Abstract Sustainable forest management requires the integration of better practices for the conservation of biological diversity. Therefore, it is necessary to know the composition and richness of wild communities in sites where different forest management practices are applied. To this end, the fauna of managed forests in the Chignahuapan region of Puebla State was sampled for four years. A total of 112 species were recorded: 13 medium and large mammals, 83 birds, four amphibians and 12 reptiles. The abundances of these observed species were used to calculate the expected richness with the non-parametric Chao1 estimator. The management method with the highest expected richness was the Silvicultural Development Method (MDS) with 113, followed by Successive Cutting (CS) with 97, and the lowest was observed in the Mexican Method for the Management of Irregular Forests (MMOBI) with 71. Sampling completeness ranged from 92 % in amphibians to 99 % in mammals. Sixteen species are in some risk category in the official Mexican standard NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010, and 25 are endemic to Mexico. Taxonomic lists contain information on conservation status, endemism and relative abundance. Intensive forest management methods, such as MDS, have a richer mammal and bird community than MMOBI and CS but are similar to protected areas. The richness and abundance of amphibians and reptiles, most of them in some risk category, are low, especially in MMOBI and CS, and almost absent in protected areas.

Resumen El manejo forestal sustentable requiere de la integración de mejores prácticas de conservación de la diversidad biológica. Para esto, es necesario conocer la composición y riqueza de las comunidades silvestres en los sitios donde se aplican diferentes prácticas silvícolas. Con esta finalidad, se muestreó durante cuatro años la fauna de bosques productivos de la región de Chignahuapan, Puebla. Se registraron 112 especies: 13 de mamíferos medianos y grandes, 83 de aves, cuatro de anfibios y 12 de reptiles. A partir de la abundancia de estas especies observadas, se determinó la riqueza esperada con el estimador no paramétrico Chao1. El método de manejo con mayor riqueza esperada fue el Método de Desarrollo Silvícola (MDS) con 113, seguido por Cortas Sucesivas (CS) con 97, y la menor se observó en el Método Mexicano de Ordenación de Bosques Irregulares (MMOBI) con 71. La completitud de los muestreos varió del 92 % en anfibios al 99 % en mamíferos. Dieciséis especies se encuentran en alguna categoría de riesgo en la norma oficial mexicana NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010, y 25 son endémicas de México. Se presentan listas taxonómicas con información sobre la situación de conservación, endemismo y abundancia relativa. Los métodos intensivos de manejo forestal, como MDS, tienen una comunidad de mamíferos y aves más rica que el MMOBI y CS, pero similar a las de áreas bajo protección. La riqueza y abundancia de anfibios y reptiles, la mayoría en alguna categoría de riesgo, son bajas, especialmente en el MMOBI y CS, y casi ausentes en zonas de protección.

Abstract: Hunting is part of the biocultural heritage of the Maya people of the Yucatán Peninsula because it has been part of their strategy of multiple use of resources and their cosmovision since pre-Hispanic times. The study of knowledge and practices on the uses of natural resources can help to improve the resilience of biological and human communities to disturbances. The aim of this study was to characterize the biocultural knowledge associated with traditional hunting in the Mayan community of Xul, Yucatán. From September to December 2020, 42 mixed questionnaires and seven semi-structured interviews were applied to local hunters. It was found that 23 species of vertebrates (35 mammals, 6 birds, and 1 reptile) are hunted in Xul and are used mainly for food. The species with higher cultural importance (IIC) were the red brocket deer (Mazama temama), collared peccary (Pecari tajacu), and ocellated turkey (Meleagris ocellata). The dry season is their favorite season for hunting (71.4 %) and hunters prefer the milpa (92.9 %) and forest (83.3 %) as hunting sites. The most practiced techniques are the “batida” (flushing by hunting teams, p’uuj; 92.9 %), “caminar por el monte” (walking through the woods, xíimbal ts’on; 73.8 %), and “lampareo” (hunting with flashlights, ts’on; 69 %). In Xul there are beliefs such as virtues, the owners of animals and the winds (Ik’). These results show the continuity of biocultural knowledge related to hunting and its importance in the management and conservation of wild fauna in rural communities.

Resumen: La cacería es una actividad que forma parte del patrimonio biocultural de los mayas de la Península de Yucatán, ya que desde la época prehispánica ha sido parte de su estrategia de uso múltiple de recursos y su cosmovisión. El estudio de los conocimientos y prácticas sobre el empleo de los recursos naturales puede contribuir a aumentar la resiliencia de las comunidades biológicas y humanas ante las perturbaciones. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar el conocimiento biocultural asociado a la cacería tradicional en la comunidad maya de Xul, Yucatán. Se aplicaron 42 cuestionarios mixtos y siete entrevistas semiestructuradas a cazadores locales entre septiembre y diciembre de 2020. Se reportaron 23 especies de vertebrados que se cazan en Xul (16 mamíferos, 6 aves y 1 reptil) y sus usos. Las especies de mayor importancia cultural (IIC) son el venado cabrito (Mazama temama), el jabalí (Pecari tajacu) y el pavo de monte (Meleagris ocellata). La temporada de sequía es la preferida para cazar (71.4 %) y los sitios son la milpa (92.9 %) y el monte alto (83.3 %). Las técnicas que más se practican son la batida (p’uuj; 92.9 %), caminar por el monte (xíimbal ts’on; 73.8 %) y el lampareo (ts’on; 69 %). En Xul existen creencias en elementos y entidades como las virtudes, los Dueños de los animales y los vientos (Ik’). Estos resultados manifiestan la continuidad e importancia de considerar el conocimiento biocultural sobre la cacería con relación al manejo y conservación de la fauna silvestre en comunidades rurales.

