Abstract Introduction: Chacón-Monge et al. (2024) sought to test the accuracy of DNA barcoding for species identification in Pacific Central American shallow water echinoderms. They used cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) sequences derived from new material collected as part of the BioMar-ACG project in Costa Rica. Using their set of 348 echinoderm sequences, they compared species identification results from two online platforms: the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) GenBank using the nucleotide Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLASTn), and the Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD) Identification Engine. Objective: The present article is a response to their results and conclusions. Methods: We reinterpreted the results from the authors’ Appendix 2 to enable an objective comparison between the BOLD Identification Engine and BLASTn in GenBank. Results: While the authors found that both platforms were limited by the number of reference sequences available in their respective databases, they concluded that GenBank outperformed BOLD for identification; however, we identify several methodological flaws in their analysis. These include pseudoreplication amongst query sequences, contaminated sequences stemming from sampling errors, and a lack of standardization when interpreting results from the two platforms. Their assessment of the BOLD Identification Engine was also limited by improper selection of a reference database. Conclusion: Addressing these errors, we reinterpret their results and demonstrate that there is no difference in performance between the two platforms.

Resumen Introducción: Chacón-Monge et al. (2024) intentaron probar la precisión de los códigos de barras de ADN para identificar especies de equinodermos de aguas poco profundas del Pacífico Centroamericano. Para ello, utilizaron secuencias de citocromo c oxidasa I (COI) provenientes de material recolectado recientemente como parte del proyecto BioMar-ACG en Costa Rica. Utilizando 348 secuencias de equinodermos, compararon los resultados de identificación de especies de dos plataformas en línea: GenBank del Centro Nacional de Información Biotecnológica (NCBI) empleando la herramienta de búsqueda de alineación local básica de nucleótidos (BLASTn) y la herramienta de identificación del Sistema de Datos del Código de Barras de la Vida (BOLD). Objetivo: El presente artículo es una respuesta a sus resultados y conclusiones. Métodos: Reinterpretamos los resultados presentados por los autores en Apéndice 2 para comparar objetivamente el sistema de identificación de BOLD y el de BLASTn en GenBank. Resultados: Si bien los autores encontraron que ambas plataformas estaban limitadas por la cantidad de secuencias de referencia disponibles en sus bases de datos, concluyeron que GenBank superó a BOLD en la identificación de especies; sin embargo, notamos varias fallas metodológicas en su análisis. Estas incluyeron la pseudorreplicación entre las secuencias consultadas, el uso de secuencias contaminadas derivadas de errores de muestreo y falta de estandarización al interpretar los resultados de las dos plataformas. Su evaluación del sistema de identificación de BOLD se vio limitada por la selección inadecuada de una base de datos de referencia. Conclusión: Teniendo en cuenta estos errores, reinterpretamos sus resultados y demostramos que no existe una diferencia significativa en el rendimiento de ambas plataformas.

Abstract: This article examines the concept of distinction developed by George Spencer-Brown in his work "Laws of Form", understood as a triunity between the indicated, the non-indicated, and the boundary. Through an onto-epistemological analysis, the laws and concepts associated with distinction in Spencer-Brown's work and their implications for a more comprehensive understanding of knowledge are explored. It is argued that this notion challenges traditional dichotomous views and allows for rethinking knowledge as a dynamic, situated process open to dialogue with the non-indicated. The article concludes that this approach provides valuable foundations for overcoming fragmented perspectives on knowing.

Resumen: Este artículo examina el concepto de distinción desarrollado por George Spencer-Brown en su obra Laws of Form, entendido como una triunidad entre lo indicado, lo no indicado y la frontera. A través de un análisis onto-epistemológico, se exploran las leyes y conceptos asociados a la distinción en Spencer-Brown y sus implicancias para una comprensión más integral del conocimiento. Se argumenta que esta noción desafía visiones dicotómicas tradicionales y permite repensar el conocimiento como un proceso dinámico, situado y abierto al diálogo con lo no-indicado. El artículo concluye que este enfoque aporta fundamentos valiosos para superar perspectivas fragmentadas sobre el conocer.

