Resumen Marco contextual: La hospitalización y la intervención quirúrgica son percibidas por el niño como acontecimientos amenazantes que repercuten en su comportamiento, concretamente en la ansiedad y el miedo. Objetivo: Evaluar la eficacia de una película preparatoria para los procedimientos que deben realizarse antes de la cirugía ambulatoria con el fin de reducir la ansiedad y el miedo. Metodología: Estudio aleatorizado y controlado en el que participaron 60 niños (de 6 a 14 años) sometidos a cirugía ambulatoria. El grupo de intervención vio una película en el periodo preoperatorio y el grupo de control recibió los cuidados habituales. La eficacia de la película se midió con la escala Children’s Anxiety Meter-State y el miedo con la Children’s Fear Scale. Resultados: No hubo diferencias significativas (p > 0,05) entre el grupo de intervención que vio la película y el grupo de control que siguió los cuidados preoperatorios habituales. Conclusión: Es importante evaluar con precisión si los costes de esta intervención compensan los beneficios. Se sugiere seguir investigando en este ámbito, ajustando otros programas que resulten más eficaces en este contexto.

Resumo Enquadramento: A hospitalização e a cirurgia são consideradas pela criança como eventos ameaçadores e com repercussões no seu comportamento, nomeadamente ansiedade e medo. Objetivo: Avaliar a efetividade de um filme preparatório para procedimentos a realizar antes de uma cirurgia de ambulatório visando a redução da ansiedade e medo. Metodologia: Estudo randomizado, controlado, envolvendo 60 crianças (6-14 anos), submetidas a cirurgia de ambulatório. O grupo de intervenção visualizou um filme no período pré-operatório e o grupo de controlo recebeu os cuidados habituais. A efetividade do filme foi medida através da escala de ansiedade Children’s Anxiety Meter-State e o medo pela escala Children’s Fear Scale. Resultados: Não se observaram diferenças significativas (p > 0,05) entre o grupo de intervenção que visualizou o filme e o grupo de controlo que seguiu os cuidados pré-operatórios habituais. Conclusão: Importa avaliar de forma precisa se os custos envolvidos nesta intervenção compensam os benefícios. Sugere-se mais investigação nesta área, ajustando outros programas que se revelem mais efetivos neste contexto.

Abstract Background: Children often perceive hospitalization and surgery as threatening events that can lead to feelings of anxiety and fear. These feelings may affect their behaviors. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of an educational video in reducing anxiety and fear before outpatient surgery. Methodology: A randomized controlled study was conducted with 60 children (6 - 14 years old) undergoing outpatient surgery. The intervention group watched an educational video during the preoperative period, while the control group received standard preoperative care. The effectiveness of the video was measured using the Children’s Anxiety Meter-State scale, and fear was measured using the Children’s Fear Scale. Results: No significant differences (p > 0.05) were found between the intervention group that watched the video and the control group that received standard preoperative care. Conclusion: An accurate assessment of whether the costs of this intervention outweigh the benefits is essential. Further research is recommended, particularly in adapting other programs that have proven more effective in this context.

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the relationship between the perceived usefulness of e-learning, anxiety, physical activity, and eating habits during the COVID-19 lockdown in university students. Methodology: A cross-sectional study involving 102 health undergraduate students (23 men, 79 women, average age 22.32 years). They responded to surveys on the perception of e-learning, eating habits, physical activity, and anxiety. Results: Simple linear regression models show that the perceived usefulness of e-learning predicts trait anxiety (F(1,100) = 9.13, p < 0.01, R 2 = 0.084) and state anxiety (F(1,100) = 11.66, p < 0.01, R 2 = 0.104). In turn, trait anxiety (F(1,100) = 8.35, p = 0.01, R 2 = 0.078) and state anxiety (F(1,100) = 6.55, p < 0.05, R 2 = 0.062) predict healthy eating habits. Conclusions: A positive perception of e-learning decreases anxiety. High levels of anxiety are associated with poorer eating habits. This indicates that reducing anxiety can improve eating habits.

Resumen Objetivo: Evaluar la relación entre la percepción de utilidad del e-learning, ansiedad, actividad física y hábitos alimenticios durante el confinamiento por COVID-19 en estudiantes universitarios. Metodología: Estudio transversal en 102 alumnos de licenciatura en salud (23 hombres, 79 mujeres, edad promedio 22.32 años). Respondieron encuestas sobre la percepción de e-learning, hábitos alimenticios, actividad física y ansiedad. Resultados. Los modelos de regresión lineal simple muestran que la percepción de utilidad de e-learning predice la ansiedad rasgo (F(1,100) = 9.13, p < 0.01, R 2 = 0.084) y estado (F(1,100) = 11.66, p < 0.01, R 2 = 0.104), y a su vez, la ansiedad rasgo (F(1,100) = 8.35, p = .01, R 2 = 0.078) y estado (F(1,100) = 6.55, p < 0.05, R 2 = 0.062) son predictoras de hábitos de alimentación saludable. Conclusiones: La percepción positiva del e-learning disminuye la ansiedad. Niveles altos de ansiedad se asocian con peores hábitos alimenticios. Esto indica que reducir la ansiedad puede mejorar los hábitos alimenticios.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the fear, anxiety, and knowledge level in women who underwent gynecological surgical procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 188 women who underwent a gynecologic surgical operation in Muğla, Turkey. Data were collected by using demographics and obstetric detail form, questionnaire on knowledge, attitudes, and practice toward COVID-19, and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-I (STAI-I). RESULTS: Most of the women perceived their surgical process as very urgent. Women felt fear mostly for being infected with the virus, and they were afraid of transmitting COVID-19 to another one. The COVID-19 knowledge scores of women who had undergone cancer surgery were statistically significantly higher than others (p=0.017). The STAI-I scores of women increased as their COVID-19 knowledge scores increased (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that women were afraid of COVID-19 infection during gynecological operation and due to hospitalization, sociodemographic characteristics affected the knowledge levels about COVID-19 infection, and the anxiety levels of the women. Planning appropriate interventions to decrease the fear and anxiety of women who undergo gynecological surgery during the pandemic is important to ensure that women adhere to their treatment and follow-up in the postoperative period. OBJECTIVE COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 METHODS crosssectional cross sectional 18 Muğla Turkey form attitudes COVID19, 19, StateTrait State Trait InventoryI Inventory I STAII. STAII STAI . (STAI-I) RESULTS urgent virus one p=0.017. p0017 p p=0.017 0 017 (p=0.017) p<0.05. p005 p<0.05 05 (p<0.05) CONCLUSION hospitalization followup follow up period COVID1 1 COVID- (STAI-I p001 p=0.01 01 (p=0.017 p00 p<0.0 (p<0.05 p=0.0 (p=0.01 p0 p<0. (p<0.0 p=0. (p=0.0 p<0 (p<0. p=0 (p=0. p< (p<0 p= (p=0 (p< (p= (p