Abstract Agroecosystems with coffee (Coffea arabica) are biodiversity reservoirs where fauna species can be found, including some mammals. Mammal’s studies in this habitat have been increasing in recent years. It is important to know the richness, abundance, and diversity of species, as well as the periods of activity to understand the dynamic in a productive system such as coffee plantations. The aim is to determine the diversity of mammals in coffee agroecosystems in Rincón de Mora, San Ramón, Alajuela, Costa Rica. To do this, different capture methods were used (Sherman, Havahart type live capture traps, camera traps and mist nets) which were placed in strategic sites for three years of sampling. 22 species of mammals were detected, classified into three groups according to their abundance: higher, medium, and less. The higher presence of mammals occurred in the phenological stages of flowering-filling and fruit-leaf (at the end of the harvest). Data were obtained from mammals during daytime and nighttime hours. The Shannon H diversity index had a result of 1.80, while the Berger-Parker d= 0.69. According to this research, as well as other studies, coffee agroecosystems can be considered an alternative supporting habitat for the protection of mammal species and other associated fauna.

Resumen Los agroecosistemas con café (Coffea arabica) son reservorios de biodiversidad donde se pueden encontrar especies de fauna, entre ellos algunos mamíferos. Los estudios de mamíferos en este hábitat han ido aumentando en los últimos años. Es importante conocer la riqueza, abundancia y diversidad de especies, así como los periodos de actividad para conocer a profundidad la dinámica en un sistema productivo como los cafetales. El objetivo es determinar la diversidad de mamíferos en agroecosistemas con café en Rincón de Mora, San Ramón, Alajuela, Costa Rica. Para ello, se utilizaron diferentes métodos de captura (trampas de captura viva tipo Sherman, Havahart, cámaras trampa y redes de niebla) las cuales se colocaron en sitios estratégicos durante tres años de muestreo. Se detectaron 22 especies de mamíferos clasificadas en tres grupos según su abundancia: mayor, media y menor. La mayor presencia de mamíferos se dio en las etapas fenológicas de floración-llenado y de fruto-hoja (al final de la cosecha). Se obtuvieron datos de mamíferos en horarios diurnos y nocturnos. El índice de diversidad Shannon H tuvo un resultado de 1,80, mientras que el de Berger-Parker d= 0,69. Según esta investigación, así como con otros estudios, se puede considerar que los agroecosistemas con café son un hábitat alternativo de apoyo para la protección de especies de mamíferos y otra fauna asociada.

RESUMO: No Brasil, a Mata Atlântica vem sofrendo com o desmatamento, que tem impactado sua flora, fauna e microbiota. No entanto, a diversidade fúngica presente nesses ambientes é pouco conhecida e estudada. Neste trabalho, um total de 90 amostras de 45 aves silvestres (45 penas e 45 fezes) foram coletadas na Ilha da Marambaia, Sudeste do Brasil. Fungos filamentosos isolados dessas amostras foram identificados por meio de características macroscópicas e microscópicas. Alguns isolados foram identificados por biologia molecular usando a técnica de PCR. Foram identificados Acremonium, Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cunninghamella, Curvularia, Eurotium, Fusarium, Geotrichum, Neosartorya, Pestalotia, Paecilomyces, Penicillium, Rhizopus, Mucor e Syncephalastrum. Esses resultados indicam a presença de espécies de fungos saprofíticos nas penas e fezes de aves silvestres do local de captura. Novos estudos devem ser realizados a fim de elucidar se o perfil da micobiota se modifica com a antropização e se interfere na saúde das aves e na recuperação ambiental.

ABSTRACT: In Brazil, the Atlantic Forest has been suffering from deforestation, which has had impacts on its flora, fauna, and microbiota. However, the fungal diversity present in these environments is little known and studied. In this study, a total of 90 samples of 45 wild birds (45 feathers and 45 feces) were collected in Ilha da Marambaia, southeastern Brazil. Filamentous fungi isolated from these samples were identified through macroscopic and microscopic characteristics. Some isolates were identified by molecular biology using the PCR technique. Acremonium, Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cunninghamella, Curvularia, Eurotium, Fusarium, Geotrichum, Neosartorya, Pestalotia, Paecilomyces, Penicillium, Rhizopus, Mucor and Syncephalastrum were identified. These results indicate the presence of saprophytic fungi species in the feathers and feces of wild birds of the capture site. Further studies should be conducted to elucidate if the mycobiota profile modifies with anthropization and if it interferes with bird health and environmental recovery.

