In recent years, the field of coordination chemistry has experienced a surge in interest regarding the synthesis and characterization of coordination complexes for diverse applications. This study is dedicated to investigating coordination compounds resulting from the interaction of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) with metal ions. The study research places significant emphasis on understanding the stability and thermal behavior of these coordination compounds. The utilization of thermoanalytical techniques is crucial in achieving this goal. Thermal analysis and thermokinetics provide valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms, kinetics, and energetics of these reactions, thereby facilitating the optimization of synthesis procedures. The research employs concurrent techniques, namely thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), to explore the thermal stability and decomposition pathways of these coordination compounds. Thermokinetic models and optimization methodologies are subsequently applied to identify key reaction parameters. The primary aim of this research is to unveil the thermal behavior, stability, and reaction kinetics of aceclofenac coordination compounds, thus contributing significantly to the understanding of thermokinetics and thermal analysis in the domain of coordination chemistry. Specifically, this study is focused on aceclofenac coordination complexes involving lanthanum and gadolinium, with the ultimate goal of advancing the field of coordination chemistry. years applications antiinflammatory anti inflammatory NSAIDs (NSAIDs ions mechanisms reactions procedures TG (TG DSC, DSC , (DSC) parameters Specifically gadolinium (DSC

Gold and platinum bimetallic nanoparticles, Au@PtNPs, have gained attention due to their plasmonic properties. The controlled synthesis of Au@PtNPs involves complex parameters, and the resulting synergy between Au and Pt introduces possibilities for tailoring their properties. This study explores the effects of key-parameters of synthesis (gold core diameters, reaction time, and Pt concentration) on the final properties of Au@PtNPs. Gold nanoparticles of varying diameters were synthesized and used as cores for the reduction of hexachloroplatinic acid, forming a surrounding shell of Pt nanoparticles. The parameters were systematically tuned to understand their impact on morphology, dimension, stability, and plasmonic properties of Au@PtNPs. Increasing Pt precursor concentration resulted in thicker and denser Pt shells, broadening the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) band and improving Au@PtNPs stability. These properties are essential for applications such as photothermal treatment. The synthesis achieved satisfactory products within just 1 h of Pt4+ reduction at mild temperature without using surfactants. Only limited changes in plasmonic properties were observed after 4 h of synthesis, suggesting an optimal reaction period. Manipulating Au core diameter provided LSPR band control, with smaller cores exhibiting greater broadening towards the infrared region. This systematic exploration provided valuable insights for understanding key-parameters governing the synthesis and properties of Au@PtNPs. AuPtNPs PtNPs keyparameters key gold time acid morphology dimension stability shells (LSPR treatment Pt4 surfactants period control region

The species Oryza sativa (rice) and Musa cavendishii (banana) are sources of cellulose-rich waste biomass in the Amazon region, Tocantins State. This research investigates the nanoscale production of cellulose through the interactions between three choline amino acid ionic liquids Ch[AA]IL and the respective fibers by pretreatment. To this end, the synthesis of three ILs was carried out: choline arginate Ch[Arg], choline glycinate Ch[Gly] and choline lysinate Ch[Lys], characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The samples resulting from the pretreatment were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). It was possible to infer from the SEM micrographs that Ch[Arg] caused greater fiber breakage than the other ILs. The TEM analyses identified fibers up to 16 nm in diameter. Positive effects were observed in the diffractograms, although no crystallinity was obtained in the pretreated samples. Thermogravimetry curves showed that the fibers treated with Ch[Arg] showed higher thermal stability. rice (rice banana (banana celluloserich rich region State ChAAIL Ch AA IL end out ChArg, ChArg Arg , ChGly Gly Ch[Gly ChLys, ChLys Lys Ch[Lys] FTIR. FTIR . (FTIR) SEM, (SEM) TEM, (TEM) Xray X ray XRD (XRD TGA. TGA (TGA) Ch[Arg 1 diameter diffractograms stability Ch[Lys (FTIR (SEM (TEM (TGA

ABSTRACT The cowpea is a legume that is widely grown in the north-east of Brazil, and which has been gaining ground in other regions of the country. The main producer is the state of Ceará, with a large planted-area, albeit low productivity due to a lack of producer technology and adapted cultivars. The aim of this study was to identify and recommend superior genotypes in terms of adaptability and stability under rainfed and irrigated conditions, in addition to genotypes with reduced grain darkening. To this end, six experiments were conducted in different districts of Ceará (Crato, Pentecoste, Crateús, Madalena, Bela Cruz and Limoeiro do Norte) and one laboratory experiment, to evaluate grain darkening. The experimental design of the field trials was of randomised blocks, with 14 genotypes and 4 replications. The analysis of variance showed a significant effect from the genotypes and environments and their interaction, so GGE Biplot analysis was carried out to evaluate adaptability and stability. To evaluate grain darkening, a completely randomised design was used in a simple factorial scheme with six previously selected genotypes and five different storage times (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 months). There was a significant effect from the genotypes and storage time. Genotype 1 showed the least darkening, and can be recommended for environments to which it is best adapted (Crato and Crateús). Genotype 9 was considered the most stable for grain yield, and can be more broadly recommended for the semi-arid region of the state of Ceará. northeast north east Brazil country plantedarea, plantedarea planted area, area planted-area cultivars conditions darkening end Crato, Crato Pentecoste Crateús Madalena Norte experiment blocks replications interaction 0, 0 (0 2 months. months . months) time Crateús. Crateús) yield semiarid semi arid (

