Resumen La determinación de la dieta de herbívoros a través de las estructuras epidérmicas presentes en sus excretas permite identificar las plantas consumidas y estimar las variaciones entre épocas del año. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la composición botánica de la dieta del venado temazate rojo (Mazama temama) en el Parque Nacional Cañón del Río Blanco (PNCRB), Veracruz, México. La vegetación donde se realizó el estudio es un bosque tropical perennifolio con presencia de vegetación inducida. Los muestreos se realizaron en la época de secas y de lluvias del 2021. Las especies vegetales consumidas se identificaron con análisis microhistológico de residuos epidérmicos en muestras fecales. La dieta estuvo conformada por 18 especies de plantas de 14 familias botánicas. El mayor porcentaje de consumo lo tuvo la familia Solanaceae (16.6%), enseguida Arecaceae, Asteraceae, Cucurbitacea y Malvaceae (11.1% cada una). El 66% de las plantas fueron consumidas en la época de secas, y aumentó un 34% de consumo durante lluvias, mostrando un 100% del porcentaje de consumo en lluvias. Las plantas consumidas fueron 10 de porte herbáceo (55.5%), seis de porte arbóreo (33.5%), una arbustiva y un pasto (5.5% cada una); plantas de borde de bosque (BB = 44%), de interior de bosque (IB = 33%) y cultivadas (PC = 23%), constituyeron la dieta. M. temama adaptó su dieta a la disponibilidad y distribución temporal y espacial de las plantas en el hábitat y con base en las condiciones climáticas (secas vs lluvias).

Abstract Determining the diet of herbivores through the epidermal structures present in their excreta makes it possible to identify the plants consumed and estimate the variations at different times of the year. The objective of the study was to determine the botanical composition of the diet of the deer Central American Red Brocket (Mazama temama), in the Parque Nacional Cañón del Río Blanco (PNCRB), Veracruz, Mexico. The vegetation where the study was carried out is an evergreen tropical forest with the presence of induced vegetation. Sampling was carried out during the dry and rainy season of 2021. The plant species consumed were identified with the microhistological analysis of epidermal residues in fecal samples. The diet consisted of 18 species of plants belonging to 14 botanical families. The highest percentage of consumption was for the Solanaceae family (16.6%), followed by Arecaceae, Asteraceae, Cucurbitacea and Malvaceae (11.1% each). 66% of the plants were consumed in the dry season, and consumption increased by 34% during the rainy season, showing 100% of the plant species in the rainy season, showing 100% consumption in the rainy season.. The plants consumed were 10 herbaceous plants (55.5%), six arboreal plants (33.5%), one shrub and one grass (5.5% each); forest edge plants (BB = 44%), forest interior plants (IB = 33%) and cultured plants (CP = 23%), constituted the diet. M. temama adapted its diet to the availability and temporal and spatial distribution of plants in the habitat and based on climatic conditions (dry vs. rainy).

ABSTRACT Semi-hydroponic systems are an alternative for vegetable production, combining inert substrates and nutrient solutions and requiring less water. Bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is a vegetable species of the Solanaceae family that is mainly grown in protected environments, which provide several financial and agronomic advantages for their management. Advancements in research and the need for high-quality productions have significantly contributed to this horticultural crop through the selection of productive cultivars with high economic yields and adapted to favorable conditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate growth, physiological, and production characteristics of colored bell pepper cultivars in a semi-hydroponic system. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, using four colored pepper cultivars (Spinel, Bachata, Fulgor, and Red Jet), five evaluation times (7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days after transplanting - DAT) for growth variables, and evaluations at two developmental stages (45 and 95 DAT) for physiological variables. Production and post-harvest variables were not evaluated in different times, considering only the cultivar factor, with five replications, each plot consisting of two plants. Chlorophyll a and b, maximum fluorescence, and water use efficiency were greater in bell pepper plants of the cultivar Spinel. The sweetest fruits were those of the cultivar Bachata. The cultivar Fulgor was the most suitable for growth under the studied conditions due to its greater fruit length and diameter and total fruit weight. Semihydroponic Semi hydroponic Capsicum L. L environments management highquality quality semihydroponic semi system design Spinel, Spinel (Spinel Bachata Jet, Jet , Jet) 7, 7 (7 14 21 28 3 DAT 45 (4 9 postharvest post harvest factor replications b fluorescence weight ( 1 2 4

