RESUMO: O tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.) é uma fruta rica em nutrientes e com alto teor de ácido glutâmico, tornando-o uma fonte adequada para a produção de ácido γ-aminobutírico (GABA) através da ação de bactérias ácido lácticas (BAL). As BAL desempenham um papel fundamental na fermentação láctica, melhorando o sabor e o valor nutricional dos produtos alimentares, contribuindo frequentemente para os seus benefícios para a saúde. Este estudo teve como objetivo isolar BAL produtoras de GABA de tomates e avaliar seu potencial para a produção de suco de tomate fermentado enriquecido com GABA. Os resultados indicam o isolamento de 15 cepas de BAL a partir de amostras de cinco tomates diferentes. Todas essas cepas demonstraram capacidade de produzir GABA, com níveis variando de 1,732 a 3,113 mg/mL, conforme determinado por cromatografia em camada delgada (CCD). Através de sequenciamento, a cepa promissora TO42, identificada como Weissella cibaria, foi selecionada para fermentação de suco de tomate. Além disso, o suco de tomate enriquecido com GABA foi fermentado com sucesso a 15 °Brix por 72 h, resultando no maior teor registrado de GABA e ácido láctico de 9.185 ± 0.398 mg/mL e 13.05 ± 1.56 g/L, respectivamente. RESUMO Solanum L. L glutâmico tornandoo tornando γaminobutírico γ aminobutírico (GABA BAL. . (BAL) láctica alimentares saúde 1 diferentes 1732 732 1,73 3113 3 113 3,11 mgmL mg mL CCD. CCD (CCD) sequenciamento TO42 TO cibaria disso Brix 7 h 9185 9 185 9.18 0398 0 398 0.39 1305 13 05 13.0 156 56 1.5 gL g g/L respectivamente (BAL 173 73 1,7 311 11 3,1 (CCD TO4 918 18 9.1 039 39 0.3 130 13. 5 1. 17 1, 31 3, 91 9. 03 0.

ABSTRACT: Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) are nutrient-rich fruits with a high glutamic acid content, making them a suitable source for producing γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) through the action of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). LAB plays a pivotal role in lactic fermentation, enhancing the taste and nutritional value of food products, often contributing to their health benefits. This study isolated GABA-producing LAB from tomatoes and assessed their potential for producing GABA-enriched fermented tomato juice. The results indicated the isolation of 15 LAB strains from the samples of five different tomatoes. All of these strains demonstrated the capability to produce GABA, with levels ranging from 1.732 to 3.113 mg/mL, as determined using thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Through sequencing, the promising strain TO42, identified as Weissella cibaria, was selected for tomato juice fermentation. Furthermore, GABA-enriched tomato juice was successfully fermented at 15 °Brix for 72 h, resulting in the highest recorded GABA and lactic acid content of 9.185 ± 0.398 mg/mL and 13.05 ± 1.56 g/L, respectively. ABSTRACT Solanum L. L nutrientrich nutrient rich γaminobutyric γ aminobutyric (GABA LAB. . (LAB) fermentation products benefits GABAproducing GABAenriched enriched 1 1732 732 1.73 3113 3 113 3.11 mgmL mg mL thinlayer thin layer TLC. TLC (TLC) sequencing TO42 TO cibaria Furthermore Brix 7 h 9185 9 185 9.18 0398 0 398 0.39 1305 13 05 13.0 156 56 1.5 gL g g/L respectively (LAB 173 73 1.7 311 11 3.1 (TLC TO4 918 18 9.1 039 39 0.3 130 13. 5 1. 17 31 3. 91 9. 03 0.

ABSTRACT The goal of this investigation was to study the influence of different values of Temperature-Humidity index (THI) on the duration of lying down and feed consumption, productivity, and heat production by dairy cows in two variants of feedlots (with and without shelters). The study was conducted from February 2007 to early August 2021 in the central part of Ukraine (Kyiv region) in different periods of THI. This index was divided into three categories: 1) 66-71: normal (14 days); 2) 72-79: alert (11 days); 3) ≥ 80: dangerous (9 days). Two variants of feedlots were selected: Open feedlot with shelters and open feedlot without shelters. The largest increase in values of THI affecting the cows was observed in open feedlots without shelters. There, in alert and danger periods duration of feed consumption decreased by 8.0 and 23.1 min, lying down by 17 and 38 min, productivity by 2.3 kg (or 8.77%) and 3.6 kg (or 13.74%), energy consumption by 4.7 and 9.6 MJ, respectively, in comparison to normal period.

RESUMEN El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la influencia de diferentes valores de Índice temperatura-humedad (IHT) sobre el tiempo de reposo y el consumo de alimento, la productividad y la producción de calor de las vacas lecheras en dos variantes de feedlots (con y sin refugio). El estudio se llevó a cabo desde febrero de 2007 hasta principios de agosto de 2021 en la parte central de Ucrania (región de Kiev) en diferentes períodos de IHT. El índice se dividió en tres categorías: 1) 66-71: normal (14 días); 2) 72-79: alerta (11 días); 3) >80: peligroso (9 días). Se seleccionaron dos variantes de feedlots: abierto con sombra y abierto sin sombra. El mayor aumento en los valores de IHT que afectaron a las vacas se observó en los corrales de engorda abiertos sin sombras. Allí, en periodos de alerta y peligro, la duración del consumo de alimento disminuyó en 8.0 y 23.1 min, acostado en 17 y 38 min, la productividad en 2.3 kg (o 8.77%) y 3.6 kg (o 13.74%), el consumo de energía en 4.7 y 9.6 MJ, respectivamente, en comparación con el periodo normal.

