RESUMEN Introducción: Los brotes recurrentes de dengue subrayan la necesidad de abordajes más efectivos en la prevención y control de vectores. A menudo, las intervenciones se centran en un enfoque biomédico y de promoción de la salud desde un enfoque individual, sin integrar factores socioambientales ni ser evaluados científicamente Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto de la recolección de residuos domésticos de gran tamaño sobre potenciales criaderos de mosquitos transmisores del dengue en Asunción, Paraguay durante los años 2017 a 2021. Material y métodos: Estudio cuasiexperimental, longitudinal, donde se encuestaron 350 hogares, como línea de base durante el 2017 y una línea de cierre en 108 hogares en 2021. Se utilizó el método de Diferencia en Diferencia (DID) para comparar la presencia de criaderos antes y después de la intervención en 43 hogares intervenidos y 65 no intervenidos. Resultados: La recolección diferenciada fue utilizada principalmente por aquellos hogares que tenían una gran cantidad de residuos sólidos de gran tamaño, pero no para deshacerse de todos estos objetos, sino sólo de una parte (DID de -52% en el número total de criaderos y DID de 1% en número de hogares con criaderos). Encontramos una reducción significativa en el número de total de criaderos de gran tamaño, pero no observamos diferencias en el número total de hogares con criaderos. Factores subjetivos, como la creencia de que los objetos en desuso podrían llegar a ser útiles en el futuro explicaban en gran medida su presencia en los hogares, incluso con el servicio disponible. Conclusiones: El enfoque de la gestión municipal en los residuos voluminosos puede contribuir a la prevención del dengue por el hecho de que no constituyen residuos de generación rápida en los hogares, y su eliminación puede tener un impacto relativamente duradero. El factor subjetivo relacionado con la presencia de estos criaderos en los hogares debe ser objeto de mayores estudios.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Recurrent dengue outbreaks underscore the need for more effective approaches to vector prevention and control. Often, interventions focus on a biomedical and health promotion approach from an individual approach, without integrating socio-environmental factors or being scientifically evaluated. Objetive: To evaluate the impact of large household waste collection on potential breeding sites of dengue-transmitting mosquitoes in Asuncion, Paraguay during the years 2017 to 2021. Material and methods: Quasi-experimental, longitudinal study, where 350 households were surveyed, as a baseline during 2017 and a closing line in 108 households in 2021. The Difference-in-Difference (DID) method was used to compare the presence of breeding sites before and after the intervention in 43 intervened and 65 non-intervened households. Results: Differentiated collection was mainly used by those households that had a large amount of large solid waste, but not to dispose of all these objects, but only part of them (DID of -52% in the total number of breeding sites and DID of 1% in the number of households with breeding sites). We found a significant reduction in the total number of large breeding sites but did not observe differences in the total number of households with breeding sites. Subjective factors, such as the belief that disused objects could become useful in the future, were largely responsible for the reduction in the number of large breeding sites. Conclusions: The municipal management approach to bulky waste can contribute to dengue prevention because it does not constitute rapidly generated waste in households, and its disposal can have a relatively long-lasting impact. The subjective factors related to the presence of these breeding sites in households warrant further study.

Abstract In Argentina, obesity has been on the rise since 2005. The factors shown to be associated with obesity are of a socio-environmental and genetic nature. Among the latter, the FTO gene has been the most extensively studied. The aim of the present work was to analyze the relationship between two markers of the FTO gene, namely rs9939609 and rs11075997, and socio-environmental variables with nutritional status in a sample of 155 individuals from Puerto Madryn, Chubut. Body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-height index (WHtR) were calculated, and multiple linear models were tested to determine the influence of genetic and non-genetic variables on these anthropometric indices. Nutritional status was significantly and negatively associated with educational level and physical activity. The allele reported in the literature as risk allele of the marker rs11075997 was significantly associated with an increase in anthropometric indices in an additive model, more so with WHtR than with BMI. It is necessary to carry out work on a larger scale that will allow us to determine the frequency of the genetic markers of predisposition to obesity studied here and their distribution in our country. Rev Arg Antrop Biol 26(1), 073, 2024. https://doi.org/10.24215/18536387e073