Resumo Apesar de ser um importante componente dos ecossistemas de água doce e um importante fator controlador das populações naturais de peixes, os parasitos de peixes amazônicos ainda são pouco estudados. Foi analisada a fauna de parasitos metazoários em 10 espécies de peixes detritívoros e onívoros do Lago Amapá na Amazônia ocidental. Dos 159 espécimes de peixes examinados, 73,6% estavam parasitados por uma ou mais espécies de parasitos metazoários. Um total de 5.260 parasitos (24 Monogenea, 14 Nematoda, 10 Digenea, 2 Acanthocephala e 6 Crustacea) foram identificados. Houve um padrão de dispersão agregado de parasitos. Houve predominância de espécies de endohelmintos que apresentaram padrão semelhante quanto ao nível de comunidades componentes, ou seja, baixo número de espécies, baixa diversidade e dominância de uma única espécie, principalmente os digenéticos e nematoides em estágio larval. Cinco espécies de parasitos apresentaram correlação com o tamanho corporal dos hospedeiros. Na comunidade de peixes, a presença de endoparasitos em fase larval e adulta sugere que esses são hospedeiros intermediários, paratênicos e definitivos, refletindo seus hábitos alimentares detritívoros ou onívoros. O nível trófico e dieta influenciaram na estruturação das comunidades e infracomunidades de endohelmintos. Por fim, 38% das espécies de parasitos metazoários foram novos registros para os hospedeiros examinados.

Abstract Despite being an important component of the freshwater ecosystems and an important factor controlling wild fish populations, Amazonian fish parasites have been poorly studied. Here, we analyzed the fauna of metazoan parasites from 10 detritivorous and omnivorous fish species from Amapá Lake in the western Amazon. Of 159 fish specimens examined, 73.6% were parasitized by one or more species of metazoan parasites. A total of 5,260 parasites (24 Monogenea, 14 Nematoda, 10 Digenea, 2 Acanthocephala, and 6 Crustacea) were identified. Aggregated dispersion pattern of parasites was observed. There was a predominance of endohelminth species that presented a similar pattern regarding the level of component communities (i.e., a low species number, low diversity and dominance of a single species, mainly the digeneans and nematodes in their larval stages). Five species of parasites presented correlation with the body size of the hosts. In the fish community, the presence of endoparasites in the larval and adult stages suggests that these are intermediate, paratenic and definitive hosts, reflecting their detritivorous or omnivorous feeding habits. The trophic level and diet had an influence on the structuring of endohelminth communities and infracommunities. Lastly, 38% of the metazoan parasite species were new records for examined hosts.

Resumen Introducción: Las vías de comunicación son parte del desarrollo económico y social en todo el mundo. El desarrollo de carreteras causa la fragmentación de ecosistemas naturales, aumentando el riesgo de mortalidad de los animales silvestres por atropellamientos vehiculares. Objetivo: Analizar la tasa de mortalidad de vertebrados silvestres atropellados de acuerdo con la temporada climática y el grado de urbanización en una zona costera del estado de Guerrero, al sur de México. Métodos: Se realizaron 12 recorridos con tres observadores en un vehículo a una velocidad de 30 km/h durante un año (junio de 2021 a mayo de 2022). Los organismos fueron georreferenciados e identificados. Se calculó la tasa de atropellamiento (atropellos/día/kilómetro) de los vertebrados silvestres. Resultados: Se registraron 37 especies de vertebrados silvestres atropellados, de las cuales nueve están en peligro de extinción y siete son endémicas de México. Los mamíferos presentaron la tasa de mortalidad más elevada (0.126 animales atropellados/día/km). No hubo diferencias en la tasa de mortalidad entre temporadas. Se detectaron 11 puntos calientes (hotspots) de atropellos. Se identificaron más vertebrados silvestres atropellados en zonas de baja urbanización que en áreas de media y alta. Conclusión: Nuestros resultados mostraron que los mamíferos son los vertebrados silvestres más vulnerables a los atropellamientos vehiculares. El riesgo de atropellamientos de animales silvestres está relacionado con el nivel de urbanización. Este estudio puede ser una herramienta en el desarrollo de carreteras sustentables para la fauna silvestre.

Abstract Introduction: Communication is part of economic and social development around the globe. The development of roads causes the fragmentation of natural ecosystems, increasing the mortality risk of wild animals due to vehicle collisions. Objective: To analyze the mortality rate of wild vertebrates run over according to the climatic season and the urbanization degree in the coastal area of the Guerrero state, in Southern Mexico. Methods: 12 trips with three observers using a vehicle at a speed of 30 km/h were conducted during one year (June 2021 to May 2022). The organisms were geo-referenced and identified. The roadkill rate (roadkill/day/km) was calculated for the wild vertebrates. Results: In total, 37 species of ran over wild vertebrates were registered, of which nine are considered endangered and seven are endemic of Mexico. Mammals had the highest mortality rate (0.126 roadkill/day/km). No differences were found in the mortality rate among rainy and dry seasons; 11 roadkill hotspots were detected. More incidences of roadkill were identified in low urbanization zones than medium and high urbanization areas. Conclusions: Our results showed that mammals are the most vulnerable wild vertebrates to vehicle collisions. The roadkill risk of wild animals is related to the urbanization level. This study can be a tool in the development of sustainable roads for wildlife.