Heelwat navorsing is al gedoen in 'n poging om 'n greep op aspekte van goeie en slegte plaaslike regering te kry. 'n Kernvraag wat steeds onbeantwoord bly is die volgende: Wat is "plaaslike regering", en hoe kan die werklikheid waarna die begrip verwys, verstaan en herken word? 'n Begripsraamwerk van "plaaslike regering" is onlangs ontwikkel bestaande uit die herkenbare eienskappe van die begrip om dit te identifiseer. Gepaardgaande daarmee is 'n sosiale ontologie van sorg vir "plaaslike regering" ontwikkel. Die veronderstelling is dat plaaslike regerings in Suid-Afrika en ander lande aan die hand van daardie eienskappe herken sal word. Binne die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks is daar egter 'n moontlike nietipiese voorbeeld van plaaslike regering, naamlik Orania, 'n bestaande dorp binne die geografiese gebied van die Thembelihle Plaaslike Munisipaliteit in die Noord-Kaapprovinsie. Orania is nie 'n muni-sipaliteit ingevolge die Suid-Afrikaanse grondwet en wetlike raamwerk nie. Die vraag is gevolglik of Orania wel as 'n "plaaslike regering" beskou kan word. In antwoord op die vraag gee hierdie artikel 'n ontiese¹ beskrywing van Orania aan die hand van die gekose begripsraamwerk en sosiale ontologie van sorg. Dit blyk uit die beskrywing en ontleding daarvan dat Orania wel aan die institusionele, funksionele en territoriale eienskappe van die begrip "plaaslike regering" voldoen en op 'n outentieke wyse as plaaslike regering funksioneer. Die gevallestudie wys dat 'n outentieke plaaslike regering een is wat 'n integrerende deel uitmaak van sy plaaslike gemeenskap en omsluitende wêrelde, wat voortdurende ongemak met die hede beleef en met sorg, besorgdheid en sorgsaamheid daarop reageer.

Much research has been conducted to grasp aspects of good and bad local governance. A central question that remains unanswered is: What constitutes "local government" and how can the reality to which this concept refers be understood and recognised? Recently, a conceptual framework was developed by identifying recognisable characteristics of this concept's reference. The assumption is that local governments in South Africa and other countries will be recognised based on these characteristics. Alongside this, a social ontology of care for "local government" was established. However, within the South African context, a potentially atypical example of local government is found, namely Orania, an existing town situated within the geographical area of the Thembelihle Local Municipality in the Northern Cape province. Orania is not a municipality in terms of the South African constitution and legal framework. The question thus arises whether Orania can indeed be considered a "local government". In response to this query, this article provides a description of Orania using the chosen conceptual framework and social ontology of care as part of a case study design. The analysis and ontological description ofOrania, by means of the conceptual framework, reveal that the phenomenon of Orania does indeed possess a territorial jurisdictional sphere (the Orania Overlay Zone), a democratically elected representative council (the OVR), and a Town Council and its administration that performs a range of local functions and responsibilities. While the territory of a municipality is generally determined by authorising measures or decisions by other jurisdictions (such as province, state, and national government), the territorial area known as the Orania Overlay Zone results from the purchase and cultivation of land by members of a homogeneous cultural community. Therefore, the territory is not only a demarcation of jurisdiction, but the place to which this community is connected. The institutional aspect of local government is likely a universal feature. The nature and scope of the institutional structure of local governments are often also the result of standardised external authorising measures or decisions by other jurisdictions. Consequently, the structures may not necessarily resonate with the needs and resources of the sometimes diverse society that constitutes the inhabitants of such an area. In the case of Orania, the institutional structure of local government (the OVR and the Town Council) is directly determined by the community, as represented by various land entities, based on the community's specific needs and available resources. The performance of a limited range of local functions can also be considered a universal feature of local government. In this particular case, the functions of the relevant local government are determined by its decision-making bodies, such as the Town Council, in consultation with the community as represented by the various land entities. Consequently, typical local government functions are performed according to the community's needs and available resources. Non-typical local government functions, such as residence rights, are performed within the general scope of the 1996 Constitution of the Republic of South Africa and other national legislation. The analysis confirmed that Orania meets the characteristics consistent with the concept of "local government" as outlined in the conceptual framework. Additionally, viewing Orania through the theoretical lens of social ontology of care highlights that it is a human construct, making objective observation and description challenging. Orania is a network of interconnected individuals and social institutions situated within overlapping human, spiritual, natural, territorial, and political worlds. The authenticity of this existence lies in its concern for the affairs of the world in which it is situated and the conscientiousness with which it carries out its functions in conjunction with others. The case study shows that an authentic local government is one that forms an integral part of its local community and surrounding worlds, continually experiencing discomfort (anxiety) with the present, and responding to that anxiety with care, concern, and nurturing for society and its things.