Resumen En Argentina, el exceso de peso aumentó continuamente desde el 2005 hasta el presente. Los factores con probada relación con el exceso de peso son socio-ambientales y genéticos. Entre estos últimos, el gen FTO es el más estudiado. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la relación entre dos marcadores del gen FTO (rs9939609 y rs11075997) y variables socio-ambientales con el estado nutricional en una muestra de 155 personas de Puerto Madryn, Chubut. Se calcularon los índices de masa corporal (IMC) y de cintura-talla (ICT), y se probaron modelos lineales múltiples para conocer la influencia de las variables genéticas y no genéticas sobre dichos índices antropométricos. El nivel educativo y la actividad física estuvieron asociados significativamente y de manera negativa con el estado nutricional. El alelo reportado en la literatura como de riesgo del marcador rs11075997 estuvo significativamente asociado con el aumento de los índices antropométricos bajo un modelo aditivo, en mayor medida con el ICT que con el IMC. Es necesario realizar trabajos a mayor escala que permitan identificar la frecuencia de los marcadores genéticos de predisposición a obesidad aquí estudiados y su distribución en nuestro país. Rev Arg Antrop Biol 26(1), 073, 2024. https://doi.org/10.24215/18536387e073

Abstract Objective: Analyze socio-environmental factors related to the cumulative incidence of leishmaniasis at the cantonal level in Costa Rica from 2018 to 2021. Materials and methods: Observational, ecological, cantonal, descriptive-analytical study. A spatial analysis is carried out through choropleth maps, Moran Index and Local Spatial Association Index. Bivariate and multivariate negative binomial regression models are carried out. Results: Two multivariate models are developed: Multivariate model A: the variables educational dimension and access to information behave as protective factors. Model B: the percentage of households lacking decent shelter, sex ratio, percentage of Afro-descendant population and percentage of poor households act as risk factors. Conclusions: It is observed that the cantons with the highest cumulative incidence of leishmaniasis were those located mainly in the Caribbean and southern areas. Socioenvironmental factors related to the cantonal standardized cumulative incidence of leishmaniasis in Costa Rica from 2018 to 2021 are identified. It is possible to determine the presence of clusters of high spatial autocorrelation between the variables identified in this research as protective factors educational dimension, access to information and risk factors percentage of households lacking decent shelter, sex ratio, percentage of population Afrodescendant, and percentage of poor households mainly in cantons located in the Caribbean area and southern part of the country, as well as clusters of low spatial autocorrelation in cantons in the center of the country.

Resumen Objetivo: Analizar factores socioambientales relacionados con la incidencia acumulada de leishmaniasis a nivel cantonal en Costa Rica del año 2018 al 2021. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de tipo observacional, ecológico, a nivel cantonal, descriptivo-analítico. Se realiza un análisis espacial por medio de mapas coropléticos, Índice de Moran e Índice Local de Asociación Espacial. Se llevan a cabo modelos de regresión binomial negativa bivariado y multivariado. Resultados: Se desarrollan dos modelos multivariados: Modelo multivariado A, las variables dimensión educativa y acceso a información se comportan como factores protectores. Modelo B, el porcentaje de hogares con carencia de albergue digno, razón de masculinidad, porcentaje de población afrodescendiente y porcentaje de hogares pobres, actúan como factores de riesgo. Conclusiones: Se observa que los cantones con mayor incidencia acumulada de leishmaniasis fueron los localizados principalmente en el caribe y zona sur. Se identifican factores socioambientales relacionados con la incidencia acumulada estandarizada cantonal de leishmaniasis en Costa Rica del año 2018 al 2021. Es posible determinar clústeres de autocorrelación espacial alta entre las variables identificadas en esta pesquisa como factores protectores, dimensión educativa, acceso a la información y de riesgo, porcentaje de hogares con carencia de albergue digno, razón de masculinidad, porcentaje de población afrodescendiente, y porcentaje de hogares pobres principalmente en cantones ubicados en la zona del caribe y zona sur del país, así como clústeres de autocorrelación espacial baja en cantones del centro del país.

