Résumé Cet article vise à comprendre la réception du fascisme par les intellectuels liés à la droite catholique dans les années 1930, en mettant l’accent sur les débats menés dans la revue « A Ordem ». Nous cherchons à montrer comment - dans une analyse contextuelle de la pensée politique qui part de la nécessité de comprendre comment les idées circulent et sont appropriées et contre quels problèmes historiques elles sont mobilisées - les frontières idéationnelles entre conservatisme, réactionnisme, traditionalisme catholique et fascisme sont très ténues. L’accent ici est donc mis sur le répertoire sémantique mobilisé par les acteurs. En fin de compte, l’article vise à comprendre les affinités entre ces langages politiques pour produire une théorisation de la pensée réactionnaire de manière plus large, qui ne tienne pas seulement compte de ses manifestations paradigmatiques du Nord, mais qui soit capable de penser la critique des droites à la démocratie à partir de l’expérience de réception et de circulation de ces langages politiques dans le Sud global. 1930 laccent l accent » conservatisme réactionnisme ténues Laccent L acteurs larticle large Nord lexpérience expérience global 193 19 1

Abstract The purpose of this article is to understand the reception of fascism among intellectuals linked to the Catholic right in the 1930s, with emphasis on the debates held in the magazine A Ordem. We intend to show how – in a contextual analysis of political thought that starts from the need to understand how ideas circulate and are appropriated and against which historical problems they are mobilized – the ideational boundaries between conservatism, reactionaryism, Catholic traditionalism and fascism are very subtle. The emphasis here, therefore, is on the semantic repertoire that the actors mobilize. In the end, the article intends to understand the affinities between these political languages to produce a theorization of reactionary thought in a broader way, which does not only take into account its paradigmatic manifestations of the North, but which is capable of thinking about the right-wing critique of democracy from the experience of reception and circulation of these political languages in the global South. 1930s s Ordem conservatism reactionaryism subtle here therefore mobilize end way North rightwing wing South

Resumen Este artículo tiene como objetivo comprender la recepción del fascismo entre los intelectuales vinculados a la derecha católica en la década de 1930, con énfasis en los debates realizados en la revista A Ordem. Buscamos mostrar cómo – en un análisis contextual del pensamiento político que parte de la necesidad de comprender cómo circulan y se apropian las ideas y contra qué problemas históricos se movilizan – las fronteras ideacionales entre conservadurismo, pensamento reaccionario, tradicionalismo católico y fascismo son muy tenues. El énfasis aquí, por lo tanto, está en el repertorio semántico movilizado por los actores. Al final, el artículo se propone comprender las afinidades entre estos lenguajes políticos para producir una teorización del pensamiento reaccionario de manera más amplia, que no solo tenga en cuenta sus manifestaciones paradigmáticas del Norte, sino que sea capaz de pensar la crítica derechista de la democracia desde la experiencia de recepción y circulación de estos lenguajes políticos en el Sur global. 1930 Ordem conservadurismo tenues aquí tanto actores final amplia Norte global 193 19 1

Resumo Este artigo tem como objetivo compreender a recepção do fascismo entre os intelectuais ligados à direita católica nos anos 1930, com ênfase nos debates travados na revista A Ordem. Procuramos mostrar como – em uma análise contextual do pensamento político que parte da necessidade de entender como as ideias circulam e são apropriadas e contra que problemas históricos elas são mobilizadas – as fronteiras ideacionais entre conservadorismo, reacionarismo, tradicionalismo católico e fascismo são muito tênues. A ênfase aqui, portanto, é no repertório semântico mobilizado pelos atores. Ao fim, o artigo pretende compreender as afinidades entre essas linguagens políticas para produzir uma teorização do pensamento reacionário de modo mais amplo, que não leve em conta apenas as suas manifestações paradigmáticas do Norte, mas que seja capaz de pensar a crítica das direitas à democracia a partir da experiência de recepção e circulação dessas linguagens políticas no Sul global. 1930 Ordem conservadorismo reacionarismo tênues aqui portanto atores fim amplo Norte global 193 19 1