RESUMO O sistema semi-hidropônico é uma alternativa para a produção de hortaliças, pois combina substrato inerte e solução nutritiva, necessitando de menos água. O pimentão é uma hortaliça da família Solanaceae, principalmente produzida em ambiente protegido, apresentando diversas vantagens financeiras e agronômicas no seu manejo. Com os avanços nas pesquisas e a necessidade de uma produção de qualidade, selecionar cultivares produtivas e com alto rendimento econômico, adaptadas às condições favoráveis, torna-se um grande avanço para esta cultura hortícola. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o crescimento, características fisiológicas e produtivas das cultivares Red Jet, Spinel, Bachata e Fulgor em sistema semi-hidropônico. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com quatro cultivares de pimentão colorido (Spinel, Bachata, Fulgor e Red Jet) subdivididas em cinco épocas de avaliação (7, 14, 21, 28 e 35 dias após transplantio - DAT) para as variáveis de crescimento e duas épocas (45 e 95 DAT) de avaliação para fisiologia. As variáveis produtivas e pós-colheita não foram subdivididas no tempo, levando-se em consideração apenas o fator cultivar para estas variáveis, com cinco repetições, sendo cada parcela composta por duas plantas. Os índices de clorofila a e b, fluorescência máxima e eficiência no uso da água foram maiores nas plantas de pimentão da cultivar Spinel. Os frutos mais doces foram obtidos com a cultivar Bachata. A cultivar Fulgor foi a mais indicada para cultivo nas condições estudadas devido ao maior comprimento, diâmetro e peso médio dos frutos. semihidropônico semi hidropônico hortaliças nutritiva Solanaceae protegido manejo qualidade econômico favoráveis tornase torna se hortícola Jet Spinel semihidropônico. hidropônico. (Spinel 7, 7 (7 14 21 2 3 DAT 45 (4 9 fisiologia póscolheita pós colheita tempo levandose levando repetições b comprimento ( 1 4

Abstract Frugivore bats are important seed dispersers in forests and their abundance are associated with the presence of zoochoric plants. In this context, the aim of our study was to investigate the association of the frugivore bat S. lilium with the diaspores of the zoochoric plant S. mauritianum, a common arboreal species present in forest fragments of southern Brazil. We also investigated the diet of the species based on seed content present in feces of individuals. Bats were mist-netted from November 2017 to April 2018 in a fragment of Atlantic Forest. The proportion of immature and mature diaspores of S. mauritianum was estimated in the same area where bats were sampled, and feces were sampled from captured individuals. In total, 61 individuals of S. lilium were captured, and 795 seeds were sampled from their feces. The abundance of S. lilium was significantly associated with the proportion of immature diaspores of S. mauritianum. We identified seeds of two botanical families: Solanaceae (89%) and Moraceae (11%) in the fecal samples. Our findings support the view that S. lilium is a legitimate disperser of S. mauritianum, and that its ecological function is probably a result of co-adaptation. plants context S Brazil mistnetted mist netted 201 Forest total 6 79 families 89% 89 (89% 11% 11 (11% samples coadaptation. coadaptation co adaptation. adaptation co-adaptation 20 7 8 (89 1 (11 2 (8 (1 (

ABSTRACT Physalis angulata has fruits rich in vitamins A and C, phosphorus, iron and antioxidant substances, while its leaves and roots have physalins, of high pharmacological potential. However, its cultivation is recent and there is a lack of technical knowledge. Characteristics of the seedling determine its vigor and the time of transplantation, which affect the performance of the crop in the field and, consequently, its yield. Therefore, the objective of this study was to know the influence of seedling height and stem diameter on the yield of P. angulata, defining the standard for transplantation and the time of permanence in the nursery. To obtain biometric characteristics, P. angulata was sown every four days and the seedlings were transplanted on April 6, 2022, at 22, 26, 30, 34 and 38 days after sowing. Descriptive analyses of the seedlings in the nursery were performed, with evaluations at 14, 18, 22, 26, 30, 34 and 38 days after sowing. To assess the performance of seedlings in the field, the 300 seedlings of different sizes transplanted were evaluated for survival and number of fruits per plant (< 150; 150 to < 200; 200 to < 250 and ≥ 250 fruits). For more productive plants (≥ 200 fruits), P. angulata seedlings should remain in the nursery for 38 days after sowing, when they will have at least 12.8 cm in height and 4.2 cm in stem diameter. C phosphorus substances physalins potential However knowledge consequently Therefore P characteristics 6 2022 22 26 30 3 sowing performed 14 18 ( 15 20 25 fruits. . fruits) fruits, , 128 12 8 12. 42 4 2 4. 202 1