Abstract: The milpa landscape is a territory where there is a close relationship between the Mayan populations and the forest manifested in agroecosystem management strategies such as: the milpa, the home garden and the secondary vegetation. The milpa landscape faces multiple socio-environmental pressures that require transdisciplinary analytical frameworks that allow its comprehensive understanding. The objective of this work is to analyze through variables that allow us to deepen into the socioecological relationships established by the human and biophysical components of southern Yucatán. The framework of socio-ecological systems was used, for its operationalization secondary information was reviewed and 257 surveys were applied in two municipalities. The results show that socioecological relationships are influenced by aspects of governance and land tenure. The milpa system prevails in livelihoods, but coexists with factors such as the loss of the Mayan language, the low generational change, the market economy, the high prevalence of agrochemicals and weather patterns. It is proposed that efforts based on the revaluation of the milpa, the participatory integration of knowledge and the development of adaptive governance schemes could have positive repercussions on sustainability if this biocultural landscape. Abstract vegetation socioenvironmental socio environmental understanding Yucatán ecological used 25 municipalities tenure livelihoods language change economy patterns 2

Resumen: El paisaje milpa es un territorio con una marcada relación entre las poblaciones mayas y las selvas que se manifiestan en estrategias de manejo de los agroecosistemas locales: la milpa, el huerto familiar y la vegetación secundaria. El paisaje milpa enfrenta múltiples presiones socioambientales que requieren de marcos analíticos transdiciplinarios que permitan su comprensión integral. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar en las interacciones que establecen los componentes humanos y biofísicos. Se utilizó el marco de sistemas socioecológicos, para su operacionalización se revisó información secundaria y se aplicaron 257 encuestas en dos municipios. Los resultados muestran que las relaciones socioecológicas son influenciadas por aspectos de gobernanza y la tenencia de la tierra. El sistema milpa prevalece en los medios de vida, pero coexistiendo con factores que amenazan su estabilidad como la pérdida de la lengua maya, el bajo relevo generacional, la economía de mercado, el alto empleo de agroquímicos y los patrones climáticos. Se concluye que esfuerzos basados en la revalorización de la milpa, la integración participativa de conocimientos y el desarrollo de esquemas de gobernanza adaptativa podrían repercutir positivamente en la sostenibilidad de este paisaje cultural. Resumen locales integral biofísicos socioecológicos 25 municipios tierra vida maya generacional mercado climáticos cultural 2

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Pain generates negative consequences in the personal and social life of individuals. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between musculoskeletal pain and individual and contextual aspects in adults in the south of Brazil. METHODS: Cross-sectional analysis of a population-based cohort study (n=571). Musculoskeletal pain was assessed using the adapted and translated version for Brazil of the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ). In the multivariable analysis, the variables were adjusted for each other taking into account the two levels: contextual and individual. RESULTS: The prevalence of musculoskeletal pain was 71.1% (95% CI: 66.4-75.4). In the adjusted analysis, the following were associated with greater musculoskeletal pain at the contextual level: lower income, lower social support from the neighborhood and lower social action. At the individual level, sex (female), older age, lower education, lower social support and morbidities (≥ 3) were associated. CONCLUSION: The present research findings showed a high prevalence of musculoskeletal pain. Social action at the contextual level remained in the model after adjustment, this association suggests the contribution of socio-environmental factors to health outcomes. OBJECTIVES individuals METHODS Crosssectional Cross sectional populationbased population based n=571. n571 n n=571 . 571 (n=571) NMQ. NMQ (NMQ) levels RESULTS 711 71 1 71.1 95% 95 (95 CI 66.475.4. 664754 66.4 75.4 66 4 75 66.4-75.4) income female, female , (female) age education ≥ ( 3 CONCLUSION adjustment socioenvironmental socio environmental outcomes n57 n=57 57 (n=571 (NMQ 7 71. 9 (9 475 66.475.4 66475 664 66. 754 75. 6 66.4-75.4 (female n5 n=5 5 (n=57 47 66.475. 6647 66.4-75. n= (n=5 66.475 66.4-75 (n= 66.47 66.4-7 (n 66.4-