ABSTRACT Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a gram-negative bacterium associated with the etiology of several gastrointestinal tract pathologies, and cagA-positive (cagA+) strains are found in populations with gastric ulcers and precancerous lesions, inducing pro-inflammatory responses. The development of neoplasms is related to microRNA (miRNA) dysregulation, indicating highly expressed miRNA-629. The article aims to correlate the expression level of miRNA-629 with the presence of H. pylori and the pathogenicity marker cagA. Methods: 203 gastric biopsy samples were evaluated from individuals with normal gastric tissue (n=60), gastritis (n=96), and gastric cancer (n=47) of both genders and over 18 years old. The samples were subdivided according to the presence or absence of H. pylori, detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RNA was extracted using a commercial kit and quantified. Complementary DNA (cDNA) was synthesized using commercial kits, and the relative expression was calculated using the 2-ΔΔCt method. Results: Individuals infected with H. pylori are nine times more likely to develop gastric cancer. Cancer patients appeared to have decreased expression of miRNA-629; however, the presence of the bacterium would not influence this reduction. Individuals in the cancer group showed lower miRNA-629 expression when cagA+; however, in the control group, the expression was higher when cagA+. Conclusion: H. pylori is a factor involved in the etiology and progression of gastric diseases. Reduction in miRNA-629 expression in cancer patients occurs independent of the presence of the bacterium, but when the cagA pathogenicity marker is present, it induces changes in the gene expression of the respective miRNA. Background H (H gramnegative gram negative pathologies cagApositive positive cagA+ (cagA+ lesions proinflammatory pro inflammatory responses miRNA (miRNA dysregulation miRNA629. miRNA629 629. 629 miRNA-62 Methods 20 n=60, n60 n n=60 , 60 (n=60) n=96, n96 n=96 96 (n=96) n=47 n47 47 (n=47 1 old PCR. PCR . (PCR) quantified cDNA (cDNA kits 2ΔΔCt ΔΔCt 2 method Results however reduction Conclusion diseases present (cagA miRNA62 62 miRNA-6 n6 n=6 6 (n=60 n9 n=9 9 (n=96 n=4 n4 4 (n=4 (PCR miRNA6 miRNA- n= (n=6 (n=9 (n= (n

RESUMO Contexto: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) é uma bactéria gram-negativa associada à etiologia de várias patologias do trato gastrointestinal, e cepas positivas para cagA (cagA+) são encontradas em populações com úlceras gástricas e lesões pré-cancerígenas, induzindo respostas pró-inflamatórias. O desenvolvimento de neoplasias está relacionado à desregulação do microRNA (miRNA), indicando miRNA-629 altamente expresso. O artigo tem como objetivo correlacionar o nível de expressão do miRNA-629 com a presença de H. pylori e o marcador de patogenicidade cagA. Métodos: Foram avaliadas 203 amostras de biópsia gástrica de indivíduos com tecido gástrico normal (n=60), gastrite (n=96) e câncer gástrico (n=47) de ambos os sexos e com mais de 18 anos. As amostras foram subdivididas de acordo com a presença ou ausência de H. pylori, detectado por reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR). O RNA foi extraído usando um kit comercial e quantificado. O DNA complementar (cDNA) foi sintetizado usando kits comerciais, e a expressão relativa foi calculada usando o método 2-ΔΔCt. Resultados: Indivíduos infectados com H. pylori têm nove vezes mais chances de desenvolver câncer gástrico. Pacientes com câncer parecem ter diminuição da expressão do miRNA-629; no entanto, a presença da bactéria não influenciaria essa redução. Indivíduos no grupo do câncer apresentaram menor expressão do miRNA-629 quando cagA+; no entanto, no grupo controle, a expressão foi maior quando cagA+. Conclusão: H. pylori é um fator envolvido na etiologia e progressão das doenças gástricas. A redução na expressão do miRNA-629 em pacientes com câncer ocorre independentemente da presença da bactéria, mas quando o marcador de patogenicidade cagA está presente, induz mudanças na expressão gênica do respectivo miRNA. Contexto H (H gramnegativa gram negativa gastrointestinal cagA+ (cagA+ précancerígenas, précancerígenas pré cancerígenas, cancerígenas pré-cancerígenas próinflamatórias. próinflamatórias pró inflamatórias. inflamatórias pró-inflamatórias miRNA, miRNA , (miRNA) miRNA629 629 miRNA-62 expresso Métodos 20 n=60, n60 n n=60 60 (n=60) n=96 n96 96 (n=96 n=47 n47 47 (n=47 1 anos PCR. PCR . (PCR) quantificado cDNA (cDNA comerciais 2ΔΔCt. 2ΔΔCt ΔΔCt 2 ΔΔCt. 2-ΔΔCt Resultados entanto controle Conclusão presente (cagA (miRNA miRNA62 62 miRNA-6 n6 n=6 6 (n=60 n=9 n9 9 (n=9 n=4 n4 4 (n=4 (PCR miRNA6 miRNA- n= (n=6 (n= (n

