Abstract The study analyzed the socio-environmental determination of health in five sugarcane-producing municipalities in Pernambuco. This participatory, qualitative research was conducted from January to August 2022. Workshops were held in the participating communities to build the Participatory Rural Diagnosis of protective and destructive processes of global, community, and individual socio-environmental health dimensions. The communities pointed to social inequalities, productive deregulation, environmental degradation, labor exploitation, violence, and illness as the main processes affecting the territories. Despite this, protective processes were related to the social function of land and the right to agrarian reform, family farming, solidarity and community organization ties, and individual and family self-care practices. The diagnosis points to the need to build public policies for equity, protection, and reparation of the eco-social health of territories affected by sugarcane cultivation, burdened with intense use of pesticides and burning and over-exploited labor, among other socio-environmental problems.

Resumo O estudo analisou a determinação socioambiental da saúde em cinco municípios produtores de cana-de-açúcar em Pernambuco. Trata-se de uma pesquisa participante com abordagem qualitativa, realizada no período de janeiro a agosto de 2022. Foram realizadas oficinas nas comunidades participantes para a construção do Diagnóstico Rural Participativo dos processos protetores e destrutivos de dimensão global, comunitária e individual da saúde socioambiental. As comunidades apontaram as iniquidades sociais, a desregulamentação produtiva, degradação ambiental, exploração pelo trabalho, violência e adoecimento como os principais processos que acometem os territórios. Apesar disso, os processos protetores foram relacionados à função social da terra e o direito à reforma agrária; à agricultura familiar; aos laços de solidariedade e organização comunitária, bem como às práticas de autocuidado individual e familiar. O diagnóstico aponta para a necessidade da construção de políticas públicas de equidade, proteção e reparação da saúde ecossocial dos territórios afetados pelo cultivo da cana-de-açúcar, onde há intenso uso de agrotóxicos, prática de queimadas e superexploração do trabalho, dentre outros problemas socioambientais.

Resumen El estudio analizó la determinación socioambiental de la salud en cinco municipios productores de caña de azúcar de Pernambuco, Brasil. Se trata de una investigación participativa con enfoque cualitativo, realizada de enero a agosto de 2022. Se realizaron talleres en las comunidades participantes para construir el Diagnóstico Rural Participativo de procesos protectores y destructivos de las dimensiones global, comunitaria e individual de la salud socioambiental. Las comunidades señalaron las inequidades sociales, la desregulación productiva, la degradación ambiental, la explotación laboral, la violencia y las enfermedades como los principales procesos que afectan los territorios. Pese a ello, los procesos protectores estuvieron relacionados con la función social de la tierra y el derecho a la reforma agraria; a la agricultura familiar; vínculos de solidaridad y organización comunitaria, así como prácticas de autocuidado individual y familiar. El diagnóstico apunta a la necesidad de construir políticas públicas de equidad, protección y reparación de la salud eco-social de los territorios afectados por el cultivo de la caña de azúcar, donde existe un uso intenso de pesticidas, quemas y sobreexplotación del trabajo, entre otros problemas socioambientales.

Resumo A cana-de-açúcar ocupa grande escala territorial no mundo e busca constantemente por mecanismos para monitorar os nutrientes no ciclo de produção da cultura, utilizando métodos não destrutivos. O estudo com objetivo estimar o teor de nitrogênio na folha da cana-de-açúcar foi desenvolvido na safra 2021/2022 sobre dois talhões comerciais de sequeiro cultivares (RB867515 = 50,75 ha) e (CVSP7870 = 48,56 ha) na Usina Energética Serranópolis-Goiás, avaliando a eficiência dos índices bioquímicos de vegetação Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (fAPAR) e Canopy Chlorophyll Content (CCC) processados utilizando modelo de transferência de radiação RTM PROSAIL, comparados aos índices Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) e Green Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (GNDVI), processados utilizando modelos matemáticos e razão de bandas. Ambos, baseados em série temporal de dados Sentinel-2 como variáveis de entrada. A validação do Agro-Modelo ocorreu através de análise de tecido foliar coletada em sete avaliações intercaladas durante o período de permanência da cultura no campo. Foi evidenciado a funcionalidade dos quatro índices, destacando o índice bioquímico fAPAR sob a ótica da estatística descritiva (R² = 0,970 e RMSE = 0,46) para o cultivar RB867515 e (R² = 0,940 e RMSE = 0,69) para o cultivar CVSP7870.