SIGNIFICANCE: Surfacing the connections between science engagement, engaged science, and sustainability sciences, we urge a re-evaluation of sustainability science's beneficiaries and goals, by advocating a transdisciplinary approach to address sustainability challenges, based on a relational ontology. Thinking with posthumanist, feminist new materialist and Black feminist theories, we consider the importance of multispecies attention and empathy in scientific research. We propose a concept of evolving new perceptual organs in humans to enhance collective responsiveness, inspired by the lateral line organ in fish and their collaborative intelligence for navigating contemporary social and ecological crises and injustices in 'hot messes'.

Collaboration between different disciplines, sectors and society is essential to tackle contemporary sustainability problems. This paper integrates learnings and reflections from a series of workshops and interviews conducted in the Berg-Breede landscape that explored the challenges and enablers to long-term, researcher-practitioner partnerships. We found several, often entrenched and systemic, challenges to working collectively and equitably within complex landscape spaces. From conversations on solutions to these hurdles, we distilled out four key enablers of enduring collaboration, drawing on critical moments of learning and understanding and thinking about how the benefits and values of collaboration can be leveraged and amplified. Our work illuminates how supporting enduring collaborations can help bridge the research-implementation gap to facilitate more equitable and resilient multi-functional landscapes. SIGNIFICANCE: While sustainable and equitable management of landscapes can be improved through intentional efforts to build collaborative partnerships between researchers and practitioners, the longevity and endurance of these partnerships rely on several features, including shifts in the way researchers design and undertake their research, in the values and benefits that collaboration can deliver, and in how research findings are articulated and shared. Third spaces can play an important role in achieving these shifts and enhancing collaboration.

Inter- and transdisciplinary curricula can potentially develop an integrated understanding of an increasingly interconnected, complex world and develop students' agency, empathy, creativity and critical thinking skills. Within the South African qualification landscape, the Postgraduate Diploma (PGDip) is identified as a multi-or interdisciplinary qualification that allows working professionals 'to undertake advanced reflection and development by means of a systematic survey of current thinking, practice and research methods in an area of specialisation'. In this paper, four academics reflexively share their experiences of (re)developing and piloting transdisciplinary curricula for the PGDip in Sustainable Development (at Stellenbosch University) and the PGDip in Sustainability Learning (at Rhodes University). Reflections centre around the rationale, context and emergence of the two programmes, their structure and intended learning outcomes, and principles guiding the overall curriculum design. We highlight the appropriateness of transdisciplinary approaches to curricula focused on the sustainability field, and it distils three broad features of the two PGDip programmes that seem important - even necessary - for developing students' competencies as sustainability practitioners. These are ontological groundedness, epistemological openness and ethical attentiveness. SIGNIFICANCE: This paper provides a rationale for pursuing transdisciplinary curricula that are oriented to sustainability. It shares reflections from two postgraduate diploma curriculum design processes and provides summative insights into broad features of transdisciplinary curriculum design that may enhance sustainability transitions. These features may help to guide other university curriculum developers wanting to design similar programmes to support sustainability transitions.