ABSTRACT Introduction: Competences in primary healthcare should characterize the profile of health professionals working at that level. Objective: To describe the competences of health professionals for the implementation of primary healthcare. Methods: A qualitative-descriptive study, following Margarete Sandelowski’s postulates and the Ritchie and Spencer’s method, was carried out in Bogota and Soacha during the year 2021. Semistructured interviews were applied to 9 health professionals. Results: The competences that should characterize primary healthcare teams are linked to the elements, components and principles of primary healthcare itself, with emphasis on health promotion and disease prevention, as well as family and community orientation, intersectoral and interdisciplinary work, health education for self-care, training in health policy and comprehensive care. Conclusions: Practicing in primary healthcare requires specific competences for assistance and administrative management; it requires high scientific, ethical and humanistic knowledge, as well as soft skills: leadership, collaborative work, decision-making capacity and conflict resolution. It also requires financial resources and overcoming structural barriers that compromise the work of professionals in charge of guaranteeing compliance and effectiveness of primary healthcare in Colombia.

RESUMEN Introducción: Las competencias en atención primaria de salud deben caracterizar el perfil de los profesionales de la salud que se desempeñan en atención primaria. Objetivo: Describir las competencias del profesional de salud para la implementación de la atención primaria. Métodos: Estudio cualitativo descriptivo bajo los postulados de Margarete Sandelowski y el método de Ritchie y Spencer. Realizado en Bogotá y Soacha durante el año 2021. Se aplicaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a nueve profesionales de la salud. Resultados: Las competencias que deben caracterizar a los equipos de Atención Primaria están vinculadas con los elementos, componentes y principios de la atención primaria de salud, con énfasis en promoción de la salud y prevención de la enfermedad, la orientación familiar y comunitaria, el trabajo intersectorial e interdisciplinario, la educación en salud para el autocuidado, la formación en política en salud y la atención integral. Conclusiones: Desempeñarse en Atención Primaria requiere competencias específicas para la asistencia y la gestión administrativa; exige altos conocimientos científicos, éticos, humanísticos y competencias blandas: liderazgo, trabajo colaborativo, capacidad para la toma de decisiones y resolución de conflictos; recursos financieros y superar barreras estructurales que comprometen el trabajo de los profesionales encargados para garantizar el cumplimiento y la efectividad de la atención primaria en Colombia.

