metodologia bibliográfica, de síntese e análise, bem como na compreensão de documentos analisados da medicina veterinária. Como resultado do trabalho em equipe de 50 professores e 2 especialistas em educação veterinária durante oficinas e com base na revisão documental de artigos de pesquisa em educação veterinária por meio da busca nas bases de dados Scopus, Web of Sciences, Google Schoolar e Dialnet, foram definidas as seguintes competências no eixo de conservação e proteção do meio ambiente onde o aluno deve ter competência na realização de gestão e destinação adequada de resíduos biológicos infecciosos perigosos (RPBI), bem como de resíduos biológicos corrosivos, reativos, explosivos, tóxicos, inflamáveis e infecciosos (CRETIB) gerados pela atividade médica e agrícola para evitar a contaminação ambiental e promover a boa saúde pública. Da mesma forma, deve ter capacidade para realizar a gestão integrada dos resíduos produzidos pela actividade agrícola para aproveitá-los e evitar a contaminação ambiental, bem como conceber e aplicar a metodologia de conservação e aproveitamento dos recursos naturais. recursos. As disciplinas constantes do plano curricular são definidas a partir destas competências.

Resumen El propósito del presente estudio fue definir las competencias profesionales y las materias del eje de conservación y protección al medio ambiente del nuevo modelo educativo de la carrera de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia de la Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, la cual establece que el docente y el educando conozcan las competencias por ejes con la finalidad de hacer mas eficientes sus procesos educativos desde una óptica global. Para ello, se trabajó con un núcleo académico base de docentes de la unidad académica, los cuales se apoyaron en una metodología bibliográfica, síntesis y análisis, así como en la comprensión de documentos analizados del ámbito de la medicina veterinaria. Como resultado del trabajo en equipo de 50 docentes y 2 especialistas en educación veterinaria, durante talleres de trabajo y con base en la revisión documental de artículos de investigación en educación veterinaria, a través de la búsqueda en bases de datos como Scopus, Web of Sciences, Google Schoolar y Dialnet, se definieron las siguientes competencias en el eje de conservación y protección al ambiente, donde el estudiante debe de ser competente en la realización de un manejo y disposición adecuada de los residuos peligrosos biológico infecciosos (RPBI), así como de material corrosivo, reactivo, explosivo, tóxico, inflamable y biológico infeccioso (CRETIB) generados por la actividad médica y agropecuaria para evitar la contaminación del ambiente y propiciar una buena salud pública. Además, debe tener la capacidad de realizar un manejo integrado de los residuos producidos como resultado por la actividad agropecuaria para aprovecharlos y evitar la contaminación del ambiente, así como diseñar y aplicar la metodología para la conservación y aprovechamiento de los recursos naturales. De estas competencias se definieron las asignaturas contenidas en el plan curricular.

BACKGROUND. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development is a blueprint for world peace and prosperity. The 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the agenda are to be met by the governments of both developed and developing countries. Interprofessional education (IPE) may be regarded as a mechanism for achieving SDG 3. OBJECTIVES. To investigate how students perceive an interprofessional first-year curriculum that contributes to the accomplishment of SDG 3. METHODS. The study design was focused on consensus-building strategies. The students' perceptions of the IPE part of the first-year module were measured on a 4-point Likert scale. RESULTS. Students agreed that the content in the interprofessional module is suitable to promote teamwork skills and learning. There was no consensus regarding their understanding of the role of their own profession in an interprofessional team. Participants agreed that IPE helps students learn, encourages teamwork, and is good for both patients and themselves as future healthcare workers. CONCLUSION. IPE in health professions education has many benefits and can be seen as a vehicle to reach SDG 3, which aims to improve the health and wellbeing of all people at all ages.

Resumen El estudio explora el fortalecimiento de competencias colaborativas entre alumnos de Educación de la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana Sede Guayaquil. Se analiza la influencia de los ambientes virtuales de aprendizaje (AVA) en el progreso de dichas competencias, vitales en contextos laborales contemporáneos. La investigación subraya la importancia de incorporar metodologías cooperativas y tecnológicas en la formación universitaria de los docentes. Utilizando un método mixto que integra revisión de literatura, encuestas y entrevistas, se indaga en las percepciones de estudiantes y educadores acerca del rol de los AVA. Los hallazgos revelan actitudes favorables hacia estos entornos, con especial énfasis en aplicaciones como Moodle y Google Workspace para mejorar la cooperación. Se concluye que los AVA facilitan el desarrollo de habilidades de colaboración, aunque se sugiere una investigación más profunda sobre diversas estrategias pedagógicas y la aplicación de variadas herramientas tecnológicas en estudios futuros.

