Coumarin derivatives possess diverse biological activities, encompassing antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. This study concentrates on the synthesis of two new coumarins: the first derived from rhizomes of Luvunga scandens and the second from 7-(diethylamino)-4-methyl-2H-chromen-2-one via bromination facilitated by NBS (N-bromosuccinimide) reagent. Their antibacterial and anticancer properties were evaluated in vitro, alongside in silico docking targeting the chromen-2-one group. Bromination of compound 1 yielded novel compound 2, while compound 4 was efficiently synthesized from 7-(diethylamino)-4-methyl-2H-chromen-2-one (3) using NBS. Testing on lung, breast, and liver cancer cell lines indicated that compound 2 effectively inhibited Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus at concentrations of 13.20 and 6.6 µM, respectively. It also demonstrated significant inhibition against MCF-7 breast cancer cells with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 50.37 ± 3.70 µM. Molecular docking revealed compound 2’s interaction with 2VF5 enzyme, elucidating its bacterial inhibition mechanism, with Gibbs energy and inhibition constant values of -7.42 kcal mol-1 and 3.62 µM, respectively. Additionally, compound 2 exhibited anticancer activity via alignment with topoisomerase 1 (3TOP): 1T8I, supported by molecular dynamics simulations illustrating strong ligand interactions. Analysis of pharmacophore kinetics highlighted the complex’s hydrophilic nature, indicating its potential therapeutic efficacy. activities antifungal antidiabetic antiinflammatory, antiinflammatory anti inflammatory, inflammatory anti-inflammatory effects coumarins 7diethylamino4methyl2Hchromen2one diethylaminomethylHchromenone 7 diethylamino methyl 2H chromen one H Nbromosuccinimide N bromosuccinimide (N-bromosuccinimide reagent vitro chromen2one chromenone group 3 (3 lung 1320 13 20 13.2 66 6 6. µM respectively MCF7 MCF MCF- halfmaximal half maximal IC50 IC (IC50 5037 50 37 50.3 370 70 3.7 2s s VF 2VF enzyme mechanism 7.42 742 42 -7.4 mol1 mol mol- 362 62 3.6 Additionally 3TOP TOP (3TOP) 1T8I TI T I interactions complexs complex nature efficacy Hchromen ( 132 13. IC5 (IC5 503 5 50. 3. 7.4 74 -7. 36 (3TOP (IC 7. -7 -

Resumen Este trabajo analiza la conformación del MAS-IPSP en Argentina y el impacto en su militancia de la llegada de dirigentes de máxima relevancia de ese partido luego de la renuncia de Evo Morales a la presidencia de Bolivia en noviembre de 2019. Por medio de observaciones participantes y entrevistas, se reconoce que la proximidad experimentada entre los/as activistas de la diáspora y los/as referentes partidarios es una dimensión relevante de este proceso. En particular, se encuentra que la cercanía no solo favoreció la simultaneidad en la pertenencia y la participación de los/as migrantes en los campos políticos de ambos países, sino que potenció su interpenetración. De esta manera, la originalidad del trabajo está dada por la identificación de un factor decisivo en la conformación y en el desarrollo de los colectivos políticos transnacionales y sus formas de funcionamiento poco tratado por la bibliografía.

Abstract This paper analyzes the formation of the MAS-IPSP in Argentina and the impact on its militancy of the arrival of top leaders of that party after the resignation of Evo Morales from the presidency of Bolivia in November 2019. Through participant observations and interviews, it is acknowledged that the proximity experienced between diaspora activists and party leaders is a relevant dimension of this process. In particular, it notices that the proximity not only favored the simultaneity in the belonging and participation of migrants in the political fields of both countries, but also enhanced their interpenetration. In this way, the originality of the work is given by the identification of a decisive factor in the conformation and development of transnational political collectives and their forms of operation that has been little dealt with in the literature.

Abstract Ceramic coating finds are widely used in buildings due to their durability, weather resistance and attractive aesthetics. Over time, these facades are subject to various factors that can cause anomalies, affecting their appearance and performance. Different degrees of protection and exposure to degradation agents, as well as the variability in the quality of materials and construction processes lead to different degradation along the facade. The objective of the research is to study the variability of degradation along the facade, how it appears and which are the main factors responsible. The research is based on a database, developed from inspections of buildings in Brasília, using the Degradation Measurement Method (MMD. The analyzes are based on degradation indicators. The results show that there is variability in degradation resulting from numerous variables. Older buildings have greater extents of degradation. It is observed that there is variability in degradation between the floors of the building's facade, mainly in relation to the sixth floor and top, showing that the position on the facade is a significant factor in the degradation process. The identification of causes of degradation and the most vulnerable points of the facade allows the development of appropriate design and maintenance strategies. durability aesthetics time anomalies performance agents responsible database Brasília MMD. MMD (MMD indicators variables building s top process strategies