A gravidez na adolescência é um problema significativo de saúde pública no Brasil, contribuindo para altas taxas de morbimortalidade entre mulheres jovens. Durante a gestação, muitas adolescentes abandonam a escola e o trabalho, o que resulta em menor qualificação e maior vulnerabilidade ao mercado de trabalho informal. Além disso, as adolescentes grávidas enfrentam riscos elevados de complicações gestacionais e desafios emocionais, como ansiedade e depressão. A pandemia exacerbou essas vulnerabilidades, especialmente em relação ao abuso doméstico, devido ao isolamento social. Este estudo justifica-se pela necessidade de compreender o perfil demográfico e as características das parturientes adolescentes no Ceará entre 2020 e 2022, oferecendo subsídios para políticas públicas que visem melhorar a qualidade de vida dessas jovens e de seus filhos. Todos os dados foram analisados utilizando R. Durante o período analisado, foram registrados 331.924 nascimentos vivos no Ceará, dos quais 21.667 (6,53%) eram de mães com idade igual ou inferior a 17 anos. A idade média das mães adolescentes foi de 15,93 ± 1,11 anos, enquanto a média para as mães adultas foi de 28,00 ± 6,21 anos, evidenciando uma diferença estatisticamente significativa (Teste-t de Student, P &lt; 0,05). A análise também revelou uma diferença significativa entre a idade dos pais de crianças nascidas de mães adolescentes (22,25 ± 5,72 anos) em comparação à idade dos pais de crianças nascidas de mães adultas (32,45 ± 7,81 anos) (Figura 3, Teste-T, P &lt; 0,05). No que se refere à etnia, adolescentes indígenas representaram 9,95% dos casos de gravidez, seguidas pelas adolescentes pardas (7,26%) e pretas (5,9%). A menor proporção foi observada entre adolescentes brancas (4,43%). Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos indígenas, pardas, pretas e a população amarela. Quanto ao estado civil, 71% das adolescentes se declararam solteiras. A análise educacional demonstrou uma tendência significativa de gravidez entre adolescentes com Ensino Fundamental II incompleto, completo, ou Ensino Médio incompleto, indicando que essas jovens ainda estavam em fase de conclusão desses ciclos escolares. Não foi observada uma relação significativa entre a redução da idade materna e a diminuição do escore APGAR em recém-nascidos (APGAR = 0,014 × “IDADE DA MÃE” + 8,5; P &lt; 0,05, R² = 0,0004). Além disso, não houve diferença significativa na proporção de anomalias congênitas entre os nascimentos de mães adolescentes e adultas.

El embarazo en la adolescencia es un problema significativo de salud pública en Brasil, que contribuye a altas tasas de morbimortalidad entre las mujeres jóvenes. Durante el embarazo, muchas adolescentes abandonan la escuela y el trabajo, lo que resulta en menor calificación y mayor vulnerabilidad en el mercado laboral informal. Además, las adolescentes embarazadas enfrentan mayores riesgos de complicaciones gestacionales y desafíos emocionales, como ansiedad y depresión. La pandemia exacerbó estas vulnerabilidades, especialmente en relación con el abuso doméstico, debido al aislamiento social. Este estudio se justifica por la necesidad de comprender el perfil demográfico y las características de las madres adolescentes en Ceará entre 2020 y 2022, ofreciendo apoyo para políticas públicas que busquen mejorar la calidad de vida de estas jóvenes y sus hijos. Todos los datos fueron analizados utilizando R. Durante el período analizado, se registraron 331.924 nacimientos vivos en Ceará, de los cuales 21.667 (6,53%) eran de madres de 17 años o menos. La edad promedio de las madres adolescentes fue de 15,93 ± 1,11 años, mientras que la media para las madres adultas fue de 28,00 ± 6,21 años, evidenciando una diferencia estadísticamente significativa (Prueba t de Student, P &lt; 0,05). El análisis también reveló una diferencia significativa entre la edad de los padres de niños nacidos de madres adolescentes (22,25 ± 5,72 años) en comparación con la edad de los padres de niños nacidos de madres adultas (32,45 ± 7,81 años) (Prueba de Wilcoxon, P &lt; 0,05). En cuanto a la etnia, las adolescentes indígenas representaron el 9,95% de los casos de embarazo, seguidas por las adolescentes mestizas (7,26%) y negras (5,9%). La menor proporción se observó entre las adolescentes blancas (4,43%). No hubo diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre los grupos indígenas, mestizas, negras y la población amarilla. En cuanto al estado civil, el 71% de las adolescentes se declararon solteras. El análisis educativo demostró una tendencia significativa de embarazo entre adolescentes con secundaria incompleta o completa, o educación media incompleta, lo que indica que estas jóvenes aún estaban en proceso de completar estos niveles educativos. No se observó una relación significativa entre la disminución de la edad materna y la reducción de la puntuación APGAR en los recién nacidos (APGAR = 0,014 × "EDAD DE LA MADRE" + 8,5; P &lt; 0,05, R² = 0,0004). Además, no hubo diferencia significativa en la proporción de anomalías congénitas entre los nacimientos de madres adolescentes y adultas.