RESUMO Physalis angulata possui frutos ricos em vitaminas A e C, fósforo, ferro e substâncias antioxidantes, enquanto suas folhas e raízes possuem fisalinas, de alto potencial farmacológico. No entanto, seu cultivo é recente e há falta de conhecimento técnico. Características da muda determinam seu vigor e a época de transplante, o que afeta o desempenho da cultura no campo e, consequentemente, sua produtividade. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi conhecer a influência da altura da muda e do diâmetro do caule na produtividade de P. angulata, definindo o padrão para o transplante e o tempo de permanência no viveiro. Para a obtenção das características biométricas, P. angulata foi semeada a cada quatro dias e as mudas foram transplantadas no dia 6 de abril de 2022, aos 22, 26, 30, 34 e 38 dias após a semeadura. Foram realizadas análises descritivas das mudas no viveiro, com avaliações aos 14, 18, 22, 26, 30, 34 e 38 dias após a semeadura. Para avaliar o desempenho das mudas no campo, as 300 mudas de diferentes tamanhos transplantadas foram avaliadas quanto à sobrevivência e número de frutos por planta (< 150; 150 a < 200; 200 a < 250 e ≥ 250 frutos). Para plantas mais produtivas (≥ 200 frutos), as mudas de P. angulata devem permanecer no viveiro por 38 dias após a semeadura, quando terão no mínimo 12,8 cm de altura e 4,2 cm de diâmetro do caule. C fósforo antioxidantes fisalinas farmacológico entanto técnico consequentemente Portanto P biométricas 2022 22 26 30 3 semeadura 14 18 ( 15 20 25 frutos. . frutos) frutos, , 128 12 8 12, 42 4 2 4, 202 1

Resumo Na região montanhosa ocidental de Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Paquistão, no distrito de Shangla, encontramos Physalis ixocarpa pela primeira vez, ainda não relatada nesse país. A P. ixocarpa não foi identificada e não possui registro etnobotânico na flora do Paquistão. É membro da família Solanaceae e tem estreita relação com Solanum tuberosum e Lycopersicon esculentum. O caule é rastejante com um padrão dicotômico de ramos com folhas, flores e frutos. As folhas são lisas e ovais e as margens da dentição da lâmina foliar são pouco desenvolvidas. O comprimento e a largura médios das folhas são de 6,50 e 3,61 cm, respectivamente. A P. ixocarpa cresce aproximadamente 120-150 cm de comprimento e é uma planta anual. As flores das plantas são de cor amarela com manchas roxas nas pétalas em forma de estrela. Os frutos redondos da baga são rodeados por cálice persistente e de cor roxa. Os frutos têm 3-6 cm de diâmetro. As plantas são encontradas em diferentes localidades do distrito de Shangla, especialmente em Bar e Koz Kana. O ciclo de vida da planta reportado é iniciado em maio e concluído em novembro.

Abstract In the western mountainous region of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan at the Shangla district, we found Physalis ixocarpa for the first time, not yet reported from Pakistan. Physalis ixocarpa was unidentified and has no ethnobotanical record in the flora of Pakistan. It is a member of family Solanaceae and having a close relation with Solanum tuberosum and Lycopersicon esculentum. The stem is prostrate with a dichotomous pattern of branches having leaves flower and fruits. Leaves are smooth, ovate and the margins of leaf blade dentation are poorly developed. The average length and width of the leaves are 6.50 and 3.61 cm respectively. P. ixocarpa grows to the length of 4-5 feet and an annual herb. The flowers of the plants are yellow in color and having purple color spots on the petals which are star-shaped. The round berry fruits are surrounded by persistent calyx and purple in color. The fruits are the 3-6cm in diameter. The plants are found in the different localities of district Shangla especially in Bar and Koz Kana. The life cycle of reporting plant is started in May and completed in November.

Abstract Herbaceous plants are important elements in coffee plantations of any producing region, coexisting in different degrees with coffee and woody plants. The objective of this study was to identify the principal herbaceous species present within one of the main coffee-producing strips in the state, analyzing seven coffee regions sampling 27 sites. 167 morphotypes were identified of which 148 were taxonomically determined to species level belonging to 52 botanical families. The families Asteraceae and Poaceae were the richest families with 20 and 21 species respectively; followed by Convolvulaceae and Fabaceae with 7 species each; and Euphorbiaceae, Lamiaceae and Solanaceae with six species each; the first two families have about the half of all individuals registered in the entire work. The families with the highest IVI were: Commelinaceae, Asteraceae, Poaceae, Acanthaceae, Crassulaceae; and the species with the highest IVI were: Bidens pilosa, Commelina coelestis, Melampodium divaricatum, Pseudechinolaena polystachya and Commelina erecta, respectively. The results showed that some variables such as altitude and precipitation have a significant influence on the diversity of weed species throughout the central zone of the state of Veracruz.