ABSTRACT Climate change continues to influence global ecosystems, raising concerns for livestock. This study assesses the impacts of climate change on broiler chickens in northern Tunisia, focusing on well-being and mortality rates during summer. Historical data from the NRMCM5.1 and MPIESM1.2 models, were utilized, covering 1970 to 1997. Projections for 2041-2070 under the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 emissions scenarios were examined, providing insight into future challenges. The Temperature-Humidity Index (THI) and Temperature-Humidity-Velocity Index (THVI) served as thermal comfort indicators. The research utilized temperature and relative air humidity data from two models and scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) as inputs for the DCP system, thus evaluating comfort parameters (THI and THVI). The analysis involved calculating annual temperature and humidity averages at the system’s output for each grid and region. Historical and projected data were employed to assess mortality levels by identifying heatwave periods, which had an average duration of 2.7 consecutive days with THI exceeding 30.6°C. The analysis showed significant increases in THI and THVI in the RCP8.5 pessimistic scenario, indicating a risk of heat stress. Mortality rates were used as a measure of the vulnerability of the poultry industry to climate change, and the projections showed substantial average increases of 2.2°C for THI and 1.5°C for THVI.. The RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios predicted an increase in mortality for the period 2041-2070, with averages increasing from 0.8 to 1.3 for RCP8.5 and from 0.6 to 1.1 for RCP4.5, highlighting the need for adaptation strategies to ensure sustainability in poultry farming. ecosystems livestock Tunisia wellbeing well being summer NRMCM51 NRMCM NRMCM5 1 NRMCM5. MPIESM12 MPIESM MPIESM1 2 MPIESM1. 197 1997 20412070 2041 2070 2041-207 RCP45 RCP RCP4 5 RCP4. RCP85 RCP8 RCP8. examined challenges TemperatureHumidity Temperature Humidity TemperatureHumidityVelocity Velocity (THVI indicators (RCP4. system THVI. . THVI) systems s region periods 27 7 2. 306C C 30 6 30.6°C scenario stress 22C 15C 20412070, 2070, 08 0 8 0. 13 3 1. 06 11 farming 19 199 2041207 204 207 2041-20 (RCP4 204120 20 2041-2 (RCP 20412 2041-

ABSTRACT Purpose: to identify the profile of tinnitus research in Brazil and the main procedures adopted by professionals in the field in the national territory. Methods: an observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional study, in which an active search was made on digital platforms to identify researchers in Brazil who have tinnitus as a study focus. After identifying the tinnitus study groups, an online Form was sent to the researchers comprising 21 questions, so as to know the works in development. The collected responses were extracted and tabulated intoMicrosoft Excel Professional Plus2019 through the absolute and relative frequency measurements of the final sample. Results: 117 researchers were identified, of these, 21 participated in the study, being (90.5%) females, specifically from public universities (81%) in the Southeast region of Brazil (47.7%). These professionals develop clinical research (76.1%), focusing on therapies and/or treatments (38.1%), and use sound therapy (52.38%) as the main technological resource of their studies. Conclusion: the research profile is clinical, with a main focus on therapies and/or treatments for tinnitus. As for the procedures, there is a predominant application of the Visual Analogue Scale- VAS and the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory- THI as evaluation protocols and sound therapy as the main technological resource of their studies. Purpose territory Methods observational descriptive crosssectional cross sectional groups 2 questions development Plus Plus201 sample Results 11 identified these 90.5% 905 90 5 (90.5% females 81% 81 (81% 47.7%. 477 47.7% . 47 7 (47.7%) 76.1%, 761 76.1% , 76 1 (76.1%) andor or 38.1%, 381 38.1% 38 (38.1%) 52.38% 5238 52 (52.38% studies Conclusion Scale Inventory Plus20 90.5 9 (90.5 8 (81 47.7 4 (47.7% 76.1 (76.1% 38.1 3 (38.1% 52.38 523 (52.38 Plus2 90. (90. (8 47. (47.7 76. (76.1 38. (38.1 52.3 (52.3 (90 ( (47. (76. (38. 52. (52. (9 (47 (76 (38 (52 (4 (7 (3 (5

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar o perfil das pesquisas sobre zumbido realizadas no Brasil e os principais procedimentos adotados pelos profissionais da área em território nacional. Métodos: estudo de caráter observacional, descritivo e transversal, em que foi feita uma busca ativa em plataformas digitais para identificar pesquisadores no Brasil que têm o zumbido como foco de estudo. Após a identificação dos grupos de estudo sobre zumbido, foi enviado aos pesquisadores um formulário online composto por 21 questões, com o intuito de conhecer os trabalhos em desenvolvimento. As respostas coletadas foram extraídas e tabuladas no Microsoft Excel professional plus 2019 por meio das medidas de frequência absoluta e relativa da amostra final. Resultados: foram identificados 117 pesquisadores, destes, 21 participaram do estudo, sendo (90,5%) do sexo feminino, especificamente de universidades públicas (81%) da região Sudeste do Brasil (47,7%). Esses profissionais desenvolvem pesquisas clínicas (76,1%), com foco em terapias e/ou tratamentos (38,1%) e utilizam a terapia sonora (52,38%) como recurso tecnológico principal de seus estudos. Conclusão: o perfil das pesquisas é do tipo clínico, com foco principal em terapias e/ou tratamentos para o zumbido. Quanto aos procedimentos, há o predomínio de aplicação da Escala Visual Analógica- EVA e do Tinnitus Handicap Inventory-THI como protocolos de avaliação e a terapia sonora como recurso tecnológico principal de seus estudos. Objetivo nacional Métodos observacional transversal 2 questões desenvolvimento 201 final Resultados 11 destes 90,5% 905 90 5 (90,5% feminino 81% 81 (81% 47,7%. 477 47,7% . 47 7 (47,7%) 76,1%, 761 76,1% , 76 1 (76,1%) eou ou 38,1% 381 38 (38,1% 52,38% 5238 52 (52,38% estudos Conclusão clínico Analógica InventoryTHI Inventory THI 20 90,5 9 (90,5 8 (81 47,7 4 (47,7% 76,1 (76,1% 38,1 3 (38,1 52,38 523 (52,38 90, (90, (8 47, (47,7 76, (76,1 38, (38, 52,3 (52,3 (90 ( (47, (76, (38 52, (52, (9 (47 (76 (3 (52 (4 (7 (5