Adolescent pregnancy is a significant public health issue in Brazil, contributing to high morbidity and mortality rates among young women. During pregnancy, many adolescents drop out of school and work, leading to lower qualifications and increased vulnerability to the informal labor market. Moreover, pregnant adolescents face higher risks of gestational complications and emotional challenges, such as anxiety and depression. The pandemic exacerbated these vulnerabilities, particularly concerning domestic abuse, due to social isolation. This study is justified by the need to understand the demographic profile and characteristics of adolescent mothers in Ceará between 2020 and 2022, providing support for public policies aimed at improving the quality of life for these young women and their children. All data were analyzed using R. During the analyzed period, 331,924 live births were recorded in Ceará, of which 21,667 (6.53%) were from mothers aged 17 years or younger. The average age of adolescent mothers was 15.93 ± 1.11 years, while the average for adult mothers was 28.00 ± 6.21 years, showing a statistically significant difference (Student's t-test, P &lt; 0.05). The analysis also revealed a significant difference between the age of fathers of children born to adolescent mothers (22.25 ± 5.72 years) compared to the age of fathers of children born to adult mothers (32.45 ± 7.81 years) (Wicoxon test, P &lt; 0.05). Regarding ethnicity, indigenous adolescents accounted for 9.95% of pregnancy cases, followed by brown (7.26%) and black (5.9%) adolescents. The lowest proportion was observed among white adolescents (4.43%). There was no statistically significant difference among indigenous, mixed-race, black, and yellow populations. Concerning marital status, 71% of adolescents declared themselves single. Educational analysis showed a significant trend of pregnancy among adolescents with incomplete or complete middle school or incomplete high school education, indicating that these young women were still in the process of completing these educational levels. There was no significant relationship between decreasing maternal age and a reduction in newborns' APGAR scores (APGAR = 0.014 × "MOTHER'S AGE" + 8.5; P &lt; 0.05, R² = 0.0004). Additionally, there was no significant difference in the proportion of congenital anomalies between births of adolescent and adult mothers.

The COVID-19 pandemic severely disrupted schooling, not only in South Africa, but globally. In the study reported on here we investigated the perceived psychosocial effects of the pandemic on the teaching realities of Foundation Phase (FP) educators in rural quintiles 1 to 3 schools in the North West province, South Africa. A qualitative, case study design was adopted with 10 educators purposively selected from 3 schools to participate through telephonic interviews. The findings reveal that as educators contended with the new rotational method of school attendance, challenges of limited teaching time, curriculum coverage, learner absenteeism and the lack of parental support that negatively affected their overall state of psychosocial well-being. This state of well-being was characterised by high stress levels, feelings of hopelessness, anxiety and a lack of accomplishment for educators. Despite these experiences, some educators demonstrated agency and resilience in ensuring that they carried out their core responsibility of teaching, but perceived themselves as requiring psychosocial support. The conclusion reached is that the available support structures provided by the Department of Basic Education appeared to be under-utilised and there was a critical need to introduce and advocate for mental health interventions to support educators emotionally.

RESUMEN Introducción: la infertilidad es una condición de salud con impacto emocional en la pareja acompañada de un aumento de angustia psicológica. La fertilización in vitro es la alternativa más avanzada de reproducción asistida a la que una pareja infértil puede acceder en Cuba. Objetivo: describir el perfil psicológico de parejas infértiles tributarias a tratamientos de fertilización in vitro. Métodos: se realizó una investigación con un enfoque cuanti-cualitativo longitudinal prospectivo en parejas infértiles atendidas en el Centro Provincial de reproducción asistida de baja complejidad del Hospital Ginecoobstétrico Docente “Mariana Grajales” en el período de enero de 2022 a junio de 2023. La muestra se conformó por 21 parejas que fueron seleccionadas mediante un muestreo no probabilístico. Resultados: la muestra se caracterizó por presentar edades entre 20 y 47 años, con una media en la tercera década de vida en ambos sexos. Se determinó la presencia de alteraciones emocionales, con predominio de ansiedad como estado en niveles bajos y medio, el sexo femenino es el más afectado, y en el masculino se determinó un predominio de la incertidumbre como estado emocional predominante. Conclusiones: el perfil psicológico de las parejas en estudio está determinado por alteraciones emocionales, con predominio de la ansiedad como estado en niveles bajos y medio, el sexo femenino fue el más afectado y en el sexo masculino se determinó un predominio de la incertidumbre como estado emocional predominante.

ABSTRACT Introduction: infertility is a health condition with an emotional impact on the couple accompanied by an increase in psychological distress. In vitro fertilization is the most advanced assisted reproduction alternative that an infertile couple can access in Cuba. Objective: to describe the psychological profile of infertile couples undergoing in vitro fertilization treatments. Methods: an investigation was carried out with a prospective longitudinal quantitative-qualitative approach in infertile couples treated at the Provincial Center for low-complexity assisted reproduction of the “Mariana Grajales” Gynecobstetric Teaching Hospital in the period from January 2022 to June 2023. The sample it was made up of 21 couples that were selected through non-probabilistic sampling. Results: the sample was characterized by ages between 20 and 47 years, with an average in the third decade of life in both sexes. The presence of emotional alterations was determined, with a predominance of anxiety as a state at low and medium levels, the female sex is the most affected, and in the male sex a predominance of uncertainty was determined as the predominant emotional state. Conclusions: the psychological profile of the couples in the study is determined by emotional alterations, with a predominance of anxiety as a state at low and medium levels, the female sex was the most affected and in the male sex a predominance of uncertainty as a state was determined predominant emotional.

