RESUMO Regiões com climas semiáridos apresentam condições ambientais que resultam em estresses abióticos às plantas. A maior área de produção de melão (Cucumis melo L.) do Brasil, o Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, possui essas características climáticas. O uso de bioestimulantes nesses sistemas de produção pode mitigar os efeitos dos estresses abióticos e aumentar a produtividade e a qualidade dos frutos. O objetivo neste estudo foi avaliar as características fisiológicas e de produção do meloeiro, sob aplicação de bioestimulantes. Os bioestimulantes Acadian®, Folicist® e Nov@® foram aplicados e comparados ao tratamento controle (sem bioestimulantes), em melões ‘Goldex’ e ‘McLaren’. Nov@® proporcionou maior assimilação de CO2, transpiração e condutância estomática, assim como ascorbato peroxidase em ‘Goldex’ e ‘McLaren’. Maior catalase foi obtida pela aplicação de Nov@®, enquanto que o uso de Folicist® resultou em maior teor de malondialdeído. A cultivar McLaren apresentou o melhor desempenho fisiológico e bioquímico e a ‘Goldex’ o melhor rendimento. Folicist® promove adaptações fisiológicas aos estresses sem prejudicar a atividade fotossintética. Os bioestimulantes aumentaram a produtividade e o número de frutos por planta e promoveram adaptações fisiológicas às condições semiáridas. plantas Cucumis L. L Brasil Norte climáticas meloeiro Acadian Acadian® Folicist Nov Nov@ bioestimulantes, , bioestimulantes) ‘Goldex Goldex ‘McLaren. ‘McLaren . ‘McLaren’ CO2 CO estomática malondialdeído rendimento fotossintética semiáridas

ABSTRACT Regions with semi-arid climates have environmental conditions that result in abiotic stress to plants. The largest melon (Cucumis melo L.) production area in Brazil, the state of Rio Grande do Norte, has these climatic characteristics. Use of biostimulants in these production systems can mitigate effects of abiotic stress and increase yield and fruit quality. The objective in this study was to evaluate the physiological and production characteristics of melon, under the application of biostimulants. The biostimulants Acadian®, Folicist® and Nov@® were applied and compared to the control treatment (no biostimulants), in ‘Goldex’ and ‘McLaren’ melons. Nov@® led to higher CO2 assimilation, transpiration and stomatal conductance, as well as ascorbate peroxidase, in ‘Goldex’ and ‘McLaren’. Greater catalase was obtained with the application of Nov@®, while the use of Folicist® resulted in higher malondialdehyde content. The cultivar ‘McLaren’ exhibited the best physiological and biochemical performance, and ‘Goldex’ the best yield. Folicist® promotes physiological adaptations to stress without impairing photosynthetic activity. The biostimulants increased yield and number of fruits per plant and promoted physiological adaptations to semi-arid conditions. semiarid semi arid plants Cucumis L. L Brazil Norte quality Acadian Acadian® Folicist Nov Nov@ no biostimulants, , biostimulants) ‘Goldex Goldex ‘McLaren McLaren melons CO assimilation conductance peroxidase ‘McLaren. . content performance activity

ABSTRACT Salinity stress immensely inhibits rice (Oryza sativa L.) growth, development, and productivity. Hence, two rice introgression lines, Morkho60-2 and BC4F4 132-12-61, were previously developed from ‘RD6’ rice via marker-assisted backcrossing and their adaptive salt-tolerant mechanisms were characterized in this study. Their seedling physiological and transcriptional responses to salinity stress were observed in comparison to the parental ‘RD6’ and ‘Pokkali’. The salt stress responses were assessed under 150 mM NaCl treatment for 9 d. Interestingly, like ‘Pokkali’, salinity did not affect the growth parameters of the new rice genotypes. ‘Pokkali’, Morkho60-2, and BC4F4 132-12-61 also showed lower shoot Na+ content (0.91-1.05 vs. 2.83 mg g-1 DW), and higher selective transport of K+ over Na+ (i.e., ST value of 6.57-10.98 vs. 2.65) than RD6 genotype under salinity stress. Accordingly, the partial least squares-discriminant analysis of all physiological parameters suggested shoot Na+ accumulation and ST value as the key discriminating parameters between ‘RD6’ and the new genotypes. Transcriptional responses of Na+ homeostasis-related genes further supported the findings. In comparison to the salt susceptible ‘RD6’ rice, Na+ vacuolar compartmentalization was suggested in Morkho60-2 roots due to the higher abundance of OsNHX1 (i.e., relative expression of 2.65 vs. 1.59) and OsNHX2 (2.42 vs. 1.29) transcripts. Morkho60-2 also displayed a significant upregulation of root OsSOS1 (2.02 vs. 1.18), which may contribute to root Na+ exclusion. Therefore, we suggest that selective transport of K+ over Na+ and Na+ exclusion enhanced ion homeostasis in the newly improved rice genotypes, allowing the seedlings to adapt to the saline condition.