This study highlights the synthesis of innovative polyurethane materials derived from Moringa oleifera oils extracted from two distinct sources. The oils were converted into their respective polyols through the in situ generated performic acid method. Diverse material characteristics were observed due to different agroclimatic and cultivation conditions for the sources. Extraction yields were 45.21% (source 1) and 40.32% (source 2), with acid values of 28.70 and 26.00 mg KOH per g of oil, respectively. Oleic acid constituted 79.87 and 67.11% of the oils composition, respectively. Nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the hydroxylation of the oils. FTIR also identified the isocyanate structures in the synthesized polyurethane materials. Gel permeation chromatography analysis revealed a higher oligomer content in the polyol synthesized from the oil extracted from source 2. Thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated enhanced thermal stability post-oil conversion, highlighting decomposition stages for rigid and flexible segments. Differential scanning calorimetry indicated higher unsaturation in the oil extracted from source 1, resulting in an elevated crystallization temperature. Tensile testing showed increased elasticity as the [NCO]/[OH] ratio decreased in the material, emphasizing the influence of polyol and crosslinking agent concentrations on mechanical resistance of polyurethane materials. sources method 4521 45 21 45.21 1 4032 40 32 40.32 2, 2 , 2) 2870 28 70 28.7 2600 26 00 26.0 respectively 7987 79 87 79.8 6711 67 11 67.11 composition (FTIR postoil post conversion segments temperature NCO/OH NCOOH NCO / OH [NCO]/[OH 452 4 45.2 403 3 40.3 287 7 28. 260 0 26. 798 8 79. 671 6 67.1 45. 40. 67.

ABSTRACT: In general, allelopathy can be defined as a biological process by which an organism produces one or more metabolites that can change the germination, growth, survival, and reproduction of other organisms, and thus influencing the stability of agroecosystems. Cholesterol is a very abundant sterol isolated from the marine red alga Plocamium brasiliense that has been studied regarding its potential inhibitory effects on seed germination, radicle elongation, and hypocotyl development of the weeds Mimosa pudica (malicia) and Senna obtusifolia (mata-pasto). Cholesterol was isolated from a hexane extract by chromatographic methods. Over a 15-day period, germination bioassays were performed at 25 ºC with a 12-h photoperiod. Radicle elongation and hypocotyl development were assayed at 25 ºC with a 24-h photoperiod. Later, Petri dishes 9.0 cm in diameter were coated with filter paper, and 25 seeds were placed in a germination chamber. Six pre-germinated seeds were placed in the Petri dish for 2-3 days. After 10 days, radicle and hypocotyl extensions were measured, and the inhibitory potential of cholesterol was assessed at 5, 10, 15, and 20 ppm. In both herbs, M. pudica and S. obtusifolia, they were significantly affected by the action of cholesterol, achieving higher percentages of inhibition in seed germination (50% and 33%, respectively), radical germination (68% and 60%, respectively), and hypocotyl development (66% and 55%, respectively). The inhibition effects were dose-dependent in all experiments, having more pronounced allelopathic effects at 20ppm. ABSTRACT general growth survival organisms agroecosystems malicia (malicia matapasto. matapasto mata pasto . (mata-pasto) methods 15day day 15 period 2 12h h 12 photoperiod 24h 24 Later 90 9 0 9. paper chamber pregerminated pre germinated 23 3 2- days 1 measured 5 ppm herbs M S 50% 50 (50 33 33% respectively, respectively , respectively) 68% 68 (68 60 60% 66% 66 (66 55 55% respectively. dosedependent dose dependent experiments 20ppm (mata-pasto (5 6 (6 (