This paper explores the progression of second-order concepts in seven purposively sampled South African CAPS-compliant history textbooks. History knowledge encompasses both the substantive and procedural knowledge types, with second-order concepts forming an integral component of the latter. Textbook writers and educators use this knowledge in their domains without a predetermined trajectory. These concepts are not mere skills but fundamental notions guiding historical practice. Their meaningful integration into learning materials forms a necessary toolkit for historical inquiry. Drawing from a broader PhD study,1 a Bernsteinian (1990) framework and the 'big six' concepts articulated by Seixas and Peck (2004) are used to analyse the content of seven chapters, one per book, telling the story of the history of South Africa across grades three to nine in the foundation, intermediate, and senior phases of the South African school curriculum. A continuum was populated, articulating the strengths of the second-order concepts ranging from a powerful presence to those weakly incorporated. The findings indicate a sporadic presence of the six concepts-historical significance, continuity and change, cause and consequence, historical perspectives, and the moral dimension across the textbooks. There is a more inclusive focus in the senior grades and less so in lower grades. The concepts also lack continuous and cumulative development. If these 'structural' historical concepts provide the basis for historical thinking, it is unclear how they advance through the grades with increasing levels of complexity. The methodology of history is thus not a universal or one-size-fits-all endeavour but an iterative process inculcating concepts that are nuanced and inherently abstract.

Resumen: La filosofía de Enrique Dussel no puede entenderse sin la incorporación de conceptos extraídos de la narrativa semita, lo que llamaremos, parafraseando al propio Dussel, metáforas teológicas. Nuestro autor advierte que con tales conceptos es posible hacer una filosofía explícita, no una teología, recuperando la vitalidad del simbolismo del núcleo ético-mítico de las tradiciones populares. Eso le permite desarrollar una filosofía crítica desde la alteridad latinoamericana y de los pueblos del Sur, con lo cual elabora una filosofía original, ajena al colonialismo filosófico, promotora de la descolonización, lo cual le da un carácter disruptivo. Paralelamente, exhibe los límites helenocéntrico y eurocéntrico de la filosofía hegemónica en Occidente. La propia idea de liberación es recuperada de la mitología semita, con lo cual entendió la necesidad de construir un pensamiento incardinado a la realidad social y política de su tiempo, y de asumir el compromiso con los movimientos sociales como parte natural de su pensamiento filosófico.

Abstract: Enrique Dussel's philosophy cannot be understood without the incorporation of concepts extracted from Semitic narrative, what we will call, paraphrasing Dussel himself, theological metaphors. Our author warns that with such concepts it is possible to make an explicit philosophy, not a theology, recovering the vitality of the symbolism of the ethical-mythical core of popular traditions. This allows him to develop a critical philosophy from the Latin American otherness and the peoples of the South, with which he develops an original philosophy, foreign to philosophical colonialism, promoter of decolonization, which gives it a disruptive character. At the same time, it exhibits the Hellenocentric and Eurocentric limits of hegemonic philosophy in the West. The idea of liberation itself is recovered from Semitic mythology, with which he understood the need to build a thought incardinated with the social and political reality of his time, and to assume commitment to social movements as a natural part of his philosophical thinking.

Die Vierde Industriële Revolusie (4IR) het aansienlike vooruitgang in tegnologie meegebring wat verskeie nywerhede, insluitend die spoorwegsektor, beïnvloed het. Hierdie artikel ondersoek die implikasies van die 4IR vir die spoorwegbedryf en identifiseer die noodsaaklike sagte vaardighede wat spoororganisasies nodig het om in hierdie era te floreer. 'n Sistematiese literatuuroorsig (SLR) is uitgevoer om 'n teoretiese grondslag te vestig, gevolg deur 'n opname wat aan professionele persone in die spoorsektor gedoen is om die geïdentifiseerde sagte vaardighede te prioritiseer. Vergelykende metodes is aangewend om die opnamedata te ontleed en om die relatiewe belangrikheid van die 4IR sagte vaardighede te bepaal. Die bevindinge het 'n reeks sleutelsagte vaardighede aan die lig gebring, soos aanpasbaarheid, kritiese denke en veranderingsbestuur, waarin dit van kardinale belang is dat spoorwegpersoneel uitblink in die 4IR-era. Die artikel bespreek die belangrikheid van hierdie sagte vaardighede en hul potensiële impak op spoorwegorganisasies, en verskaf aanbevelings om hul ontwikkeling te bevorder. Hierdie navorsing dra by tot 'n meer genuanseerde begrip van die sagte vaardighede wat nodig is vir die spoorwegsektor se suksesvolle aanpassing by die 4IR.