Abstract Objective To analyze the effects of Senior Dance® (SD) on cognitive aspects in older adults aged 60 to 85 years. Method Non-randomized controlled clinical trial consisting of two groups: (G1) institutionalized older adults with cognitive decline and (G2) non-institutionalized older adults without cognitive decline. Assessments were conducted using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Brief Cognitive Screening Battery (BCSB), and Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR). The SD sessions were conducted in a seated format, for 12 weeks, twice a week, with a duration of 60 minutes each. The Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon non-parametric tests were used for pre-intervention and post-intervention comparisons. Results G1 consisted of 15 older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and mild dementia, while G2 consisted of 32 older adults. The Wilcoxon test showed a statistically significant difference (p value ≤0.050) in various cognitive domains assessed by the MMSE and BCSB in both groups. Specifically, significant improvements were observed in the domains of attention, calculation, and language in G1, as well as in language in G2, according to the MMSE. Additionally, significant changes were noted in the domains of incidental memory, recognition, and verbal fluency in G1, and in incidental memory, immediate memory, delayed memory, recognition, and clock drawing in G2, as assessed by the BCSB. Conclusion It is concluded that SD had positive impacts on the cognitive functions of participants in both groups, contributing to prevention and health promotion. Dance (SD 6 8 years Nonrandomized Non randomized groups G (G1 (G2 noninstitutionalized non MiniMental Mini Mental MMSE, , (MMSE) BCSB, (BCSB) CDR. CDR . (CDR) format 1 weeks week each MannWhitney Mann Whitney nonparametric parametric preintervention pre intervention postintervention post comparisons MCI (MCI dementia 3 p ≤0.050 0050 0 050 Specifically attention calculation Additionally memory recognition promotion (G (MMSE (BCSB (CDR ≤0.05 005 05 ≤0.0 00 ≤0. ≤0 ≤

Resumo Objetivo Analisar os efeitos da Dança Sênior® (DS) nos aspectos cognitivos em pessoas idosas de 60 a 85 anos. Método Ensaio clínico não randomizado, controlado, composto por dois grupos: (G1) pessoas idosas com declínio cognitivo, institucionalizadas e (G2) pessoas idosas sem declínio cognitivo, não institucionalizadas. Para avaliação utilizou-se Miniexame do Estado Mental (MEEM), Bateria Breve de Rastreio Cognitivo (BBRC) e Escala de Avaliação Clínica da Demência (Clinical Dementia Rating- CDR). A DS foi realizada na modalidade sentada, durante 12 semanas, 2 vezes na semana, com duração de 60 minutos. Para comparação entre os momentos pré-intervenção e pós-intervenção utilizou-se o teste não paramétrico Mann-Whitney e Wilcoxo Resultados A amostra do G1 foi constituída por 15 pessoas com comprometimento cognitivo leve (CCL) e demência leve, enquanto o G2 foi composto por 32. O teste de Wilcoxon apontou diferença estatisticamente significante p valor (≤0,050) em vários domínios cognitivos avaliados no MEEM e BBRC em ambos os grupos, abrangendo os domínios atenção e cálculo e linguagem no G1, e linguagem no G2 pelo MEEM. Além disso, nos domínios de memória incidental, reconhecimento e fluência verbal no G1 e memória incidental, memória imediata, memória tardia, reconhecimento e desenho do relógio no G2, conforme avaliação pela BBRC. Conclusão Conclui-se, que a DS proporcionou impactos positivos nas funções cognitivas dos participantes de ambos os grupos, contribuindo para a prevenção e promoção da saúde. Sênior (DS 6 8 anos randomizado controlado grupos G (G1 (G2 utilizouse utilizou se MEEM, , (MEEM) (BBRC Clinical Rating CDR. CDR . CDR) sentada 1 semanas semana minutos préintervenção pré intervenção pósintervenção pós MannWhitney Mann Whitney CCL (CCL 32 ≤0,050 0050 0 050 (≤0,050 disso incidental imediata tardia Concluise, Concluise Conclui se, Conclui-se saúde (G (MEEM 3 ≤0,05 005 05 (≤0,05 ≤0,0 00 (≤0,0 ≤0, (≤0, ≤0 (≤0 ≤ (≤ (