RESUMO: Em geral, alelopatia pode ser definido como o processo biológico no qual um organismo produz metabolitos que alteram a germinação, o crescimento, a sobrevivência e a reprodução de outros organismos, influenciando a estabilidade de agroecossistemas. O colesterol, o mais abundante esterol isolado da alga vermelha marinha Plocamium brasiliense, foi estudado quanto ao seu potencial efeito inibitório na germinação de sementes, alongamento das radículas e desenvolvimento do hipocótilo das ervas daninhas Mimosa pudica (malicia) e Senna obtusifolia (mata-pasto). Colesterol foi isolado do extrato em Hexano por métodos cromatográficos. Durante 15 dias, os bioensaios de germinação foram realizados a 25 ºC e fotoperíodo de 12 horas, enquanto os bioensaio de alongamento da radícula e do hipocótilo foram realizados a 25 ºC e fotoperíodo de 24 horas. Posteriormente, placas de Petri de 9,0 cm de diâmetro foram revestidas de papelfiltro, e 25 sementes foram mantidas em câmaras de germinação, enquanto seis sementes pré-germinadas foram postas em placas de Petri por 2-3 dias. Após dez dias, a extensão da radícula e do hipocótilo foi medida. O potencial inibitório do colesterol foi avaliado a 5, 10, 15 e 20 ppm. Em ambas as ervas M. pudica e S. obtusifolia, foram afetadas significativamente pela ação do cholesterol alcançando maiores percentuais de inibição na germinação das sementes (50% e 33%, respectivamente), alongamento da radícula (68% e 60%, respectivamente) e desenvolvimento do hipocótilo (66% e 55%, respectivamente). Os efeitos inibitórios foram dose-dependentes em todos os experimentos, tendo efeitos alelopaticos mais acentuados a 20 ppm. RESUMO geral crescimento organismos agroecossistemas brasiliense malicia (malicia matapasto. matapasto mata pasto . (mata-pasto) cromatográficos 1 dias 2 horas Posteriormente 90 9 0 9, papelfiltro prégerminadas pré germinadas 23 3 2- medida 5 10 ppm M S 50% 50 (50 33 33% respectivamente, respectivamente , 68% 68 (68 60 60% 66% 66 (66 55 55% respectivamente. dosedependentes dose dependentes experimentos (mata-pasto (5 6 (6 (

Resumen El certificado es una evidencia de participación en un proceso y se cree que cualquier persona que posea uno tiene un requisito previo para manejar todo aquello para lo que este califica. Sin embargo, la impresión podría fallar, si el certificado se hubiera obtenido tomando atajos. (Objetivo) En este documento se desarrolló un modelo compartimental para cuantificar los factores que podrían poner en duda la autenticidad de un certificado, mediante el examen de la compensación entre el estándar académico y las tasas de reprobación, en el contexto de las instituciones de educación terciaria en Nigeria. (Metodología) El modelo se demostró válido utilizando algunos amplios teoremas matemáticos. Se derivaron los equilibrios para dicho método y el umbral para un rendimiento académico aceptable. El análisis de estabilidad se llevó a cabo empleando la teoría de la estabilidad de ecuaciones diferenciales, basada en el umbral de rendimiento académico ace ptable obtenido. (Resultados) Los resultados teóricos del modelo fueron validados por medio de simulaciones numéricas y los de las simulaciones vincularon la tasa de reprobación aceptable con el rendimiento académico que cayó por debajo del umbral del estándar establecido por las instituciones. (Conclusiones) La implicación política del resultado es que el aumento en la oferta de graduados calificados en los mercados laborales de Nigeria, así como la reducción en la tasa de desempleo, son una función del mantenimie nto de los estándares académicos.

Resumo O certificado é uma prova de participação em um processo e acredita-se que quem o possui tem como pré-requisito realizar tudo para o qual o referido certific ado o qualifica. No entanto, a impressão poderia falhar se o certificado tivesse sido obtido através de atalhos. (Objetivo) Neste artigo, foi desenvolvido um modelo compartimental para quantificar fatores que poderiam pôr em dúvida a autenticidade de um certificado, examinando o compromisso entre o padrão académico e as taxas de reprovação no contexto de instituições terciárias referenciadas na Nigéria. (Metodologia) O modelo foi provado válido usando alguns teoremas matemáticos amplos. Os equilíbrios para o modelo e o limite para desempenho acadêmico aceitável foram derivados. A análise de estabilidade foi realizada utilizando a teoria da estabilidade de equações diferenciais com base no limite de desempenho acadêmico aceitável derivado. (Resultados) Os resultados teóricos do modelo foram validados por meio de simulações numéricas e os resultados das simulações relacionaram a taxa de reprovação aceitável com o desempenho acadêmico que ficou abaixo do limite do padrão estabelecido pelas instituições. (Conclusões) A implicação política do resultado é que o aumento da oferta de licenciados qualificados nos mercados de trabalho nigerianos, bem como a redução da taxa de desemprego, é uma função da manutenção dos padrões académicos.