Resumo Fachadas com revestimento cerâmico são amplamente utilizadas em edifícios devido à sua durabilidade, resistência às intempéries e estética atraente. Ao longo do tempo, essas fachadas estão sujeitas a diversos fatores que podem causar anomalias, afetando sua aparência e desempenho. Diferentes graus de proteção e exposição a agentes de degradação, bem como a variabilidade da qualidade dos materiais e processos construtivos levam a uma degradação diferenciada ao longo da fachada. O objetivo da pesquisa é o estudo da variabilidade da degradação ao longo da fachada, como ela se apresenta e quais os principais fatores responsáveis. A pesquisa parte de uma base de dados, desenvolvida a partir de inspeções em edifícios de Brasília, empregando o Método de Mensuração da Degradação (MMD. As análises são baseadas em indicadores de degradação. Os resultados mostram que há variabilidade da degradação decorrente de inúmeras variáveis. Edifícios mais antigos possuem maiores extensões de degradação. Observa-se que há variabilidade da degradação entre os andares da fachada da edificação, principalmente em relação ao sexto andar e topo, mostrando que a posição na fachada é fator significativo para o processo de degradação. A identificação de causas de degradação e de pontos mais vulneráveis da fachada permite o desenvolvimento de estratégias de projeto e manutenção adequadas. durabilidade atraente tempo anomalias desempenho responsáveis dados Brasília MMD. MMD (MMD variáveis Observase Observa edificação topo adequadas

Resumen (Objetivo) Plasmodium vivax infecta ampliamente a muchas personas en algunas regiones. La singularidad de formar una etapa latente hace que la malaria vivax pueda ser inducida por una recaída por una infección adicional. En el presente estudio, utilizamos un enfoque de simulación dinámica y acoplamiento molecular ara predecir la posibilidad de que compuestos bioactivos de la familia de plantas Zingiberaceae sean candidatos a fármaco contra la malaria dirigiéndose a la proteína de unión a Duffy de Plasmodium vivax (PvDBP). Se requiere la interacción molecular PvDBP-DARC para mediar el proceso de invasión de merozoitos en los glóbulos rojos. La inhibición de este proceso posiblemente pueda controlar el crecimiento y desarrollo del parásito. (Metodología) El análisis de acoplamiento molecular dio como resultado los dos compuestos principales con el valor de energía de unión más bajo, incluida la 5,7-dihidroxiflavanona (-9,3 kcal/mol) y la pinostrobina (-9,2 kcal/mol). (Resultados) Estos compuestos previstos tienen una interacción más fuerte que la cloroquina como control. Además, los compue potenciales también interactúan con los residuos del sitio de unión de DARC y lo mantienen durante el proceso de simulación de dinámica molecular. De lo contrario, la cloroquina como control no puede retener el 75% de los residuos de unión hacia PvDBP. El estudio de dinámica molecular reveló que los tres complejos tienen una estabilidad relativamente similar. (Conclusiones) Predijimos que los dos compuestos bioactivos tienen potencial como inhibidores de la invasión de merozoitos.

Resumo (Objetivo) O Plasmodium vivax infecta amplamente muitas pessoas em algumas regiões. A singularidade de formar um estágio latente significa que a malária vivax pode ser induzida por recaída devido à infecção adicional. No presente estudo, utilizamos uma abordagem de simulação dinâmica e de acoplamento molecular para prever a possibilidade de compostos bioativos da família de plantas Zingiberaceae como candidatos a medicamentos antimaláricos, visand o aproteína de ligação Duffy do Plasmodium vivax (PvDBP). A interação molecular PvDBP-DARC é necessária para mediar o processo de invasão de merozoítos nos glóbulos vermelhos. A inibição deste processo pode possivelmente controlar o crescimento e desenvolvimento do parasita. (Metodologia) A análise de acoplamento molecular resultou nos dois principais compostos com o menor valor de energia de ligação, incluindo ,7-dihidroxiflavanona (-9,3 kcal/mol) e pinostrobina (-9,2 kcal/mol). (Resultados) Esses compostos previstos têm uma interação mais forte do que a cloroquina como controle. Além disso, os compostos potenciais também interagem e mantêm resíduos do sítio de ligação do DARC durante o processo de simulação de dinâmica molecular. Caso contrário, a cloroquina como controle não pode reter 75% dos resíduos de ligação ao três complexos apresentam estabilidade relativa compostos bioativos têm potencial como inibidor Palavras chave: Medicamentos antimalária; ePvmeesdmsilDBP. ntesa invício;O estudo de dinâmica molecular revelou que os emelhante. (Conclusões) Previmos que os dois asão de merozoítos. Plasmodium vivax; PvDBP; Zingiberáceas.