Resumen Las arvenses son elementos importantes dentro de los cafetales de cualquier región productora, coexistiendo en diferentes grados con el cafeto y especies leñosas asociadas. El objetivo fue identificar las especies de arvenses presentes "en la principal zona productora de café en el estado de Veracruz, analizando siete regiones cafetaleras muestreando 27 sitios. Se registraron 167 morfotipos de arvenses, de las cuales se determinaron taxonómicamente 148 hasta nivel de especie pertenecientes a 52 familias botánicas. Las familias Asteraceae y Poaceae fueron las más ricas en especies con 20 y 21 respectivamente, seguidas de Lamiaceae con 8 especies, Convolvulaceae y Fabaceae cada una con 7 especies, Euphorbiaceae, Malvaceae y Solanaceae con seis especies cada una; las dos primeras familias acumulan alrededor de la mitad de los individuos registrados en todo el trabajo. Las familias con los valores más altos del Índice de Valor de Importancia (IVI) fueron: Commelinaceae, Asteraceae, Poaceae, Acanthaceae, Crassulaceae; las especies con mayor IVI fueron: Bidens pilosa, Commelina coelestis, Melampodium divaricatum, Pseudechinolaena polystachya y Commelina erecta. Se logró identificar que variables como la altitud y precipitación tienen una influencia significativa sobre la diversidad de especies de arvenses a lo largo de la zona centro del estado de Veracruz.

Abstract Delimiting species is challenging in recently diverged species, and adaptive radiation is fundamental to understanding the evolutionary processes because it requires multiple ecological opportunities associated with adaptation to biotic and abiotic environments. The young Petunia genus (Solanaceae) is an excellent opportunity to study speciation because of its association with pollinators and unique microenvironments. This study evaluated the phylogenetic relationships among a Petunia clade species with different floral syndromes that inhabit several environments. We based our work on multiple individuals per lineage and employed nuclear and plastid phylogenetic markers and nuclear microsatellites. The phylogenetic tree revealed two main groups regarding the elevation of the distribution range, whereas microsatellites showed high polymorphism-sharing splitting lineages into three clusters. Isolation by distance, migration followed by new environment colonization, and shifts in floral syndrome were the motors for lineage differentiation, including infraspecific structuring, which suggests the need for taxonomic revision in the genus. environments Solanaceae (Solanaceae microenvironments range polymorphismsharing polymorphism sharing clusters distance colonization differentiation structuring

RESUMO Plantas com capacidade de submersão contínua ou periódica, pelo menos do sistema radicular, são consideradas aquáticas ou palustres. Parte dessas plantas pertence a Solanaceae, uma família de distribuição cosmopolita, com aproximadamente 97 gêneros e 2700 espécies, das quais, uma minoria encontra-se em ambientes sazonalmente inundados. Este trabalho objetivou realizar um levantamento e apresentar um tratamento taxonômico de espécies de Solanaceae ocorrentes em ambientes aquáticos e palustres no Recôncavo da Bahia. O material botânico foi coletado entre 2009 e 2023. Foram registradas 14 espécies distribuídas em cinco gêneros. São fornecidos ilustrações e comentários sobre as características diagnósticas, bem como mapa de distribuição na área de estudo. Solanum, o gênero mais diverso da família, é o mais representativo na área de estudo. Os dados obtidos até o momento, são muito importantes para elaborar estratégias de conservação destes ambientes e contribuir para a taxonomia dos grupos presentes nesses ecossistemas de água doce. periódica radicular cosmopolita 9 270 quais encontrase encontra se inundados Bahia 200 2023 1 diagnósticas estudo Solanum momento doce 27 20 202 2

ABSTRACT Plants with continuous or periodic submersion capacity, of at least the root system, are considered aquatic or marsh. Part of these plants are within Solanaceae, a family of cosmopolitan distribution, with about 97 genera and 2700 species, of which, a minority are found in seasonally flooded environments. This work aimed to carry out a survey and present a taxonomic treatment of Solanaceae species of aquatic and marsh environments in Recôncavo of Bahia. Plant material was collected between 2009 and 2023. Fourteen species distributed in five genera were registered. Illustrations and comments about the diagnostic characters are provided, as well as distribution maps on the study area. Solanum, as the most diversified genus in the family, is the richest genus in the study area. The data obtained until now is very important to elaborate conservation strategies of these environments and contribute to the taxonomy of groups present in these freshwater ecosystems. capacity system 9 270 which Bahia 200 2023 registered provided area Solanum ecosystems 27 20 202 2