The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) has brought about significant advancements in technology that have impacted various industries, including the railway sector. This paper explores the implications of the 4IR for the railway industry and identifies the essential soft skills that rail organisations need in order to thrive in this era. A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted to establish a theoretical foundation, followed by a survey administered to professionals in the rail sector to prioritise the identified soft skills. Comparative methods were employed to analyse the survey data and to determine the relative importance of the 4IR soft skills. The findings revealed a range of key soft skills, such as adaptability, critical thinking, and change management, in which it is crucial that railway professionals excel in the 4IR era. The paper discusses the significance of these soft skills and their potential impact on rail organisations, and provides recommendations for fostering their development. This research contributes to a more nuanced understanding of the soft skills that are necessary for the railway sector's successful adaptation to the 4IR.

Cervical margin relocation (CMR) is a technique used to raise the deepest portion of a cavity preparation from a subgingival to a supragingival level. This paper presents an overview of the technique and an analysis of current thinking and practices regarding the use of CMR when carrying out indirect restorations on teeth with deep subgingival margins. Despite promising results, the procedure is still controversial and most studies have been focused on laboratory-based testing of parameters such as bond strength, marginal integrity and fracture behaviour of the restorations. Although long-term clinical survival rates are reportedly high (96%), debate continues regarding the procedure's impact on gingival health. This paper will explore the historical and clinical development of CMR, its indications, advantages and disadvantages, as well as the time and cost implications, and long-term prognosis. While CMR appears to be safe and effective in appropriately selected cases, with meticulous application techniques, further randomised controlled clinical trials are necessary to draw definitive conclusions.

The use of linguistic features in school assessments, as well as the impact of these factors on the outcome of assessments have received limited attention in the literature. With this study I aimed to analyse linguistic features of accounting examinations. A quantitative technique, using tests for correlation, was employed to analyse the Grade 12 National Senior Certificate accounting examinations from 2011 until 2021. Advanced textual analysis software was used to identify connections between specific linguistic features and the marks obtained in these examinations. The findings of this study suggest that increasing the levels of linguistic features associated with analytical thinking, emotional tone and big words, which may be assumed to promote comprehension, may in reality be counterproductive, consequently potentially resulting in poorer marks attained in assessments in the future. The findings of this study are important for the creators of assessment to consider when developing accounting assessment. Given the effect of linguistic features on assessment results as identified in this study, it contributes to the debate on the use of certain linguistic features in assessment.

Conflict is an integral part of school management and its existence must not be shunned as it stimulates creative and innovative ways of thinking which enhance organisational growth and performance. The purpose of the study reported on here was to investigate how education managers executed Thomas and Kilmann's model in managing and resolving conflicts in schools to avert chaos and anarchy with the ultimate intention of enhancing productivity. A constructivist, inductive grounded theory utilising a qualitative approach was employed. Qualitative data were generated using a semi-structured interview protocol from 4 information-rich education managers who were purposively selected. The inclusion criteria for the participants were age, experience, professional qualifications and the sample was determined by theoretical saturation. Data generated were thematically analysed. The study revealed that the conflict management and resolution model used by education managers in schools was contingent to their environment and perception. It also revealed that conflict was innovative and stimulated thought processes. As a result, schools must recruit education managers who are transformative, democratic and equipped with the appropriate strategies for managing and resolving conflict if teachers' morale is to be boosted and productivity enhanced.