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A dor gera consequências negativas na vida pessoal e social dos indivíduos. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a associação entre dor osteomuscular e aspectos individuais e contextuais em adultos do sul do Brasil. MÉTODOS: Análise transversal de um estudo de coorte de base populacional (n=571). A dor osteomuscular foi avaliada através da versão adaptada e traduzida para o Brasil do Questionário Nórdico de Sintomas Osteomusculares (QNSO). Na análise multivariável, as variáveis foram ajustadas entre si levando em consideração os dois níveis: contextual e individual. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de dor osteomuscular foi de 71,1% (IC 95%:66,4-75,4). Na análise ajustada estiveram associados a maior dor osteomuscular em nível contextual: menor renda, menor apoio social da vizinhança e menor ação social. Em nível individual estiveram associados o sexo (feminino), maior idade, menor escolaridade, menor apoio social e morbidades (≥3). CONCLUSÃO: Os achados desta pesquisa evidenciaram alta prevalência de dor osteomuscular. A ação social no nível contextual permaneceu no modelo após ajustamento, essa associação sugere a contribuição dos fatores socioambientais em desfechos de saúde. OBJETIVOS indivíduos MÉTODOS n=571. n571 n n=571 . 571 (n=571) QNSO. QNSO (QNSO) multivariável níveis RESULTADOS 711 71 1 71,1 IC 95%66,475,4. 95664754 95% 66,4 75,4 95 66 4 75 95%:66,4-75,4) renda feminino, feminino , (feminino) idade escolaridade ≥3. 3 ≥3 (≥3) CONCLUSÃO ajustamento saúde n57 n=57 57 (n=571 (QNSO 7 71, 475 95%66,475,4 9566475 664 66, 754 75, 9 6 95%:66,4-75,4 (feminino ≥ (≥3 n5 n=5 5 (n=57 47 95%66,475, 956647 95%:66,4-75, (≥ n= (n=5 95%66,475 95664 95%:66,4-75 ( (n= 95%66,47 9566 95%:66,4-7 (n 95%66,4 956 95%:66,4- 95%66, 95%:66,4 95%66 95%:66, 95%6 95%:66 95%:6 95%:

Abstract Coal mining activities release harmful air pollutants, which affect children’s health, particularly the lung function. Brazil has a large coal reserve in the southern region, where a coal-fired power plant and two coal mines are located. The study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of altered respiratory function and associated factors in children living in this region. A cross-sectional study was conducted in seven cities. It collected socioeconomic and demographic, prenatal and postnatal care, neonatal outcomes, child health information as well as lung function and air quality. The study included 396 children who lived in a high socio-environmental vulnerability due to low education levels and family income, high percentage of unemployed and families with a high bedroom density. There was a high prevalence of preterm birth, low birth weight and long-term exposure to environmental conditions. The most common respiratory problem in the parents was rhinitis, while in the children was wheezing and pneumonia. The prevalence of respiratory function alteration in the region was 7.78%. Variables associated with altered respiratory function were passive smoking, low birth weight, history of wheezing. The concentration of pollutants was equivalent when comparing stations within the coal mining host town (Candiota) and surrounding towns. childrens s coalfired fired located crosssectional cross sectional cities demographic care outcomes quality 39 socioenvironmental socio income density longterm long term conditions rhinitis pneumonia 778 7 78 7.78% smoking Candiota (Candiota towns 3 77 7.78 7.7 7.

RESUMEN Los desafíos socioambientales contemporáneos se caracterizan por su elevada complejidad, lo que resulta en una creciente vulnerabilidad socioecológica. Por ello, para comprender estos problemas es necesario analizar los múltiples factores que influyen en su origen y desarrollo. Presentamos, a partir de una revisión de fuentes secundarias, un primer análisis de la avalancha de lodo, residuos y materia orgánica que ocurrió en junio de 2019 en la cabecera del municipio de San Gabriel, en el estado de Jalisco, México. Si bien este desastre ambiental se ha atribuido principalmente a la expansión del cultivo de aguacate, se argumenta que otros factores, incluida la urbanización espontánea, también desempeñan un papel significativo. A través de este análisis, se explora la complejidad socioambiental subyacente que contribuyó a la vulnerabilidad socioecológica y, en última instancia, desencadenó la avalancha en San Gabriel. Se concluye con reflexiones generales, resaltando la importancia de abordar la gestión de políticas ambientales desde una perspectiva colaborativa que involucre a todos los sectores sociales.