Abstract A certificate is evidence of participating in a process, and anyone who holds a certificate is believed to have the prerequisites necessary to handle what the certificate qualifies them for. However, this perception might be incorrect if the certificate has been obtained by taking shortcuts. (Objective) In this paper, a compartmental model was developed to quantify factors that could put the authenticity of a certificate in doubt by examining the trade-off between academic standards and failure rates in the context of tertiary education institutions in Nigeria. (Methodology) The model was validated using several mathematical theorems. Equilibria for the model and the threshold for acceptable academic performance were derived. Stability analysis was carried out by using the stability theory of differential equations based on the derived acceptable academic performance threshold. (Results) The theoretical results for the model were validated through numerical simulations, and the results from the simulations linked acceptable failure rates to academic performance falling below the threshold of the institutions’ standards. (Conclusions) The policy implication of the result is that an increase in the supply of qualified graduates into Nigeria’s labor markets, as well as a reduction in the rate of unemployment, is a function of maintaining academic standards.

Resumen (Objetivo) Plasmodium vivax infecta ampliamente a muchas personas en algunas regiones. La singularidad de formar una etapa latente hace que la malaria vivax pueda ser inducida por una recaída por una infección adicional. En el presente estudio, utilizamos un enfoque de simulación dinámica y acoplamiento molecular ara predecir la posibilidad de que compuestos bioactivos de la familia de plantas Zingiberaceae sean candidatos a fármaco contra la malaria dirigiéndose a la proteína de unión a Duffy de Plasmodium vivax (PvDBP). Se requiere la interacción molecular PvDBP-DARC para mediar el proceso de invasión de merozoitos en los glóbulos rojos. La inhibición de este proceso posiblemente pueda controlar el crecimiento y desarrollo del parásito. (Metodología) El análisis de acoplamiento molecular dio como resultado los dos compuestos principales con el valor de energía de unión más bajo, incluida la 5,7-dihidroxiflavanona (-9,3 kcal/mol) y la pinostrobina (-9,2 kcal/mol). (Resultados) Estos compuestos previstos tienen una interacción más fuerte que la cloroquina como control. Además, los compue potenciales también interactúan con los residuos del sitio de unión de DARC y lo mantienen durante el proceso de simulación de dinámica molecular. De lo contrario, la cloroquina como control no puede retener el 75% de los residuos de unión hacia PvDBP. El estudio de dinámica molecular reveló que los tres complejos tienen una estabilidad relativamente similar. (Conclusiones) Predijimos que los dos compuestos bioactivos tienen potencial como inhibidores de la invasión de merozoitos.

Resumo (Objetivo) O Plasmodium vivax infecta amplamente muitas pessoas em algumas regiões. A singularidade de formar um estágio latente significa que a malária vivax pode ser induzida por recaída devido à infecção adicional. No presente estudo, utilizamos uma abordagem de simulação dinâmica e de acoplamento molecular para prever a possibilidade de compostos bioativos da família de plantas Zingiberaceae como candidatos a medicamentos antimaláricos, visand o aproteína de ligação Duffy do Plasmodium vivax (PvDBP). A interação molecular PvDBP-DARC é necessária para mediar o processo de invasão de merozoítos nos glóbulos vermelhos. A inibição deste processo pode possivelmente controlar o crescimento e desenvolvimento do parasita. (Metodologia) A análise de acoplamento molecular resultou nos dois principais compostos com o menor valor de energia de ligação, incluindo ,7-dihidroxiflavanona (-9,3 kcal/mol) e pinostrobina (-9,2 kcal/mol). (Resultados) Esses compostos previstos têm uma interação mais forte do que a cloroquina como controle. Além disso, os compostos potenciais também interagem e mantêm resíduos do sítio de ligação do DARC durante o processo de simulação de dinâmica molecular. Caso contrário, a cloroquina como controle não pode reter 75% dos resíduos de ligação ao três complexos apresentam estabilidade relativa compostos bioativos têm potencial como inibidor Palavras chave: Medicamentos antimalária; ePvmeesdmsilDBP. ntesa invício;O estudo de dinâmica molecular revelou que os emelhante. (Conclusões) Previmos que os dois asão de merozoítos. Plasmodium vivax; PvDBP; Zingiberáceas.