Abstract The study explores the strengthening of collaborative skills among students of Education at the Salesian Polytechnic University, Guayaquil Campus. It analyzes the influence of virtual learning environments (VLE) on the progress of these skills, vital in contemporary work contexts. The research emphasizes the importance of incorporating cooperative and technological methodologies in the training of future teachers. Using a mixed method that integrates literature review, surveys, and interviews, the study investigates the perceptions of students and educators about the role of VLEs. The findings reveal favorable attitudes towards these environments, with special emphasis on applications like Moodle and Google Workspace to enhance cooperation. It is concluded that VLEs facilitate the development of collaborative skills, although further research is suggested on various pedagogical strategies and the application of diverse technological tools in future studies.

ABSTRACT Communication culture is the basis of communication and interaction between people. The insufficient development of communication culture can lead to interpersonal conflicts. The ability to communicate effectively contributes to great teamwork in various projects. The article aims to examine the communication culture of modern college students, with an emphasis on how social changes and technological advances develop their communication skills. The authors systematically analyze existing literature, including peer-reviewed articles and research studies. They use thematic analysis to identify and categorize the key topics related to the communication culture of students. The authors conclude that there is an urgent need for educational institutions to adapt their curricula to more effectively teach communication skills. These adaptations should prepare students to navigate the complexities of interpersonal and professional environments.

RESUMEN La cultura de la comunicación es la base de la comunicación y la interacción entre las personas. El desarrollo insuficiente de la cultura de la comunicación puede provocar conflictos interpersonales. La capacidad de comunicarse eficazmente contribuye a un gran trabajo en equipo en diversos proyectos. El artículo pretende examinar la cultura comunicativa de los estudiantes universitarios modernos, haciendo hincapié en cómo los cambios sociales y los avances tecnológicos desarrollan sus habilidades comunicativas. Los autores analizan sistemáticamente la bibliografía existente, incluidos artículos revisados por pares y estudios de investigación. Utilizan el análisis temático para identificar y categorizar los temas clave relacionados con la cultura comunicativa de los estudiantes. Los autores concluyen que existe una necesidad urgente de que las instituciones educativas adapten sus planes de estudio para enseñar de forma más eficaz las habilidades comunicativas. Estas adaptaciones deberían preparar a los estudiantes para desenvolverse en las complejidades de los entornos interpersonales y profesionales.

Resumen La gestión universitaria involucra una serie de actores claves en la toma de decisiones y la dirección estratégica de las instituciones de educación superior. Uno de estos actores es el cogobierno estudiantil, un componente fundamental en muchas universidades que busca dar voz y representación a los estudiantes en asuntos académicos y administrativos. El objetivo principal de la investigación es analizar la participación y representación estudiantil en los procesos académicos, cuya contribución ha fortalecido la gestión institucional de la Universidad San Gregorio de Portoviejo durante el período 2021-2023. La metodología aplicada tuvo un enfoque cuanti-cualitativo de tipo descriptiva, no experimental y transversal. Inicialmente se realizó una encuesta con la finalidad de determinar las principales necesidades de los estudiantes en sus diferentes aspectos académicos, los resultados originaron la implementación de ciertas acciones que pretendían dar respuesta a las necesidades identificadas. Adicionalmente, para identificar el nivel de satisfacción sobre la calidad de gestión del cogobierno se aplicó una encuesta para determinar los criterios y opiniones de los estudiantes respecto del desempeño e influencia de los representantes estudiantiles en la gestión institucional de la Universidad. Los resultados permitieron consolidar alianzas entre otros representantes universitarios de la provincia, una mejor comunicación con autoridades institucionales, y se forjó el liderazgo estudiantil a través del trabajo en equipo, la responsabilidad, la lealtad, el sentido de pertenencia y la calidad humanística que caracteriza a los gregorianos para constituir un referente en la educación superior.