Abstract The increasing need for sustainable alternatives to synthetic insecticides has driven the analysis of extracts from Solanum habrochaites, a wild tomato, through fractionated column chromatography. Potential bioactive compounds for pest management, a clean and promising biotechnological solution, have been reported from this plant. The objective is to provide detailed gas chromatography data, including peaks, structural formulas, and retention indices for the extracts of S. habrochaites aerial parts. Column chromatographic analysis was conducted with five fractions (F1, F2, F5, F3, and F4) of S. habrochaites extracts. Long-chain hydrocarbons such as hexadecanoic acid and docosano were identified in the F1 fraction; fatty acid esters, including hexadecanoate and octadecenoate ethyls in the F2 and methyl ketones, with tridecan-2-one as the major component in the F5, while no identifiable compounds were disclosed in the F3 and F4 fractions. The column chromatography provided valuable insights into compounds in the F1, F2, and F5 fractions of S. habrochaites extracts, highlighting fatty acid esters, long-chain hydrocarbons, and methyl ketones. The bioactive compounds, from extracts of this plant, including the first record of the docosanoate, hexadecanoate and octadecanoate ethyls in S. habrochaites and Solanaceae, reinforces their promising biological application in different areas of science. tomato management solution plant data peaks formulas S parts F (F1 Longchain Long chain fraction esters ketones tridecan2one tridecanone tridecan 2 one longchain long docosanoate Solanaceae science (F

Resumo A crescente necessidade por alternativas sustentáveis no manejo de pragas motivou a análise de extratos de plantas do tomate silvestre, Solanum habrochaites, por cromatografia em coluna de fração. O objetivo foi detalhar resultados da cromatografia gasosa, incluindo picos, fórmulas estruturais e índices de retenção para compostos de extratos de partes aéreas de S. habrochaites. A análise cromatográfica em coluna foi realizada para cinco frações (F1, F2, F5, F3 e F4) dos extratos de S. habrochaites. Hidrocarbonetos de cadeia longa, como ácidos hexadecanóico e docosanoato, foram identificados na fração F1; ácidos graxos, incluindo hexadecanoato de etila e octadecanoato de etila na F2 e metilcetonas, com tridecan-2-ona como o composto majoritário, na F5 e nenhum composto nas frações F3 e F4. A análise dos extratos de S. habrochaites, por cromatografia em coluna, identificou compostos nas frações F1, F2 e F5, desta planta, destacando ésteres de ácidos graxos, metilcetonas e hidrocarbonetos de cadeia longa e o primeiro relato dos docosanoato, hexadecanoato e octadecanoato nessa planta e em Solanaceae. silvestre habrochaites gasosa picos S F1 F (F1 F4 docosanoato graxos tridecan2ona tridecanona tridecan 2 ona majoritário Solanaceae (F

Abstract A complete protocol of Nolana intonsa I. M. Johnst, micropropagation was developed. The culture media used were WPM, DKW, and MS as control. DKW medium produced the best results over in vitro development of N. intonsa, generating a significant increase in the multiplication rate, lateral shoots formation, height, and general quality of the plantlets. In the case of fresh weight, dry weight, and water content, no differences were observed between MS and DKW, but a significant decrease in these parameters was produced when the WPM medium was used. Subsequently, when DKW was defined as basal medium, the effect of auxin supplementation was also evaluated. The addition of IBA generated a desirable effect over the in vitro plantlets. The addition of 0.05 mg L-1 of IBA improve the multiplication rate, the shoot's development, plant's height, and reduced in a significant way the damage to the plantlets. Fresh weight, dry weight, and water contents also showed a significant increase when IBA supplementation was added to the DKW medium. The plants where acclimatization of the plantlets was possible, obtaining finished pot plants capable of growth under greenhouse conditions. The development of a micropropagation protocol of N. intonsa could help the conservation and sustainable utilization of this endemic Chilean species. I M Johnst developed control N rate formation height weight content Subsequently evaluated 005 0 05 0.0 L1 L 1 L- shoot s plant possible conditions species 00 0.

Resumo Um protocolo eficiente de micropropagação foi desenvolvido para Nolana intosa I. M. Johnst. Os meios de cultura utilizados foram WPM, DKW e MS como controle. O meio DKW produziu os melhores resultados sobre o desenvolvimento in vitro de N. intonsa, gerando aumento significativo a taxa de multiplicação, formação de brotos laterais, altura e qualidade geral das plântulas. No caso de peso fresco, peso seco e teor de água, não foram observadas diferenças entre MS e DKW, e redução significativa nesses parâmetros foi produzida quando o meio WPM foi usado. Posteriormente, quando DKW foi definido como meio basal, o efeito da suplementação de auxina também foi avaliado. A adição de AIB gerou um efeito favorável sobre as plântulas in vitro. A adição de 0,05 mg L-1 de AIB melhorou a taxa de multiplicação (organogênese), o desenvolvimento da parte aérea, a altura da planta e reduziu de forma significativa os danos nas mudas. O peso fresco, o peso seco e os teores de água também mostraram um aumento significativo quando a suplementação de AIB foi adicionada ao meio DKW. Por fim, foi possível a aclimatação das mudas, obtendo-se plantas de vasos prontas capazes de crescer em casa de vegetação. O desenvolvimento de um protocolo de micropropagação de N. intonsa pode auxiliar na conservação e utilização sustentável desta espécie endêmica do Chile. I M Johnst controle N laterais fresco usado Posteriormente basal avaliado 005 0 05 0,0 L1 L 1 L- organogênese, organogênese , (organogênese) aérea mudas fim obtendose obtendo se vegetação Chile 00 0, (organogênese