Abstract (Objective) Plasmodium vivax predominantly infects many people in numerous tropical areas, including Southeast Asia, the Western Pacific, the Americas, and the Eastern Mediterranean. The uniqueness of forming dormant stages can lead to relapse in vivax malaria upon further infection. This study used molecular docking and dynamic simulation to predict potential bioactive compounds from the Zingiberaceae plant family as inhibitors by targeting Plasmodium vivax Duffy Binding Protein (PvDBP). PvDBP-DARC molecular interaction is required to mediate the merozoite invasion process into red blood cells. Inhibiting this process can possibly control parasite growth and development. (Methodology) Molecular docking screening was conducted by using 138 natural compounds from the Zingiberaceae plant family targeting Plasmodium vivax Duffy binding protein (PvDBP). The top two compounds with the lowest binding energy were selected to be analyzed by pharmacokinetics prediction and molecular dynamic (MD) simulation. (Results) Molecular docking screening resulted in the top two compounds with the lowest binding energy value, including 5,7-dihydroxyflavanone (-9.3 kcal/mol) and pinostrobin (-9.2 kcal/mol). These compounds are predicted to have stronger interaction than chloroquine as a control. Furthermore, the potential compounds also interact with DARC binding site residues and maintain them during the molecular dynamic simulation process. Otherwise, chloroquine as a control cannot retain 75% binding residues towards PvDBP. A molecular dynamic study revealed that all three complexes have relatively similar stability. (Conclusions) We predicted that the two bioactive compounds (5,7-dihydroxyflavanone and pinostrobin) have the potential as merozoite invasion inhibitors.

Abstract There are several characteristics that influence fire resistance of load-bearing masonries, wherein stand out the bricks compressive strength. Verification of wall systems fire behavior was conducted as prescribed by NBR 5628. This research aims to comparatively analyze fire resistance in real scale load-bearing walls, considering thermal insulation, structural stability, and airtightness. The thickness of the coating and laying mortar were standardized for all specimens just varying brick geometry and septs design in blocks of EST 60, 100, and 140 class. The obtained results show that the compressive strength of the bricks can induce both the structural stability of the constructive systems and its thermal insulation, being a typically critical characteristic for clay brick walls in a building fire. The sample with the highest compressive strength obtained the shortest local displacement, contributing to mitigate the generation of fissures in the system, enhancing the thermal insulation of the clay brick wall, and, thereby, its fire resistance. loadbearing load bearing masonries 5628 airtightness 60 100 14 class displacement system thereby 562 6 10 1 56 5

Resumo Diversas características influenciam a resistência ao fogo de sistema de parede em alvenaria estrutural, dentre as quais pode se incluir sua resistência à compressão. O comportamento desse sistema é validado experimentalmente conforme a norma NBR 5628. Esse estudo tem como objetivo analisar comparativamente a resistência ao fogo obtida através de ensaios em escala real em alvenaria estrutural, envolvendo as características de isolamento térmico, estanqueidade a passagem de gases e fumaça e estabilidade estrutural. Foram avaliados componentes com a mesma configuração em termos de revestimento e assentamento, assumindo como variável a resistência a compressão dos blocos, tendo sido considerados neste estudo blocos de classe EST 60, 100 e 140. Os resultados obtidos apontam que a resistência à compressão da alvenaria pode influenciar, além da estabilidade estrutural do sistema, também seu isolamento térmico, critério tipicamente crítico para alvenarias de blocos cerâmicos em situação de incêndio. A amostra de maior resistência à compressão apresentou menor deslocamento horizontal, contribuindo para mitigar a geração de fissuras, aumentando a oposição da alvenaria à passagem da temperatura ao longo de sua seção transversal e assim aumentar sua resistência ao fogo. 5628 térmico assentamento 60 10 140 influenciar incêndio horizontal fissuras 562 6 1 14 56 5

Abstract: The Galapagos Islands present distinctive challenges in managing their electrical system due to their remote geographical position. Currently, their energy sources are limited to non-renewable energy and partially dependent on renewable energy sources like wind and solar power. The intermittence of these sources poses a threat to the stability and reliability of power systems. The battery energy storage systems (BESS) are a commonly adopted approach for promoting the stability of frequency and voltage in power systems. However, the effectiveness of these systems in accomplishing this objective is contingent on the type of controller and operation used in the storage system. Electrical energy storage systems implement two primary modes of operation; Grid Following and Grid Forming. This paper focuses on the implementation and evaluation in different scenarios of the network-forming mode of operation of the storage system, with the purpose of contributing to the primary frequency regulation in the MRE of the Galapagos Islands. The results obtained demonstrate significant improvements in the stability of the MRE, and greater efficiency in primary frequency regulation.

Resumen: Las Islas Galápagos, debido a su ubicación geográfica aislada, enfrentan desafíos únicos en la gestión de su Microrred eléctrica (MRE), pues actualmente depende de energías no renovables y en una medida considerable de fuentes de energías renovables, como la energía solar y eólica. Estas fuentes de energía intermitentes, afectan la confiabilidad y estabilidad de la MRE. Una solución destacada en la actualidad es la implementación de los sistemas de almacenamiento de energía con baterías, pues estos sistemas aportan a la estabilidad de frecuencia y voltaje, sin embargo, estos aportes a la estabilidad de frecuencia y voltaje de la MRE están en función del tipo de controlador y operación que se emplee al sistema de almacenamiento. Existen dos modos de operación en sistemas almacenamiento de energía eléctrica; seguidor de red y formador de red. Este trabajo se enfoca en la implementación y evaluación en diferentes escenarios, del modo de operación formador de red del sistema de almacenamiento, con el propósito de aportar a la regulación primaria de frecuencia en la MRE de las Islas Galápagos. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran las mejoras significativas en la estabilidad de la MRE, y una mayor eficiencia en la regulación primaria de frecuencia.