Abstract (Objective) Plasmodium vivax predominantly infects many people in numerous tropical areas, including Southeast Asia, the Western Pacific, the Americas, and the Eastern Mediterranean. The uniqueness of forming dormant stages can lead to relapse in vivax malaria upon further infection. This study used molecular docking and dynamic simulation to predict potential bioactive compounds from the Zingiberaceae plant family as inhibitors by targeting Plasmodium vivax Duffy Binding Protein (PvDBP). PvDBP-DARC molecular interaction is required to mediate the merozoite invasion process into red blood cells. Inhibiting this process can possibly control parasite growth and development. (Methodology) Molecular docking screening was conducted by using 138 natural compounds from the Zingiberaceae plant family targeting Plasmodium vivax Duffy binding protein (PvDBP). The top two compounds with the lowest binding energy were selected to be analyzed by pharmacokinetics prediction and molecular dynamic (MD) simulation. (Results) Molecular docking screening resulted in the top two compounds with the lowest binding energy value, including 5,7-dihydroxyflavanone (-9.3 kcal/mol) and pinostrobin (-9.2 kcal/mol). These compounds are predicted to have stronger interaction than chloroquine as a control. Furthermore, the potential compounds also interact with DARC binding site residues and maintain them during the molecular dynamic simulation process. Otherwise, chloroquine as a control cannot retain 75% binding residues towards PvDBP. A molecular dynamic study revealed that all three complexes have relatively similar stability. (Conclusions) We predicted that the two bioactive compounds (5,7-dihydroxyflavanone and pinostrobin) have the potential as merozoite invasion inhibitors.

Resumen: La ejecución de proyectos de construcción, a menudo presenta obstáculos y desviaciones, lo que genera incumplimientos. La necesidad de mejorar la gestión del desempeño del cronograma es crucial para el cumplimiento de las metas del proyecto. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo identificar los factores clave del desempeño del cronograma en proyectos de construcción con el propósito de plantear estrategias de mejora. Se elaboró un cuestionario de escala con 54 factores seleccionados a partir de la literatura, el cual fue aplicado a profesionales que se desenvuelven en proyectos de construcción en el Perú. Posteriormente se aplicó el estadístico de análisis factorial a las respuestas de los encuestados en 2 conjuntos de datos: factores de éxito y fracaso. El análisis agrupó por separado en 6 factores comunes de éxito y 7 factores comunes de fracaso. Para identificar los factores clave se llevó a cabo una segunda encuesta en base a los factores comunes y se clasificó utilizando el Índice de Importancia Relativa. Los resultados revelaron cómo los 3 primeros factores de éxito clasificados a: compromiso de los involucrados del proyecto, competencia del gerente de proyecto y competencia del propietario. Los factores de fracaso encontrados fueron: conflicto entre los involucrados del proyecto, falta de conocimiento del gerente del proyecto y la incompetencia del propietario. Se plantearon estrategias de mejora, que pueden ser empleados por los involucrados, principalmente por los gerentes, pues en estos profesionales recae la toma de decisiones, por ello, es necesario invertir tiempo y experiencia para resolver los problemas del desempeño del cronograma.

Abstract: The execution of construction projects often presents obstacles and deviations, which generate non-compliance. The need to improve schedule performance management is crucial to meeting project goals. This work aimed to identify the key factors of schedule performance in construction projects with the purpose of proposing improvement strategies. A scale questionnaire was developed with 54 factors selected from the literature, which was applied to professionals who work in construction projects in Peru. Subsequently, the factor analysis statistic was applied to the responses of the participants in 2 sets of data: success and failure factors. The analysis grouped separately into 6 common success factors and 7 common failure factors. To identify the key factors, a second survey was carried out based on the common factors and classified using the Relative Importance Index. The results revealed how the top 3 success factors classified as: commitment of those involved in the project, competence of the project manager and competence of the owner. The failure factors found were: conflict between those involved in the project, lack of knowledge of the project manager and the incompetence of the owner. Improvement strategies were proposed, which can be used by those involved, mainly by managers, since decision-making falls on these professionals, therefore, it is necessary to invest time and experience to resolve schedule performance problems.