Abstract Calibrachoa is a genus native to South America wich belongs to the Solanaceae family. The use of seeds of calibrachoa species native to Argentina serves as a source of natural variability and for research purposes, so their in vitro germination represents a fast and reliable tool compared to other traditional germination techniques. Therefore, in this work the in vitro germination of C. thymifolia and C. missionica was evaluated under Murashige and Skoog and Woody plant medium, and it was found that both are efficient for the germination of these species. In turn, it was determined that, under these conditions, C. thymifolia germinates more seeds in a shorter time than C. missionica.

Resumen Calibrachoa es un género originario de América del Sur que pertenece a la familia Solanaceae. La utilización de semillas de especies de calibrachoa nativas de la Argentina sirve como fuente de variabilidad natural y con fines de investigación, por lo que su germinación in vitro representa una herramienta rápida y confiable frente a otras técnicas de germinación tradicionales. Por ello, en este trabajo se evaluó la germinación in vitro de C. thymifolia y C. missionica bajo los medios de cultivos Murashige y Skoog y Woody plant medium, y se vio que ambos son eficientes para la germinación de estas especies. A su vez, se determinó que, bajo las condiciones de este experimento, C. thymifolia logra germinar una mayor cantidad de semillas en un menor tiempo con respecto a C. missionica.

Resumen Se estudiaron la flora útil y los usos de las plantas del área rural de Linares, Nuevo León. Se realizaron 180 encuestas semiestructuradas en seis ejidos. Se registraron 75 familias, 194 géneros y 253 especies con uso etnobotánico. Las principales categorías de uso fueron: ornamental (105 especies), medicinal (83), alimento (6) y maderable (25), las 34 especies restantes son utilizadas como forraje, cosméticos y creencias. Cactaceae (19), Fabaceae (15), Asteraceae (15), Poaceae (15), Lamiaceae (12), Solanaceae (6), Asparagaceae (6) y Rutaceae (4) registraron el mayor número de taxa. Del total de especies identificadas, 120 son nativas y 133 exóticas. Respecto al uso medicinal, Allium sativum, Aloe vera, Echinocereus poselgeri, Equisetum laevigatum, Croton suaveolens, Mentha spicata, Litsea glaucescens y Ruta graveolens resultaron las más utilizadas. Las principales especies maderables fueron: Prosopis glandulosa, Vachellia farnesiana, Ebenopsis ebano, Havardia pallens, Quercus canbyi, Carya illinoinensis, Pinus cembroides, P. montezumae y P. teocote. Para el Factor de Consenso del Informante (FCI) las medicinales se utilizan, principalmente, para curar males de los sistemas respiratorio, circulatorio, reproductivo y digestivo. Los taxa con los valores más altos del Índice de Valor de Uso (IVU) fueron Dysphania ambrosioides, Allium cepa y A. sativum, todas con valor=1. Respecto al Índice de Fidelidad (IF, %), los mayores porcentajes correspondieron a Artemisia ludoviciana, Cymbopogon citratus y Hedeoma drummondii. La región rural de Linares posee una rica flora útil que se utiliza principalmente como ornamental, medicinal, alimenticia, forrajera y maderable.

Abstract The useful flora and uses of plants in the rural area of Linares, Nuevo León were analyzed. A total of 180 semi-structured surveys were conducted in six ejidos. 75 families, 194 genera and 253 species with ethnobotanical use were recorded. The main categories of use were: ornamental (105 species), medicinal (83), food (6) and timber (25); the remaining 34 species are used as fodder, cosmetics and beliefs. Cactaceae (19), Fabaceae (15), Asteraceae (15), Poaceae (15), Lamiaceae (12), Solanaceae (6), Asparagaceae (6), and Rutaceae (4) recorded the highest number of taxa. Of the total number of identified species, 120 are native, and 133 are exotic. As for the medicinal use, Allium sativum, Aloe vera, Echinocereus poselgeri, Equisetum laevigatum, Croton suaveolens, Mentha spicata, Litsea glaucescens and Ruta graveolens were the most widely used. The main timber species were Prosopis glandulosa, Vachellia farnesiana, Ebenopsis ebano, Havardia pallens, Quercus canbyi, Carya illinoinensis, Pinus cembroides, P. montezumae, and P. teocote. For the Informant Consensus Factor (ICF), medicinal plants are mainly used to cure ailments of the respiratory, circulatory, reproductive, and digestive systems. The taxa with the highest Use Value Index (UVI), equal to 1 in every case, were Dysphania ambrosioides, Allium cepa, and A. sativum. In regard to the Fidelity Index (FI, %), the highest percentages corresponded to Artemisia ludoviciana, Cymbopogon citratus, and Hedeoma drummondii. The Linares rural region has a rich useful flora, which is mainly used as ornamental, medicinal, food, forage and timber.