ABSTRACT There are few literature publications on the species of Cerodontha Rondani, 1861 that occur in Brazil. This contrasts with the situation in the Nearctic region and Europe, where the genus is well-studied. We analyzed specimens of Cerodontha from two important collections in Brazil: Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia and Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. As a result, we found and describe two new species: Cerodontha (Poemyza) teresopoliensis sp. nov. and Cerodontha (Poemyza) rafaelii sp. nov., that both can be recognized for some specific character, as the darker body coloration and form of the male genitalia. We also provide new records and additional characters to diagnosis for the Cerodontha (Butomomyza) orcina Spencer, 1973 and Cerodontha (Butomomyza) obscurata Martinez, 1992. The descriptions are illustrated with images of the external morphology of the adult and male genitalia. A key to the Brazilian species of the subgenera Butomomyza and Poemyza are also provided. Rondani 186 Brazil Europe wellstudied. wellstudied well studied. studied well-studied Janeiro result (Poemyza sp nov character genitalia (Butomomyza Spencer 197 Martinez 1992 provided 18 19 199 1

ABSTRACT This article analyzes how Scottish writer Robert Louis Stevenson (1850-1894) depicts the relationship between science and morality (secular or religious) in his 1886 novella The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. For this purpose, I analyze the setting choice (London) and some characteristics of late Victorian Gothic fiction that constitute the negative aesthetics of which Stevenson’s characters are formed. Then, I analyze how the negative aesthetic juxtaposes with an order that is both scientific and moralist in a cultural context in which the reading public is obsessed with crime. Eventually, I discuss the theories of 19th-century philosophers and scientists, such as Herbert Spencer (1820-1903), Cesare Lombroso (1835-1909), and Francis Galton (1822-1911), in an attempt to understand Stevenson’s novella from an allegedly scientific point of view. I conclude that Hyde/Jekyll was “destined” to fail since both late Victorian science and morality were prone to condemn the “unfit”. 18501894 1850 1894 (1850-1894 secular religious 188 Dr Mr Hyde purpose London (London Stevensons s formed Then crime Eventually 19thcentury thcentury 19th century th scientists 18201903, 18201903 1820 1903 , (1820-1903) 18351909, 18351909 1835 1909 (1835-1909) 18221911, 18221911 1822 1911 (1822-1911) view HydeJekyll destined “destined unfit. unfit . “unfit” 1850189 185 189 (1850-189 18 1820190 182 190 (1820-1903 1835190 183 (1835-1909 1822191 191 (1822-1911 “unfit 185018 (1850-18 1 182019 19 (1820-190 183519 (1835-190 182219 (1822-191 18501 (1850-1 18201 (1820-19 18351 (1835-19 18221 (1822-19 (1850- (1820-1 (1835-1 (1822-1 (1850 (1820- (1835- (1822- (185 (1820 (1835 (1822 (18 (182 (183 (1 (

RESUMO Este artigo analisa como o escritor escocês Robert Louis Stevenson (1850-1894) retrata a relação entre ciência e moral (secular ou religiosa) em sua novela de 1886, O médico e o monstro. Para tanto, analiso a escolha do cenário (Londres) e algumas características da ficção gótica tardo-vitoriana que constituem a estética negativa da qual são formados os personagens de Stevenson. Em seguida, analiso como uma estética negativa se justapõe a uma ordem científica e moralista em um contexto cultural em que o público leitor é obcecado por crimes. Ao final, discuto as teorias de filósofos e cientistas do século XIX, como Herbert Spencer (1820-1903), Cesare Lombroso (1835-1909) e Francis Galton (1822-1911), na tentativa de compreender a novela de Stevenson de um ponto de vista supostamente científico. Concluo que Hyde/Jekyll estava “destinado” ao fracasso, já que tanto a ciência quanto a moralidade do final da era vitoriana eram propensas a condenar os “inaptos”. 18501894 1850 1894 (1850-1894 secular religiosa 1886 monstro Londres (Londres tardovitoriana tardo seguida crimes XIX 18201903, 18201903 1820 1903 , (1820-1903) 18351909 1835 1909 (1835-1909 18221911, 18221911 1822 1911 (1822-1911) científico HydeJekyll Hyde Jekyll destinado “destinado fracasso inaptos. inaptos . “inaptos” 1850189 185 189 (1850-189 188 1820190 182 190 (1820-1903 1835190 183 (1835-190 1822191 191 (1822-1911 “inaptos 185018 18 (1850-18 182019 19 (1820-190 183519 (1835-19 182219 (1822-191 18501 1 (1850-1 18201 (1820-19 18351 (1835-1 18221 (1822-19 (1850- (1820-1 (1835- (1822-1 (1850 (1820- (1835 (1822- (185 (1820 (183 (1822 (18 (182 (1 (