Abstract Introduction: This experimental study focuses on the cognitive development of children and its association with nutrition. The semantic associations of boys and girls aged 6-13 years from nine different cities in Colombia (N = 454) were analyzed. Method: The design is exploratory and descriptive correlational cross-sectional. The study utilized a discrete free association task, instructing participants to respond to a critical word with the first five words that came to mind. The task covered 100 Spanish food words and 20 brands of food products. Results: J-values are presented by age, socioeconomic status, gender and grade level. The identification of significant similarities (p-value < .001) between the distributions of critical words and the most frequently emitted (f), highlighted the hedonic influence on children’s food preferences, identifying 20 frequent descriptors of pleasure or hedonic topics in food consumption, with terms such as sweet (f = 234) and rich (f = 104) standing out. Conclusions: The study observed a population misinterpretation of the concept healthy (f = 52) in relation to food. The analysis of semantic associations for the top 20 infant food brands, supported by Jaccard’s index, revealed ten significant connections for each brand. These findings suggest important implications for understanding organoleptic food and product learning processes in childhood. The study emphasizes the importance of addressing hedonic perceptions and fostering a more precise understanding of health-related concepts within the realm of children’s dietary preferences.

Resumen Introducción: Este estudio experimental, centrado en el desarrollo cognitivo infantil y su relación con la nutrición, analizó las asociaciones semánticas de niños y niñas de nueve diferentes ciudades en Colombia con edades comprendidas entre 6 y 13 años (N = 454). Método: Esta investigación tiene un diseño exploratorio, descriptivo correlacional transeccional, basado en una tarea de asociación libre discreta, que consistió en instruir a los participantes para que respondieran a una palabra crítica con las cinco primeras palabras que pensaran, abarcando 100 palabras de alimentos en español y 20 marcas de productos alimenticios. Resultados: Se muestra el valor J por edad, estrato socioeconómico, género y grado académico. Las similitudes significativas (p-value < .001) entre las distribuciones de palabras críticas y las emitidas con mayor frecuencia (f) destacaron la influencia hedónica en las preferencias alimenticias de los niños. En efecto, se identificaron 20 descriptores frecuentes del placer o tópicos hedónicos en el consumo de alimentos, sobresaliendo términos como dulce (f =234) y rico (f = 104). Conclusiones: Se observó una interpretación errónea de la población sobre el significado del concepto saludable (f = 52) en relación con la alimentación. El análisis de las asociaciones semánticas para las 20 principales marcas de alimentos infantiles, respaldado por el índice de Jaccard, proporcionó diez conexiones significativas por cada marca. Estos hallazgos sugieren implicaciones importantes para entender los procesos de aprendizaje organoléptico de alimentos y productos en la infancia, subrayando la necesidad de abordar las percepciones hedónicas y promover una comprensión más precisa de los conceptos relacionados con la salud en el contexto alimentario infantil.

The water resources within the lower section of the Upper Vaal catchment, where the Vaal Barrage is situated, are highly utilised and developed, and water quality regulation has become a contested space between resource users and the regulators. The credibility and scientific defensibility of discharge standards in water-use licences (WULs), the relationship between upstream and downstream waste loads, the relationship between flows and water quality standards in WUL, and the water quality components of the resource quality objectives (RQOs) are being contested. This study explores the perceptions and motivations underlying these contestations as a contribution to scientific understanding of water quality management in a highly developed system. Perceived unrealistic RQOs, perceived lack of scientific credibility of the methods for deriving water quality standards in WUL, data inadequacy, as well as poor institutional capacity were identified as the top motivations for contesting applicable regulatory instruments in the catchment. Punitive measures, incentives, and education and awareness-raising were identified as key to accelerating compliance. Overall, this paper contributes to our general understanding of the intricacies of water quality management within a contested space. SIGNIFICANCE: Water quality management in South Africa is increasingly becoming a contested space, particularly in catchments that are highly developed and utilised. The findings in this study imply that (1) there is a need for a multi-pronged approach to increase water quality compliance, (2) there is a need for trust within the regulatory system to foster confidence among actors and stakeholders, and (3) transparent, open processes and scientifically credible and defensible methods, and data are needed for deriving standards in water-use licences (WULs).