Abstract In the Mixtec language or Tu'un Savi the word future does not exist, however, among the people who assume themselves to be part of the People of the Rain or Ñuu Savi; population of indigenous origin in southern Mexico, there is the notion of what will happen after tomorrow / Nchaa ntu Inee or later / Tyi nuu ga. There are also different horizons about the time to come for their indigenous culture, which are configured from the diversity of this ethnic group and the mechanisms of action they devise to give continuity to their customs and traditions. This text reflects on the elements to be taken into account in order to carry out the ethnography of the future of an ethnic identity that is present in the 21stcentury. Based on two cases that arise in communities of the Mixtec region of the state of Oaxaca and with the support of the theoretical notions of the anthropology of the future, the elements that come into play to sustain the validity of the Ñuu Savi culture are presented. Warning that this is not a finished reflection, but rather, it intends to open ways to discuss, from anthropology, the approach of a temporality previously overlooked in the theoretical and methodological device of our discipline.

Resumén En la lengua mixteca o Tu’un Savi la palabra futuro no existe, sin embargo, entre las personas que se asumen parte del Pueblo de la Lluvia o Ñuu Savi; población de origen indígena en el sur de México, existen la noción de lo que pasará después de mañana / Nchaa ntu Inee o más adelante / Tyi nuu ga. Existen también diferentes horizontes en torno al tiempo por venir para su cultura indígena, los cuales se configuran a partir de la diversidad propia de esa etnia y de los mecanismos de acción que trazan para dar continuidad a sus costumbres y tradiciones. En este texto se reflexiona en relación a los elementos a tener en cuenta para hacer la etnografía del futuro de una identidad étnica que está presente en el siglo XXI. A partir de dos casos que se suscitan en comunidades de la región mixteca del estado de Oaxaca y con el apoyo de las nociones teóricas de la antropología del futuro, se exponen los elementos que entran en juego para sostener la vigencia de la cultura Ñuu Savi. Advirtiendo que, esta no es una reflexión terminada, sino más bien, pretende abrir caminos para discutir, desde la antropología, el abordaje de una temporalidad anteriormente soslayada en el dispositivo teórico y metodológico de nuestra disciplina.

The Fourth Industrial Revolution necessitates relevant initiatives to stay abreast. Higher education plays a pivotal role in providing nuanced opportunities for the future workforce and enabling students to address real-world problems in a complex world. Despite new developments, it is not clear how the Fourth Industrial Revolution will influence the educational sector. We followed a systematic review approach with the aim of providing a comprehensive view on crucial strategies and skills for the Fourth Industrial Revolution. We applied the processes of Evidence for Policy and Practice Information and Co-ordinating Centre as a guideline for conducting the systematic review and retrieved relevant articles published from 2017 to 2021. The results highlight that critical thinking is the most emphasised skill and student-centred teaching-learning strategies are essential for the Fourth Industrial Revolution and future demands. Implications for self-directed learning were also outlined.

Learning design at tertiary level is a challenging and complex task with many aspects to take into consideration (Bennett, Lockyer, Agostinho 2018; Bower and Vlachopoulos 2018, 975; Bates, 2019). Learning design is identified as a core aspect of a tertiary educator's role, but often, little guidance is given to educators on this topic. Changes in the higher education landscape also bring about questions about ideal learning design. With changing times that require institutions to introduce other models like blended and online learning, more pedagogical guidance might be necessary to advise lecturers on best practices in terms of module design (Kebritchi, Lipschuetz, and Santiague 2017). To aid learning design thinking and to make the pedagogic structure of the design apparent, Laurillard and Ljubojevic (2011) and others have suggested the use of a learning design tool or aid. A learning design tool is a means which can provide analytical support for lecturers to evaluate their own practices (Bower et al. 2011). This study looks at the creation of a customised learning design tool (CLDT) and discusses whether it can serve as an Electronic Performance Support System, which is a tool that can guide and assist users in their roles in the workplace. This case study canvassed the experiences and opinions of faculty members in Military Education on the use of this CLDT. The tool is designed to capture and depict various features of a module's design. This study made use of design-based research which is a methodology requiring a phased approach and aims to influence practice. Inputs from the participants revealed the perceived value and benefits along with the necessary amendments needed for the tool.