Abstract Introduction: The master's degree program in nursing offered by the Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa through the Culiacan School of Nursing contemplates that graduates should develop competencies and provide answers to problems related to nursing care. Objective: To describe experiences of graduates of the master's degree in nursing from the Culiacan School of Nursing. Methodology: Qualitative, descriptive, phenomenological, and interpretative study using the technique of in-depth interviews, supported by a semi-structured guide and with informed consent, applied to six graduates of the master's degree in nursing. The data were processed through thematic content analysis by De Souza Minayo in 3 stages: ordering and open coding, data classification, and horizontal and cross-sectional analysis, with which a category and two subcategories were obtained. The final analysis was carried out through an inflection from empirical to theoretical and vice versa. Results: In the experiences lived by the graduates, emotions experienced during the development of research competencies were identified; these emotions affected their cognitive process by living with stress, despair, fear, or depression, and these emotions led them to be competent in research, database search, use of software, and publishing skills. Conclusions: After their experiences in the master's degree program in nursing, the graduates showed that they had lived emotions that affected their mental health, facing physiological and emotional problems derived from the stress experienced. As for their research skills, they reported being able to search databases, perform critical analysis, and even publish a scientific article.

Abstrato Introdução: O programa de mestrado em enfermagem oferecido pela Universidade Autônoma de Sinaloa, por meio da Faculdade de Enfermagem de Culiacán, contempla que os graduados desenvolvam competências que respondam aos problemas relacionados ao cuidado de enfermagem. Objetivo: Descrever as experiências da egressa do mestrado em enfermagem da Faculdade de Enfermagem de Culiacán. Metodologia: Estudo qualitativo, descritivo, fenomenológico e interpretativo, técnica: entrevistas em profundidade, com apoio de roteiro semiestruturado, sob consentimento informado a seis egressos do programa de mestrado em enfermagem. Dados processados através da análise de conteúdo temática de Souza Minayo em 3 etapas: ordenação e codificação aberta, classificação dos dados, análise horizontal e transversal, obtenção de uma categoria e duas subcategorias, análise final através da inflexão do empírico para o teórico e vice-versa. Resultados: Nas experiências vividas pelos egressos foram identificadas emoções vivenciadas durante o desenvolvimento das competências de pesquisa, onde as emoções afetaram seu processo cognitivo ao conviver com estresse, desespero, medo ou depressão e nas competências de pesquisa os levaram a serem competentes, realizar banco de dados pesquisa, uso de software e capacidade de publicar. Conclusões: Os egressos evidenciaram após suas vivências no mestrado em enfermagem que vivenciaram emoções que afetaram sua saúde mental, ao enfrentarem problemas fisiológicos e emocionais derivados do estresse vivenciado, para o desenvolvimento de habilidades de pesquisa que relataram ser capazes de realizar uma busca em bases de dados, uma análise crítica, até a publicação de um artigo científico.

Resumen Introducción: El programa de maestría en enfermería que oferta la Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa a través de la Facultad de Enfermería Culiacán, contempla que los egresados desarrollen competencias, que den respuesta a problemas relacionados con el cuidado enfermero. Objetivo: Describir las experiencias del egresado de la maestría en enfermería de la Facultad de Enfermería Culiacán. Metodología: Estudio cualitativo, descriptivo, fenomenológico e interpretativo, empleando la técnica de entrevistas a profundidad, con apoyo de guía semiestructurada, bajo consentimiento informado a seis egresados del programa de maestría en enfermería. Datos procesados a través de análisis de contenido tipo temático por de Souza Minayo en 3 etapas: ordenamiento y codificación abierta, clasificación de datos, análisis horizontal y transversal, obteniendo una categoría y dos subcategorías, análisis final a través de inflexión de empírico a teórico y viceversa. Resultados: En las experiencias vividas por los egresados se identificaron emociones vividas durante el desarrollo de competencias en investigación, donde las emociones afectaron su proceso cognitivo al vivir con estrés, desesperación, temor o depresión y en competencias en investigación los llevaron a ser competentes, al realizar búsqueda en bases de datos, uso de software, y habilidad para publicar. Conclusiones: Los egresados evidenciaron tras sus experiencias en la maestría en enfermería haber vivido emociones que afectaron su salud mental, al enfrentar problemas fisiológicos y emocionales derivados del estrés experimentado, al desarrollo de competencias en investigación refirieron ser capaces de realizar una búsqueda en bases de datos, un análisis crítico, hasta lograr publicar un artículo científico.

Abstract Introduction. The parameters of physiological response to drought stress are the result of a combination of slow- or fast-acting attributes. Gas exchange variables are classified as fast-acting and their level of occurrence or impact depends on the interaction between factors such as genotype and the duration, intensity, and phenological stage of stress occurrence. Objective. To identify the levels of physiological response exhibited by Solanum phureja under progressive water deficit stress. Materials and methods. The experiment was conducted between 2019 and 2020 under semi-controlled conditions at the Obonuco Research Center of the Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria. Four potato cultivars were planted, with half of the trial was maintained at field capacity and the other half subjected to water deficit stress by withholding irrigation for 15 days, followed by rehydration. Gas exchange variables, chlorophyll content, and photosynthetic efficiency were evaluated every three days. Results. Significant differences were observed, with maximum gas exchange values in control plants showing 16.67 µmol m-2 s-1 photosynthesis rate (A); 0.34 mol m-2 s-1 stomatal conductance (gs); 5.5 mmol m-2 s-1 transpiration (E), and under stress, 1.17 µmol m-2 s-1 (A); 0.013 mol m-2 s-1 (gs); 0.29 mmol m-2 s-1 (E). Chlorophyll content values ranged between 451.7 and 474.69 mg m-2 with and without irrigation, respectively. Conclusions. Stomatic closure was the earliest response to water deficit, and potato plants showed recovery in gas exchange values after rehydration following stress. Finally, three levels of physiological response were identified: mild, moderate, and severe stress, depending on the intensity and duration of stress, which is useful for future studies and the development of irrigation schedules.