Abstract: The ritual ceremony of the Papantla flyers is a pre-Hispanic cultural practice performed since 600 B. C. by various indigenous peoples of Mexico and Central America. This intricate ceremony comprises multiple stages, with the most notable being “the flight,” where a group of five individuals ascend a tall mast, known as the flying pole, to perform songs and dances from the top. Tied by their feet with ropes, the flyers then descend in concentric circles until they reach the ground. This article focuses on two contemporary practices in Mexico: one at the Xcaret Tourist Park in Quintana Roo, and the other in the municipality of Papantla, Veracruz. The aim is to compare these practices to highlight the tensions between colonial legacies and community resistance. Using the method of montage, we analyze two dialectical images across different dimensions: spaces, times, technical-material contents, participating social subjects, and the objectivity of the practice itself. The results reveal the tension between the colonial persistence of capitalist modernity-manifested in the commodification and patrimonialization of the practice-and community resistance, demonstrated through the revival of memories and traditions. While this research focuses on two specific practices, the methodological and analytical approach can be applied to other activities within the ritual flyers ceremony, or to other cultural practices recognized as intangible cultural heritage. This study contributes to the field of critical heritage studies.

Resumo: A cerimônia ritual dos voadores é uma prática cultural pré-hispânica realizada desde 600 a. C. por vários povos indígenas do México e da América Central. Em geral, a cerimônia ritual é um processo complexo composto de vários momentos; no entanto, a parte mais distinta, conhecida como “o voo”, consiste em um grupo de cinco pessoas que sobem até o topo de um poste, chamado palo volador, para oferecer canções e danças do alto. Depois, amarrados pelos pés por uma corda, os voadores se penduram e descem em círculos concêntricos até retornarem ao solo. Este artigo se limita ao estudo de duas das práticas atualmente celebradas no México: no Parque Turístico Xcaret, em Quintana Roo, e no município de Papantla, em Veracruz. O objetivo do texto é comparar os dois exercícios a fim de expor as tensões que surgem entre as persistências coloniais e as resistências comunitárias. Para isso, utilizando o método de montagem, propomos analisar duas imagens dialéticas sob diferentes dimensões, a saber: os espaços, os tempos, os conteúdos técnico-materiais, os sujeitos sociais que participam e a objetividade que a própria prática adquire. Os resultados da montagem expressam a tensão entre a persistência colonial da modernidade capitalista, por meio da tendência de mercantilizar e patrimonializar a prática, e as resistências da comunidade, por meio da atualização de suas memórias e tradições na prática. Embora a pesquisa examine apenas duas práticas concretas, a proposta metodológica e analítica pode ser estendida a outras atividades da cerimônia de dança dos panfletos (ritual de los voladores) ou, ainda, a outras práticas culturais reconhecidas como patrimônio cultural imaterial da humanidade, de modo que o texto contribui para o campo dos estudos críticos do patrimônio.

Resumen: La ceremonia ritual de los voladores es una práctica cultural prehispánica realizada desde el año 600 a. C., por diversos pueblos indígenas de México y Centroamérica. En general, la ceremonia ritual es un proceso complejo compuesto por múltiples momentos; empero, la parte más distinguida conocida como “el vuelo” consiste en que un grupo de cinco personas suben a lo alto de un mástil, llamado palo volador, para ofrecer cantos y danzas desde lo alto. Más adelante, atados de los pies por una cuerda, los voladores cuelgan y descienden en círculos concéntricos hasta regresar al suelo. Este artículo se limita al estudio de dos de las prácticas que se celebran actualmente en México: en el parque turístico de Xcaret, Quintana Roo, y en el municipio de Papantla, Veracruz. El objetivo del texto es comparar ambos ejercicios para exponer las tensiones que emergen entre las persistencias coloniales y las resistencias comunitarias. Para ello, mediante el método del montaje proponemos analizar dos imágenes dialécticas bajo diferentes dimensiones, a saber: los espacios, los tiempos, los contenidos técnico-materiales, los sujetos sociales que participan y la objetividad que adquiere la propia práctica. Los resultados del montaje expresan la tensión entre la persistencia colonial de la modernidad capitalista, por medio de la tendencia a la mercantilización y patrimonialización de la práctica, y las resistencias comunitarias gracias a la actualización de sus memorias y tradiciones en la práctica. En tanto la investigación revisa únicamente dos prácticas concretas, la propuesta metodológica y analítica puede extenderse a otras actividades de la ceremonia ritual de los voladores o, también, a otras prácticas culturales reconocidas como patrimonio cultural inmaterial de la humanidad, por lo que el texto contribuye al campo de los estudios críticos del patrimonio.