Abstract: The aim of this work is to put forward a methodology to evaluate the oscillatory stability of a power electric system (PES) analyzing the low-frequency oscillatory modes (LFOM) through the processing of synchrophasor measurements Phasor Measurement Units (PMU) of ambient data. The proposed methodology, based on spectral and pseudo-energy analyses and on parametric methods of Canonical Correlation Analysis and Yule-Walker, estimates the LFOM, whose frequency and damping characteristics provide critical information to PES operators to carry out preventive or emergency control actions. The proposed methodology was applied to synthetic measurements for its tuning and to characterize its range and accuracy, and to PMU records of the Ecuadorian power transmission system, successfully identifying the 0.4 Hz inter-area mode of the Ecuador-Colombia interconnection. The contributions of this work are aimed at evaluating the oscillatory stability of the PES through automatic computational tool that processes PMU signals of ambient type data.

Resumen: El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar una metodología para evaluar la estabilidad oscilatoria de un sistema eléctrico de potencia (SEP) mediante el análisis de los modos oscilatorios de baja frecuencia (MOBF) a través del procesamiento de mediciones sincrofasoriales (Phasor Measurement Units PMU) de datos tipo ambiente. La metodología propuesta, basada en los análisis espectral y de pseudoenergía y en los métodos paramétricos de Análisis de Correlación Canónica y de Yule - Walker, estima los MOBF, cuyas características de frecuencia y amortiguamiento brindan información crítica a los operadores del SEP para adoptar acciones de control preventivo o de emergencia. La metodología propuesta fue aplicada a mediciones sintéticas para su sintonización y caracterizar su alcance y precisión, y a registros PMU del sistema de transmisión de energía de Ecuador logrando identificar satisfactoriamente el modo interárea de 0,4 Hz propio de la interconexión Ecuador-Colombia. Las contribuciones de este trabajo están encaminadas a evaluar la estabilidad oscilatoria de los SEP a través de una herramienta computacional automática que procese señales PMU de datos tipo ambiente.

ABSTRACT The proper disposal of fruit and vegetable waste is essential to promote environmental sustainability, reduce the carbon footprint, improve soil quality, and contribute to the transition to a circular economy. This study examined the impact of incorporating dairy cattle wastewater (DCWW) into anaerobic co-digestion with fruit and vegetable residues and utilization of the resulting biofertilizer as a diluent in the anaerobic mono-digestion of fruit and vegetable residues (recycle). The specific biogas and methane production and the agronomic quality of the biofertilizer were evaluated in a semi-continuous trial. Two startup strategies were employed: initially, the reactors were entirely fed with inoculum (biofertilizer derived from DCWW), and fruit and vegetable residue feedstock was gradually introduced. Anaerobic co-digestion of fruit and vegetable residues with DCWW yielded the highest specific production of biogas and methane at 720 and 436 L kg-1 of volatile solids (VS), respectively. The addition of DCWW increases fruit and vegetable residue alkalinity by 249% and reduces the volatile acidity by 83.4%. Anaerobic mono-digestion of fruit and vegetable residues enhances macronutrient recovery in the biofertilizer through recycle. Logistically, directing fruit and vegetable residues to rural areas for anaerobic co-digestion with DCWW promotes agricultural biofertilizer use. sustainability footprint economy (DCWW codigestion co digestion monodigestion mono recycle . (recycle) semicontinuous semi continuous trial employed initially DCWW, , DCWW) introduced 72 43 kg1 kg 1 kg- VS, VS (VS) respectively 249 834 83 4 83.4% Logistically use (recycle 7 (VS 24 8 83.4 2 83.