Abstract Introducción: Desde marzo del año 2020, la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) declaró como pandemia al COVID-19 y esta situación representó grandes retos para los pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson (EP). Los efectos en los cambios de las rutinas diarias, la práctica de actividades lúdicas, el relacionamiento y la salud mental, conllevaron a un deterioro secundario. Nuestro objetivo fue caracterizar el estado emocional y la calidad de vida de una cohorte de pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson, así como explorar cuál fue la percepción de la calidad de vida en la pandemia causada por COVID-19. Métodos: Esta fue una investigación mixta que incluyó un análisis descriptivo para los datos sociodemográficos y las variables clínicas, y un análisis del discurso con base a las categorías relacionadas con la percepción de la calidad de vida de los pacientes con EP. Las categories analizadas fueron: pandemia COVID-19, cuidadores, estrategias de adaptación, manejo de la enfermedad y actividades lúdicas. Resultados: En este estudio hubo 12 pacientes, de los cuales el 75 % tenían una media de edad de 75 años (DE 2,9), donde el 50 % presentó niveles leves de ansiedad y el 41 % presentó niveles leves y graves de depresión. La calidad de vida (CV) estuvo afectada por: la movilidad 37,5 (RIC 10,6-45), seguida por el malestar corporal 25 (RIC 10,4-45,8) y la cognición 21,9 (RIC 14-34,3). El 89 % de los hombres vivía con su esposa y el 67 % de las mujeres vivían con uno de sus hijos. Discusión: La entrevista sobre la percepción de la CV durante la pandemia COVID-19 permitió comprender que la experiencia personal es fundamental para mejorar el manejo y el empoderamiento de los pacientes, cuidadores y familiares. Conclusiones: La calidad de vida es un factor mediado por dimensiones dinámicas y es afectada por la percepción subjetiva y los cambios en el entorno como la pandemia COVID-19.

Resumen Introduction: Since March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 as a pandemic. This crisis had big challenges for the patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), due to the effects related to changes in daily routines, the practice of leisure activities, relationships and mental health leading to secondary deterioration. Our aim was to characterize the emotional state and quality of life in a cohort of patients with Parkinson's disease as well as to explore the perception of the quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods: This investigation was conducted as an exploratory mixed study. Descriptive analysis for sociodemographic and clinical variables and, a discourse analysis was carried out based on categories related to the perception of quality of life of patients with PD. Categories analyzed were: Covid-19 pandemic, caregivers, adaptation strategies, management of the disease, and leisure activities. Results: There were twelve patients total in this study. 75% were men with a median age of 75 (SD 2.9). 50% presented mild levels of anxiety and 41% presented mild and severe depression. The QoL was affected for: mobility 37.5 (IRC 10.6-45), body discomfort 25 (IQR 10.4-45.8) and, cognition 21.9 (IQR 14-34.3). 89% lived with their wife and 67% of women lived with one of their children. Discussion: The interview about perception of QoL during Covid-19 pandemic allowed to understand that individual experiences are crucial to improve the management and empowerment the patients, caregivers and families. Conclusion: Quality of life is a factor made up of dynamic dimensions and it is influenced for subjective perspective and changes in environment as a Covid-19 pandemic.

ABSTRACT Burnout syndrome is a state of physical and emotional exhaustion that involves a loss of interest in work, negative attitudes towards others, and low self-esteem. Emotional skills are defined as the ability to recognize and manage one's own emotions and the emotions of others. The aim of the present research was to analyze the relationship between levels of emotional skills and Burnout syndrome in university professors from Physical Education schools. A total of 31 university professors from two universities in Santiago, Chile, were evaluated. The Trait Meta-Mood Scale, validated in Physical Education students in Chile, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) were employed. The results reveal a low and negative relationship between depersonalization and emotional repair scores in the sample. The professor's gender, years of university teaching experience, holding managerial positions, or undergoing psychological or pharmacological treatment do not influence levels of occupational stress and emotional skills. It is recommended to replicate this research with samples of university professors from Physical Education schools in other universities, controlling other variables such as anxiety, depression, motivation, etc.

RESUMO A síndrome o Burnout é um estado de esgotamento físico e emocional que implica uma perda do interesse no trabalho, atitudes negativas para com os outros, e baixa auto-estima. A habilidades emocionais é definida como capacidade para conhecer e dominar emoções próprias e de outros/as. O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi analisar a relação entre os níveis de habilidades emocionais e síndrome de Burnout em docentes universitários de Educação Física. Foram avaliados 31 docentes universitários de duas universidades de Santiago do Chile. Foi aplicada a Escala de rasgo de meta-conhecimento emocional validada em estudantes de Educação Física do Chile e o inventário de Burnout de Maslach (MBI). Os resultados revelam uma relação baixa e negativa entre as pontuações de despersonalização e reparação emocional na amostra. O sexo do docente, os anos de ensino universitário, ter cargos directivos ou estar em tratamento psicológico ou farmacológico não influem nos níveis de stress laboral e habilidades emocionais. Recomenda-se replicar esta pesquisa com amostras de docentes universitários de escolas de Educação Física em outras universidades, além do controle de outras variáveis como ansiedade, depressão, motivação, etc.