ABSTRACT The existing methodological diversity for locating vulnerability in cities has not succeeded in defining a method that guarantees perfect identification. Among the traditional procedures, we can distinguish between top-down methods, with a regional scale and based predominantly on quantitative procedures of a statistical nature, and bottom-up methods, with a local approach of a qualitative profile. Statistical methods lose effectiveness as the scale of analysis is reduced, and qualitative methods lose effectiveness as the scale of analysis increases. Faced with this paradox, the main contribution of the research is the MIUV (Mixed Identification for Urban Vulnerability) method, which progressively links different levels of integration of the two perspectives, to take advantage of both benefits. The effectiveness of the proposed method has been tested in a specific area of the Valencian Community, where the location of the most disadvantaged environments has been outlined with greater precision at each step.

RESUMEN La diversidad metodológica existente para localizar vulnerabilidad en ciudades no ha conseguido todavía definir un método que garantice una identificación perfecta. Entre los procedimientos tradicionales, distinguimos métodos top-down, de escala regional y basados predominantemente en procedimientos cuantitativos de corte estadístico, y bottom-up, con una aproximación local de perfil cualitativo. Los métodos estadísticos pierden eficacia al reducirse la escala de análisis y los cualitativos, al incrementarla. Frente a esta paradoja, el aporte principal de la investigación es el método IMVU, Identificación Mixta de Vulnerabilidad Urbana, que encadena de forma progresiva distintos niveles de integración de las dos perspectivas, para tratar de aprovechar las bondades de ambas. Se ha comprobado la eficacia del método propuesto sobre un espacio concreto de la Comunitat Valenciana, donde se ha ido perfilando, con más precisión en cada paso, la ubicación de los entornos más desfavorecidos.

BACKGROUND: Despite benefits, structured mentorship needs to be better recognised within health profession training institutions (HPI) in Southern Africa (SA). Given the need to transform faculties and retain skilled personnel, mentoring programmes can be used to address these needs and warrant further exploration OBJECTIVE: To explore mentorship models within HPI in SA METHODS: During the annual South African Health Educationalists Conference (SAAHE) in 2022, five academics from HPIs in the region conducted an interactive national workshop on mentorship in health professions education. Following a presentation on mentorship models, participants were allowed to share their perspectives on current mentorship practices, gaps and recommendations for enhancing mentorship. Key concepts and themes generated are reported RESULTS: Three key approaches to mentorship models were identified during the workshop. These were 'top-down', 'ad-hoc' and 'supportive' approaches. Mentorship models were largely self-initiated and followed a traditional dyadic style with little innovation. Mandatory 'top-down', over-regulated programmes compared with 'grassroots' approaches were the two extremes reflected on the spectrum of models. While the benefits of mentorship were recognised, institution-wide implementation is lacking, reflecting varied or no widescale adoption. Mentorship could serve as a focused, formal strategy to ensure the demographic transformation of HPIs. Recommendations were made to measure the effectiveness of mentorship programmes against academic promotion criteria and research outputs CONCLUSION: While mentorship is positively viewed as a means to ensure improved equity and outputs, practical implementation is lacking. Mentorship programmes require further exploration of models and processes to facilitate successful implementation

ABSTRACT This contribution presents the study of an Ordovician subaqueous felsic succession, formed by the ~400 m-thick Upper Member of the Cordón de Lila Complex (CISL), northern Chile. From bottom to top, the succession starts with two dacitic sills that intruded into the sediments of the lowermost part of the Upper Member. Then, it is followed by a thick sedimentary deposit, two rhyolitic lavas, a volcanoclastic felsic breccia with pyroclastic clasts, and ends with a red rhyolitic lava. The first rhyolitic lava shows centimetric to metric folds with a north-northwestern vergence, evidence of flow in that direction. In the volcanoclastic breccia, an abundant pumice-and-fiamme-rich green matrix wraps around lithic clasts, giving the rock an eutaxitic texture at the outcrop scale. This matrix and texture evidence is characteristic of hot pyroclastic flows deposited under subaqueous conditions. The described section of the breccia is formed by four coarsening-up sequences, reflecting respectively four pulses of building up energy. The lack of internal erosional features points to a single and continuous explosive eruption. An accidental granite clast in the upper part of the breccia suggests a connection with a granitic body, possibly the Pingo-Pingo monzogranite. The geochemical character of the felsic succession is calc-alkaline. The tectonic setting diagram shows a within-plate setting for the succession. This suggests a shift from the arc position inferred for the Lower Member of the CISL to a forearc continental setting for the Upper Member of the CISL.