Abstract Sugarcane occupies a large territorial scale in the world and is constantly searching for mechanisms to monitor nutrients in the crop production cycle, using non-destructive methods. The study aimed to estimate the nitrogen content in the sugarcane leaf was developed in the 2021/2022 harvest on two commercial fields of dryland cultivars (RB867515 = 50.75 ha) and (CVSP7870 = 48.56 ha) at the Serranópolis-Goiás mill, evaluating the efficiency of the biochemical vegetation indices Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (fAPAR) and Canopy Chlorophyll Content (CCC) processed using the radiation transfer model RTM PROSAIL, compared to the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Green Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (GNDVI), processed using mathematical band ratio models. Both were based on a time series of Sentinel-2 data as input variables. The validation of the Agro-Model occurred through analysis of leaf tissue collected in seven interspersed evaluations during the period the crop remained in the field. The functionality of the four indexes was evidenced, highlighting the biochemical index fAPAR from the perspective of descriptive statistics (R² = 0.970 and RMSE = 0.46) for the cultivar RB867515 and (R² = 0.940 and RMSE = 0.69) for the cultivar CVSP7870.

ABSTRACT Breeding of new cultivars of sugarcane uses several species belonging to the Saccharum complex genus. In this study, a set of 20 genotypes from the Saccharum complex was assessed for their growth promotion during germination using a mixed inoculant containing five selected diazotrophs and their resistance to short heat treatment (52°C / 30 min). The percentage of germination was evaluated, leading to the identification of three response groups. Saccharum officinarum (group I) showed the highest germination percentage, succeeded by Erianthus arundinaceus genotypes (group II) and the other genotypes (group III). The mean germination time (MGT) varied among the genotypes and segregated the growth response into two groups. Saccharum officinarum only required less than 15 days to reach the MGT, whereas the other genera required more than two or three days during the initial growth process. Bacterial counting also differed between the groups, being effective for S. officinarum and other genotypes, improving the colonization of the plants 100–1,000 times higher than the control and heat treatments. Further comparison was made among eight genotypes, including one Saccharum spontaneum(US72-1319), one S. officinarum (IN845), and six E. arundinaceus. This comparison measured biomass accumulation and root parameters. The E. arundinaceus group demonstrated less susceptibility to the heat treatment, resulting in stimulation of the root dry mass of IJ76-381 and root parameters of this genotype, as well as IJ76-364, although not associated to the inoculation treatment. Inoculation applied to US72-1319 and IN845 enhanced only the Shoot/Root ratio.

Our study on sustainable water management in sugarcane biorefineries, which utilizes water as a primary resource for generating bioenergy through steam production, has employed a novel approach. High water quality is crucial for optimal efficiency, particularly in boiler operations. We have utilized unsupervised methods, such as principal component analysis (PCA) and minimum spanning tree (MST), alongside instrumental analysis data, to assess water quality in steam production. The PCA exploratory analysis identified three distinct clusters, with the relevant variables being conductivity and SiO2 content, to differentiate the purity of a dataset of 120 samples. MST-based clustering corroborated the PCA findings, forming three clusters: sample 1 represented the purest water, while samples 3 and 6 were in different clusters, indicating less purity in boiler feedwater. These unsupervised methods are highly effective, providing accurate and reliable data analysis and significantly benefiting sugarcane biorefineries by eliminating subjective biases. The findings of this study promise to improve water management practices in sugarcane biorefineries, leading to more efficient and sustainable operations.

RESUMO O corte mecanizado da cana-de-açúcar necessita de aprimoramentos, visto que as ferramentas de corte podem afetar a longevidade dos canaviais e aumentar os custos de produção. Além disso, essas ferramentas podem aumentar a demanda energética das máquinas no campo. Este estudo avaliou o desempenho de colhedoras de cana-de-açúcar equipadas com distintos mecanismos de corte basal: corte por impacto (lâminas) e corte contínuo (serras) em três áreas comerciais de produção de cana-de-açúcar. O consumo efetivo de combustível e a capacidade efetiva de colheita das máquinas foram avaliados em cada tratamento. O delineamento experimental adotado foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 3 × 2 com seis repetições. As serras aumentaram o consumo de combustível por área em 3,9 e 8,9% por Mg colhido. As características produtivas da cultura determinam a demanda energética dos sistemas de colheita. Para produtividades acima de 90 Mg ha-1, a demanda energética estabilizou-se até 120 Mg ha-1. A demanda de combustível para a colheita variou entre 1,0 e 1,2 L Mg-1 de material colhido. Os resultados mostram que independente do sistema de corte, cada Mg de cana colhida necessita em média de 37,3 kJ de energia para ser retirado do campo. canadeaçúcar açúcar aprimoramentos disso campo basal lâminas (lâminas (serras canadeaçúcar. açúcar. tratamento repetições 39 9 3, 89 8 8,9 colhido ha1, ha1 ha 1, 1 ha-1 estabilizouse estabilizou se 12 ha1. 1. 10 0 Mg1 Mg- 373 37 37, 8, ha-