Abstract 26. Echinococcus vogeli originates neotropical polychistic echinococcosis, an emerging zoonotic disease in tropical countries of Central and South America. Its life cycle is adapted to a mandatory relationship between the bush dog (Speothos venaticus) and one of its main prey, the paca (Cuniculus paca), which is, in turn, one of the most consumed species as a source of animal protein in the Peruvian Amazon. The aim of this work was to evaluate the frequency of E. vogeli in pacas hunted for personal consumption by inhabitants in the high basin of the Itaya River. During 2016-2017, subsistence hunters from the communities of Melitón Carbajal, Luz del Oriente, 28 de Enero and Nueva Villa Belén collected liver and lungs of 36 pacas and the liver of a nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus). These organs were analyzed by parasitological, including macroscopic, microscopic-morphometric analysis. The 13.5% (5/37) of the wild mammals collected (paca n=4; nine-banded armadillo n=1) presented polycystic masses in the liver, with rostral hooks of protocystic scolices compatible with E. vogeli. This work contributes to the ecoepidemiological knowledge of new records on the distribution of E. vogeli and confirms the first record of E. vogeli in the nine-banded armadillo in the Peruvian Amazon, reinforcing the need to raise awareness, prevent, monitor, control and expand the search for neotropical echinococcosis and other zoonoses in wildlife and human populations in coexistence, from the “One Health” approach.

Resumen 22. Echinococcus vogeli origina la Equinococosis Neotropical Poliquística, enfermedad zoonótica emergente en países tropicales de Centro y Sur América. Su ciclo natural está adaptado a una relación predador-presa representado principalmente por el perro de monte (Speothos venaticus) y el majaz (Cuniculus paca), que es una de las especies silvestres más consumidas en la Amazonia. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la frecuencia de E. vogeli en majaces cazados para consumo personal por pobladores de la cuenca alta del Río Itaya, en la Amazonía peruana. Durante el periodo 2016-2017, cazadores de subsistencia de las comunidades de Melitón Carbajal, Luz del Oriente, 28 de Enero y Nueva Villa Belén realizaron la colecta de hígados y pulmones de 36 majaces y el hígado de un armadillo de nueve bandas, (Dasypus novemcinctus). Se realizaron análisis parasitológicos, que incluyó descripciones macroscópicas, microscópicas y morfometría. El 13,5% (5/37) de los mamíferos silvestres colectados (majaz n=4; armadillo de nueve bandas n=1) presentaron masas poliquísticas en hígado, con ganchos rostelares de protoescólices compatibles con E. vogeli. Este trabajo aporta al conocimiento ecoepidemiológico de nuevos registros sobre la distribución de E. vogeli y confirma el primer registro de E. vogeli en armadillo de nueve bandas en la Amazonia peruana, reforzando la necesidad de concientizar, prevenir, monitorear, controlar y ampliar la búsqueda de la equinococosis neotropical y otras zoonosis en fauna silvestre y en poblaciones humanas en coexistencia, desde el enfoque de “Una Salud”.

Abstract The study was carried out in the Pykasu indigenous community located in the Paraguayan Chaco, specifically in the Department of Boquerón, with the objective of studying the water sources present. It was a qualitative ethnographic research with a quantitative component. The design was non-experimental and descriptive. The population of Pykasu had a total of approximately 584 people as of 2022. However, the sample corresponded to a non-probabilistic sampling of voluntary subjects where 6 people were selected taking into account gender, knowledge of the subject, and their work in promoting indigenous traditional knowledge. Data collection techniques included semi-structured interviews, direct and ethnographic observation, and the study of the aguada, with analysis of satellite images and mapping. The study was able to establish the meaning of "aguada" ─ watering hole ─ for community members, identify the Marité aguada, and describe it in terms of fauna and flora species. It was found that the Ñandeva people promote their culturally important sites and stories from generation to generation, favoring the continuity of their traditional knowledge. Current uses of the Marité watering hole are reduced compared to past times and are limited to livestock hydration and occasional hunting. The community is concerned about the increasing intensity and prolongation of droughts and the eventual disappearance of the aguadas, which are necessary for the hydration of wild animals and for maintaining the subsistence hunting.

Resumen El estudio se realizó en la comunidad indígena Pykasu ubicada en el Chaco paraguayo, específicamente en el Departamento de Boquerón, con el objetivo de estudiar las aguadas presentes. Se trató de una investigación etnográfica cualitativa con un componente cuantitativo. El diseño fue no experimental y descriptivo. La población de Pykasu contaba con un total aproximado de 584 personas al año 2022. No obstante, la muestra correspondió a un muestreo no probabilístico de sujetos voluntarios donde fueron seleccionadas 6 personas teniendo en cuenta el género, el conocimiento del tema y su labor en la promoción del conocimiento tradicional indígena. Las técnicas de recolección de datos incluyeron entrevistas semiestructuradas, observación directa y etnográfica in situ, y el estudio de la aguada con análisis de imágenes satelitales y elaboración de mapas. El estudio logró establecer un significado de “aguada” para los miembros de la comunidad, identificar la aguada Marité y describir la misma en cuanto a especies de fauna y flora; se encontró que el pueblo Ñandeva promociona sus sitios y relatos culturalmente importantes de generación en generación, favoreciendo la continuidad de sus conocimientos tradicionales. Los usos actuales de la aguada Marité son reducidos en comparación a tiempos pasados, y se limitan a la hidratación del ganado y a la cacería ocasional. La comunidad muestra preocupación por el aumento de la intensidad y prolongación de las sequías y la final desaparición de las aguadas, ya que estas son necesarias para que los animales silvestres se hidraten y para mantener la cacería de subsistencia.