RESUMO A destinação adequada dos resíduos de frutas e vegetais é fundamental para promover a sustentabilidade ambiental, reduzir a pegada de carbono, melhorar a qualidade do solo e contribuir para a transição para uma economia circular. Neste estudo, foram avaliados os efeitos da adição de água residuária da bovinocultura de leite em codigestão anaeróbia com resíduos de frutas e vegetais e o uso do biofertilizante como diluente na monodigestão anaeróbia dos resíduos de frutas e vegetais (reciclo). A produção específica de biogás e metano, bem como a qualidade agronômica do biofertilizante em um estudo semicontínuo, foram avaliados. Foram utilizadas duas estratégias para partida dos reatores: o abastecimento inicial dos reatores totalmente com inóculo (biofertilizante proveniente da digestão anaeróbia da água residuária da bovinocultura de leite) e a progressão de carga para os resíduos de frutas e vegetais. A maior produção específica de biogás e metano foi atingida pela codigestão anaeróbia de resíduos de frutas e vegetais com água residuária da bovinocultura de leite, 720 e 436 L kg-1 de sólidos voláteis (SV), respectivamente. A adição da água residuária da bovinocultura de leite aumentou em 249% a alcalinidade dos resíduos de frutas e vegetais e diminuiu em 83,4% sua acidez volátil. A recuperação de macronutrientes no biofertilizante é favorecida pela monodigestão anaeróbia dos resíduos de frutas e vegetais em função do uso do reciclo. Entretanto, visando a destinação destes ao meio rural, a codigestão anaeróbia com água residuária da bovinocultura de leite favorece o uso agrícola do biofertilizante. ambiental carbono circular reciclo . (reciclo) semicontínuo 72 43 kg1 kg 1 kg- SV, SV , (SV) respectivamente 249 834 83 4 83,4 volátil Entretanto rural (reciclo 7 (SV 24 8 83, 2

Resumen: La investigación, con enfoque epistemológico cuantitativo y el paradigma positivista, tiene como objetivo definir la relación entre el marco regulatorio del sector financiero ecuatoriano y las condiciones de financiamiento a las pymes. Esta fue de tipo descriptivo-correlacional, permitiendo realizar un análisis descriptivo y factorial de variables vinculadas al conocimiento y aplicación de leyes y códigos regulatorios de 54 oficiales de crédito del sector bancario de El Oro, Ecuador. Se identificaron dos dimensiones: una relacionada con el marco regulatorio monetario y otra con códigos orgánicos. Las encuestas señalan que las leyes más aplicadas son: Ley General de Instituciones del Sector Financiero y Ley de Compañías. La primera regula la creación, funcionamiento y cierre de instituciones financieras privadas para proteger a la población y asegurar la estabilidad financiera; su cumplimiento es supervisado por la Superintendencia de Bancos. La segunda simplifica el proceso de constitución de empresas, permitiendo diversos tipos de compañías y flexibilidad en su estructura. Las regulaciones bancarias ecuatorianas han experimentado reformas para fortalecer la solidez y transparencia del sistema, como la Ley de Mercado de Valores y la Ley de Instituciones del Sistema de Seguros Privados, que contribuyen a la estabilidad, regulación, protección al consumidor financiero y promoción de la competencia, generando condiciones de financiamiento favorables, que incluyen confianza, tasas de interés competitivas y amplias opciones financieras.

Abstract: The research, with a quantitative epistemological approach and the positivist paradigm, aims to define the relationship between the regulatory framework of the Ecuadorian financial sector and the financing conditions for SMEs. This was of a descriptive-correlational type, allowing a descriptive and factorial analysis of variables linked to the knowledge and application of laws and regulatory codes of 54 credit officers from the banking sector of El Oro, Ecuador. Two dimensions were identified: one related to the monetary regulatory framework and another with organic codes. Surveys indicate that the most applied laws are: General Law of Financial Sector Institutions and Companies Law. The first regulates the creation, operation and closure of private financial institutions to protect the population and ensure financial stability; Its compliance is supervised by the Superintendency of Banks. The second simplifies the business incorporation process, allowing various types of companies and flexibility in their structure. Ecuadorian banking regulations have undergone reforms to strengthen the soundness and transparency of the system, such as the Securities Market Law and the Law of Institutions of the Private Insurance System, which contribute to stability, regulation, financial consumer protection and promotion of competition, generating favorable financing conditions, which include confidence, competitive interest rates and broad financial options.

RESUMO Introdução: O padel é um esporte crescente e popular em todo o mundo. No entanto, o aumento da prática desse esporte levou a um aumento das lesões relacionadas. Objetivo: determinar quais são as regiões e os tecidos corporais mais lesionados, bem como as principais lesões relacionadas à prática do padel; assim como os fatores de risco e as medidas para sua prevenção. Materiais e métodos: foi realizada uma pesquisa na literatura para abordar diferentes aspectos relacionados ao paddle, os fatores de risco para lesões também foram investigados e as estratégias de prevenção existentes foram analisadas. Resultados: os resultados indicam que o peso da raquete é um fator determinante no aparecimento de lesões, e recomenda-se que ele não ultrapasse 350 gramas. Além disso, foram identificadas diferenças nas lesões entre homens e mulheres, sendo que as mulheres são mais propensas a lesões ligamentares e os homens a lesões tendinosas ou musculares. Também são observadas diferenças nas lesões de acordo com o nível de jogo e a experiência dos jogadores. Em termos de prevenção de lesões, são recomendados exercícios de fortalecimento, estabilidade e propriocepção, além de trabalhar a técnica e usar equipamentos adequados. Conclusões: é importante implementar estratégias preventivas baseadas em evidências para reduzir o risco de lesões e promover a saúde dos jogadores de padel.