Resumen En el ámbito de la discapacidad intelectual, el desarrollo de una vida independiente se ha configurado como un derecho humano y civil que permite a estas personas articular planes de vida deseados. Esta investigación analiza, mediante un estudio de caso, los significados que un grupo asesor compuesto por ocho personas adultas con discapacidad intelectual tiene sobre el concepto de vida independiente en el contexto chileno. Para la recopilación de los datos se diseñó una entrevista grupal semiestructurada acompañada de moodboards que facilitaron la verbalización de las respuestas. Sobre los relatos obtenidos a partir de las entrevistas se realizó un análisis de contenido temático. Los resultados muestran cómo el desempeño de una actividad laboral remunerada o el establecimiento de relaciones afectivas sólidas se conforman como elementos imprescindibles para la independencia personal. La dificultad para ser económicamente independientes o la falta de accesibilidad en el entorno laboral se identifican también como principales barreras para la concreción de este derecho. Igualmente, se destaca el rol que desempeñan la pareja y las amistades como figuras de apoyo constante a la independencia y al empoderamiento personal. Estos resultados sugieren algunas orientaciones para la planificación de intervenciones sobre este constructo, las cuales deben procurar la adquisición de habilidades que fortalezcan la capacidad de autocuidado de este colectivo, promover el incremento de oportunidades para la realización de elecciones significativas en el ámbito laboral, personal y comunitario, y adaptarse a los espacios en los que se desenvuelven las personas con discapacidad intelectual en la edad adulta.

Abstract In the field of intellectual disability, the development of an independent life has been configured as a human and civil right that allows these people to articulate desired life plans. Despite the advances, at the international level, research on aspects related to independent living in people with intellectual disabilities continues to be very scarce. Generally, the approaches to the study of this construct are based on broader investigations dedicated to evaluating the levels of quality of life or self-determination of this population in residential services or sheltered housing. Precisely, this study analyzes, through a case study, the meanings that an advisory group made up of eight adults with intellectual disabilities has on the concept of independent living in the Chilean context in order, on the one hand, to identify relevant elements for the definition of the construct from the perceptions and experiences of this population; and on the other, to propose guidelines at various levels that allow progress in the realization of this right. To collect the data, a semi-structured group interview was designed whose questions were grouped around four themes: previous conceptions of the participants about the construct of independent life, satisfaction with life and possibilities of the context for the development of personal independence, role of family, friendship and partner in independent life, and opportunities of the work context for the achievement of personal independence. During the interview, another strategy was incorporated in which visual language gained more relevance. Specifically, a set of ten moodboards were used that allowed participants to delve into the different topics addressed. The results of the code validation process were calculated using Krippendorff's alpha statistics (.954) and Cohen's kappa (.953), which showed a high level of inter-judge agreement. As a result of this process, categories (N = 6) and subcategories (N = 17) were established. The results show how various needs, barriers and facilitators for the development of independent life are identified from the interviews of the interviewees. Among the main needs is the performance of a paid work activity or the establishment of solid affective relationships. With regard to the barriers that hinder personal independence, the most notorious are related to the difficulty of being financially independent or to the lack of accessibility in the work environment. Regarding the elements that facilitate the development of an independent life, the role of the couple stands out as a constant figure of support for independence and personal empowerment. These results suggest some guidelines for planning interventions on this construct. Among others, they should seek the acquisition of skills that strengthen the self-care capacity of this group; should promote increased opportunities for making meaningful choices in the workplace, personal and community; and they must adapt to the spaces in which people with intellectual disabilities operate in adulthood. On the other hand, it is assumed that one of the main limitations of this research is that the results are not generalizable. However, this study has some strengths. Among others, it contributes to enriching the bulk of research on independent living, this being an aspect barely addressed in the literature. It also complements the results of other research regarding the elements that can condition the development of skills for personal independence. This allows for the design of interventions that provide opportunities for independent living based on the felt needs of these people. In addition, it raises future lines of research related, for example, to the importance of the informed choice of the residential environment or to the study of the possibilities of the digital world as an incident phenomenon in the acquisition of skills for personal independence.