RESUMEN El síndrome del Burnout es un estado de agotamiento físico y emocional que implica una pérdida del interés en el trabajo, actitudes negativas hacia los demás, y baja autoestima. Las habilidades emocionales se definen como capacidades para conocer y dominar emociones propias y de otros/as. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue analizar la relación entre los niveles de habilidades emocionales y síndrome de Burnout en docentes universitarios de escuelas de Educación Física. Se evaluaron a 31 docentes universitarios de dos universidades de Santiago de Chile. Se aplicó la Escala de rasgo de metaconocimiento emocional validada en estudiantes de Educación Física de Chile y el inventario de Burnout de Maslach (MBI). Los resultados revelan una relación baja y negativa entre los puntajes de despersonalización y reparación emocional en la muestra. El sexo del docente, los años de docencia universitaria, tener cargos directivos o estar en tratamiento psicológico o farmacológico no influyen en los niveles de estrés laboral y habilidades emocionales. Se recomienda replicar esta investigación con muestras de docentes universitarios de escuelas de Educación Física en otras universidades, además del control de otras variables como ansiedad, depresión, motivación, etc.

Resumo A pandemia de covid-19 representou uma mudança radical na educação, que teve vários efeitos nos estudantes. Por este motivo, e a partir de uma abordagem congoscitivista, neste trabalho procuramos identificar o nível de estresse acadêmico gerado durante a pandemia de covid-19 em estudantes de engenharia em Gestão Empresarial no estado de Hidalgo. Através de um estudo empírico, de tipo quantitativo, de âmbito descritivo, transversal, não experimental e explicativo, utilizou-se como método de recolha de dados o inquérito, para o qual foi adaptado o questionário SISCO SV Academic Stress Inventory ao contexto da covid-19 , que foi aplicado a uma amostra de 344 estudantes da referida carreira. Os resultados indicam que mais de 71% dos estudantes apresentaram um forte nível de estresse acadêmico. Da mesma forma, identificou-se que o maior estressor foi a sobrecarga de tarefas e de trabalho, bem como a realização de avaliações escritas, práticas, trabalhos de aplicação e projetos. Além disso, os sintomas de estresse que os estudantes manifestaram foram ansiedade, angústia, desespero e distúrbio do sono. Em relação às estratégias de enfrentamento, em maior medida os alunos enfrentam o estresse acadêmico por se concentrarem na resolução da situação que os preocupa. Por fim, utilizando o teste não paramétrico para amostras independentes Mann-Whitney U, verificou-se a existência de diferenças não significativas nos níveis de estresse acadêmico nos grupos de estudo.

Abstract The Covid-19 pandemic represented a radical change in the educational modality, consequently, it had repercussions in different aspects for the students, generating as a consequence stress, which for the present work is studied from the congoscitivist approach. The objective was to identify the level of academic stress during the Covid-19 pandemic in Business Management Engineering students in the state of Hidalgo in order to make a comparative study. By means of an empirical, quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional, non-experimental and explanatory study, the survey was used as a method of data collection, adapting the SISCO SV Academic Stress Inventory questionnaire adapted to the context of Covid-19, which was applied to a sample of 344 Business Management Engineering students from Hidalgo, Mexico. The results indicate that in both institutions more than 71% of the student body presented a high level of academic stress, also, it is identified that the greatest stressor is the overload of tasks and work, as well as the performance of written evaluations, practices, application work, projects, while the stress symptoms manifested by the students are anxiety, anguish, despair and sleep disorder. As for coping strategies, to a greater extent they deal with academic stress by concentrating on resolving the situation that worries them. Finally, by means of the Mann-Whitney U non-parametric test for independent samples, the hypothesis establishing the existence of differences in the levels of academic stress of both study groups was tested; this difference is not significant.

Resumen La pandemia de covid-19 representó un cambio radical en la educación, lo que tuvo diversos efectos en los estudiantes. Por ello, y desde un enfoque congoscitivista, en el presente trabajo se procuró identificar el nivel de estrés académico generado durante la pandemia por covid-19 en estudiantes de ingeniería en Gestión Empresarial del estado de Hidalgo. Mediante un estudio empírico, de tipo cuantitativo, de alcance descriptivo, transversal, no experimental y explicativo, se utilizó la encuesta como método de recolección de datos, para lo cual se adaptó el cuestionario Inventario de Estrés Académico SISCO SV al contexto de covid-19, el cual se aplicó a una muestra de 344 estudiantes de la referida carrera. Los resultados indican que más del 71 % del estudiantado presentó un nivel de estrés académico fuerte. Asimismo, se identificó que el mayor estresor fue la sobrecarga de tareas y trabajos, así como la realización de evaluaciones escritas, prácticas, trabajos de aplicación y proyectos. Además, los síntomas de estrés que manifestaron los estudiantes fueron ansiedad, angustia, desesperación y trastorno del sueño. En cuanto a las estrategias de afrontamiento, en mayor medida los alumnos enfrentan el estrés académico concentrándose en resolver la situación que les preocupa. Finalmente, mediante la prueba no paramétrica para muestras independientes U de Mann-Whitney, se comprobó la existencia de diferencias no significativas en los niveles de estrés académico en los grupos de estudio.