RESUMEN Este trabajo presenta una sucesión subacuática félsica ordovícica, formada por el miembro superior del Complejo ígneo-sedimentario del Cordón de Lila (CISL), el que posee un espesor de ~400 m. De base a techo, la sucesión incluye dos filones-manto dacíticos, intruidos en sedimentos de la parte inferior de dicho miembro. Luego presenta un intervalo de sedimentitas, dos lavas riolíticas y una brecha volcanoclástica félsica con clastos piroclásticos. La secuencia finaliza con una lava riolítica rojiza. El primer flujo de lava riolítica contiene pliegues métricos a centimétricos con vergencia hacia el nornoroeste, lo que indica un flujo en ese sentido. La brecha tiene una abundante matriz verdosa formada por fiamme y pómez soldadas que rodean a los clastos líticos, y otorgan a la brecha una conspicua textura eutaxítica. El tipo de matriz y la textura observadas son características de flujos piroclásticos calientes depositados en ambientes submarinos. La sección descrita de la brecha puede dividirse en cuatro secuencias granocrecientes, las cuales reflejan, respectivamente, cuatro pulsos de energía creciente. La ausencia de discontinuidades internas apunta a una única erupción explosiva. La presencia de un clasto accidental de granito en la brecha sugiere una conexión con un intrusivo granítico en profundidad, posiblemente el monzogranito Pingo-Pingo. La afinidad geoquímica de la sucesión es calcoalcalina. En el diagrama de ambientes tectónicos, las volcanitas del miembro superior caen dentro del campo de intraplaca. Esto sugiere un cambio desde un ambiente de arco volcánico para el miembro inferior del CISL a una posición de antearco continental para el miembro superior del CISL.

ABSTRACT This article investigates regional specificities of coronelism in the First Republic based on the historical experience of Goiás. A significant part of Brazilian legal and political historiography adhered to Victor Nunes Leal’s thesis, according to which the republican coronelism, more than an expression of the private power of the coronels, would signify their weakness in a context of increasing state institutionality. The coronels would fight, with all means, to take over the public machine, starting to distribute its benefits to friends and its rigors to enemies. However, investigating the case of Goiás, based on the novel O tronco, by Bernardo Élis, with other documents from the period, Leal’s thesis cannot explain the hypertrophy of the private power of the coronels in northern Goiás, that ignored or forcibly subjugated state power, with its laws, judges, police, etc. In conclusion, coronelism had different expressions in Brazil, which requires the differentiation of its specificities. Goiás Leals Leal s institutionality fight means machine enemies However tronco Élis period laws judges police etc conclusion Brazil

RESUMO Este artigo investiga especificidades regionais do coronelismo da Primeira República a partir da experiência histórica de Goiás. Parte significativa da historiografia jurídica e política brasileira aderiu à tese de Victor Nunes Leal, para a qual o coronelismo republicano, mais do que expressão do poder privado dos coronéis, significaria a fraqueza deles em um contexto de incremento do aparato estatal. Os coronéis lutariam para se empossarem da máquina pública, passando a distribuir os seus benefícios aos amigos e os seus rigores aos inimigos. Porém, investigando o caso goiano a partir do romance O tronco, de Bernardo Élis, junto com outros documentos da época, a tese de Leal não consegue explicar a hipertrofia do poder privado dos coronéis do norte de Goiás, que ignorava ou subjugava à força o poder estatal, com suas leis, juízes, polícia etc. Conclui-se que o coronelismo teve expressões diferentes no Brasil, o que exige a diferenciação de suas especificidades. Goiás republicano estatal pública inimigos Porém tronco Élis época leis juízes etc Concluise Conclui Brasil

Resumen: Este estudio se lleva a cabo para identificar los principales riesgos en los proyectos de construcción en Palestina desde la perspectiva de los contratistas. Una encuesta con cuestionario es la herramienta utilizada para lograr los objetivos del estudio. Se identificaron y clasificaron como factores externos e internos, 41 factores de riesgo críticos en los proyectos asociados con la duración del proyecto. Un mapa de riesgos para las causas investigadas se creó en base a su gravedad percibida y frecuencia de ocurrencia. Los hallazgos revelaron 29 causas en la zona roja del mapa de riesgos, 11 en la zona amarilla y 1 en la zona verde. Los factores de riesgo más graves son: pagos atrasados por parte del propietario, cierre por parte de las autoridades, mala supervisión del sitio, segmentación de las gobernaciones palestinas, pagos tardíos a subcontratistas, órdenes de cambio por ajustes frecuentes del propietario, falta de mano de obra calificada, fecha de finalización irrealista de los proyectos, condiciones climáticas y rehacer el trabajo debido a incumplimiento de los documentos del contrato.