ABSTRACT: This study determined the extraction conditions, chemical composition, and antimicrobial activities of the essential oils of Citrus nobilis. The results illustrated that soaking in the 9% (w/v) NaCl solution for 2 h with a sample and solvent ratio of 1:3 (w/v) and a subsequent extraction time of 45 min yielded the highest extraction efficiency, reaching 3.66% (w/w). The main chemical components of the essential oils were limonene (90.42%), β-myrcene (4.7%), and α-pinene (1.22%). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) at the density of 5x104, 5x105, and 5x106 cells/mL of Escherichia coli were 100, 125, and 125 mg/mL, respectively; for Staphylococcus aureus were 75, 100, and 125 mg/mL, respectively; and for Bacillus cereus were 50, 75, and 100 mg/mL, respectively. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) at densities of 5x104, 5x105, 5x106 cells/mL of E. coli were 175, 225, 225 mg/mL, S. aureus were 150, 200, 225 mg/mL, and B. cereus were 125, 175, 200 mg/mL, respectively. The inhibitory activities of Aspergillus flavus of orange essential oils according to the agar dilution method at concentrations of 0.025-0.1%) on the 5th day were 8.84-30.61%. ABSTRACT conditions composition nobilis 9 w/v wv w v (w/v 13 1 3 1: 4 efficiency 366 66 3.66 w/w. ww w/w . (w/w) 90.42%, 9042 90.42% , 90 42 (90.42%) βmyrcene β myrcene 4.7%, 47 4.7% 7 (4.7%) αpinene α pinene 1.22%. 122 1.22% 22 (1.22%) MIC (MIC 5x104 x 5x105 5x10 cellsmL cells mL 12 mgmL mg mg/mL respectively 75 50 10 MBC (MBC E 175 S 150 B 20 0.0250.1% 002501 0.025 0.1% 0 025 0.025-0.1% th 8.8430.61%. 8843061 8.84 30.61%. 8 84 30 61 8.84-30.61% 36 6 3.6 (w/w 904 90.42 (90.42% 4.7 (4.7% 1.22 (1.22% 5x1 5 17 15 0250 0.0250.1 00250 0025 0.02 01 0.1 02 0.025-0.1 8430 8.8430.61% 884306 884 8.8 3061 30.61% 8.84-30.61 3. 90.4 (90.42 4. (4.7 1.2 (1.22 5x 0.0250. 002 0.0 0. 0.025-0. 843 8.8430.61 88430 88 8. 306 30.61 8.84-30.6 90. (90.4 (4. 1. (1.2 0.0250 00 0.025-0 8.8430.6 8843 30.6 8.84-30. (90. (4 (1. 0.025- 8.8430. 30. 8.84-30 (90 ( (1 8.8430 8.84-3 (9 8.843 8.84-

RESUMO: Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar as condições de extração, composição química e atividades antimicrobianas dos óleos essenciais de Citrus nobilis. Os resultados demonstram que a imersão na solução de NaCl a 9% (p/v) por 2 h com uma proporção de amostra e solvente de 1:3 (p/v) e um tempo de extração subsequente de 45 min produziu a maior eficiência de extração, atingindo 3,66 % (p/p). Os principais componentes químicos dos óleos essenciais foram limoneno (90,42%), β-mirceno (4,7%) e α-pineno (1,22%). A concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) na densidade de 5x104, 5x105 e 5x106 células/mL de Escherichia coli foram 100, 125 e 125 mg/mL, respectivamente, e para Staphylococcus aureus foram 75, 100 e 125 mg/mL, respectivamente, e para Bacillus cereus foram 50, 75 e 100 mg/mL, respectivamente. A concentração bactericida mínima (MBC) em densidades de 5x104, 5x105, 5x106 células/mL de E. coli foram 175, 225, 225 mg/mL, S. aureus foram 150, 200, 225 mg/mL e B. cereus foram 125, 175, 200 mg/mL, respectivamente. As atividades inibitórias de Aspergillus flavus dos óleos essenciais de laranja, de acordo com o método de diluição em ágar nas concentrações 0,025-0,1%, no dia cinco foram 8,84-30,61%. RESUMO nobilis 9 p/v pv p v (p/v 13 1 3 1: 4 366 66 3,6 p/p. pp p/p . (p/p) 90,42%, 9042 90,42% , 90 42 (90,42%) βmirceno β mirceno 4,7% 47 7 (4,7% αpineno α pineno 1,22%. 122 1,22% 22 (1,22%) CIM (CIM 5x104 x 5x10 célulasmL células mL 12 mgmL mg respectivamente 10 50 MBC (MBC E 175 S 150 B 20 laranja 0,0250,1%, 002501 0,025 0,1%, 0 025 0,025-0,1% 8,8430,61%. 8843061 8,84 30,61%. 8 84 30 61 8,84-30,61% 36 6 3, (p/p 904 90,42 (90,42% 4,7 (4,7 1,22 (1,22% 5x1 5 17 15 0250 0,0250,1% 00250 0025 0,02 01 0,1% 02 0,025-0,1 8430 8,8430,61% 884306 884 8,8 3061 30,61% 8,84-30,61 90,4 (90,42 4, (4, 1,2 (1,22 5x 0,0250,1 002 0,0 0,1 0,025-0, 843 8,8430,61 88430 88 8, 306 30,61 8,84-30,6 90, (90,4 (4 1, (1,2 0,0250, 00 0, 0,025-0 8,8430,6 8843 30,6 8,84-30, (90, ( (1, 0,0250 0,025- 8,8430, 30, 8,84-30 (90 (1 8,8430 8,84-3 (9 8,843 8,84-