Abstract: Given the current social distance restrictions across the world, most individuals now use social media as their major medium of communication. Due to this, millions of people suffering from mental diseases have been isolated, and they are unable to get help in person. They have become more reliant on online venues to express themselves and seek advice on dealing with their mental disorders. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 450 million people are affected. Mental illnesses, such as depression, anxiety, etc., are immensely common and have affected an individual’s physical health. Recently, Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods have been presented to help mental health providers, including psychiatrists and psychologists, in decision-making based on patients’ authentic information (e.g., medical records, behavioral data, social media utilization, etc.). AI innovations have demonstrated predominant execution in numerous real-world applications, broadening from computer vision to healthcare. This study analyzed unstructured user data on the Reddit platform and classified five common mental illnesses: depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, ADHD, and PTSD. In this paper, we proposed a Transformer model with late fusion methods to combine the two texts (title and post) of the dataset into the model to detect the mental disorders of individuals. We compared the proposed models with traditional machine learning, deep learning, and transfer learning multi-class models. Our proposed Transformer model with the late fusion method outperformed (F1 score = 89.65) the state-of-the-art performance (F1 score = 89 [35]). This effort will benefit the public health system by automating the detection process and informing the appropriate authorities about people who need emergency assistance.

Resumo A pandemia da Covid-19 pode ser considerada um dos maiores problemas de saúde pública internacional dos últimos decénios, sendo evidentes os problemas de saúde mental ligados à imposição do confinamento durante a mesma. Realizamos uma revisão sistemática de literatura com o objetivo de analisar os efeitos da restrição da liberdade e do isolamento social na qualidade de vida das pessoas em Portugal durante o período de pandemia. Recorremos à Biblioteca do Conhecimento Online (B-On), procurando artigos publicados entre setembro de 2019 e março de 2022, e utilizando os termos: “Mental Health AND Confinement OR Quarantine OR Lockdown”, com seleção do campo “[TI Título]” e “Portugal OR Portuguese”. Os artigos incluídos no estudo identificaram efeitos negativos do confinamento no bem-estar mental e no estado emocional, associados a comportamentos de estilo de vida pouco saudáveis, inatividade física e social, má qualidade de sono, comportamentos alimentares pouco saudáveis, desemprego ou inatividade laboral e maior utilização da tecnologia durante o período de confinamento. As medidas de restrição culminaram no agravamento da sintomatologia depressiva, de ansiedade e na diminuição da qualidade de vida, associada a sentimentos de solidão e isolamento social.

Abstract Covid-19 pandemic can be considered one of the biggest international public health problems in the last decades, and had a severe impact on the mental health and wellbeing of people around the world linked to the imposition of confinement. We carried out a systematic literature review with the aim of analyzing the effects of restriction of freedom and social isolation on the quality of life of people in Portugal during the pandemic period. We used the Online Knowledge Library (B-On), looking for articles published between September 2019 and March 2022, and using the terms: “Mental Health AND Confinement OR Quarantine OR Lockdown”, selecting the field “[TI Title]” and “Portugal OR Portuguese”. We tried to identify negative effects of confinement on mental well-being and emotional state, associated with unhealthy lifestyle behaviors, physical and social inactivity, poor sleep quality, unhealthy eating behaviors, unemployment or work inactivity and greater use of technology during the confinement period. The restriction measures culminated in the worsening of depressive and anxiety symptoms and a decrease in quality of life, associated with feelings of loneliness and social isolation.

Abstract: Anxiety is a state of mind of intense worry that can affect students’ performance both positively and negatively. Internationally, recent studies show high percentages of students diagnosed with anxiety and depression. This paper seeks to quantitatively analyze how anxiety is related to academic performance in Ecuadorian students. An Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) model with school fixed effects estimates an educational production function. The results confirm that, up to certain levels of anxiety, students' scores improve. However, once anxiety levels are elevated -a threshold that is higher for male students- scores are negatively affected. These findings are relevant for two reasons. First, during adolescence, experiences and interpersonal relationships impact personality construction and influence the development of cognitive, non-cognitive and emotional skills. Second, given the current post-pandemic situation, in which anxiety is a frequent scenario. This research concludes that it is necessary to reflect on the importance of rethinking pedagogical processes in schools and to analyze strategies to introduce mental health in the school curriculum.

Resumen: La ansiedad es un estado mental de intensa preocupación que puede afectar el desempeño de los estudiantes tanto positiva como negativamente. A nivel internacional, estudios recientes muestran elevados porcentajes de estudiantes diagnosticados con ansiedad y depresión. Este artículo analiza de manera cuantitativa la forma en la que se relaciona la ansiedad con el rendimiento académico en los estudiantes ecuatorianos. Se utiliza un modelo de Mínimos Cuadrados Ordinarios (MCO) con efectos fijos por escuela para estimar una función de producción educativa. Los resultados confirman que, hasta ciertos niveles de ansiedad, los puntajes de los estudiantes mejoran. Sin embargo, una vez que los niveles de ansiedad son elevados -un umbral que es más alto para los estudiantes varones- el puntaje es afectado negativamente. Estos hallazgos resultan relevantes por dos razones. Primero, porque en la adolescencia las vivencias y las relaciones interpersonales tienen un impacto en la formación de la personalidad e influyen en la formación de habilidades cognitivas, no cognitivas y emocionales. Segundo, porque en el contexto actual, marcado por la situación post pandémica, la ansiedad se ha convertido en un estado mental frecuente. El artículo concluye reflexionando sobre la importancia de repensar los procesos pedagógicos en las escuelas, así como de analizar estrategias para introducir la salud mental en el currículo escolar.