ABSTRACT: Ticks primarily affect livestock and have the potential to transmit disease. The objective of the research was to record the georeferencing, distribution and identification of the species present in three Protected Natural Areas (ANP) that are part of the Biosphere Reserve of Northwest Peru (RBNO). The collection was carried out in five representative places of each ANP, due to the difficulty of finding fauna within the ANP, a convenience sampling was used for animals, and a random sampling was used for plants, using transects through the places where domestic animals’ transit. and wild and ranchers. The collected specimens were labeled to have distribution and identification in each of the sampled places. Dale's keys were used for genus level identification and Álvarez's keys were used for preliminary identification of species. Four specimens were collected in the Cerros de Amotape National Park, 55 in the Angolo Hunting Reserve and 271 in the Tumbes National Reserve. Seven species were recorded: Amblyoma cajennense, A. dissimile, A. maculatum and A. testudinis; Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus and R. sanguineus and an unidentified species of the genus Haemaphysalis.

RESUMEN: Las garrapatas afectan principalmente al ganado y tienen el potencial de transmitir enfermedades. El objetivo de la investigación fue registrar la georreferenciación, distribución e identificación de las especies presentes en tres Áreas Naturales Protegidas (ANP) que son parte de la Reserva de Biosfera del Noroeste del Perú (RBNO). La recolecta se realizó en cinco lugares representativos de cada ANP, por la dificultad de encontrar fauna dentro de las ANP, para animales se utilizó un muestreo a conveniencia, en plantas se utilizó un muestreo aleatorio, empleando transeptos por los lugares donde transitan los animales domésticos y silvestres y ganaderos. Los ejemplares recolectados se etiquetaron con la finalidad de contar con la distribución e identificación en cada uno de los lugares muestreados. Para la identificación a nivel de género se utilizaron las claves de Dale y para la identificación preliminar de especies se utilizaron las de Álvarez. En el Parque Nacional Cerros de Amotape se recolectaron cuatro ejemplares, en el Coto de Caza el Angolo 55 y en la Reserva Nacional de Tumbes, 271. Se registraron siete especies: Amblyoma cajennense, A. dissimile, A. maculatum y A. testudinis; Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus y R. sanguineus y una especie no identificada del género Haemaphysalis.

ABSTRACT Cerdocyon thous is considered the most common wild canid in Rio Grande do Sul, and can serve as a host for several parasites, playing an important role in maintaining the biological cycle. Despite being a widespread and abundant species, they have a relatively little-known fauna of endo and ectoparasites, mainly focusing on the different regions of their occurrence. With this work, the objective was to report the multiparasitism in a specimen of C. thous in the Brazilian Pampa. Using modified Centrifuge-Flotation and Spontaneous Sedimentation techniques, a high taxonomic diversity of parasites was observed, and the finding of eggs compatible with Lagochilascaris spp. in C. thous in Brazil, in addition to Uncinaria spp. eggs and Cystoisospora spp. oocysts in the same host in the south of the country. The presence of eggs of different helminths in the feces of C. thous is extremely important, mainly for public health, but also for the knowledge of the biodiversity of parasites present in wild populations of canids, until then little studied, thus allowing the implementation of control programs. Sul cycle species littleknown known ectoparasites occurrence work C Pampa CentrifugeFlotation Centrifuge Flotation techniques observed spp Brazil country health canids studied programs

RESUMO Cerdocyon thous é considerado o canídeo silvestre mais comum no Rio Grande do Sul e pode servir como hospedeiro de diversos parasitos, desempenhando papel importante na manutenção do ciclo biológico. Mesmo sendo uma espécie difundida e abundante, têm uma fauna de endo e ectoparasitos relativamente pouco conhecida, principalmente enfocando as diferentes regiões de sua ocorrência. Com este trabalho, objetivou-se relatar o multiparasitismo em um espécime de C. thous no Pampa brasileiro. Por meio das técnicas de centrifugo-flutuação modificada e sedimentação espontânea, observou-se uma alta diversidade taxonômica de parasitos, sendo relatado, pela primeira vez, o achado de ovos compatíveis com Lagochilascaris spp. em C. thous no Brasil, além de ovos de Uncinaria spp. e oocistos de Cystoisospora spp. no mesmo hospedeiro, no sul do país. A presença de ovos de diferentes helmintos nas fezes de C. thous é de extrema importância, principalmente na saúde pública, mas também para o conhecimento da biodiversidade de parasitos presentes em populações silvestres de canídeos, até então pouco estudados, permitindo, assim, a implementação de programas de controle. biológico abundante conhecida ocorrência trabalho objetivouse objetivou se C brasileiro centrifugoflutuação centrifugo flutuação espontânea observouse observou relatado vez spp Brasil país importância pública canídeos estudados permitindo assim controle

Abstract The construction of highways is responsible for access to previously protected areas, resulting in changes in landscape and dynamics of the animal populations that live in these areas. These enterprises are the major responsible for the mortality of wild animals, surpassing hunting and even the trafficking of animals. The objective of this study was to make a list that reflects the diversity of amphibians and reptile’s road-killed along the BR-040, a highway that crosses the threaten lowland Atlantic Forest in Southeastern region of Brazil, including the use of microhabitats, lifestyle, activity pattern, reproductive cycles, and possible rare or endangered species. The study area consists of 180,4 km of highways. Monitoring began in 2006 and continues to the present day. A total of 1,410 individuals from 60 species were recorded in this study. The reptiles were more frequent in number of individuals and species. The commonest species recorded were Crotalus durissus and Dipsas mikanii. We have registered a single endangered species: Ranacephala hogei. The highest rates of road-kill were recorded during the wet season. Road-kills of fauna is a major threat to species, studies are of great importance to define plans that seek to mitigate the effects generated by these enterprises. areas animals reptile s roadkilled road killed BR040, BR040 BR 040, 040 BR-040 Brazil microhabitats lifestyle pattern cycles 1804 180 4 180, 200 day 1410 1 410 1,41 6 mikanii hogei roadkill kill season Roadkills Road kills BR04 04 BR-04 18 20 141 41 1,4 BR0 0 BR-0 2 14 1, BR-