Resumen Introducción. Los parámetros de respuesta fisiológica al estrés por sequía son la conjugación de una serie de atributos de acción lenta o rápida. Las variables de intercambio gaseoso son catalogadas como de respuesta rápida, su nivel de aparición o afección dependen de la interacción entre factores como el genotipo y duración, intensidad y etapa fenológica de ocurrencia del estrés. Objetivo. Identificar los niveles de respuesta fisiológica que presenta Solanum phureja bajo el estrés progresivo por déficit hídrico. Materiales y métodos. El experimento se realizó entre 2019 y 2020, bajo condiciones semi-controladas en el Centro de Investigación Obonuco de la Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria. Se sembraron cuatro cultivares de papa, la mitad del ensayo se mantuvo con riego a capacidad de campo y a la otra parte se le suspendió para inducir estrés por déficit hídrico durante 15 días, luego se rehidrataron; se evaluaron variables de intercambio gaseoso, clorofila y eficiencia fotosintética cada tres días. Resultados. Se presentaron diferencias significativas con los valores máximos de intercambio gaseoso en plantas del tratamiento control con 16,67 µmol m-2 s-1 tasa de fotosíntesis (A); 0,34 mol m-2 s-1 conductancia estomática (gs) 5,5 mmol m-2 s-1 transpiración (E) y en estrés 1,17 µmol m-2 s-1 (A); 0,013 mol m-2 s-1 (gs); 0,29 mmol m-2 s-1 (E). En cuanto al contenido de clorofila, se presentaron valores entre 451,7 y 474,69 mg m-2 con riego y sin riego, respectivamente. Conclusiones. El cierre estomático fue la respuesta más temprana al déficit hídrico, además, las plantas de papa presentaron recuperación de los valores de intercambio gaseoso después del suministro de riego posterior al estrés. Finalmente, se identificaron tres niveles de respuesta fisiológica, estrés leve, moderado y severo, según la intensidad y duración del estrés, lo cual es de utilidad para futuros estudios y planteamientos de calendarios de riego.

Summary: Currently, agricultural activity is constantly threatened by the effects of climate change and radical expression of environmental factors as irregular rainfall distribution responsible for water availability and deficit. These factors generate water stress in productive systems, whose negative effect is reflected on morphological, physiological and biochemical aspects of vegetative growth. The use of biostimulants arises as a strategy to counteract this impact, improving crop efficiency in the use of resources and generating responses, as metabolite production, among other substances that mitigate the effects of oxidative stress. In this context, waxes, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), salicylic acid (SA) and ALGAENZIMSMR were used on raspberry plants subjected to moderate water stress (-0. 8 MPa) to evaluate the fruit response in aspects of vegetative growth, physiological and biochemical quality. For the establishment, a completely randomized design was used with 5 treatments: Green Cover as 5 mL L-1, H2O2 10-4 M, salicylic acid 0.27 mM, ALGAENZIMSMR 7.5 mL L-1 and the control with 50% recovery of the transpired volume as well as water potential similar to the rest of plants and 4 replicates. The results showed that waxes, SA and algal extract increased the photosynthetic rate; the four treatments increased root length; waxes increased root height; and H2O2 increased root biomass. Compared to the control, higher levels of vitamin C and anthocyanins were produced in fruits - a very important aspect due to the functionality of these compounds in human health. Therefore, the use of these biostimulants are a very useful tool for crop management in environments with water restriction.

Resumen: En la actualidad la actividad agrícola se ve amenazada constantemente por los efectos del cambio climático y la expresión radical de los factores ambientales, como la irregularidad en la distribución pluvial responsable de la disponibilidad del agua y déficit, que genera estrés hídrico en los sistemas productivos, cuyo efecto negativo se refleja en aspectos de crecimiento vegetativo, morfológicos, fisiológicos y bioquímicos. El uso de bioestimulantes surge como estrategia para contrarrestar este impacto, mejorando la eficiencia de los cultivos en el uso de los recursos y generar respuestas, como la producción de metabolitos entre otras sustancias, que mitigan los efectos del estrés oxidativo. Bajo este contexto se planteó el uso de ceras, peróxido de hidrogeno (H2O2), ácido salicílico (AS) y algaenzims, sobre plantas de frambuesa sometidas a estrés hídrico moderado (-0.8 MPa) con el objetivo de evaluar la respuesta en aspectos de crecimiento vegetativo, fisiológicos y calidad bioquímica de frutos, para el establecimiento se empleó un diseño completamente al azar con 5 tratamientos: greencover as® 5 mL L-1, H2O2 10-4 M, ácido salicílico 0.27 mM, algaenzims® 7.5 mL L-1 y el control con recuperación del 50% del volumen transpirado y con potencial hídrico similar al resto de plantas y 4 repeticiones. Como resultados se obtuvo que las ceras, AS y el extracto de algas incrementaron la tasa fotosintética, los cuatro tratamientos aumentaron la longitud de raíces, las ceras la altura, y el H2O2 la biomasa de raíz. Por otro lado, en comparación con el control, se produjeron mayores niveles de vitamina C y antocianinas en frutos, un aspecto muy importante por la funcionalidad de estos compuestos en la salud humana. Por lo tanto, el uso de estos bioestimulantes se puede visualizar como una herramienta de gran utilidad para el manejo de cultivos en ambientes con restricción de agua.