ABSTRACT The mechanized cutting of sugarcane requires improvements, as cutting tools can affect the longevity of sugarcane fields and increase production costs. Furthermore, these tools can increase the energy demand of machines in the field. This study evaluated the sugarcane harvester performance equipped with different basal cutting devices: impact cutting (blades) and continuous cutting (saws) in three commercial sugarcane production areas. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 3 × 2 factorial scheme with six repetitions. Effective fuel consumption and harvesting capacity were evaluated. The saws increased fuel consumption per area by 3.9 and 8.9% per Mg harvested. The crop’s yield characteristics determine harvesting systems’ energy demand. For yields above 90 Mg ha-1, energy demand has stabilized up to 120 Mg ha-1. The fuel demand for harvesting ranged between 1.0 and 1.2 L Mg-1 of harvested material. Regardless of the cutting system, each Mg requires 37.3 kJ of energy to be removed from the field. improvements costs Furthermore field devices blades (blades (saws areas repetitions 39 9 3. 89 8 8.9 crops crop s systems ha1, ha1 ha 1, 1 ha-1 12 ha1. 1. 10 0 Mg1 Mg- material system 373 37 37. 8. ha-

RESUMO: Uma das causas de perda de produtividade em lavouras de cana está associada à espécie Diatraea saccharalis, também conhecida por broca da cana. Portanto, este estudo avaliou a viabilidade do uso de sensores hiperespectrais para obter a resposta espectral foliar da cana-de-açúcar em diferentes períodos de infestações, tanto a nível foliar quanto dossel, a fim de diagnosticar antecipadamente os danos da Diatraea saccharalis. O estudo contou com três variedades de cana-de-açúcar: CTC9003BT, CTC4 e RB966928. Em metade das parcelas foi utilizado o inseticida Altacor® para o controle de pragas. As coletas de dados ocorreram nas fases: brotação, perfilhamento, crescimento de colmos e início da maturação. Para avaliar os efeitos da broca na cana foi coletado os dados referentes ao conteúdo relativo de água (CRA), assinatura espectral foliar em laboratório e dossel, índices de vegetação (NDVI e MCARI), produtividade, pureza e ATR (Açúcar Total Recuperável). O maior CRA encontrado foi para a CTC9003BT (60,15%) sem inseticida e 59,0% com inseticida. As faixas espectrais do visível (400-680 nm) e infravermelho próximo (750-1300 nm) identificaram variações espectrais nas plantas com e sem broca. O percentual de broca apresentou correlações altas e negativas entre a produtividade, NDVI e ATR, com coeficientes de -0,68, -0,76 e -0,76, respectivamente. Os índices NDVI e MCARI foram eficazes na detecção de plantas sob estresse, contudo, sua variação é influenciada por múltiplos fatores, sendo difícil associá-los a um único problema (broca). RESUMO saccharalis Portanto canadeaçúcar açúcar infestações dossel CTCBT CTC BT RB966928 RB Altacor pragas fases brotação perfilhamento maturação CRA, , (CRA) MCARI, MCARI) Açúcar Recuperável. Recuperável . Recuperável) 60,15% 6015 60 15 (60,15% 590 59 0 59,0 400680 400 680 (400-68 nm 7501300 750 1300 (750-130 0,68, 068 68 -0,68 0,76 076 76 -0,7 0,76, respectivamente estresse contudo fatores associálos associá los (broca) RB96692 (CRA 60,15 601 6 1 (60,15 5 59, 40068 40 (400-6 750130 75 130 (750-13 0,68 06 -0,6 0,7 07 7 -0, (broca RB9669 60,1 (60,1 4006 4 (400- 75013 13 (750-1 0,6 0, -0 RB966 60, (60, (400 7501 (750- - RB96 (60 (40 (750 RB9 (6 (4 (75 ( (7