Abstract Root knot nematode M. incognita is one of the most dangerous and common species affecting Solanaceae family, including the naranjilla crop (S. quitoense). The objective of this work was to evaluate three species of Solanaceas as hosts (S. sessiliflorum, S. hirtum and S. quitoense) for an isolated of M. incognita in greenhouse. Plants of three species were planted in pots and each plant was inoculated with 2500 eggs and second stage juveniles (J2). Host suitability was assessed 80 days after inoculation. Initial inoculum was obtained from infested roots of S. quitoense plants collected in commercial naranjilla orchards. A completely randomized experimental design was used. The variables evaluated at 80 days after inoculation were: gall index (GI), nematode reproduction factor (RF), dry weight of the foliar area, plant height and stem diameter. All species were galled, but S. sessiliflorum and S. hirtum showed the least number of root knots with values of 33.73 and 34.73. Both were classified as resistant / hypersensitive with reproduction factors of 0.94 and 0.85 (RF> 1) respectively, while S. quitoense was susceptible with a value of 1.56. In terms of foliage yield (dry weight), plant height and stem diameter, S. sessiliflorum and S. hirtum showed a tolerance response in relation to S. quitoense.

Resumen El nematodo del nudo de la raíz Meloidogyne incognita es una de las especies más peligrosas y comunes que afectan a las solanáceas, entre ellas la naranjilla Solanum quitoense. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el potencial reproductivo de un aislamiento de M. incognita en tres especies de Solanaceas en invernadero: Solanum sessiliflorum, Solanum hirtum (reportada anteriormente como resistente) y S. quitoense (susceptible). Plantas de las tres especies fueron sembradas en maceta y a las cuatro semanas fueron inoculadas con 2500 huevos más juveniles en estado 2 (J2). El inóculo inicial se obtuvo de raíces infestadas de plantas de S. quitoense recolectadas en huertos comerciales de naranjilla. Se utilizó un diseño experimental completamente aleatorizado. Las variables evaluadas a los 80 días después de la inoculación fueron: índice de agallas (GI), factor de reproducción de nematodos (RF), peso seco del área foliar, altura de la planta y diámetro del tallo. Se encontró que las tres especies mostraron agallamiento, pero S. sessiliflorum y S. hirtum mostraron el menor número de nudos de raíz con valores de 33,73 y 34,73. Además, S. sessiliflorum y S. hirtum presentaron una categoría de resistente/hipersensitivo con factores de reproducción de 0,94 y 0,85 (RF > 1) respectivamente, mientras que S. quitoense fue susceptible con un valor de 1,56. En términos de rendimiento de follaje (peso seco), altura de la planta y diámetro del tallo se observó una respuesta de tolerancia en S. sessiliflorum y S. hirtum en relación a S. quitoense.

Resumen Introducción: La regeneración natural es una solución de bajo costo y basada en la naturaleza para restaurar parte de los hábitats degradados por la deforestación. Objetivo: Documentar la composición florística de un fragmento de vegetación en regeneración de bosque muy húmedo premontano. Métodos: Hicimos un inventario florístico en 5,59ha mediante recorridos exhaustivos. Resultados: Identificamos 74 familias, 144 géneros y 170 especies nativas, y 15 familias, 21 géneros y 22 especies introducidas, y un híbrido. Las familias con mayor riqueza de géneros y especies fueron Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Solanaceae, Rubiaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Polypodiaceae, Lauraceae y Pteridaceae. Los géneros con mayor riqueza de especies fueron Solanum, Pleopeltis, Pteris, Croton y Piper. Hallamos dos especies endémicas, Costus montanus y Sechium tacaco. El 95% de las especies son terrestres, 4% epífitas facultativas y 1% holoepífitas; 30% árboles, 29% arbustos, 27% hierbas, 9% lianas y 5% sufrútices. Cerca del 64% son estrictamente heliófitas, y un 36% de las especies pueden tolerar la sombra. 148 especies tiene al menos nombre común. Conclusión: Este bosque se encuentra en un estado temprano de regeneración, con una composición de especies típica de los bosques premontanos del Valle Central costarricense, por lo que es relevante conservarlo.