Abstract Introduction: First responders in emergencies are exposed to psychosocial factors that can increase the risk of stress, due, among other variables, to the conditions of the functions performed, which can undermine the health status of this population. Objective: Determine the symptoms that reveal the presence of stress reactions in first responders to emergencies and their association with age and seniority in the institution. Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out that included first responders to emergencies from a fire department in Colombia, 215 participants. An association was made between the level of stress and the variables age and seniority. Results: A high and very high stress level of 50.3% was found. Physiological and social behavior symptoms presented the highest levels. Older workers had greater stress. There was no association with length of service. Conclusion: More than half of the population has high and very high stress levels. The oldest emergency first responders were those with the highest risk levels of stress.

Resumen Introducción: Los trabajadores de primera respuesta a emergencias se encuentra expuestos a factores psicosociales que pueden incrementar el riesgo de estrés, debido, entre otras variables, a las condiciones propias de las funciones ejercidas lo cual puede menoscabar el estado de salud de esta población. Objetivo: Determinar los síntomas reveladores de la presencia de reacciones de estrés en personal de primera respuesta a emergencias y su asociación con la edad y la antigüedad en la institución. Método: Se realizó un estudio transversal que incluyó el personal de primera respuesta a emergencias de una institución de bomberos en Colombia, 215 participantes. Se realizó asociación entre el nivel de estrés y las variables edad y antigüedad. Resultados: Se encontró un nivel de estrés alto y muy alto del 50.3%. Los síntomas fisiológicos y de comportamiento social presentaron los niveles más altos. Los trabajadores con mayor edad presentaron mayor estrés. No se presentó asociación con la antigüedad en el cargo. Conclusión: Más de la mitad de la población tiene niveles de estrés alto y muy alto. Los trabajadores de primera respuesta a emergencias con mayor edad fueron los que presentaron niveles de riesgo más alto de estrés.

Abstract Introduction: Passiflora tripartita var. mollissima (banana passionfruit) is one of the most promising exotic tropical fruits from the diversity of the Passifloraceae family in South America, because of its organoleptic properties and antioxidant activity. Objective: To evaluate the physiological and anatomical responses of banana passionfruit plants under water deficit to better understand the mechanisms that mitigate this stress and affect the production of crops subject to climate change and global warming. Methods: Three-month-old seedlings of banana passionfruit were subjected to a soil water deficit through an irrigation reduction at 70 % for 49 days under greenhouse conditions. Morphology (leaf area, height, and number of leaves) and physiological (stomatal conductance, Fv/Fm, total chlorophyll content) measurements were made through time, and after the irrigation treatments were measured biomass parameters and anatomical foliar traits. Results: The plants experienced a decrease in height, leaf area, number of leaves, leaf area index, and relative water content, that are common responses in plants subjected to reduced irrigation. Additionally, the plants exhibited certain mechanisms that can be attributed to water deficit tolerance such as higher root:shoot ratio, stomatal closing, an increase in stomatal density, a reduction in mesophyll tissue thickness, and a decrease in the number of vessels and its diameter as they enable the banana passionfruit to reduce water loss and decrease the probability of cavitation in xylem vessels. Conclusions: banana passionfruit plants could implement strategies against water scarcity, allowing them to survive and endure challenging environmental conditions.

Resumen Introducción: Passiflora tripartita var. mollissima (banana passionfruit - curuba) es una de las frutas tropicales exóticas de la diversidad de la familia Passifloraceae en Sudamérica, promisoria por sus propiedades organolépticas y actividad antioxidante. Objetivo: Evaluar las respuestas fisiológicas y anatómicas de la curuba bajo déficit hídrico con el fin de comprender mejor los mecanismos que mitigan este estrés y afectan la producción de sus cultivos, que están sujetos al cambio climático y al calentamiento global. Métodos: Plántulas de 3 meses de edad se sometieron a un déficit hídrico mediante una reducción del riego al 70 % durante 49 días en condiciones de invernadero. Se realizaron mediciones morfológicas (área foliar, altura y número de hojas) y fisiológicas (conductancia estomática, Fv/Fm, contenido de clorofilas) a lo largo del tiempo, y transcurridos los tratamientos de irrigación se midieron parámetros de biomasa, además de rasgos anatómicos foliares. Resultados: Las plantas experimentaron una disminución en la altura, área foliar, número de hojas, índice de área foliar y contenido relativo de agua, respuestas comunes en plantas sometidas a una irrigación reducida. Adicionalmente, las plantas exhibieron ciertos mecanismos que pueden atribuirse a la tolerancia al déficit hídrico tales como una mayor relación raíz:vástago, cierre de estomas, un aumento en la densidad estomática, una reducción en el grosor del tejido del mesófilo y una disminución en el número de vasos del xilema y su diámetro; pues le permiten a la curuba disminuir la pérdida de agua y reducir la probabilidad de cavitación en los vasos del xilema. Conclusiones: Las plantas de la curuba tienen la capacidad de implementar estrategias de mitigación frente al déficit hídrico, lo que les permite sobrevivir y soportar condiciones ambientales desafiantes.