Abstract This study aimed to calculate the temperature and humidity indexes (THIs) derived from extremely high air temperatures during the months of December 2021, January, and February 2022 in Rio Grande do Sul. The main goal was to characterize and regionalize potential impacts on dairy production. We used hourly measurements of temperature and relative humidity from 28 meteorological stations of the INMET/SIMAGRO/SEAPI network. These data cover ten ecoclimatic regions of the state. THI and Estimated Milk Loss (EML) were calculated, with the daily number of hours classified under each THI category during the trimester by municipality and region. The effects of region and month on THI and EML were evaluated through analysis of variance at a 5% significance level. Differences between means were compared using the Tukey HSD test (P<0.05). The probability of each daily hour having a THI in thermal discomfort (THI>70) was determined through analysis of variance for binomial variables by region, with the observed effect of time (P<0.05), and means were compared using the non-parametric Bonferroni test at 5%. To group these data, we applied the ScottKnott test. The Baixo Vale do Uruguai stood out in the trimester with the highest THI values, indicating thermal discomfort. Conversely, no heat stress was indicated in the Serra do Nordeste. In all regions, the most frequent daily classification of thermal discomfort ranged from attention to alert, with January being particularly significant. The highest EML estimates for most of the eight production levels were recorded in January. High estimates of productivity loss occurred in cows with higher milk production potential. THIs (THIs 2021 202 Sul 2 INMETSIMAGROSEAPI INMET SIMAGRO SEAPI network state (EML calculated 5 level P<0.05. P005 P P<0.05 . 0 05 (P<0.05) THI>70 THI70 70 (THI>70 P<0.05, , nonparametric non parametric values Conversely Nordeste alert significant 20 P00 P<0.0 (P<0.05 THI>7 THI7 7 (THI>7 P0 P<0. (P<0.0 THI> (THI> P<0 (P<0. (THI P< (P<0 (P< (P

Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi calcular o índice de temperatura e umidade (ITU), devido às temperaturas do ar extremamente elevadas durante os meses de dezembro 2021, janeiro e fevereiro 2022 no Rio Grande do Sul, para fins de caracterização e regionalização dos possíveis impactos na produção leiteira. Empregaram-se dados horários de temperatura e umidade relativa do ar de 28 estações meteorológicas da rede INMET/SIMAGRO/SEAPI, de dez regiões ecoclimáticas do Estado, calculando-se ITU e Perda Estimada de Leite (DPL), contabilizando-se número diário de horas em cada classificação do ITU, durante trimestre por município e região. Avaliou-se efeito da região e mês no ITU e DPL, pela análise de variância a 5% de significância. Detectadas diferenças entre médias, compararam-se pelo teste Tukey HSD (P<0,05). Verificou-se probabilidade de cada hora diária apresentar ITU em desconforto térmico (ITU>70), através da análise de variância para variáveis binomiais, por região; observado efeito de horário (P<0,05), médias foram comparadas pelo teste não paramétrico Bonferroni a 5%. Para agrupamento destas, usou-se o teste Scott-Knott. O Baixo Vale do Uruguai se destacou no trimestre com maiores valores do ITU, desconforto térmico, enquanto na Serra do Nordeste, não indicaram estresse calórico. Em todas as regiões, a classificação de desconforto térmico mais frequente, diariamente, foi de atenção até alerta, destacando-se o mês de janeiro. Maiores estimativas de DPL, para grande parte dos oito níveis de produção, registraram-se em janeiro. Elevadas estimativas de perda de produtividade, ocorreram em vacas com maior potencial de produção de leite. , (ITU) 2021 202 Sul leiteira Empregaramse Empregaram 2 INMETSIMAGROSEAPI INMET SIMAGRO SEAPI INMET/SIMAGRO/SEAPI Estado calculandose calculando DPL (DPL) contabilizandose contabilizando Avaliouse Avaliou 5 significância compararamse compararam P<0,05. P005 P P<0,05 . 0 05 (P<0,05) Verificouse Verificou ITU>70, ITU70 ITU>70 70 (ITU>70) binomiais P<0,05, destas usouse usou ScottKnott. ScottKnott Scott Knott. Knott Scott-Knott Nordeste calórico frequente diariamente alerta destacandose destacando registraramse registraram produtividade leite (ITU 20 (DPL P00 P<0,0 (P<0,05 ITU7 ITU>7 7 (ITU>70 P0 P<0, (P<0,0 ITU> (ITU>7 P<0 (P<0, (ITU> P< (P<0 (P< (P