Resumo A construção de rodovias é responsável pelo acesso a áreas anteriormente protegidas, resultando em alterações na paisagem e na dinâmica das populações animais que vivem nessas áreas. Esses empreendimentos são os maiores responsáveis pela mortalidade de animais silvestres, superando a caça e até mesmo o tráfico de animais. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma lista que reflita a diversidade de anfíbios e répteis atropelados ao longo da BR-040, uma rodovia que atravessa a ameaçada Mata Atlântica na região Sudeste do Brasil, incluindo o uso de microhabitats, estilo de vida, padrão de atividade, ciclos reprodutivos, e possíveis espécies raras ou ameaçadas. A área de estudo é constituída por 180,4 km de rodovias. O monitoramento começou em 2006 e segue até os dias atuais. Ao todo 1.410 indivíduos de 60 espécies foram registrados nesse estudo. Os répteis foram mais frequentes, em número de indivíduos e espécies. As espécies mais comumente registradas foram Crotalus durissus e Dipsas mikanii. Registramos uma espécie ameaçada de extinção: Ranacephala hogei. A maior taxa de atropelamento foi registrada durante a estação chuvosa. O atropelamento de fauna é uma grande ameaça as espécies, sendo de grande importância estudos para definição de planos que busquem mitigar os efeitos gerados por esses empreendimentos. protegidas silvestres BR040, BR040 BR 040, 040 BR-040 Brasil microhabitats vida atividade reprodutivos ameaçadas 1804 180 4 180, 200 atuais 1410 1 410 1.41 6 frequentes mikanii extinção hogei chuvosa BR04 04 BR-04 18 20 141 41 1.4 BR0 0 BR-0 2 14 1. BR-

ABSTRACT: The present study aimed to analyze the casuistry of xenarthrans treated at the veterinary hospital of the Federal University of Pará to quantify the most important cases for clinical care and identify the main species, sex, age group, origin, and destination of the animals admitted. The data were collected from January 2013 to August 2020. The variables analyzed were the number of animals by species, sex, age group, weight (kilograms), form of admission (rescue or guardianship), person responsible for the admission of the animal, origin, circumstances of admission, length of stay (days), and evolution or destination of the animal (release, captivity, death, euthanasia, or escape). Fisher’s exact test was used to determine whether disease incidence was related to sex and whether animal mortality was influenced by sex and disease. The chi-square test was used to determine whether mortality differed by age group. Ninety-two (92) xenarthrans were included: 66 Bradypus variegatus, 10 Choloepus didactylus, 15 Tamandua tetradactyla, and one Dasypus novemcinctus. The animals were mainly from the municipality of Castanhal (70%) and were acquired through rescue (88%, B. variegatus; 80%, C. didactylus; 100%, T. tetradactyla), a significant proportion of which was per natural persons (88%, B. variegatus; 80%, C. didactylus; 100%, T. tetradactyla). The most important circumstances that led to the admission of the animals were as follows: animals for examination (42%, n=39), young animals at risk (9%, n=8), hit by a vehicle (8%, n=7), respiratory disease (7%, n=6), fall from a tree (5%, n=5), and electrotrauma (5%, n=5). Release was the most common destination of animals after hospitalization (59% B. variegatus, 50% C. didactylus, and 66% T. tetradactyla). The sex of the animals did not affect the incidence of disease or mortality in any species. In contrast, mortality of B. variegatus was significantly higher in animals admitted with disease (p=0.000). Mortality in cubs of this species was higher than that in juveniles and adults (p=0.003). ABSTRACT group origin 201 2020 kilograms, kilograms , (kilograms) guardianship, guardianship guardianship) days, days (days) release, release (release captivity death euthanasia escape. escape . escape) Fishers Fisher s chisquare chi square Ninetytwo Ninety two 92 (92 included 6 1 didactylus tetradactyla novemcinctus 70% 70 (70% 88%, 88 (88% B 80 80% C 100 100% T tetradactyla) tetradactyla. follows 42%, 42 (42% n=39, n39 n n=39 39 n=39) 9%, 9 (9% n=8, n8 n=8 8 n=8) 8%, (8% n=7, n7 n=7 7 n=7) 7%, (7% n=6, n6 n=6 n=6) 5%, 5 (5% n=5, n5 n=5 n=5) n=5. 59% 59 (59 50 contrast p=0.000. p0000 p p=0.000 0 000 (p=0.000) p=0.003. p0003 p=0.003 003 (p=0.003) 20 202 (kilograms (days (9 (70 88% (88 42% 4 (42 n3 n=3 3 9% n= 8% (8 7% (7 5% (5 p000 p=0.00 00 (p=0.000 (p=0.003 2 ( (4 p00 p=0.0 (p=0.00 p0 p=0. (p=0.0 p=0 (p=0. p= (p=0 (p= (p