ABSTRACT Introduction: padel is a growing and popular sport worldwide. However, the increase in the practice of this sport has led to an increase in related injuries. Objective: to determine which are the most injured body regions and tissues, as well as the main injuries related to the practice of padel; the risk factors and measures for their prevention. Materials and methods: a bibliographic search was carried out to address different aspects related to padel, the risk factors for injuries were also investigated and the existing prevention strategies were analyzed. Results: the results indicate that the weight of the paddle is a determining factor in the appearance of injuries, and it is recommended that it should not exceed 350 grams. In addition, differences in injuries between men and women have been identified, with women being more prone to ligament injuries and men to tendon or muscle injuries. Differences in injuries are also observed according to the level of play and experience of the players. Regarding injury prevention, it is recommended to perform strengthening, stability and proprioception exercises, as well as to work on technique and use appropriate equipment. Conclusions: it is important to implement evidence-based preventive strategies to reduce the risk of injuries and promote health in padel players.

RESUMEN Introducción: el pádel es un deporte en crecimiento y popularidad a nivel mundial. Sin embargo, el aumento en la práctica de este deporte ha llevado a un incremento en las lesiones relacionadas. Objetivo: determinar cuáles son las regiones corporales y tejidos más lesionados, así como las lesiones principales relacionadas con la práctica del pádel; así como los factores de riesgo y las medidas para su prevención. Materiales y métodos: se ha realizado una búsqueda bibliográfica para abordar diferentes aspectos relacionados con el pádel, también se han investigado los factores de riesgo de lesiones y se han analizado las estrategias de prevención existentes. Resultados: los resultados indican que el peso de la pala es un factor determinante en la aparición de lesiones, siendo recomendable que no supere los 350 gramos. Además, se han identificado diferencias en las lesiones entre hombres y mujeres, con las mujeres siendo más propensas a lesiones ligamentosas y los hombres a lesiones tendinosas o musculares. También se observan diferencias en las lesiones según el nivel de juego y la experiencia de los jugadores. En cuanto a la prevención de lesiones, se recomienda realizar ejercicios de fortalecimiento, estabilidad y propiocepción, así como trabajar la técnica y utilizar equipamiento adecuado. Conclusiones: es importante implementar estrategias preventivas basadas en la evidencia para reducir el riesgo de lesiones y promover la salud en los jugadores de pádel.

ABSTRACT Whey is a residue from the cheese industry whose use as a raw material in human food formulations has been studied, mainly due to its nutritional composition and the negative impact it has on the environment when discarded. The objective of the present investigation was to obtain a dairy dessert from whey proteins. The numerical optimization method was used through an I-Optimal response surface. The selected factors were: protein (cottage cheese), xanthan gum, starch and system water, the variations were subject to the maximum allowable of these components for the mixture. The variables appearance, texture, general acceptance and stability. The sensory characterization of the dessert was carried out with five tasters from the Science Department of the Food Industry Research Institute, who generated the descriptors using the controlled association method. The selected formulation presented a protein content (cottage cheese) of 33.21%; 0.158% xanthan gum, 4.43 starch, 46% water and 16.2% sugar. The sensory evaluation allowed to establish the descriptors, color, homogeneity, strawberry smell, milky note in the smell, strawberry flavor, milky flavor, sweet flavor, acid flavor, consistency and creaminess. The overall impression for the quality turned out to be excellent.

RESUMEN El lactosuero es un residuo de la industria quesera cuyo aprovechamiento como materia prima en formulaciones alimentarias para humanos ha sido estudiado, principalmente por su composición nutricional y por el impacto negativo que tiene sobre el medio ambiente cuando se desecha. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue obtener un postre lácteo a partir de proteínas del lactosuero. Se utilizó el método de optimización numérica a través de una superficie respuesta I-Óptimo. Los factores seleccionados fueron: proteína (requesón), goma xantana, almidón y agua del sistema, las variaciones estuvieron sujetas al máximo permisible de estos componentes para la mezcla. Se evaluaron las variables: apariencia, textura, aceptación general y estabilidad. La caracterización sensorial del postre se realizó con cinco catadores de la Dirección de Ciencias del Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Alimenticia, quienes generaron los descriptores mediante el método de asociación controlada. La formulación seleccionada presentó un contenido de proteína (requesón) de 33,21 %; 0,158 % de goma xantana, 4,43 de almidón, 46 % de agua y 16,2 % de azúcar. La evaluación sensorial permitió establecer los descriptores, color, homogeneidad, olor a fresa, nota láctea en el olor, sabor a fresa, sabor lácteo, sabor dulce, sabor ácido, consistencia y cremosidad. La impresión general para la calidad resultó ser excelente.