Abstract: This article aims to study “Consumidor.gov.br”, a public online dispute resolution (ODR) platform, and its potential as a preventive instrument for consumer disputes. It starts from the hypothesis that the expansion of the service in Brazil has not yet fulfilled the desideratum of restraining excessive judicialization and that adjustments are necessary to achieve this scope. Platform usage data is examined, in contrast to information on procedural distribution. In the light of the doctrine on biases, heuristics and nudges, it is proposed to use non-cogent behavioral stimuli to maximize the adoption of the platform and its resolute effectiveness. Alternatively, possible interactions between ODR platforms and the judicial process are examined, which could serve the same deterrent objective on exacerbated judicialization.

Resumo: Este artigo objetiva estudar o “Consumidor.gov.br”, plataforma pública on-line de resolução de disputas (ODR), e o seu potencial como instrumento preventivo das lides de consumo. Parte-se da hipótese de que a expansão do serviço no Brasil ainda não cumpriu o desiderato de refrear a judicialização excessiva e de que ajustes são necessários para ultimar esse escopo. São examinados os dados de utilização da plataforma, em contraste com as informações sobre distribuição processual. À luz da doutrina sobre vieses, heurísticas e “nudges”, propõe-se a utilização de estímulos comportamentais não cogentes para maximizar a adoção da plataforma e a sua eficácia resolutiva. Alternativamente, examinam-se possíveis interações entre as plataformas de ODR e o processo judicial, que poderiam servir ao mesmo objetivo dissuasório da judicialização exacerbada.

RESUMEN: El Echinococcus granulosus (E. granulosus), es un cestodo que se propaga entre huéspedes intermedios y definitivos a través de la ingestión de materia fecal contaminada con los huevos del parásito. El ciclo de vida consiste en la diferenciación de huevos a oncosferas y embriones, que finalmente forman quistes en órganos como el hígado, los pulmones y otros. Dentro de estos quistes hay protoescólices, una etapa intermedia del parásito que se convierte en su forma adulta (tenia), una vez que infectan a sus huéspedes definitivos. Cuando estos quistes hidatídicos se desarrollan en seres humanos, se les conoce como equinococosis quística (EC). Esta enfermedad se trata mediante la extirpación quirúrgica de los quistes o la quimioterapia con compuestos benzimidazólicos. La comprensión de la morfología de la etapa de desarrollo intermedia del E. granulosus y la etapa de protosclex, puede permitir a los investigadores identificar cambios estructurales definidos y funciones de proteínas que podrían usarse para desarrollar modalidades de tratamiento para la CE. Las características únicas en la superficie tegumentaria durante la etapa de protoescolex y las proteínas asociadas con la fertilidad del quiste se han identificado en estudios de investigación anteriores y acercan a los investigadores a la comprensión de los mecanismos subyacentes del desarrollo del E. granulosus y, en consecuencia, los medios para interrumpirlo para lograr un mejor control de la enfermedad.