RESUMO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a casuística dos Xenarthras atendidos no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), a fim de quantificar as principais ocorrências para atendimento clínico, identificar as principais espécies, o sexo, a faixa etária, a procedência e destinação dos animais recebidos. Os dados foram obtidos entre janeiro de 2013 a agosto de 2020. As variáveis analisadas foram número de animais por espécie, sexo, faixa etária, peso (quilogramas), forma de recebimento (resgate, tutela), responsável pelo encaminhamento do animal ao hospital, procedência, circunstância de admissão, tempo de internação (dias) e evolução ou destinação do animal recebido (soltura, cativeiro, morte, eutanásia, fuga). O teste de Fisher foi utilizado para avaliar se a ocorrência de doenças estava relacionada ao sexo, bem como se a mortalidade animal foi influenciada pelo sexo e por enfermidades. O teste Qui-quadrado foi utilizado para avaliar se a mortalidade diferiu em relação à faixa etária. Um total de 92 animais Xenarthras foi admitido, composto por 66 Bradypus variegatus, 10 Choloepus didactylus, 15 Tamandua tetradactyla e um Dasypus novemcinctus. Os animais foram procedentes principalmente do município de Castanhal (70%), sendo o resgate a principal forma de aquisição dos animais (88%, B. Variegatus; 80%, C. Didactylus; 100%, T. tetradactyla), realizado em maior parte por pessoa física (88%, B. Variegatus; 80%, C. Didactylus; 100%, T. tetradactyla). O sexo dos animais não influenciou a ocorrência de doenças ou mortalidade em nenhuma espécie. Por outro lado, a mortalidade de B. variegatus foi significativamente maior naqueles animais admitidos com alguma enfermidade (p=0,000). A mortalidade em filhotes desta espécie foi maior quando comparada com as categorias jovem e adulta (p=0,003). RESUMO UFPA, UFPA , (UFPA) clínico espécies etária recebidos 201 2020 quilogramas, quilogramas (quilogramas) resgate, (resgate tutela, tutela tutela) hospital admissão dias (dias soltura, soltura (soltura cativeiro morte eutanásia fuga. fuga . fuga) enfermidades Quiquadrado Qui quadrado 9 admitido 6 1 didactylus novemcinctus 70%, 70 70% (70%) 88%, 88 (88% B Variegatus 80 80% C Didactylus 100 100% T tetradactyla, tetradactyla) tetradactyla. lado p=0,000. p0000 p p=0,000 0 000 (p=0,000) p=0,003. p0003 p=0,003 003 (p=0,003) (UFPA 20 202 (quilogramas 7 (70% 88% 8 (88 p000 p=0,00 00 (p=0,000 (p=0,003 2 (70 (8 p00 p=0,0 (p=0,00 (7 ( p0 p=0, (p=0,0 p=0 (p=0, p= (p=0 (p= (p

Abstract Domestic cats and dogs are the most beloved human pets. As a result, they have become globally invasive species and are the most abundant carnivores in the world. Although they have a good relationship with humans, domestic cats and dogs have a negative ecological impact with significant consequences for conservation policies worldwide. The effects of these animals on wildlife have been studied only in a few countries, with most studies carried out in countries or regions with low vertebrate biodiversity (USA, New Zealand, and Europe). Except for a few studies carried out in Australia, Brazil and Mexico, we have no information on the effects of these predators in megadiverse countries. The main negative environmental effects of both species include predation of vertebrates and invertebrates, competition for food and space with native fauna, hybridization with phylogenetically close species or wild populations of their species, and transmission of diseases to wildlife and humans. The lack of information on the effects that introduced predators have at continental scales and the false perception of the human population that cats and dogs do not adverse impacts on the environment difficult their management and control. It is crucial to increase the number of studies of these two species in megadiverse countries to propose adequate management strategies that promote the conservation of native fauna.

Resumen Los gatos y perros domésticos son las mascotas preferidas del hombre, por lo que se han convertido en especies invasoras y los carnívoros más abundantes del planeta. A pesar de su buena relación con nuestra especie, tienen un impacto ecológico negativo con consecuencias para las políticas de conservación. Los efectos que estos animales tienen sobre la fauna silvestre han sido estudiados principalmente en países con baja biodiversidad de vertebrados (EUA, Nueva Zelanda y Europa), y salvo por algunos trabajos realizados en Australia, Brasil, y México, no contamos con información sobre sus efectos en países con alta biodiversidad. Los efectos negativos que ambas especies tienen sobre la biodiversidad incluyen la depredación y competencia con fauna nativa, su hibridación con especies filogenéticamente cercanas o poblaciones silvestres de su propia especie, y la transmisión de enfermedades a la fauna silvestre y a los humanos. La falta de información sobre los efectos de depredadores introducidos a nivel continental y la falsa idea de que los gatos y perros son ambientalmente inocuos, vuelve crucial aumentar la investigación sobre estas especies en países megadiversos para proponer estrategias de manejo que fomenten la conservación de fauna nativa.