Abstract Curcuma zedoaria is a traditional medicine used for various purposes in human life. The organic solvent extracts of this plant also exhibit antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti- cancer, anti-necrosis, and hepatoprotective properties. However, the prospect of employing this plant extract for skin whitening, particularly its molecular mechanism, has not been reported yet. Therefore, in this study, the total polyphenolic content, antioxidant activity, cytotoxicity, tyrosinase inhibitory, melanin inhibitory, and target gene expression using the ethyl acetate fraction of ethanolic extract from Curcuma zedoaria , were all examined. The TPC result of the sample was 42.18±2.25 mg GAE/g extract with impressive antioxidant activity. Half maximal inhibitory concentration value of 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay and Ferric reducing antioxidant power FRAP value at a concentration of 2.5 µg/mL were 49.06±0.29 µg/mL and 116±50 μM Fe2+/L, respectively. The extract had no cytotoxicity at 25 µg/mL, inhibited melanin production for 74.02±3.05% and tyrosinase for 137.45±1.38%. In particular, the extract demonstrated the ability to block the expression levels of four melanogenesis-related genes. Moreover, GCMS analysis results also detected 28 different compounds, with two new compounds accounting for a high proportion. These results suggested that C. zedoaria has a significant potential for application in skin-pigmentation treatment cosmetics. life antibacterial antiinflammatory, antiinflammatory anti inflammatory, inflammatory anti-inflammatory cancer antinecrosis, antinecrosis necrosis, necrosis anti-necrosis properties However whitening mechanism yet Therefore study content activity examined 4218225 42 18 2 42.18±2.2 GAEg GAE g 2,2Diphenyl1picrylhydrazyl 22Diphenyl1picrylhydrazyl Diphenylpicrylhydrazyl 2,2 Diphenyl 1 picrylhydrazyl 5 2. µgmL µg mL 4906029 49 06 0 29 49.06±0.2 11650 116 50 116±5 Fe2L FeL Fe2 L Fe Fe2+/L respectively 7402305 74 02 3 05 74.02±3.05 13745138 137 45 38 137.45±1.38% particular melanogenesisrelated melanogenesis related genes Moreover proportion C skinpigmentation pigmentation cosmetics 421822 4 42.18±2. 2Diphenyl1picrylhydrazyl 22 2, 490602 49.06±0. 1165 11 116± 740230 7 74.02±3.0 1374513 13 137.45±1.38 42182 42.18±2 49060 49.06±0 74023 74.02±3. 137451 137.45±1.3 4218 42.18± 4906 49.06± 7402 74.02±3 13745 137.45±1. 421 42.18 490 49.06 740 74.02± 1374 137.45±1 42.1 49.0 74.02 137.45± 42. 49. 74.0 137.45 74. 137.4 137.

Abstract Grangea maderaspatana is a valuable medicinal plant growing in salt-affected areas, but its tolerance capability, physiological and biochemical responses to salinity is still unclear. To understand these traits, this study examined effects of salinity at different levels (50-400 mM NaCl) on plant growth and its responses. The results shown that the plant’s dry biomass decreased with increasing salinity levels of 100-400 mM NaCl, but its growth was maintained at 400 mM NaCl level with a dry biomass equal to 0.45 times that of the control, indicating that G. maderaspatana had a tolerance ability to high salinity. The plant also had adaptive responses to the salinity. The content of leaf chlorophylls and carotenoids were retained, even enhanced by 50-200 mM NaCl, suggesting a high adaptation of photosynthesis. Proline, Na+, and Cl- was highly accumulated while the accumulation of K+ and NO3 - was maintained with 200-400 mM NaCl, indicating that the plant had adaptive mechanisms for osmotic adjustment and ion homeostasis. Antioxidative activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and peroxidase were enhanced by the salinity. These findings are useful information for understanding salt tolerance mechanisms and for utilization of this medicinal plant in saline agriculture. saltaffected affected areas capability unclear traits 50400 50 (50-40 plants s 100400 100 100-40 40 045 0 45 0.4 control G retained 50200 200 50-20 photosynthesis Proline Na Na+ Cl K NO 200400 200-40 homeostasis catalase dismutase agriculture 5040 5 (50-4 10040 10 100-4 4 04 0. 5020 20 50-2 20040 200-4 504 (50- 1004 1 100- 502 2 50- 2004 200- (50 (5 (

Abstract Objective This study investigated the effects of WN on LE in subjects with chronic tinnitus and normal hearing thresholds. The study was a prospective, non-randomized, before-and-after, intra-participant intervention. Methods Twenty-five subjects performed the following tests: conventional and high-frequency audiometry, acuphenometry, screening questionnaires for depression and anxiety symptoms, Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and high WM test from the Working Memory Assessment Battery, Federal University of Minas Gerais (WMAB) as the LE measure in two conditions: No Added Noise (NAN) and with Added Noise (AN). Results Seventeen participants (68%) performed better on AN condition. Data analysis revealed a 45% improvement in the WMAB total span count on AN setting, with a significant p value (p = 0.001). Conclusion The subgroup of participants without traces of anxiety symptoms, up to mild traces of depressive symptoms, having unilateral tinnitus, and a THI level up to grade 2, had improved WM performance in the presence of WN, which suggests a release of cognitive resources and less auditory effort under these combined conditions. Evidence level 4. thresholds prospective nonrandomized, nonrandomized non randomized, randomized non-randomized beforeandafter, beforeandafter before after, after before-and-after intraparticipant intra participant intervention Twentyfive Twenty five tests highfrequency frequency audiometry acuphenometry symptoms THI, , (THI) Battery (WMAB conditions NAN (NAN AN. . (AN) 68% 68 (68% condition 45 setting 0.001. 0001 0.001 0 001 0.001) 2 4 (THI (AN 6 (68 000 0.00 00 (6 0.0 ( 0.