ABSTRACT: One of the causes of productivity loss in sugarcane cultivation has been associated with the species Diatraea saccharalis, also known as the sugarcane borer. Therefore, this study evaluated the feasibility of using hyperspectral sensors to obtain the leaf spectral response of sugarcane in different periods of infestation at leaf and canopy levels to diagnose D. saccharalis damage in advance. The study included three varieties of sugarcane: CTC9003BT, CTC4, and RB966928. The insecticide Altacor® was used to control pestsin half of the plots. Data collection occurred at the following stages: sprouting, tillering, stalke longation, and early maturation. Data regarding relative water content (RWC), leaf spectral signature in the laboratory and canopy, vegetation indices (NDVI and MCARI), productivity, purity, and total recoverable sugar (TRS) were collected to evaluate the borer effects on the sugarcane crop. The highest RWC was observed for CTC9003BT (60.15%) without insecticide and 59.0% with insecticide. The visible (400-680 nm) and near-infrared (750-1300 nm) spectral bands identified spectral variations in plants with and without sugarcane borer. The percentage of sugarcane borer showed high and negative correlations between productivity, NDVI, and TRS, with coefficients of -0.68, -0.76, and -0.76, respectively. The NDVI and MCARI indices effectively detect plants under stress, but their variation is influenced by multiple factors, making it difficult to associate them with a single problem (sugarcane borer). ABSTRACT Therefore D advance CTCBT CTC BT CTC4 RB966928 RB Altacor plots stages sprouting tillering longation maturation RWC, , (RWC) MCARI, MCARI) purity TRS (TRS crop 60.15% 6015 60 15 (60.15% 590 59 0 59.0 400680 400 680 (400-68 nm nearinfrared near infrared 7501300 750 1300 (750-130 0.68, 068 68 -0.68 0.76, 076 76 -0.76 respectively stress factors . borer) RB96692 (RWC 60.15 601 6 1 (60.15 5 59. 40068 40 (400-6 750130 75 130 (750-13 0.68 06 -0.6 0.76 07 7 -0.7 RB9669 60.1 (60.1 4006 4 (400- 75013 13 (750-1 0.6 -0. 0.7 RB966 60. (60. (400 7501 (750- 0. -0 RB96 (60 (40 (750 - RB9 (6 (4 (75 ( (7

ABSTRACT Quantifying the impact of driving factors on crop water productivity (WP) is essential for efficient agricultural water use. To date, few studies have investigated the influence of management and environmental factors on sugarcane WP at the mill scale. This study aimed to assess the contributions of management practice factors, weather variables, and soil management zones (SMZs) on on-farm sugarcane WP in a single mill in the southern region of Brazil. An extensive on-farm database of commercial sugarcane field plots was used with a weather database to estimate evapotranspiration and water-limited potential yield (Yw). This was achieved by employing a crop sugarcane model to calculate actual water productivity (WPa) and attainable water productivity (WPw). The results demonstrated an inverse relationship between management practices and WPa, while harvest date and vinasse positively impacted on WPa. The Yw, actual yield (Ya), actual evapotranspiration (ETa) or crop evapotranspiration (ETc), and WPa varied according to the SMZ. The lowest WPa values were observed in the worst soils. The analysis revealed that weather variables collectively accounted for 46.2 % of WPa variability, management practice factors accounted for 40.5 %, and SMZs contributed 13.3 % of WPa variability. Despite weather variables being the primary source of WPa variability, management practice factors still played a key role in WPa variability. (WP use scale (SMZs onfarm farm Brazil waterlimited limited Yw. Yw . (Yw) (WPa WPw. WPw (WPw) Ya, Ya , (Ya) ETa (ETa ETc, ETc (ETc) SMZ soils 462 46 2 46. variability 405 40 5 40. 133 13 3 13. (Yw (WPw (Ya (ETc 4 1

Resumo O estudo analisou a determinação socioambiental da saúde em cinco municípios produtores de cana-de-açúcar em Pernambuco. Trata-se de uma pesquisa participante com abordagem qualitativa, realizada no período de janeiro a agosto de 2022. Foram realizadas oficinas nas comunidades participantes para a construção do Diagnóstico Rural Participativo dos processos protetores e destrutivos de dimensão global, comunitária e individual da saúde socioambiental. As comunidades apontaram as iniquidades sociais, a desregulamentação produtiva, degradação ambiental, exploração pelo trabalho, violência e adoecimento como os principais processos que acometem os territórios. Apesar disso, os processos protetores foram relacionados à função social da terra e o direito à reforma agrária; à agricultura familiar; aos laços de solidariedade e organização comunitária, bem como às práticas de autocuidado individual e familiar. O diagnóstico aponta para a necessidade da construção de políticas públicas de equidade, proteção e reparação da saúde ecossocial dos territórios afetados pelo cultivo da cana-de-açúcar, onde há intenso uso de agrotóxicos, prática de queimadas e superexploração do trabalho, dentre outros problemas socioambientais.