ABSTRACT Heat and drought stress, which often co-occur due to water evaporation, are two major abiotic factors limiting the production of rice (Oryza sativa L.) It is crucial to enhance understanding of the effects of these abiotic stresses in rice, particularly for rice-producing countries like Malaysia, which has yet to achieve rice self-sufficiency. This greenhouse study was conducted to evaluate the morphological changes of two important Malaysian cultivars (‘MR219’ and ‘MR303’) at vegetative, reproductive, and ripening stages, as well as their physiological response and yield components under normal (control), heat, drought, and combined heat-drought stress conditions. Individual heat stress greatly influenced rice growth and yield, with significant differences (p < 0.01) observed across all examined parameters except the grain to leaf area index ratio (GtoLAI). Conversely, individual drought stress mostly affected yield-related parameters, with significant differences (p < 0.01) in grain weight (GW), harvest index (HI), and percentage of filled grain (%FG). Interestingly, the combined stresses in this study did not significantly affect plant height (PH) for all growth stages and most yield-related traits (HI, GW, and GtoLAI). The majority of the significant changes (p < 0.01) were observed on physiological traits, including chlorophyll a (Chl A) and b (Chl B). We found a positive correlation between HI and %FG (R2 = 0.3974**) under heat and drought stress, indicating that improving either of these traits can boost rice production. Collectively, our study revealed that the individual effects of heat and drought on rice growth and yield can differ from the effects of combined stress.

ABSTRACT Soil salinization restricts crop growth and yield, thereby adversely affecting agricultural development. The stage of seed germination is the most crucial and sensitive stage in the plants’ life cycle and is particularly sensitive to saline-alkali stress. We investigated the effects of different hormonal priming agents, namely melatonin (MT), abscisic acid (ABA) and brassinosteroid (BR), as well as the osmopriming agent, calcium chloride (CaCl2), on the germination of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seeds under saline-alkali stress. Saline-alkali stress was simulated with the solution of 100 mM NaCl and 50 mM NaHCO3/Na2CO3 (9:1). The results indicated that hormonal priming agents (ABA, MT, or BR) significantly alleviated saline-alkali stress-induced inhibition of wheat seed germination. The germination rate of seeds primed with ABA, MT, or BR increased by 21.0%, 11.0%, and 10.5%, respectively. The seeds primed with ABA, MT or BR showed improved activities of α- and β-amylase under saline-alkali stress, with corresponding increases in starch hydrolysis and soluble sugar content, which contributed to seed germination and embryo growth. Hormonal priming (ABA, MT, or BR) also significantly improved antioxidase activities to alleviate oxidative damage in germinating seeds under saline-alkali stress. Seeds primed with ABA (38.7%), MT (37.0%), and BR (31.3%) displayed lower malondialdehyde (MDA) content than the H2O-primed seeds. The ABA exerted the most significant promoting effect on wheat seed germination under saline-alkali stress. The promotional effect of CaCl2 on seed germination was nonsignificant compared with that of hydropriming. The results offer a theoretical and practical basis for applying seed priming to enhance the saline-alkali tolerance of wheat in production.

ABSTRACT: Herbicide promotes physiological and biochemical changes even in tolerant species. The objective of this study was to evaluate the interference of the herbicides clodinafop-propargyl and 2,4-D in the antioxidant system of wheat, and iodosulfuron-methyl in wheat and ryegrass. Two studies, divided into three experiments, were conducted in an entirely randomized design in a greenhouse and phytotron. The first study tested herbicides iodosulfuron-methyl, clodinafop-propargyl, 2,4-D, and a control without application in wheat. The second, divided into two experiments with wheat and ryegrass, tested iodosulfuron-methyl doses (0, 1.75, 3.5, and 7.0 g a.i. ha-1). The variables analyzed were the concentrations of chlorophylls a, b, carotenoids, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), lipid peroxidation (TBARS), electrolyte leakage, and antioxidant system activity. The herbicide treatments iodosulfuron-methyl, clodinafop-propargyl, and 2,4-D decreased the concentrations of chlorophylls and carotenoids in wheat plants. The herbicides promoted oxidative stress with increased H2O2 and TBARS concentrations. Increasing the dose of iodosulfuron-methyl provided a reduction in the activity of the enzymatic antioxidant system in wheat and ryegrass. ABSTRACT species clodinafoppropargyl clodinafop propargyl 2,4D 24D D 2,4 2 4 iodosulfuronmethyl iodosulfuron methyl ryegrass studies phytotron iodosulfuronmethyl, methyl, clodinafoppropargyl, propargyl, 2,4D, D, second 0, 0 (0 175 1 75 1.75 35 3 5 3.5 70 7 7. ai i a.i ha1. ha1 ha . ha-1) b H2O2, HO , H O (H2O2) TBARS, (TBARS) leakage plants H2O 4D 24 2, ( 17 1.7 3. ha-1 (H2O2 (TBARS 1. ha- (H2O