RESUMO Grupos de artrópodes terrestres, incluindo insetos, aranhas e milípedes, representam um importante recurso alimentar para muitos primatas. Porém, espécies consumidas e padrões de consumo de artrópodes ainda são pouco conhecidos para a maioria dos primatas frugívoros. Nós examinamos o conteúdo estomacal de 178 espécimes de primatas amazônicos, de nove gêneros e três famílias, provenientes de coletas de base comunitária, doados voluntariamente por caçadores de subsistência. Com base em nossos resultados, avaliamos se os padrões de consumo seguem a relação negativa esperada em relação ao tamanho corporal, conforme postulado nos modelos de Jarman-Bell e Kay. Identificamos 12 taxa de artrópodes consumidos, incluindo insetos (besouros, gafanhotos, formigas, moscas, lagartas, louva-a-deuses, entre outros), aranhas e milípedes. Primatas de médio e grande porte consumiram maior diversidade (medida pelo índice de diversidade de Simpson) e riqueza de artrópodes, mas difeririam na composição dos taxa consumidos. Cacajao, Sapajus e Cebus consumiram proporcionalmente mais Orthoptera e Coleoptera que os outros gêneros analizados. Não encontramos correlações significativas entre riqueza ou diversidade de artrópodes consumidos e a massa corporal dos primatas. Houve uma leve tendência de diminuição no conteúdo relativo de artrópodes na dieta com o aumento da massa corporal de primatas médios e grandes, o que não fornece suporte completo para os modelos de Jarman-Bell e de Kay. O estudo do consumo de artrópodes por primatas arborícolas na natureza continua sendo desafiador. Nosso estudo sugere que os artrópodes fornecem nutrientes essenciais para primatas frugívoros, e apresenta um método alternativo para estudar padrões de consumo de fauna por primatas.

ABSTRACT Terrestrial arthropod groups, including insects, spiders, and millipedes, represent an important food resource for primates. However, species consumed and patterns and rates of arthropod-related feeding for most frugivorous primates are still poorly known. We examined stomach contents of 178 Amazonian primate specimens of nine genera and three families obtained from community-based collections voluntarily donated by subsistence hunters. Based on our results, we assessed whether consumption patterns followed the expected negative relationship between arthropod ingestion and body size as postulated in the Jarman-Bell and Kay models. We identified 12 consumed arthropod taxa, including insects (beetles, grasshoppers, ants, flies, caterpillars, praying mantises, and others), spiders and millipedes. Medium and large-bodied primates consumed a greater diversity (measured by Simpson’s diversity index) and richness of arthropods, but differed in terms of composition of taxa consumed. Cacajao, Sapajus and Cebus consumed proportionally more Orthoptera and Coleoptera compared to the other primate genera analyzed. We did not find significant correlations between richness and diversity of arthropods consumed and primate body mass. There was a slight tendency for the decrease in the relative content of arthropods in the diet with increased body mass in medium and large primates, which does not provide full support for the Jarman-Bell and Kay models. The study of arthropod consumption by arboreal primates in the wild remains challenging. Our study suggests that arthropods supply essential nutrients for frugivorous primates, and provides an alternative method to analyse faunal consumption patterns in primates.

Resumo A Indonésia possui flora e fauna diversificadas e muitas espécies permanecem em grande parte desconhecidas. A documentação e a identificação de espécies ornamentais nativas ameaçadas são cada vez mais difíceis devido à exploração contínua e à conversão de terras. O Monte Prau é um dos destinos turísticos populares de Java Central, na Indonésia. Compreender a biodiversidade vegetal tem um enorme valor para a economia, ecologia, cultura, ciência e recreação. Nosso estudo tem como objetivo registrar a diversidade e identificar as espécies de plantas com flores em seu habitat nativo no Monte Prau, Java Central, Indonésia. Nossos levantamentos de campo demonstraram que o Monte Prau possui abundantes plantas ornamentais silvestres com enorme diversidade de taxa, hábitos de crescimento e formas. Um total de 103 espécies representando 51 famílias e 95 gêneros são identificados, incluindo árvores, arbustos, ervas e cipós. Também foi identificado que dentre as espécies encontradas no Monte Prau, 24 destas espécies possuem caracteres morfológicos adequados para serem cultivadas como flores ornamentais e 12 como folhagens ornamentais. Neste artigo, é apresentado o estado de conservação atual das espécies de plantas identificadas e recomendações sobre sua conservação. Este estudo fornece dados de referência de espécies encontradas nas áreas do Monte Prau, e essas informações podem ser úteis para esforços e iniciativas de conservação adicionais.

Abstract Indonesia has diverse flora and fauna, and many species remain largely undiscovered. Documentation and identification of threatened wild ornamental species are increasingly difficult due to ongoing exploitation and land conversion. Mount Prau is one of the popular destinations in Central Java, Indonesia for tourism. Understanding plant biodiversity has enormous value for the economy, ecology, culture, science, and recreation. Our study is aimed to record the diversity and identify the flowering plant species in their native habitat at Mount Prau, Central Java, Indonesia. Our field surveys demonstrated that Mount Prau has abundant wild ornamental plants with wide diversity of taxa, growth habits, and forms. A total of 103 species representing 51 families and 95 genera are identified including trees, shrubs, herbs, and lianas. We also found that among the plant species found in Mount Prau, 24 have morphological characters suitable to be cultivated as ornamental flowers, and 12 as ornamental foliages, and 63 species are medicinal plants. The ornamental criteria of these species were based on the literature describing the morphological and unique characters of leaves and flowers that made them potential to be developed as ornamental plants. In this paper we have provided the current conservation status of the plant species identified and recommendations on their conservation. This study provides baseline data of species found in the Mount Prau areas, and this information could be helpful for further conservations efforts and initiatives.