SUMMARY: Echinococcus granulosus (E. granulosus), is a tapeworm that spreads between intermediate and definitive hosts through the ingestion of fecal matter contaminated with the parasite’s eggs. The life cycle consists of differentiation from eggs to oncospheres to embryos, which eventually form cysts in organs like the liver, lungs and others. Within these cysts are protoscolices, an intermediate stage of the parasite which develop into adult tapeworms once they infect their definitive hosts. When these hydatid cysts form in humans, it is known as Cystic Echinococcosis (CE). This disease is treated through surgical excision of the cysts and or chemotherapy with benzimidazole compounds. Understanding the morphology of the intermediate developmental stage of E. granulosus, protoscolex stage, can allow researchers to identify defining structural changes and protein functions that could be used to develop treatment modalities for CE. Unique characteristics in the tegumental surface during the protoescolex stage and proteins associated with cyst fertility have all been identified in previous research studies and bring researchers closer to understanding the underlying mechanisms of E. granulosus development, and consequently, means to disrupt it to achieve better control of the disease.

RESUMO As ideias do britânico Herbert Spencer (1820 a 1903) abrangeram diferentes áreas do conhecimento e, em sua época e para além dela, influenciaram discursos políticos reformistas pelo mundo, a saber: importância da ciência e de seu ensino nas escolas; contrariedade da interferência do estado na vida dos indivíduos; otimismo em relação ao progresso; seleção por competência; teoria evolucionista da sociedade. Sobre a educação advogou a existência de uma hierarquia de atividades: 1ª) conservação própria; 2ª) necessárias à conservação própria; 3ª) disciplina dos filhos; 4ª) procedimentos sociais e relações políticas; 5ª) restante da vida (gostos e sentimentos). Consideramos que a compreensão das ideias de Spencer favorece o entendimento do mundo histórico desde o final do século XIX até primeiras décadas do século XX, mas também permite refletir sobre questões importantes da atualidade.

ABSTRACT The ideas of the English intellectual Herbert Spencer (1820-1903) encompassed different areas of knowledge and, in his time and beyond, influenced reformist political discourse all over the world, including topics such as the importance of science and its teaching in schools, opposition to State interference in individuals’ lives, optimism in relation to progress, selection through competence, and an evolutionary theory of societal development. Regarding education, he advocated the existence of a hierarchy of activities: 1) self-preservation, 2) those necessary for self-preservation, 3) discipline of children, 4) social procedures and political relationships, and 5) the rest of life (preferences and feelings). Grasping Spencer’s ideas promotes an understanding of the historical world from the end of the nineteenth century to the first decades of the twentieth century, and also enables reflection on issues of current importance.

Abstract The following article presents an inclusive research and development process that aims to co-create a technological support system for cognitive accessibility in urban settings. An inclusive research and co-design methodology is proposed, carried out by a multidisciplinary group from the areas of education, sociology, engineering and design, in conjunction with an advisory group of 11 adults with intellectual disabilities, who participate as experts by experience, adopting the role of co-researchers and co-designers of supports that promote independent living. Among the results, a pictographic language co-designed with the advisory group is described and the PICTOS application is presented to support and evaluate cognitive accessibility in face-to-face or physical services. The final discussion addresses the learnings about the impact of cognitive accessibility and inclusive research in co-design processes.

Resumen El siguiente artículo presenta un proceso de investigación y desarrollo inclusivo que tiene como objetivo la cocreación de un sistema de apoyo tecnológico para la accesibilidad cognitiva en entornos urbanos. Se plantea una metodología de investigación inclusiva y codiseño, llevada a cabo por un grupo multidisciplinar de las áreas de la educación, sociología, ingeniería y diseño, en conjunto con un grupo asesor conformado por 11 adultos con discapacidad intelectual, quienes participaron como expertos por experiencia, adoptando el rol de coinvestigadores y codiseñadores de apoyos que potencian la vida independiente. Entre los resultados se describe un lenguaje pictográfico codiseñado con el grupo asesor y la aplicación PICTOS para apoyar y evaluar la accesibilidad cognitiva en servicios presenciales o físicos. La discusión final aborda los aprendizajes sobre el impacto de la accesibilidad cognitiva y la investigación inclusiva en los procesos de codiseño.