ABSTRACT Contemporary socio-environmental challenges are characterized by their high complexity, resulting in increasing socio-ecological vulnerability. Therefore, in order to understand these problems, it is necessary to analyse the multiple factors that influence their origin and development. We present, from a review of secondary sources, a first analysis of the landslide of mud, debris and organic matter that occurred in June 2019 in the head of the municipality of San Gabriel, in the state of Jalisco, Mexico. While this environmental disaster has been attributed primarily to the expansion of avocado cultivation, it is argued that other factors, including spontaneous urbanization, also play a significant role. Through this analysis, the underlying socio-environmental complexity that contributed to the socioecological vulnerability and ultimately triggered the landslide in San Gabriel is explored. To conclude with general reflections, highlighting the importance of approaching environmental policy management from a collaborative perspective involving all social sectors.

Abstract The mapping and zoning of high-risk areas are considered tools to deal with natural disasters. Due to the increase in population and disorganized occupation of the territory, the municipality of Iranduba (AM) is subject to various types of risks. The objective of this research was to identify socially vulnerable areas that overlap with environmentally favorable spaces for mass movements, creating a risk map for the occurrence of this phenomenon in the urban area of Iranduba. The determination and analysis of risk were based on the understanding that risk stems from the combination of physical environmental factors (natural hazards) and socio-economic conditions (vulnerability) of the exposed population. The results indicate vulnerability as the main factor determining local risk. highrisk high disasters territory AM (AM risks movements hazards socioeconomic socio economic (vulnerability

Resumen El mapeo y sectorización de áreas de alto riesgo se consideran herramientas para hacer frente a los desastres naturales. Debido al aumento de la población y a la ocupación desordenada del territorio, el municipio de Iranduba (AM) está sujeto a varios tipos de riesgos. El objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar áreas socialmente vulnerables que se superponen con espacios ambientalmente favorables a los movimientos masivos, creando un mapa de riesgo para la ocurrencia de este fenómeno en el área urbana de Iranduba. La determinación y análisis del riesgo se basó en el entendimiento de que él surge de la combinación de factores ambientales físicos (amenazas naturales) y condiciones socioeconómicas (vulnerabilidad) de la población expuesta. Los resultados apuntan a la vulnerabilidad como el principal determinante del riesgo local. naturales territorio AM (AM riesgos masivos amenazas (vulnerabilidad expuesta local

Resumo O mapeamento e setorização de áreas de alto risco são considerados ferramentas para lidar com desastres naturais. Devido ao aumento populacional e à ocupação desordenada do território, o município de Iranduba (AM) está sujeito a diversos tipos de riscos. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar áreas socialmente vulneráveis que se sobrepõem a espaços ambientalmente favoráveis aos movimentos de massa, criando um mapa de risco para a ocorrência deste fenômeno na zona urbana de Iranduba. A determinação e análise do risco basearam-se no entendimento de que o risco decorre da combinação de fatores ambientais físicos (perigos naturais) e condições socioeconómicas (vulnerabilidade) da população exposta. Os resultados apontam a vulnerabilidade como principal fator determinante do risco local. naturais território AM (AM riscos massa basearamse basearam perigos (vulnerabilidade exposta local

Abstract: Menarche marks the beginning of female reproductive cycle and constitutes an important milestone of female growth. Age at menarche varies according to genetic and socio-environmental factors, so it stands as an interesting indicator of biological wellbeing of the population. Based on an initial sample of 445 women from Valparaiso, born in 1851-1895, we examine the impact of socio-environmental factors on age of menarche in a historical context characterized by a strong GDP growth and intense, although uneven, urban development. Although results indicate a tendency for menarche to present itself at increasingly younger ages, this tendency is not statistically significant (p > .05). Factors like rural/urban origin, size of the household and intra-household stress do not seem to affect age of menarche in the sample, characterized by a low socio-economic status. Urban penalty phenomena, typical of early processes of modernization, could be partially explaining the results obtained.