Resumen El estudio analizó la determinación socioambiental de la salud en cinco municipios productores de caña de azúcar de Pernambuco, Brasil. Se trata de una investigación participativa con enfoque cualitativo, realizada de enero a agosto de 2022. Se realizaron talleres en las comunidades participantes para construir el Diagnóstico Rural Participativo de procesos protectores y destructivos de las dimensiones global, comunitaria e individual de la salud socioambiental. Las comunidades señalaron las inequidades sociales, la desregulación productiva, la degradación ambiental, la explotación laboral, la violencia y las enfermedades como los principales procesos que afectan los territorios. Pese a ello, los procesos protectores estuvieron relacionados con la función social de la tierra y el derecho a la reforma agraria; a la agricultura familiar; vínculos de solidaridad y organización comunitaria, así como prácticas de autocuidado individual y familiar. El diagnóstico apunta a la necesidad de construir políticas públicas de equidad, protección y reparación de la salud eco-social de los territorios afectados por el cultivo de la caña de azúcar, donde existe un uso intenso de pesticidas, quemas y sobreexplotación del trabajo, entre otros problemas socioambientales.

Abstract The study analyzed the socio-environmental determination of health in five sugarcane-producing municipalities in Pernambuco. This participatory, qualitative research was conducted from January to August 2022. Workshops were held in the participating communities to build the Participatory Rural Diagnosis of protective and destructive processes of global, community, and individual socio-environmental health dimensions. The communities pointed to social inequalities, productive deregulation, environmental degradation, labor exploitation, violence, and illness as the main processes affecting the territories. Despite this, protective processes were related to the social function of land and the right to agrarian reform, family farming, solidarity and community organization ties, and individual and family self-care practices. The diagnosis points to the need to build public policies for equity, protection, and reparation of the eco-social health of territories affected by sugarcane cultivation, burdened with intense use of pesticides and burning and over-exploited labor, among other socio-environmental problems.

Resumen Introducción: La mosca de las indias occidentales, Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart), es una de las plagas más importantes económicamente en el cultivo de mango de México y el neotrópico. Objetivo: Analizamos los patrones de la población adulta de A. obliqua y su relación con factores locales y del paisaje. Métodos: Un total de 11 huertos de mango “Manila” fueron caracterizados en estructura biofísica y configuración del paisaje. Los adultos de A. obliqua fueron capturados con trampas (botellas de polietileno cebadas con una proteína) durante tres semanas en junio de 2022. Resultados: Se capturaron 1 869 adultos de A. obliqua, de los cuales 75 % fueron hembras y 25 % machos. La abundancia varió de 68 a 490 moscas adultas por huerto, mientras que la frecuencia de captura de 0.36 a 1.8 moscas/trampa/día. La abundancia incrementó en huertos altamente sombreados y decreció en huertos con suelos compactos. La abundancia y frecuencia incrementaron en huertos cercanos a árboles de Spondias spp. y decreció en huertos cercanos a plantaciones de caña de azúcar. El manejo de la sombra puede ser utilizado como una estrategia efectiva para promover las interacciones que regulan naturalmente la población de A. obliqua, mientras que la compactación del suelo representa una condición ecológica limitante que podría impactar severamente en la supervivencia de larvas de moscas de la fruta. Conclusión: La población adulta de A. obliqua depende de varios factores locales y del paisaje que indican disponibilidad de recursos y condiciones ecológicas. Estos hallazgos podrían considerarse en las estrategias del manejo integrado de esta plaga para promover la protección y el mejoramiento de la calidad de frutos en el cultivo de mango.

Abstract Introduction: The West Indian fruit fly, Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart), is one of the most economically important pests of mangoes in Mexico and the Neotropics. Objective: To analyze adult population patterns of A. obliqua and their relation to local and landscape factors. Methods: We selected 11 “Manila” mango orchards along the middle part of La Antigua River, which were characterized to determine their biophysical structure and landscape configuration considering their distance to six different land uses/land covers. Anastrepha obliqua population was estimated by collecting adult flies in colorless polyethylene plastic bottle traps baited with a protein for three weeks in June 2022. Results: A total of 1 869 adults of A. obliqua were trapped, of which 75 % were females and 25 % were males. Abundance varied from 68 to 490 adult flies per orchard, while capture frequency from 0.36 to 1.8 flies/trap/day. Abundance increased in highly shaded orchards, and capture frequency decreased in orchards with highly soil compaction. Abundance and the frequency of capture increased in orchards near isolated trees of Spondias spp. and decreased in orchards near sugarcane plantations. Shade management in mango orchards may be used as an effective strategy to promote biotic interactions to naturally regulate A. obliqua populations, meanwhile, soil compaction represents a limiting ecological condition, which might severely impact fruit fly larvae survival. Conclusions: Adult population of A. obliqua depends on several local and landscape factors because they indicate resource availability and ecological conditions. These findings could be considered for control strategies in the integrated management of this pest to promote protection and improve the fruit quality of mango crop.