Abstract Objective: “Determine the emotional state following the DASS-21 in postCOVID-19 patients at the first level of health care”. Material and methods: Observational, cross-sectional, descriptive study conducting a survey on the emotional state (DASS-21; Lovibond and Lovibond, 1995) in post-COVID-19 patients in a sample of 70 patients from the Family Medicine Unit No. 34 annex Ambulatory Care Medical Unit of La Peace, Baja California Sur. A statistical analysis was carried out with frequencies, percentages for nominal qualitative variables, with measures of central tendency and dispersion in quantitative variables, with determination of chi2. With prior authorization from the local research committee and ethics committee. Results: 45 female patients were found (64.3%), age 39.41 ± 13.930, with a statistical significance between anxiety and presence of severe symptoms with p= 0.014 (95%CI 0.000-0.042), depression and age group p= 0.029 (95%CI % 0.000-0.068); and no significance was found with stress. Conclusion: Anxiety mildly and extremely severely affects post-COVID-19 patients related to the presence of severe symptoms, the depression detected was moderate and is related to the age group, while the stress detected was mild and did not present an association of variables.

Resumen Objetivo: “Determinar el estado emocional de acuerdo al DASS-21 en enfermos post COVID-19 en el primer nivel de atención en salud”. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional, transversal, descriptivo realizando encuesta sobre el estado emocional (DASS-21; Lovibond y Lovibond, 1995) en enfermos post COVID-19 a una muestra de 70 pacientes de la Unidad de Medicina Familiar No. 34 anexo Unidad Médica de Atención Ambulatoria de La Paz, Baja California Sur. Se realizó un análisis estadístico con frecuencias, porcentajes para variables cualitativas nominales, con medidas de tendencia central y dispersión en variables cuantitativas, con determinación de Chi2. Previa autorización de los comités local de investigación y de ética. Resultados: Se encontró 45 pacientes femeninos (64.3%), edad 39.41 ± 13.930, con una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre ansiedad y presencia de síntomas graves con una p= 0.014 (IC95% 0.000-0.042), depresión y grupo etario p= 0.029 (IC95% 0.000-0.068); y no se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa con el estrés. Conclusión: La ansiedad afecta de manera leve y extremadamente severa a enfermos post COVID-19 relacionada a la presencia de síntomas graves, la depresión detectada fue moderada y está relacionada al grupo etario en cambio el estrés detectado fue leve y no presentó asociación de variables.

ABSTRACT The purpose of this research has been to provide information about the psychological effects of confinement forced by a prolonged quarantine in a suitable adult sample of 596 Bolivians of both sexes. It was sought to explore the perceptions of the participants about their own emotional state: fears, anxieties, depressions, while they were in isolation to reduce the probability of contagion of COVID 19. Additionally, we were interested in verifying the modulating effects of resilience and self-efficacy on such emotional states. The results indicated, in the same direction of similar studies, significant relationships between high perceived loneliness, high levels of stress and anxiety, with relatively high levels of depression. Likewise, it was clear that stress, perceived loneliness, and anxiety are predictors of depression among those in conditions of forced isolation. Finally, it was found that both resilience and self-efficacy exert a clear moderating effect by attenuating the relationships of perceived loneliness and anxiety, on depression.

RESUMO O objetivo desta pesquisa foi fornecer informações sobre os efeitos psicológicos do confinamento forçado por uma quarentena prolongada em uma amostra adequada de 596 bolivianos de ambos os sexos. Buscou-se explorar as percepções dos participantes sobre seu próprio estado emocional: medos, ansiedades, depressões, enquanto estavam em isolamento para reduzir a probabilidade de contágio por COVID-19. Além disso, nos interessava verificar os efeitos moderadores da resiliência e autoeficácia nesses estados emocionais. Os resultados indicaram, na mesma direção de estudos similares, relações significativas entre a alta percepção de solidão, níveis elevados de estresse e ansiedade, com níveis relativamente altos de depressão. Da mesma forma, ficou claro que o estresse, a percepção de solidão e a ansiedade são preditores da depressão entre aqueles em condições de isolamento forçado. Por fim, descobriu-se que tanto a resiliência quanto a autoeficácia exercem um claro efeito moderador ao atenuar as relações entre a percepção de solidão e ansiedade, sobre a depressão.

RESUMEN El propósito de esta investigación ha sido proporcionar información sobre los efectos psicológicos del confinamiento forzado por una cuarentena prolongada en una muestra adecuada de 596 bolivianos de ambos sexos. Se buscó explorar las percepciones de los participantes sobre su propio estado emocional: miedos, ansiedades, depresiones, mientras estaban en aislamiento para reducir la probabilidad de contagio de COVID-19. Además, nos interesaba verificar los efectos moduladores de la resiliencia y la autoeficacia en dichos estados emocionales. Los resultados indicaron, en la misma dirección de estudios similares, relaciones significativas entre la percepción alta de soledad, niveles altos de estrés y ansiedad, con niveles relativamente altos de depresión. Asimismo, quedó claro que el estrés, la percepción de soledad y la ansiedad son predictores de la depresión entre aquellos en condiciones de aislamiento forzado. Finalmente, se encontró que tanto la resiliencia como la autoeficacia ejercen un claro efecto moderador al atenuar las relaciones entre la percepción de soledad y ansiedad, sobre la depresión.