Resumen: La menarquia señala el inicio del periodo reproductivo y constituye un importante marcador del crecimiento humano femenino. La edad en la que se presenta depende de la interacción de factores genéticos y socioambientales, por lo que resulta un interesante indicador del bienestar biológico de las poblaciones. Con una muestra inicial de 445 mujeres residentes en Valparaíso y nacidas entre los años 1851-1895, evaluamos la incidencia de factores socioambientales en la edad de la menarquia en un contexto histórico caracterizado por un fuerte incremento del Producto Interno Bruto y un intenso, pero inarmónico desarrollo urbano. Aunque los resultados muestran una tendencia al adelanto de la edad de menarquia, este no resulta estadísticamente significativo (p > .05). El origen rural/urbano, el tamaño familiar y el estrés intrafamiliar no parecen incidir en la edad de menarquia de la población de la muestra. El fenómeno de penalización urbana podría explicar en parte los resultados.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Arboviruses transmitted by mosquitoes, mainly by those of the Aedes genus, currently constitute a global challenge. Objective: To identify the socio-environmental factors that facilitated the spread of dengue in Cauto Cristo municipality during 2022. Methods: A descriptive, retrospective and cross-sectional study was carried out on the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the 337 patients diagnosed with dengue in Cauto Cristo municipality, Granma province, in 2022. In the analysis, the variables taken into account were sex, people's council, month of the year, infestation rate and risk factors. Results: The people's council with the most cases of dengue was Cauto Cristo Este (42.14%), with 68.30% of the female sex affected; the highest peak of the disease occurred in the period from July to October, in which there were 78.93% of confirmed cases in the year. Two hundred eighty-six positive outbreaks were detected throughout the study period, with high infestation rate. The main risk factors were non-use of repellent (95.54%), followed by the presence of breeding sites in workplaces (71.51%). Conclusions: All popular councils reported cases of dengue, mainly in Cauto Cristo people´s council, with several outbreaks detected and high infestation rate. Among the main risk factors were the non-use of repellent, the presence of breeding sites in workplaces and in or around the home. The largest peak of the disease occurred between July and October 2022.

RESUMEN Introducción: Los arbovirus transmitidos por mosquitos y principalmente por los del género Aedes constituyen, actualmente, un reto a nivel mundial. Objetivo: Identificar los factores socioambientales que facilitaron la propagación del dengue en el municipio Cauto Cristo, durante el año 2022. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y transversal sobre las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de los 337 pacientes diagnosticados con dengue en el municipio Cauto Cristo, provincia Granma, en el año 2022. En el análisis, se tuvieron en cuenta las variables: sexo, consejo popular, mes del año, índice de infestación y factores de riesgo. Resultados: El consejo popular con más casos de dengue fue Cauto Cristo Este (42,14 %), con una afectación del sexo femenino del 68,30 %; el mayor pico de la enfermedad se produjo período de julio a octubre, en el que hubo 78,93 % de los casos confirmados en el año. Se detectaron 286 focos positivos durante todo el período de estudio, con alto índice de infestación. El no uso de repelente (95,54 %), seguido de la presencia de criaderos en centros de trabajo (71,51 %) fueron los principales factores de riesgo. Conclusiones: Todos los consejos populares reportaron casos de dengue, principalmente el consejo popular Cauto Cristo Este, con varios focos detectados y alto índice de infestación. Entre los principales factores de riesgo, se identificaron el no uso de repelente, la presencia de criaderos en centros de trabajo y en la vivienda o sus alrededores. El mayor pico de la enfermedad ocurrió entre julio y octubre de 2022.