Abstract Introduction: Natural restoration is a low cost and nature-based way to restore part of habitats degraded by deforestation. Objective: To document the floristic composition of a regenerating vegetation fragment of very wet premontane forest. Methods: We did a floristic inventory in 5,59ha through exhaustive walks. Results: We documented 74 families, 144 genera and 170 native species, and 15 families, 21 genera and 22 exotic species, and one hybrid. The families with the highest genera and species riches were Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Solanaceae, Rubiaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Polypodiaceae, Lauraceae, and Pteridaceae. The genera with the highest species richness were Solanum, Pleopeltis, Pteris, Croton, and Piper. We identified two endemic species, Costus montanus and Sechium tacaco. 95% of the species are terrestrial, 4% facultative epiphytes, and 1% holoepiphytes; 30% trees, 29% shrubs, 27% herbs, 9% lianas, and 5% dwarf shrub. About 64% are strictly heliophytes, and 36% of the species may tolerate shade. 148 species have at least one vernacular name. Conclusion: It is relevant to conserve this forest fragment, which is in an early state of regeneration, because its species composition typical of the premontane forests of the Costa Rican Central Valley.

Resumen Introducción. El uso de bacterias promotoras de crecimiento vegetal es una alternativa a integrar en estrategias de manejo del cultivo de uchuva, mediante su aplicación en etapas de semillero, con el fin de obtener plántulas de mayor vigor que puedan tolerar estreses bióticos y abióticos en condiciones de campo. Objetivo. Evaluar la actividad promotora de crecimiento vegetal y capacidad endófita de las rizobacterias Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Bs006 y Pseudomonas migulae Pf014 inoculadas durante la etapa de semillero de uchuva (Physalis peruviana L.). Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un experimento de abril a mayo de 2018, en un invernadero ubicado en el Centro de Investigación Tibaitatá, Mosquera, Colombia, con un diseño de bloques completos al azar y tres repeticiones. Se inocularon las rizobacterias de forma individual en el sustrato de siembra, a una concentración de 1 x 108 UFC/mL y se cuantificaron como variables de respuesta: biomasa seca (g) de raíz, tallo y hojas, altura (cm), área foliar (cm2) y número de hojas, y se comprobó su endofitismo mediante la evaluación de la colonización del tejido vegetal. Resultados. B. amyloliquefaciens Bs006 estimuló el crecimiento de plántulas de uchuva con respecto al testigo y demostró mayor capacidad de promoción que P. migulae Pf014, ya que aumentó la longitud de la planta en 34 %, el crecimiento en tallo y raíz en 59 % y 16 %, respectivamente; aumentó la biomasa seca de la raíz en 178 %, en tallo en 161 % y en hojas en 96 %. Bs006 se aisló del interior del tejido vegetal, lo que indica su capacidad como endófito en uchuva. Conclusiones. La respuesta positiva en todas las variables agronómicas evaluadas con la aplicación de B. amyloliquefaciens Bs006, indica que esta bacteria puede ser validada durante la etapa de semillero de uchuva.

Abstract Introduction. Using plant growth-promoting bacteria is an alternative to integrate into cape gooseberry crop management strategies, through its application in seedling stages, in order to obtain more vigorous seedlings that can tolerate biotic and abiotic stresses under field conditions. Objective. To evaluate the plant growth-promoting activity and endophytic capacity of the rhizobacteria Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Bs006 and Pseudomonas migulae Pf014 inoculated during the seedling stage of cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.). Materials and methods. An experiment was carried out from April to May 2018, in a greenhouse located at the Tibaitatá Research Center, Mosquera, Colombia, with a randomized complete block design and three replications. The rhizobacteria were inoculated individually in the substrate at a concentration of 1 x 108 CFU/mL and were quantified as response variables: dry biomass (g) of root, stem, and leaves, height (cm), leaf area (cm2), and number of leaves, and their endophytism was verified by evaluating the colonization of plant tissue. Results. B. amyloliquefaciens Bs006 stimulated the growth of cape gooseberry seedlings with respect to the control. It showed greater promotion capacity than P. migulae Pf014, since it increased the length of the plant by 34 %, the stem and root growth by 59% and 16 %, respectively. It increased root dry biomass of the root by 178 %, stem by 161 %, and leaves by 96 %. Bs006 was isolated from the interior of the plant tissue, which indicates its capacity as an endophyte in cape gooseberry. Conclusions. The positive response in all the agronomic variables evaluated with the application of B. amyloliquefaciens Bs006 indicates that this bacterium can be validated during the seedling stage of cape gooseberry.