Resumen Introducción. Estudios de defoliación en caña de azúcar en México son escasos, se desconoce a qué edad de la planta y en qué época del año se deben realizar. Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto de la defoliación artificial en caña de azúcar en diferentes etapas de cultivo y su respuesta sobre parámetros de calidad y rendimiento. Materiales y métodos. El experimento se llevó a cabo en la zafra 2020-2021 entre los meses de abril y mayo, en una parcela ubicada en una soca del cultivar COLPOSCTMEX 06-039, dentro de la zona de abastecimiento del Ingenio Presidente Benito Juárez de la Chontalpa, Tabasco. Se utilizó un diseño experimental de bloques completamente al azar, donde los tratamientos de defoliación consistieron en eliminar las hojas completas del tallo hasta dejar la hoja +5 (H5). Los tratamientos de defoliación se aplicaron a los 8, 9 y 10 meses de edad del cultivo, más un testigo sin defoliación, con cinco repeticiones por tratamiento. Los parámetros de crecimiento evaluados fueron altura y diámetro de planta, número de tallos e índices de área foliar (IAF) y de vegetación de las diferencias normalizada (NDVI). Al momento de la cosecha se midieron los °Brix y los rendimientos agrícolas de la caña de azúcar. Resultados. Se encontró que los parámetros de crecimiento y calidad fueron disminuidos por los tratamientos de defoliación total. El tratamiento 2 mostró los mayores valores de altura y diámetro de planta, menor NDVI y rendimiento de tallos al momento de la cosecha y la defoliación afectó el IAF. Los °Brix no se vieron afectados por los diferentes tratamientos de defoliación. Conclusión. La defoliación a los nueve meses de edad aumentó el rendimiento agrícola y no afectó la calidad de los jugos.

Abstract Introduction. Defoliation studies on sugarcane in Mexico are scarce, and it is unknown at what age of the plant and in which season of the year it should be carried out. Objective. To evaluate the effect of artificial defoliation in sugarcane at different stages of growth and its response on quality and yield parameters. Materials and methods. The experiment was conducted during the 2020-2021 harvest between the months of April and May, in a plot located in a ratoon of the cultivar COLPOSCTMEX 06-039, within the supply area of the Ingenio Presidente Benito Juárez in the Chontalpa region, Tabasco. A completely randomized block design was used, where the defoliation treatments consisted of removing the entire leaves of the stem until leaving the +5 leaf (H5). Defoliation treatments were applied at 8, 9, and 10 months of crop age, plus a control without defoliation, with five replicates per treatment. Growth parameters evaluated were plant height and diameter, number of stalks, and leaf area index (IAF) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). At harvest, °Brix and sugarcane yields of sugarcane were measured. Results. It was found that growth and quality parameters were reduced by total defoliation treatments. Treatment 2 showed the highest values of plant height and diameter, lower NDVI, and stalk yield at harvest, and defoliation affected the IAF. °Brix were not affected by different defoliation treatments. Conclusion. Defoliation at nine months of age increased agricultural yield and did not affect juice quality.

Abstract Agroindustrial waste represents an important source of energy for various species of fungi that can establish themselves in waste and use it as a substrate. In this study, a macrofungus that grows in the wild on sugarcane bagasse produced by the paper industry was taxonomically identified. Ten samplings or mushroom collections were made at the site, and an average of 6 individuals were collected per sampling. Specimens had a pileus between 4 and 15 cm in diameter, from parabolic to convex in shape, slightly umbilicated with soft odor and fibrous texture, brown on the surface and paler towards the margin, with tight lamellae of various lengths, ventricles, free union to stipe, and brown and pink in color. These characteristics allowed the identification of the specimens within the Volvariella genus. Molecular analyses using DNA sequencing of the basidia of the fungus allowed making comparisons with other Volvariella sequences stored in GenBank. A tree was generated by the maximum-likelihood method using the nucleotide substitution model HKY + I + G with 2.815 as the alpha parameter of the gamma distribution and 0.2990 as the proportion of invariant sites. The nucleotide frequencies were T = 0.2812, C = 0.2741, A = 0.2076, and G = 0.2372, while the phylogenetic reconstruction identified the species as Volvariella volvacea, with a 100% bootstrap. This is the first report of V. volvacea in southwestern Colombia and highlights the importance of the ligninolytic potential of this species as a food source and bioremediating agent.