Abstract University management involves a series of key actors in the decision-making and strategic direction of higher education institutions. One of these actors is student co-government, a fundamental component in many universities that seeks to give voice and representation to students in academic and administrative matters. The main objective of the research is to analyze student participation and representation in academic processes, whose contribution has strengthened the institutional management of University San Gregorio of Portoviejo during the period 2021-2023. The applied methodology had a quantitative-qualitative approach of a descriptive, non-experimental and transversal type. Initially, a survey was carried out with the purpose of determining the main needs of the students in their different academic aspects; the results led to the implementation of certain actions that sought to respond to the identified needs. Additionally, to identify the level of satisfaction with the quality of co-government management, a survey was applied to determine the criteria and opinions of students regarding the performance and influence of student representatives in the institutional management of the University. The results allowed for the consolidation of alliances between other university representatives of the province, better communication with institutional authorities, and student leadership was forged through teamwork, responsibility, loyalty, the sense of belonging and the humanistic quality that characterizes the Gregorians to constitute a reference in higher education.

Abstract The results of the study carried out during the years 2021 and 2022, called Contributions of Counseling in the promotion of employability in students of Vocational Technical Education and Training (VTET), whose objective was to analyze the contribution of Counseling in promoting employability in VTET students, are presented in the context of the Costa Rican Ministry of Public Education. This study is stated in the naturalistic paradigm, with a qualitative approach and phenomenological method; since it seeks to describe and interpret what was expressed through semi-structured interviews with the people participating in the research, who were counseling professionals and twelfth-level students of Professional Technical High Schools (PTHS). The results obtained were organized into categories: Counseling for employability in VTET, a contextualization in the PTHS which refers to the functions of professionals in Counseling in the PTHS, teamwork as a condition that implies the promotion of employability and adjustment in the professional work in VTET from the COVID-19 pandemic; Promotion of the employability of professional people in Counseling, in which it was found that attitudes, skills, and tools for employability are offered; and Contributions of Counseling professionals in promoting employability in VTET of the Costa Rican Educational Minister, where it is evident that counselors carry out actions that facilitate self-knowledge and the context-knowledge, which contributes to their employability. Among the most important conclusions, it can be mentioned that the group of Counseling professionals face challenges in the promotion of employability, since, in the diversified cycle, there is no guidance counseling lesson; however, they manage to work together with teachers and administrative staff of educational institutions in order to promote the employability of the students. As a recommendation, among others, the professional person in Counseling is urged to look for different spaces, from where to develop processes, and actions that promote the employability of the PTHS students.

Resumen Se presentan los resultados del estudio Aportes de la orientación en la promoción de la empleabilidad en estudiantes de la Educación y Formación Técnica Profesional (EFTP), cuyo objetivo fue analizar el aporte de la orientación en la promoción de la empleabilidad en estudiantes de EFTP en el contexto del Ministerio de Educación Pública (MEP) realizado durante los años 2021 y 2022. Se parte del paradigma naturalista, con enfoque cualitativo y método fenomenológico, ya que se busca describir e interpretar lo expresado mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas a las personas participantes en la investigación, es decir, a profesionales en Orientación y estudiantes de duodécimo nivel de Colegios Técnicos Profesionales (CTP). Los resultados obtenidos se organizaron en categorías: Orientación para la empleabilidad en la EFTP; una contextualización en los CTP, la cual remite a las funciones de las personas profesionales en Orientación en los CTP; el trabajo en equipo como condición que supone la promoción de la empleabilidad y el ajuste en el quehacer profesional en EFTP, a partir de la pandemia por el COVID-19; promoción de la empleabilidad de las personas profesionales en orientación, en la cual se encuentra que se promocionan actitudes, habilidades y se ofrecen herramientas para la empleabilidad; y aportes de las personas profesionales en orientación en la promoción de la empleabilidad en la EFTP del MEP, donde se evidencia que las personas orientadoras realizan acciones que facilitan el conocimiento de sí y del contexto, lo que contribuye en su empleabilidad. Entre las conclusiones más importantes se puede mencionar que el grupo de profesionales en orientación enfrenta retos para la promoción de la empleabilidad, ya que, en el ciclo diversificado, no se cuenta con la lección de Orientación; sin embargo, logran realizar un trabajo en conjunto con el personal docente y administrativo de las instituciones educativas con el fin de promocionar la empleabilidad del estudiantado. Como recomendación, entre otras, se insta a la persona profesional en Orientación, a buscar diferentes espacios, desde donde desarrollar procesos, acciones que promocionen la empleabilidad del estudiantado de los CTP.