Abstract Dicliptera tinctoria is a member of Acanthaceae, which has a wide distribution and contains potentially medicinal species, and exhibited pharmaceutical potentials. This study sequenced and characterized the complete chloroplast genome of Dicliptera tinctoria. The newly sequenced cpDNA of D. tinctoria was 150,733 bp in length and had a typical quadripartite structure consisting of a large single copy (LSC, 82,895 bp), a small single copy (SSC, 17,249 bp), and two inverted repeat (IRs, 25,295 bp each) regions. This genome also contained 80 protein-coding genes, 30 transfer RNAs, and four ribosomal RNAs, which is identical to other chloroplast genomes in Acanthaceae family. Nucleotides diversity analysis among chloroplast genomes of Acanthaceae species revealed eight hypervariable regions, including trnK_UUU-matK, trnC_GCA-petN, accD, rps12-clpP, rps3-rps19, ycf1-ndhF, ccsA-ndhD, and ycf1. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the paraphyly of Dicliptera species and monophyly in four Acanthaceae subfamilies. These results provide an overview of genomic variations in Acanthaceae chloroplast genome, which is helpful for further genomic studies. potentials D 150733 150 733 150,73 LSC, LSC (LSC 82895 82 895 82,89 bp, , bp) SSC, SSC (SSC 17249 17 249 17,24 IRs, IRs (IRs 25295 25 295 25,29 each regions 8 proteincoding protein coding genes 3 RNAs family trnK_UUUmatK, trnKUUUmatK trnK_UUU matK, trnK UUU matK trnK_UUU-matK trnC_GCApetN, trnCGCApetN trnC_GCA petN, trnC GCA petN trnC_GCA-petN accD rps12clpP, rps12clpP rpsclpP rps12 clpP, clpP rps rps12-clpP rps3rps19, rps3rps19 rpsrps rps3 rps19, rps19 rps3-rps19 ycf1ndhF, ycf1ndhF ycfndhF ycf1 ndhF, ndhF ycf ycf1-ndhF ccsAndhD, ccsAndhD ccsA ndhD, ndhD ccsA-ndhD subfamilies studies 15073 15 73 150,7 8289 89 82,8 1724 1 24 17,2 2529 2 29 25,2 UUUmatK trnK_UUUmatK trnKUUU GCApetN trnC_GCApetN trnCGCA rps1 rps3rps1 rps3-rps1 1507 7 150, 828 82, 172 17, 252 25, rps3rps rps3-rps

Abstract Objective Mucociliary transport function in the airway mucosa is essential for maintaining a clean mucosal surface. This function is impaired in upper and lower airway diseases. Nasal polyps are a noticeable pathological feature that develop in some of the patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Like ordinary nasal mucosae, nasal polyps have a ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with vigorous ciliary beating. We measured ex vivo Mucociliary Transport Velocity (MCTV) and Ciliary Beat Frequency (CBF) and explored the expressions of Planar Cell Polarity (PCP) proteins in nasal polyps in comparison with turbinate mucosae. Methods Inferior turbinates and nasal polyps were surgically collected from patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Ex vivo MCTV and CBF were measured using a high-speed digital imaging system. Expressions of PCP proteins were explored by fluorescence immunohistochemistry and quantitative RT-PCR. Results The MCTV of nasal polyps was significantly lower than that of the turbinates (7.43 ± 2.01 vs. 14.56 ± 2.09 μm/s; p= 0.0361), whereas CBF did not differ between the two tissues. The MCTV vector was pointed to the posteroinferior direction in all turbinates with an average inclination angle of 41.0 degrees. Immunohistochemical expressions of Dishevelled-1, Dishevelled-3, Frizzled3, Frizzled6, Prickle2 and Vangl2 were lower in the nasal polyps than in the turbinates. Confocal laser scanning microscopy showed that Frizzled3 was localized along the cell junction on the apical surface. The expression levels of mRNAs for Dishevelled-1, Dishevelled-3 and Frizzled3 in the nasal polyps were also decreased in comparison with the turbinates. Conclusion These results indicate that muco ciliary transport in nasal polyps is impaired although vigorous ciliary beating is maintained, and that the impairment may be caused by a decrease in Dishevelled/Frizzled proteins and resultant PCP disarrangement. Level of evidence: Level 3. surface diseases rhinosinusitis mucosae (MCTV (CBF (PCP highspeed high speed system RTPCR. RTPCR RT PCR. PCR RT-PCR 7.43 743 7 43 (7.4 201 2 01 2.0 vs 1456 14 56 14.5 209 09 μm/s μms μm s p 0.0361, 00361 0.0361 , 0 0361 0.0361) tissues 410 41 41. degrees Dishevelled1, Dishevelled1 Dishevelled 1, 1 Dishevelled-1 Dishevelled3, Dishevelled3 3, 3 Frizzled Frizzled6 Prickle Vangl Dishevelled- maintained DishevelledFrizzled disarrangement evidence 7.4 74 4 (7. 20 2. 145 5 14. 0036 0.036 036 7. (7 003 0.03 03 ( 00 0.0 0.

ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the effect of tannin extract from Acacia mearnsii on intravaginal temperature, production and milk composition of Holstein cows in a subtropical environment. The study period was 29 days and 20 multiparous Holstein cows were selected with an average milk production of 50 ± 6 kg/day and 147 ± 83 days in milk. The cows were separated into two treatments: Control (n = 10) did not receive dietary supplementation. Tannin (n = 10) received Condensed Tannin (Tanac S.A., Montenegro, RS, Brazil) at a dose of 0.19% dry matter (40 g/cow/day). Animals were monitored for milk production and composition as well as intravaginal temperature. The environmental temperature and humidity index (THI) were monitored. The mean THI was 72.39 ± 0.69. The mean intravaginal temperature was 39.17 ± 0.14 °C in the Tannin treatment and 39.03 ± 0.14°C in the Control treatment (P > 0.05). The animals in the Tannin treatment exhibited an intravaginal temperature of 39.2 °C at THI 69.38, and the Control treatment exhibited the same temperature at THI 70.16 (receiver operating characteristic (ROC); P < 0.01). Milk production was higher in the Tannin treatment than in the Control treatment (51.38 ± 0.90 kg/day and 49.94 ± 1.05 kg/day, respectively; P < 0.01). The protein content in milk was higher in the Tannin treatment than in the Control treatment (3.20 ± 0.01% and 3.04 ± 0.01%; respectively; P < 0.01). The results of this study suggested that tannin extract from Acacia mearnsii can attenuate heat stress and its negative effects on animal production. ABSTRACT environment 2 5 kgday kg day 14 8 treatments n 10 supplementation Tanac SA S A S.A. Montenegro RS Brazil 019 0 19 0.19 40 (4 g/cow/day. gcowday g/cow/day . g cow g/cow/day) (THI 7239 72 39 72.3 069 69 0.69 3917 17 39.1 014 0.1 C 3903 03 39.0 014C 0.05. 005 0.05 05 0.05) 392 39. 6938 38 69.38 7016 70 16 70.1 receiver ROC (ROC) 0.01. 001 0.01 01 0.01) 51.38 5138 51 (51.3 090 90 0.9 4994 49 94 49.9 105 1 1.0 respectively 3.20 320 3 (3.2 304 04 3.0 S.A 4 ( 723 7 72. 06 0.6 391 0. 390 00 0.0 693 69.3 701 70. (ROC 51.3 513 (51. 09 9 499 49. 1. 3.2 32 (3. 30 3. 69. 51. (51 (3 (5

RESUMO: Este estudo avaliou o efeito do extrato de tanino de Acacia mearnsii na temperatura intravaginal, na produção e na composição do leite de vacas Holandesas mantidas em ambiente subtropical. O período de estudo foi de 29 dias e foram selecionadas 20 vacas multíparas Holandesas com produção média de leite de 50 ± 6 kg/dia e 147 ± 83 dias em leite. As vacas foram separadas em dois tratamentos: Controle (n = 10) não recebeu suplementação alimentar. Tanino (n = 10) recebeu Tanino Condensado (Tanac S.A., Montenegro, RS, Brasil) na dose de 0,19% de matéria seca (40 g/vaca/dia). Os animais foram monitorados quanto à produção e composição do leite, bem como à temperatura intravaginal. O índice de temperatura e umidade ambiental (ITU) foi monitorado. O ITU médio foi de 72,39 ± 0,69. A temperatura intravaginal média foi de 39,17 ± 0,14 °C no tratamento Tanino e 39,03 ± 0,14 °C no tratamento Controle (P > 0,05). Os animais do tratamento Tanino exibiram temperatura intravaginal de 39,2°C no ITU 69,38, e o tratamento Controle exibiu a mesma temperatura no ITU 70,16 (característica operacional do receptor (ROC); P < 0,01). A produção de leite foi maior no tratamento Tanino do que no tratamento Controle (51,38 ± 0,90kg/dia e 49,94 ± 1,05kg/dia, respectivamente; P < 0,01). O teor de proteína no leite foi maior no tratamento Tanino do que no tratamento Controle (3,20 ± 0,01% e 3,04 ± 0,01%; respectivamente; P < 0,01). Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que o extrato de tanino de Acacia mearnsii pode atenuar o estresse térmico e seus efeitos negativos na produtividade animal. RESUMO subtropical 2 5 kgdia kg dia 14 8 tratamentos n 10 alimentar Tanac SA S S.A. Montenegro RS Brasil 019 0 19 0,19 40 (4 g/vaca/dia. gvacadia g/vaca/dia . g vaca g/vaca/dia) (ITU monitorado 7239 72 39 72,3 069 69 0,69 3917 17 39,1 014 0,1 C 3903 03 39,0 0,05. 005 0,05 05 0,05) 392C 6938 38 69,38 7016 70 16 70,1 característica ROC (ROC) 0,01. 001 0,01 01 0,01) 51,38 5138 51 (51,3 090kgdia 90kg 4994 49 94 49,9 105kgdia 1 05kg 1,05kg/dia respectivamente 3,20 320 3 (3,2 304 04 3,0 animal S.A 4 ( 723 7 72, 06 0,6 391 39, 0, 390 00 0,0 693 69,3 701 70, (ROC 51,3 513 (51, 499 9 49, 3,2 32 (3, 30 3, 69, 51, (51 (3 (5