Resumen La fermentación en medio sólido es una técnica utilizada para la producción de quitina, pigmentos, proteínas y lípidos. En el presente trabajo se evaluaron los cambios en la composición química y microbiológica en micro ensilados de exoesqueletos de camarón (Litopeneus vanamei) y chapulín (Sphenarium purpurascens) fermentados con un inoculo comercial de Lactobacillus plantarum AVG-112. Se determinó la cantidad de melaza para la fermentación, la composición proximal y la cuenta microbiológica de los ensilados. Los desechos se mezclaron con melaza de caña de azúcar como fuente de carbono y se inoculó usando una cepa comercial (Lactobacillus plantarum AVG-112). A los 5 d de fermentación ambos ensilados presentaron características físicas y químicas aceptables. Los coliformes totales, mohos y levaduras no estuvieron presentes siendo inhibidos por el proceso de ensilaje. Concluimos que la fermentación en medio sólido tiene características adecuadas para su utilización como suplemento en alimentos para organismos acuáticos.

Abstract Fermentation in a solid medium is a technique used for the production of chitin, pigments, proteins and lipids. In the present work, changes in the chemical and microbiological composition were evaluated in micro silages of shrimp (Litopeneus vanamei) and grasshopper (Sphenarium purpurascens) exoskeletons, fermented with a commercial inoculum of Lactobacillus plantarum AVG-112. The amount of molasses for fermentation, proximal composition and microbiological count of the silages, were determined. The waste was mixed with sugarcane molasses as a carbon source and inoculated using a commercial strain (Lactobacillus plantarum AVG-112). After 5 days of fermentation, both silages presented acceptable physical and chemical characteristics. Total coliforms, molds and yeasts were not present and were inhibited by the ensiling process. We concluded that fermentation in a solid medium has suitable characteristics for use as a food supplement for aquatic organisms.

ABSTRACT The contribution of plant residues throughout the sugarcane cycles favors the increase of organic matter and the activity of microorganisms in the soil, especially in the surface layers. Soil texture also has an important effect on ecological processes and soil quality. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate soil biological attributes in different sugarcane cultivation cycles under mechanized harvesting in an Oxisol in the Savanna region of Central Brazil. The study was conducted in commercial areas under sugarcane cultivation during the 2018/2019 season, which were considered homogeneous in terms of soil and climatic conditions, with the source of variation among the areas being the cultivation cycles (C1: one cultivation cycle; C3: three cultivation cycles; C7: seven cultivation cycles) and a savanna vegetation area selected as a reference. Microbiological variables were determined in two layers, 0-0.1 and 0.1-0.2 m. The variables related to microbial biomass and texture were subjected to principal component analysis. Areas with longer sugarcane cultivation cycles show higher proportion of microbial biomass carbon in the total organic carbon in subsurface layers (microbial quotient). The performance of the soil microbial community, as expressed by total organic carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen indicators, was associated with higher presence of clay and silt, i.e., soil particles smaller than 0.02 mm. quality context Brazil 20182019 2018 2019 2018/201 season conditions C1 C (C1 cycle C3 C7 reference 00.1 001 0 0.1 1 0-0. 0.10.2 0102 0.2 2 0.1-0. m analysis quotient. quotient . quotient) community indicators silt ie i e i.e. 002 02 0.0 mm 2018201 201 2018/20 (C 00 00. 01 0. 0-0 10 0.10. 010 0.1-0 i.e 201820 20 2018/2 0- 0.10 0.1- 20182 2018/

RESUMO O aporte de resíduos vegetais ao longo dos ciclos da cana-de-açúcar favorece o incremento de matéria orgânica e atividade de microrganismos no solo, especialmente nas camadas superficiais. A textura do solo também tem um efeito importante nos processos ecológicos e na qualidade do solo. Nesse sentido, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar atributos biológicos do solo em diferentes ciclos de cultivo de cana-de-açúcar sob colheita mecanizada, em um Latossolo da região de cerrado do Brasil Central. O estudo foi realizado em áreas comerciais de cultivo de cana-de-açúcar na safra 2018/2019, consideradas homogêneas em termos de condições edafoclimáticas, tendo como fonte de variação entre as áreas os ciclos de cultivo (C1: um ciclo de cultivo; C3: três ciclos de cultivo; C7: sete ciclos de cultivo) e uma área de vegetação de cerrado selecionada como referência. Foram determinadas variáveis microbiológicas nas camadas de 0-0,10 e 0,10-0,20 m. As variáveis relacionados à biomassa microbiana e textura foram submetidos à análise de componentes principais. Áreas com ciclos de cultivo de cana-de-açúcar mais longos apresentaram maior proporção de carbono da biomassa microbiana no carbono orgânico total nas camadas subterrâneas (quociente microbiano). O desempenho da comunidade microbiana do solo, expresso pelos indicadores carbono orgânico total e nitrogênio da biomassa microbiana foi associado à maior presença de argila e silte, ou seja, partículas de solo menores que 0,02 mm. canadeaçúcar cana açúcar superficiais sentido mecanizada Central 20182019 2018 2019 2018/2019 edafoclimáticas C1 C (C1 C3 C7 referência 00,10 0010 0 0,10 10 0-0,1 0,100,20 010020 0,20 20 0,10-0,2 m principais quociente microbiano. microbiano . microbiano) silte seja 002 02 0,0 mm 2018201 201 2018/201 (C 00 00,1 001 010 0,1 1 0-0, 100 0,100,2 01002 020 0,2 2 0,10-0, 0, 201820 2018/20 00, 01 0-0 0,100, 0100 0,10-0 20182 2018/2 0- 0,100 0,10- 2018/