Abstract: This study is conducted to identify the main risks in construction projects in Palestine from the contractors’ perspective. A questionnaire survey is the tool used to achieve the objectives of the study. 41 critical risk factors in projects associated with project duration were identified and classified as external and internal factors. The risk map for the investigated causes is created based on their perceived severity and frequency of occurrence. The findings revealed 29 causes in the red zone of the risk map, 11 in the yellow zone and 1 in the green zone. The top severe risk factors are: delayed payments by the owner, closure by the authorities, poor site supervision, segmentation of the Palestinian governorates, late payments to subcontractors, change orders by frequent adjustments of the owner, lack of qualified labors, unrealistic completion date of projects, weather conditions, and rework due to noncompliance with contract documents.

Abstract Introduction. Knotting is one of the essential surgical skills and vitally important processes that depends on its correct execution. The acquisition of these skills requires motor work, friendly and realistic environments. A strategy to facilitate learning the knotting technique is to generate accessible simulation instruments. Methods. A surgical knot simulator is presented, built with low-budget materials and affordable for the general population, with a budget of approximately $5,000 COP (US$ 1.23). Results. A surgical knot simulator has been developed in a way that, when attached to the thigh of a lower extremity from a seated position, provides a stable surface to effectively perform knot tying practice. Conclusion. Modern surgery considers patient safety as the top priority, so it is no longer appropriate to adopt a “see one, do one, teach one” training method. Constant practice using simulators is the most appropriate method. This work presents an alternative for uninterrupted learning of surgical techniques related to knots.

Resumen Introducción. Anudar es una de las habilidades quirúrgicas esenciales y de su correcta ejecución dependen procesos de vital importancia. La adquisición de estas competencias requiere trabajo motor, entornos amigables y realistas. Una estrategia para facilitar el aprendizaje de la técnica de anudado es generar instrumentos de simulación accesibles. Métodos. Se presenta un simulador de nudos quirúrgicos, construido con materiales de bajo costo y asequibles para la población en general, con un presupuesto de aproximadamente $5.000 COP (US$ 1,23). Resultados. Se desarrolló un simulador de nudos quirúrgicos que, al fijarse a la extremidad inferior desde una posición sentada, proporciona una superficie estable para llevar a cabo la práctica de anudado de manera efectiva. Conclusión. La cirugía moderna considera la seguridad del paciente como la principal prioridad, por lo que ya no es apropiado adoptar un método de formación de “ver uno, hacer uno, enseñar uno”. Es la práctica constante mediante simuladores, el método más adecuado. Este trabajo presenta una alternativa de aprendizaje ininterrumpido de las técnicas quirúrgicas relacionadas con los nudos.

ABSTRACT Public procurement is crucial for the proper functioning of a country, but unfortunately, it can face problems that undermine its efficiency and transparency. For this reason, this research analyzes the top 23 companies that sold over $2.21 billion to the Ecuadorian government between 2015 and 2020. A descriptive methodology and a quantitative approach were used to classify the companies based on their origin, economic activity, and financial situation. The results reveal that 67% of these companies are of Ecuadorian origin. In terms of their financial situation, although they have a strong liquidity position, financing expenses completely dilute their profits, resulting in a negative net profit margin. This finding suggests the need to establish public policies that promote the diversification of economic sectors and the implementation of effective financial management strategies in contracting companies to improve their profitability and long-term financial sustainability.

RESUMEN La contratación pública es crucial para el buen funcionamiento de un país, pero desafortunadamente puede enfrentar problemas que perjudican su eficiencia y transparencia. Por este motivo, esta investigación analiza las 23 principales empresas que entre 2015 y 2020 vendieron más de 2.21 mil millones de dólares con el Estado ecuatoriano. Se utilizó una metodología descriptiva y un enfoque cuantitativo para clasificar a las empresas según su origen, actividad económica y situación financiera. Los resultados revelan que el 67% de estas empresas son de origen ecuatoriano. En cuanto a su situación financiera, aunque tienen una posición sólida en términos de liquidez, los gastos del financiamiento diluyen en su totalidad las utilidades, generando una rentabilidad neta de ventas negativa. Este hallazgo sugiere la necesidad de establecer políticas públicas que promuevan la diversificación de los sectores económicos y la implementación de estrategias de gestión financiera efectivas en las empresas contratistas para mejorar su rentabilidad y sostenibilidad financiera en el largo plazo.