ABSTRACT This research aimed to evaluate the application of Project-Based Learning in the Biology subject in students of the Biological Profile of the University College of the University of Havana. A sample of 31 students was selected. The students were organized into groups and assigned a real problem and a tutor, a professor. The students developed their project proposals over a period of three weeks. The students' level of satisfaction was evaluated regarding the application of this strategy according to the Iadov technique. The students proposed solutions to the problems through their projects. In the projects, the students through the consultation of a specialized bibliography, identified different entities that could work together to solve the problem. Iadov technique showed that students are highly satisfied with the application of this methodology. In turn, they recognize that through PBL they integrated knowledge of various subjects, felt motivated to search for solutions to real problems, and stimulated teamwork. These results highlight the importance of this didactic strategy in the teaching-learning process.

RESUMEN La siguiente investigación se trazó como objetivo: evaluar la aplicación del Aprendizaje Basado en Proyectos en la asignatura Biología en estudiantes del Perfil Biológico del Colegio Universitario de la Universidad de La Habana. Se seleccionó una muestra de 31 estudiantes. Los estudiantes se organizaron en grupos y se les asignó un problema real y un tutor, miembro del claustro de la asignatura de Biología. Los estudiantes desarrollaron sus propuestas de proyectos en un período de tres semanas. El nivel de satisfacción de los estudiantes en cuanto a la aplicación de esta estrategia se evaluó según la técnica de Iadov. Los estudiantes propusieron soluciones a los problemas planteados mediante sus proyectos. En los mismos a través de la consulta de bibliografía especializada identificaron diferentes entidades que pudieran trabajar en conjunto para la solución del problema. La técnica de Iadov arrojó que los estudiantes tienen una alta satisfacción con la aplicación de esta metodología, a su vez reconocen que mediante el ABP integraron conocimientos de varias asignaturas, se sintieron motivados en la búsqueda de soluciones de problemas reales y estimuló el trabajo en equipo. Estos resultados destacan la importancia de esta estrategia didáctica en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje.

Abstract The productivity of agile teams represents a crucial aspect for software development companies, since it directly influences their performance and efficiency, fundamental aspects for the constant search for improvements. Different studies show that team productivity in agile software development (ASD) is an abstract concept, its meaning is still being studied and is under construction. On the other hand, its measurement is oriented towards establishing different factors of various types that generate an impact within the team, the organization, and even the market. The objective of this study was to identify the metrics used to evaluate eleven factors classified in the categories of meaning, impact, and flexibility related to team productivity in the field of ASD. This analysis was performed using systematic literature mapping (SLM) directed according to Petersen's protocol. As a result, 37 primary investigations were identified in the IEEE Xplore DL and Scopus bibliographic databases. The findings of this research include the definition of the chosen factors, the determination of productivity metrics for each of them, and an attempt at mathematical formalization for some of these metrics. Furthermore, it was noted that 91.8 % of the studies refer to productivity factors associated with the category of meaning and impact, while there are few studies that detail factors related to the category of flexibility.

Resumen La productividad de los equipos ágiles representa un aspecto crucial para las empresas de desarrollo de software, ya que influye directamente en su desempeño y eficiencia, aspectos fundamentales para la búsqueda constante de mejoras. Diferentes estudios demuestran que la productividad de equipo en el desarrollo ágil de software (ASD por sus siglas en inglés) es un concepto abstracto, su significado aún sigue siendo objeto de estudio y se encuentra en construcción. Por otra parte, su medición se orienta hacia el establecimiento de diferentes factores de diversos tipos que generan una incidencia dentro del equipo, la organización e inclusive el mercado. El objetivo de este estudio consistió en identificar las métricas utilizadas para evaluar once factores clasificados en las categorías de significado, impacto y flexibilidad vinculados a la productividad de equipos en el ámbito del ASD. Este análisis se realizó mediante un mapeo sistemático de la literatura (MSL) dirigido según el protocolo de Petersen. Como resultado, se identificaron 37 investigaciones primarias en las bases de datos bibliográficas de IEEE Xplore DL y Scopus. Entre los hallazgos de esta investigación se incluye la definición de los factores elegidos, la determinación de métricas de productividad para cada uno de ellos y un intento de formalización matemática para algunas de estas métricas. Además, se notó que el 91.8 % de los estudios hacen referencia a factores de productividad asociados a la categoría de significado e impacto, mientras que son escasos los estudios que detallan factores vinculados a la categoría de flexibilidad.