Abstract The Ecuadorian Amazon region is permanently subject to deforestation processes and in parallel to the implementation of agricultural, and livestock management systems that can affect soil quality. This study assessed the effect of different land use types on soil quality using the Integrated Soil Quality Index (SQI) and minimum indicators. To do this, it considers representative soil samples, 4 types of land use, and a productive landscape in the province of Pastaza. The land use types evaluated were sugarcane (SC), agrosilvopastoral System (ASPS) silvopastoral timber system (SSTT), and secondary forest (SF). Land use type had significant effects on some soil properties and, therefore, on soil quality. The soil quality index was developed using BD, Ca+Mg/K, and SOM which had the highest weighting values, suggesting a higher contribution to the final SQI. The Soil Quality Index (SQI) showed significant differences (p < 0.05) between the different land uses, establishing the following order: SSPM (0.41) > SC (0.40) > B (0.34) > SASP (0.33). Therefore, the values obtained are considered low to moderate quality with SSPM and SC as the highest quality land uses. It is concluded that soil quality can be assessed and compared more accurately in the studies of land use using the current indexing framework due to its simplicity and quantitative flexibility. However, to evaluate soil quality more comprehensively and precisely, biological properties of soils should also be considered for SQI in future studies.

Abstract The objective of the research is the development of an agrometeorological model for forecasting sugar agricultural yield. The yields by strains and totals, area of each strain and total, and age of the plantation were taken from 13 Management Business Units in the Cienfuegos, Sancti Spíritus and Ciego de Ávila provinces in the period 1980-2015; as well as monthly records of precipitation, average temperature and evapotranspiration from seven meteorological stations. The Productive Potential Index was calculated according to the phenological phase in which it is found to verify its degree of effectiveness. For statistical processing, the Excel tabulator, STATISTICA version 8.0.5 and the SciPy mathematical module were used. The effectiveness of the agricultural yield estimates obtained with the model presented for the 2011 - 2015 harvests was compared using the coefficient of determination R2, analyzing the relationship established between the regressor variables and the predictand. The multiple linear regression model allows agricultural performance forecasts to be made with precision and adjustment, depending on the specific commercial scenarios of the country's sugarcane production. The province of Ciego de Ávila reveals, of the three under study, the highest degree of effectiveness in estimating the agricultural yield of sugar cane.

Resumen La investigación tiene como objetivo la elaboración de un modelo agrometeorológico de pronóstico del rendimiento agrícola azucarero. Se tomaron los rendimientos por cepas y totales, área de cada cepa y total, y edad de la plantación de 13 Unidades Empresariales de Base de las provincias Cienfuegos, Sancti Spíritus y Ciego de Ávila en el período 1980-2015; así como, registros mensuales de precipitación, temperatura media y evapotranspiración de siete estaciones meteorológicas. Se calculó el Índice Potencial Productivo según la fase fenológica en la que se encuentre para comprobar su grado de efectividad. Para el procesamiento estadístico se utilizó el tabulador Excel, STATISTICA versión 8.0.5 y el módulo matemático SciPy. La efectividad de las estimaciones de rendimiento agrícola obtenidas con el modelo presentado para las zafras 2011 - 2015, se comparó usando el coeficiente de determinación R2, analizando la relación establecida entre las variables regresoras y el predictando. El modelo de regresión lineal múltiple permite realizar pronósticos de rendimiento agrícola con precisión y ajuste, en dependencia de los escenarios comerciales concretos de la producción cañera del país. La provincia Ciego de Ávila revela, de las tres en estudio, el mayor grado de efectividad en la estimación del rendimiento agrícola de la caña de azúcar.