RESUMO: A aplicação de herbicidas promove alterações fisiológicas e bioquímicas mesmo nas espécies tolerantes. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a interferência dos herbicidas clodinafop-propargyl e 2,4-D no sistema antioxidante do trigo, e iodosulfuron-methyl em trigo e azevém. Dois estudos, divididos em três experimentos, foram conduzidos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em casa de vegetação e fitotron. O primeiro estudo testou os herbicidas iodosulfuron-methyl, clodinafop-propargyl, 2,4-D, e testemunha sem aplicação em trigo. O segundo, dividido em dois experimentos com trigo e azevém, testou doses de iodosulfuron-methyl doses (0, 1,75, 3,5, and 7,0 g i.a. ha-1). As variáveis analisadas foram as concentrações de clorofilas a, b, carotenoides, peróxido de hidrogênio (H2O2), peroxidação lipídica (TBARS), extravazamento de eletrólitos e atividade do sistema antioxidante. O uso dos herbicidas iodosulfuron-methyl, clodinafop-propagyl e 2,4-D diminuíram o teor de clorofilas e carotenoides nas plantas de trigo. Os herbicidas promovem estresse oxidativo com aumento no teor de H2O2, TBARS e extravasamento de eletrólitos. O aumento da dose do iodosulfuron-methyl proporciona redução da atividade do sistema antioxidante enzimático no trigo e azevém. RESUMO tolerantes clodinafoppropargyl clodinafop propargyl 2,4D 24D D 2,4 2 4 iodosulfuronmethyl iodosulfuron methyl azevém estudos fitotron iodosulfuronmethyl, methyl, clodinafoppropargyl, propargyl, 2,4D, D, segundo 0, 0 (0 175 1 75 1,75 35 3 5 3,5 70 7 7, ia i i.a ha1. ha1 ha . ha-1) b H2O2 HO , H (H2O2) TBARS, (TBARS) clodinafoppropagyl propagyl 4D 24 2, ( 17 1,7 3, ha-1 H2O (H2O2 (TBARS 1, ha- (H2O

ABSTRACT Drought is a significant abiotic constraint in Salvia miltiorrhiza production, particularly during seedling cultivation. Therefore, researching drought resistance is crucial. This study aimed to investigate the effects of drought stress on the agronomic and physiological characteristics of S. miltiorrhiza at the seedling stage, evaluate drought resistance of various germplasms, and identify drought resistance markers. To simulate drought stress, five different concentrations of polyethylene glycol (PEG) (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) were applied to four S. miltiorrhiza germplasms at the seedling stage. Agronomic traits, root morphology, and physiological and biochemical indicators were measured. The data were then analyzed using the membership function method, correlation analysis, and stepwise regression analysis. The results revealed that as the PEG concentration increased, the aboveground agronomic traits and underground root morphology of the four S. miltiorrhiza germplasms showed a decline. The activities of catalase and peroxidase initially increased and then decreased, while the contents of soluble sugar (SS), soluble protein, and proline increased compared to the control. Based on the membership function values of 16 morphological and physiological indicators, the drought resistance order of the four S. miltiorrhiza germplasms was as follows: Yudanshen VD > Yudanshen VA > Yudanshen VB > Yudanshen VC. Additionally, an optimal regression equation (D = 0.887X1 - 0.003X2 + 0.142X3) was developed through stepwise regression analysis, indicating that X1, X2, and X3 represent the maximum root length, root surface area, and SS content, respectively. Consequently, this study presents a comprehensive and reliable method for evaluating drought resistance in S. miltiorrhiza germplasm resources.

ABSTRACT Red chili pepper Capsicum annuum L. var. annuum plants are one of the fruity vegetable types that are often cultivated in riparian tropical wetlands but are constrained by water stress such as waterlogging during rainy season and drought in dry season. The aim of this research was to evaluate the growth and morpho-physiological responses of red chili pepper cultivars subjected to waterlogging and drought stress conditions. The experiment was carried out in a strip-plot design with two factors. The first factor was three water stress treatments, namely control (field capacity), waterlogging, and drought. The second factor was six cultivars of Indonesian red chili pepper. The findings indicated that both waterlogging and drought stress had a detrimental impact on the reduction of the growth parameters of red chili pepper such as root, shoot and total dry weight. Chili pepper defended its root weights in response to drought stress (0.653 g plant-1) whereas it preserved shoot weight in response to waterlogging (0.913 g plant-1). In the morphological characters, chili pepper exhibited an increase in specific leaf area expansion in response to both waterlogging (150.82 cm2) and drought (188.82 cm2) compared to control (140.91 cm2), but decreased specific leaf weight during stresses and recovered after 7 d in waterlogging. Leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD) and leaf relative water content (LRWC), as physiological characteristics, also experienced a decline during exposure to both waterlogging and drought during 8 d; yet, SPAD and LRWC able to recover completely at 7 d after waterlogging and drought treatment were terminated.

Abstract Currently, several industries have opted for the use of Cannabis sativa for different purposes, this time the capacity of the hemp stem fiber in conjunction with the Ralstonia eutropha bacterium for innovation of biodegradable plastics is highlighted, taking advantage of its potential for the generation of PHB (Polyhydroxybutyrate). This review article supports the analysis of sources such as scientific articles and research papers related to the artisanal and industrial manipulation of hemp fibers, as well as previous research regarding the production of PHA by the bacteria. The perspective is to develop a methodology with easily accessible resources in Colombia. The results show that the investigations carried out recently and the raw material is a good factor in economy, management, and progress; Additionally, different studies show that cassava is recognized as a great source of carbon that increases the potential for PHB production by the bacteria. It is concluded that its composting does not require third parties. Still, only the environment because of the power that Ralstonia eutropha has to produce PHB and that under conditions of physiological stress, it is capable of degrading, allowing to reduce the impact of the degradation of the material in the environment without contamination or residual microplastics.