The aim of this article is to defend African philosophy in its singularity, as opposed to African philosophies in its plurality. African philosophy argues that there are recognisable common traits among Africans, whereas African philosophies as a concept counters this notion, claiming that Africans hold different philosophies, hence generalising about them is impossible. The existence of African philosophy is a contested terrain sparked by colonialism. Failure to defend African philosophy is a recipe for perpetuating the thinking that African indigenes do not have a philosophy. There is also a risk that their worldview could be lost in globalisation and internationalisation. My reaction is mainly inspired by Davison (Davison, Z. 2022. African philosophy: A nebulous label for demeaning indigenous philosophies of people of Africa. Journal of Philosophy and Culture 10(1): 1-9), who refutes the notion of African philosophy but supports African philosophies. In this article, I draw from the existing literature on African philosophy mainly contributed by higher-education-based scholars, including those in the Diaspora. The concepts of philosophy and African are critical; I describe them to advance my argument. I then tackle critical issues surrounding African philosophy, such as the nebulousness of the concept, the historical-political and spatial-cultural connotations, and modernist and postmodernist lenses applied to Africans. Most importantly, I provide examples of common traits among Africans to support my defence of the concept. My conclusion is that African philosophy does exist and is defendable. The article contributes to the African philosophy versus African philosophies debate; this is also important for learning and conducting research about African philosophy in higher education. African scholars should not be blind to the commonalities identifiable in African worldviews that can be used to defend African philosophy.

Resumen El pensamiento computacional (PC) es una nueva forma de alfabetización y se considera como una competencia clave para los ciudadanos de la era actual. Es un constructo compuesto que tiene relación con la resolución de problemas, el pensamiento matemático, el pensamiento crítico, la creatividad y la comunicación. La investigación sobre la evaluación del PC se encuentra en consolidación, sin embargo, se evidencia ausencia de agrupación sistemática de instrumentos de medición del PC en diferentes niveles educativos. El objetivo de esta revisión consistió en identificar los instrumentos usados como herramientas para medir el PC, las habilidades evaluadas y las propiedades psicométricas de los instrumentos. Esta revisión sistemática presentó el análisis de 52 artículos encontrados del 2012 al 2022. Los resultados de la revisión demostraron un crecimiento significativo en las publicaciones relacionadas con el diseño y la validación de instrumentos de medición del PC en los últimos años. Se encontró que más del 80 % de los instrumentos presentaron evidencia de validez y confiabilidad, destacando la validez de contenido, la validez de constructo y la consistencia interna. Así mismo, en algunos instrumentos se consideraron la evaluación de habilidades afectivas, sociales y actitudes, lo cual enriquecía la valoración de las habilidades cognitivas. Sin embargo, se evidenció la ausencia de los países de Centro y Sur América en los artículos analizados sobre esta temática, al igual que la escasez de instrumentos dirigidos a la primera infancia y a los docentes. Estos hallazgos resaltan la necesidad de continuar investigando el PC desde la perspectiva de la evaluación en poblaciones específicas.

Abstract Computational Thinking (CT) is considered a key literacy skill in the digital age. It encompasses problem-solving, mathematical thinking, critical thinking, creativity, and communication. Since research on CT evaluation is in a consolidation phase, there is still a lack of systematic grouping of assessment instruments across different educational levels. This review aimed to identify the instruments used to measure CT, the evaluated skills, and the psychometric properties of these instruments. For such purpose, a systematic review of 52 articles published between 2012 and 2022 was conducted. The results revealed a significant growth in publications on the design and validation of CT measurement instruments in recent years. Over 80 % of the instruments demonstrated validity and reliability, particularly in terms of content validity, construct validity, and internal consistency. Furthermore, some instruments also evaluated affective and social skills, as well as attitudes, which enhanced the assessment of cognitive skills. However, the absence of contributions from Central and South American countries in the analyzed literature, along with the scarcity of instruments aimed at early childhood and teachers, highlights the need for further research into CT assessment in specific populations.