Abstract Objective: To investigate the relative effectiveness of various Non-Invasive Treatment Techniques (NITs) in chronic tinnitus management. Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases from the time of data construction to December 31, 2022. According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, NITs were evaluated, including Aacceptance and commitment therapy (A), Cognitive behavioral therapy (C), Sound therapy (S), Transcranial magnetic stimulation (T), Electrical stimulation therapy (E), Virtual reality therapy (V), tinnitus Retraining therapy (R), general psychotherapy (D), and Placebo (P). The outcome indicators included the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), Tinnitus Questionnaire (TQ), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-anxiety-Depression (HADS-D), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Visual Analogue Scales-Loudness (VAS-L), and Visual Analogue Scales-Distress (VAS-D). Statistical analysis was performed using Stata 14.0 for NMA. Results: This systematic review and meta-analysis included 22 randomized controlled trials comprising 2,354 patients. The treatment effects varied on each scale. For THI, S (86.9%) was the most effective, whereas P (6.5%) was the worst. For TQ, C (89.5%) was the most effective, whereas D (25.4%) was the worst. For HADS-D, A (82.4%) was the most effective, whereas D (9.47%) was the worst. For ISI, A (83.2%) was the most effective, whereas R (20.6%) was the worst. For VAS-L, S (73.5%) was the most effective, whereas E (18.9%) was the worst. For VAS-D, C (84.7%) was the most effective, whereas P (18.1%) was the worst. Conclusions: The combination of acoustics and cognitive behavioral therapy may be an effectively treat patients with chronic tinnitus. Level of evidence: How common is the problem? Level 2. Is this diagnostic or monitoring test accurate? (Diagnosis) Level 1. What will happen if we do not add a therapy? (Prognosis) Level 1. Does this intervention help? (Treatment Benefits) Level 1. What are the COMMON harms? (Treatment Harms) Level 1. What are the RARE harms? (Treatment Harms) Level 1. Is this (early detection) test worthwhile? (Screening) Level 1I. Objective NonInvasive Non Invasive (NITs management Methods PubMed 31 2022 MetaAnalyses Meta Analyses guidelines evaluated A, , (A) C, (C) S, (S) T, T (T) E, (E) V, V (V) R, (R) D, (D) P. . (P) THI (THI) TQ (TQ) ScaleanxietyDepression Scale anxiety HADSD, HADSD HADS (HADS-D) ISI (ISI) ScalesLoudness Scales Loudness VASL, VASL VAS L (VAS-L) ScalesDistress Distress VASD. VASD (VAS-D) 140 14 0 14. NMA Results metaanalysis meta 2 2354 354 2,35 scale 86.9% 869 86 9 (86.9% effective 6.5% 65 6 5 (6.5% worst 89.5% 895 89 (89.5% 25.4% 254 25 4 (25.4% HADS-D 82.4% 824 82 (82.4% 9.47% 947 47 (9.47% 83.2% 832 83 (83.2% 20.6% 206 20 (20.6% L, VAS-L 73.5% 735 73 (73.5% 18.9% 189 18 (18.9% VASD, VAS-D 84.7% 847 84 7 (84.7% 18.1% 181 1 (18.1% Conclusions evidence problem accurate Diagnosis (Diagnosis Prognosis (Prognosis help Benefits harms Harms early detection worthwhile Screening (Screening 1I I 3 202 (A (C (S (T (E (V (R (D (P (THI (TQ (HADS-D (ISI (VAS-L (VAS-D 235 35 2,3 86.9 8 (86.9 6.5 (6.5 89.5 (89.5 25.4 (25.4 82.4 (82.4 9.47 94 (9.47 83.2 (83.2 20.6 (20.6 73.5 (73.5 18.9 (18.9 84.7 (84.7 18.1 (18.1 23 2, 86. (86. 6. (6. 89. (89. 25. (25. 82. (82. 9.4 (9.4 83. (83. 20. (20. 73. (73. 18. (18. 84. (84. (86 (6 (89 (25 (82 9. (9. (83 (20 (73 (18 (84 (8 ( (2 (9 (7 (1

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of seasonal thermal stress on serum hormones, oxidative status, and immune response of periparturient dairy cows. A total of 32 healthy Holstein dairy cows in the perinatal period with the same date of delivery were selected (eight cows per season) and housed in a free-stall barn. Different seasons corresponded to different temperature-humidity indices (THI). Regression analysis revealed a strong positive correlation between THI and rectal temperature and respiratory rate. On the day of calving, the level of progesterone and oestradiol increased and prolactin decreased substantially at a high THI. For oxidative stress biomarkers, the contents of malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and catalase were substantially higher at a low THI. Glutathione peroxidase was increased at a high THI. For immune responses, the data indicated that low and high THI conditions led to an increase in interleukin-2 and interleukin-10. Low THI cows exhibited a substantially higher level of tumour necrosis factor-a before calving. Oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and endocrine imbalance therefore occur in lactating dairy cows in hot summers and cold-wet winters in comparison with comfortable seasons.

Abstract A novel conjugated rod–coil diblock copolymer poly(3-hexylthiophene)-block-poly(furfuryl methacrylate) (P3HT-b-PFMA) has been successfully synthesized for the first time using photoinduced organocatalyzed atom transfer radical polymerization (O-ATRP). This process utilized an organic photoredox catalyst of N-aryl phenoxazine, namely 10-(Perylene-3-yl-10H-Phenoxazine, under 365 nm UV irradiation. The diblock copolymer P3HT-b-PFMA was produced efficiently in a controlled manner, resulting in designed average molecular weights and a narrow polydispersity index. Notably, the furfurylmethacrylate (FMA) monomer derived from biomass-based furfuryl compounds was applied for this controlled polymerization, leading to the formation of conjugated diblock copolymers. The synthesized P3HT-b-PFMA was characterized through 1H-NMR, FT-IR, and GPC methods. Furthermore, the optical and hydrophilic-hydrophobic properties of P3HT-b-PFMA were also evaluated through UV-Vis spectroscopy and contact angle measurements. rodcoil rod coil poly3hexylthiopheneblockpolyfurfuryl polyhexylthiopheneblockpolyfurfuryl poly 3 hexylthiophene block methacrylate P3HTbPFMA PHTbPFMA P3HT b PFMA P HT (P3HT-b-PFMA OATRP. OATRP O ATRP . (O-ATRP) Naryl N aryl phenoxazine 10Perylene3yl10HPhenoxazine, 10Perylene3yl10HPhenoxazine PeryleneylHPhenoxazine 10 Perylene yl 10H Phenoxazine, Phenoxazine H 10-(Perylene-3-yl-10H-Phenoxazine 36 irradiation manner index Notably FMA (FMA biomassbased biomass based copolymers 1HNMR, 1HNMR HNMR 1H NMR, NMR 1H-NMR FTIR, FTIR FT IR, IR FT-IR methods Furthermore hydrophilichydrophobic hydrophilic hydrophobic UVVis Vis measurements hexylthiopheneblockpolyfurfuryl HTbPFMA PHT (O-ATRP HPhenoxazine 1