Resumen Actualmente varias industrias de diversa índole han apostado por el uso de Cannabis sativa con diferentes fines, en esta ocasión se resalta la capacidad que tiene la fibra del tallo de cáñamo en conjunto con la bacteria Ralstonia eutropha para la generación de plásticos biodegradables, aprovechando su potencial para la generación de PHB (Polihidroxibutirato). En este artículo de revisión se sustenta el análisis de fuentes como artículos científicos y trabajos de investigación relacionados con la manipulación artesanal e industrial de las fibras de cáñamo, así como también investigaciones previas con respecto a la producción de PHA por parte de la bacteria Ralstonia eutropha. La perspectiva es desarrollar una metodología con recursos de fácil acceso en Colombia. Los resultados arrojan que las investigaciones realizadas recientemente y la materia prima son un buen factor en cuanto economía, manejo y progreso; adicionalmente diferentes estudios evidencian que la yuca se ha reconocido como una gran fuente de carbono que permite aumentar el potencial de producción de PHB por parte de la bacteria. Se concluye que su compostaje no requiera de terceros, solamente del ambiente gracias al poder que posee la Ralstonia eutropha de producir PHB, y que bajo condiciones de estrés fisiológico es capaz de degradarse completamente permitiendo disminuir el impacto de la descomposición del material en el medio ambiente, sin contaminaciones o microplásticos residuales.

Abstract Introduction: Through guided and conscious deep breathing, cardiovascular biofeedback, an innovative technological tool that enables improved cardiac coherence and activation of the parasympathetic nervous system, which are vital for recovering and maintaining ho-meostasis and psycho-emotional health. Objective: To verify the effect of cardiovascular biofeedback on heart rate variability parameters in nursing professionals. Materials and Methods: This is a randomized clinical trial conducted in two groups - biofeedback and placebo - with 115 nursing professionals working in clinical and surgical inpatient units at a university hospital, who presented an overall stress level higher than 1, according to the Stress Symptom Scale. The groups participated in nine appointments over three weeks. The outcome was assessed by rMSSD parameters and cardiac coherence at the end of each appointment, which were measured using EmWave Pro Plus®, which uses photoplethysmography to quantify physiological data related to the heartbeat. The analysis was performed using generalized estimation equations, considering α= 5 %. Results: There was a significant time-group interaction in cardiac coherence parameters; the intervention group presented an increase in the mean cardiac coherence parameters at all measurement times, when compared to the control group (p < 0.001; r > 0.98). There was no significant time-group interaction in the rMSSD parameters at any of the measurement times (p = 0.432). As a mind-body therapy, cardiovascular biofeedback proved to be useful and promising. By promoting parasympathetic activation and relaxation, it is possible to prevent the deleterious effects associated with occupational stressors. Conclusion: The intervention with cardiovascular biofeedback proved to be superior to placebo in improving cardiac coherence, resulting in the recovery of the body's homeostasis. Clinical Trials Register: NCT04446689

Resumen Introducción: A través de la respiración profunda guiada y consciente, el biofeedback cardiovascular, una herramienta tecnológica innovadora, permite mejorar la coherencia cardiaca y la activación del sistema nervioso parasimpático, fundamentales para recuperar y mantener la homeostasis y la salud psicoemocional. Objetivo: Analizar el efecto del biofeedback cardiovascular sobre los parámetros de variabilidad de la frecuencia cardiaca en profesionales de enfermería. Materiales y método: Ensayo clínico aleatorizado con dos grupos -biofeedback y placebo- realizado con 115 profesionales de enfermería que trabajaban en unidades de hospitalización clínica y quirúrgica de un hospital universitario, que presentaban un nivel de estrés global superior a 1, según la Escala de Síntomas de Estrés. Los grupos participaron en nueve reuniones a lo largo de tres semanas. El desenlace se evaluó mediante parámetros de rMSSD y coherencia cardiaca al final de cada reunión, medidos con el EmWave Pro Plus®, que utiliza la fotopletismografía para cuantificar los datos fisiológicos relacionados con los latidos del corazón. El análisis se realizó mediante ecuaciones de estimación generalizada, considerando α = 5%. Resultados: se evidenció una interacción significativa tiempo-grupo en los parámetros de coherencia cardiaca; el grupo de intervención presentó un aumento de los parámetros medios de coherencia cardiaca en todos los momentos de medición en comparación con el grupo de control (p < 0,001; r > 0,98). No hubo una interacción significativa entre el tiempo y el grupo en los parámetros rMSSD en ninguno de los tiempos de medición (p = 0,432). Como terapia mente-cuerpo, el biofeedback cardiovascular demostró ser útil y prometedor, ya que al promover la activación parasimpática y la relajación es posible prevenir los efectos deletéreos asociados a los estresores ocupacionales. Conclusión: La intervención con biofeedback cardiovascular tuvo un efecto mayor que el placebo en la mejora de la coherencia cardiaca, lo que se tradujo en la recuperación de la homeostasis del organismo. Registro Clinical Trials: NCT04446689.

Resumo Introdução: A partir de uma respiração profunda guiada e consciente, o biofeedback cardiovascular, ferramenta tecnológica inovadora, possibilita melhorar a coerência cardíaca e a ativação do sistema nervoso parassimpático, fundamentais para a recuperação e manutenção da homeostase e da saúde psicoemocional. Objetivo: Verificar o efeito do biofeedback cardiovascular sobre os parâmetros da variabilidade da frequência cardíaca dos profissionais da enfermagem. Materiais e método: Ensaio clínico randomizado, com dois grupos - biofeedback e placebo -, realizado com 115 profissionais de enfermagem atuantes em unidades de internação clínica e cirúrgica de um hospital universitário, que apresentaram nível geral de estresse maior que 1, conforme a Escala de Sintomas de Estresse. Os grupos participaram de nove encontros por três semanas. O desfecho foi avaliado pelos parâmetros rMSSD e pela coerência cardíaca, ao final de cada encontro, aferidos através do Em-Wave Pro Plus®, que utiliza fotopletismografia para a quantificação de dados fisiológicos relacionados ao batimento cardíaco. A análise foi feita por equações de estimação generalizadas, considerando α = 5 %. Resultados: Evidenciou-se interação tempo-grupo significativa nos parâmetros da coerência cardíaca; o grupo intervenção teve aumento nas médias dos parâmetros da coerência cardíaca em todos os momentos de aferição quando comparado ao grupo controle (p < 0,001; r > 0,98). Não houve interação tempo-grupo significativa nos parâmetros da rMSSD em nenhum dos momentos de aferição (p = 0,432). Como terapia mente-corpo, o biofeedback cardiovascular mostrou-se útil e promissor, ao promover ativação parassimpática e relaxamento possibilita a prevenção de efeitos deletérios associados aos estressores ocupacionais. Conclusão: Intervenção com biofeedback cardiovascular demonstrou efeito superior a placebo na melhora da coerência cardíaca, refletindo em recuperação da homeostase do organismo. Registro Clinical Trials: NCT04446689.

Abstract L-ascorbic acid is a natural antioxidant produced by plants and their fruits. The abundance of this acid during the development and postharvest ripening of mangoes (Mangifera indica L.) depends on genetic and climatic factors. The mangoes undergo a quarantine hydrothermal treatment before being exported to control the fruit fly. A quarantine hydrothermal treatment consists of immersing mangoes in water at 46.1 °C (118 °F) for 60 to 120 min depending on the size, affecting the L-ascorbic acid content and other quality parameters of the fruit. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of QHT on L-ascorbic acid content, firmness, color, and expression of L-ascorbic acid biosynthesis and recycling genes during mango postharvest. ‘Ataulfo’ mangoes were harvested at physiological ripeness in Escuinapa, Sinaloa in 2019, subjected to QHT (46.1 °C, 75 min), hydrocooled (25 °C, 30 min) and stored at 20 °C for nine days. Mangoes subjected to QHT showed a reduction in L-ascorbic acid content (p≤ 0.05). The firmness of the pulp behaved similarly in fruits with QHT and in control fruits, while the external color of the fruits with a quarantine hydrothermal treatment indicated an advanced ripening process compared to the control fruits (p≤ 0.05). The levels of MiGME1, MiGME2, MiGGP2, and MiMDHAR transcripts increased in response to treatment, suggesting activation of the synthesis and recycling pathway to counteract the abiotic stress caused by the heat to which the mangoes were subjected.

Resumen El ácido L-ascórbico, es un antioxidante natural producido por las plantas y sus frutos. La abundancia de este ácido durante el desarrollo y la maduración poscosecha del mango (Mangifera indica L.) depende de factores genéticos y climáticos. Los mangos se someten a un tratamiento hidrotérmico cuarentenario, antes de su exportación para control de la mosca de la fruta. El un tratamiento hidrotérmico cuarentenario, consiste en sumergir los mangos en agua a 46.1 °C (118 °F) durante 60 a 120 min dependiendo del tamaño, afectando el contenido de ácido L-ascórbico y otros parámetros de calidad del fruto. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el efecto del THC en el contenido de ácido L-ascórbico, la firmeza, el color y la expresión de genes de biosíntesis y reciclaje de ácido L-ascórbico durante la postcosecha del mango. Los mangos ‘Ataulfo’ se cosecharon en madurez fisiológica en Escuinapa, Sinaloa en el año 2019, se sometieron a THC (46.1 °C, 75 min), hidroenfriado (25 °C, 30 min) y se almacenaron a 20 °C por nueve días. Los mangos sometidos al THC mostraron reducción en el contenido de ácido L-ascórbico (p≤ 0.05). La firmeza de la pulpa se comportó similar en frutos con THC y en frutos testigo, mientras que el color externo de los frutos con un tratamiento hidrotérmico cuarentenario e indicó un proceso de maduración adelantado respecto a los frutos testigo (p≤ 0.05). Los niveles de transcritos MiGME1, MiGME2, MiGGP2 y MiMDHAR aumentaron en respuesta al tratamiento, lo que sugiere la activación de la ruta de síntesis y reciclaje para contrarrestar el estrés abiótico ocasionado por el calor al que se sometieron los mangos.