ABSTRACT Objective In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, this study aimed to screen mental health disorders in Argentine children and adolescents, and analyze the socio-environmental risk factors for developing them. Method Four hundred ninety-eight (498) children and adolescents were assessed through parents' collateral reports. For the screening of mental health disorders, the Strength and Difficulties Scale (SDQ) was used. Children and adolescents' social and educational conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic were assessed, and their impact on the development of mental health disorders was analyzed through a multiple linear regression model. Results 22.3% of children and adolescents had abnormal scores (>P90) in the global Difficulties scale of the SDQ. Emotional symptoms were the most prevalent. The impact of the pandemic on family life, the number of close friends of children and adolescents, and their school performance, explained 28.4% of the variance in Difficulties scale. Conclusions Mental health problems in children and adolescents take center stage in the pandemic and post-pandemic context. For its approach, it seems essential to provide the most affected families with social and economic support that allow them to reorganize, reduce situations of social isolation of children and adolescents to a minimum, and focus on educational quality.

RESUMEN Objetivos En el contexto general de la pandemia por COVID-19, este estudio tuvo como objetivos realizar un tamizaje de trastornos de salud mental en población de niños, niñas y adolescentes argentinos, y analizar los condicionantes socio-ambientales del desarrollo de estos problemas. Método Se evaluaron 498 niños, niñas y adolescentes (NNyA) a través de informe colateral de sus padres o adultos a cargo. Para el tamizaje de trastornos de salud mental se utilizó la Strenght and Difficulties Scale (SDQ). Se evaluaron las situaciones familiares, sociales y educativas de los NNyA durante la pandemia por COVID-19 y se analizó su efecto en el desarrollo de trastornos de salud mental a través de un modelo de regresión lineal múltiple. Resultados El 22.3% de los NNyA evaluados obtuvo puntuaciones anormales (> P 90) en la escala global de Dificultades del SDQ. Los síntomas emocionales fueron los más prevalentes. El impacto de la pandemia en la vida familiar, la cantidad de amigos íntimos que tenían los NNyA y su desempeño escolar explicaron el 28.4% de la varianza en la escala global de Dificultades. Conclusiones Los problemas de salud mental infanto-juveniles adquieren centralidad en el contexto de pandemia y post-pandemia. Para su abordaje parece fundamental brindar a las familias más afectadas herramientas de contención social y económica que les permitan reorganizarse, reducir al mínimo las situaciones de aislamiento de los NNyA, y volver la mirada sobre la calidad educativa.

Abstract The characteristics of the traditional dwellings of the Weenhayek people in the province of Gran Chaco in Bolivia have evolved from their origins to the present day, preserving in part their cultural constructive properties. However, the value and conservation of these constructive cultural traits have been influenced by sociocultural and economic factors in the region over time. The objective of this study is to systematize the existing conceptions about the characteristics of these traditional houses in the province of Gran Chaco. Through an integrated analysis of theoretical methods and empirical methods, it is evident that through cultural syncretism, that is, transculturation and miscegenation with other cultures that migrated to the region, it has been possible to preserve, maintain, endure and / or sustain its elements and / or traditional cultural constructive features of its culture (Weenhayek), in response to the surrounding socio-environmental economic conditions.

Resumen Las características de las viviendas tradicionales del pueblo Weenhayek en la provincia del Gran Chaco en Bolivia han evolucionado desde sus orígenes hasta nuestros días, conservando en parte sus propiedades constructivas culturales. Sin embargo, el valor y conservación de estos rasgos culturales constructivos se han visto influenciados por factores socioculturales y económicos en la región a través del tiempo. El objetivo del presente estudio fue sistematizar las concepciones existentes sobre las características de estas viviendas tradicionales en la provincia del Gran Chaco. A través de un análisis integrado de métodos teóricos y métodos empíricos se evidencia que, a través del sincretismo cultural, es decir, la transculturación y mestizaje con otras culturas que emigraron a la región, se ha podido conservar, mantener, perdurar y/o sustentar sus elementos y/o rasgos constructivos culturales tradicionales de su cultura (Weenhayek), en respuesta a las condiciones socio-ambientales económicas circundantes.

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar as características socioambientais, funções executivas e nutricionais de crianças de 6 a 7 anos, de escolas públicas de Alagoas, Brasil. Foi realizado um estudo quantitativo, transversal e descritivo envolvendo 64 crianças, na referida faixa etária, de escolas públicas localizadas em Alagoas: Maceió, no litoral; Major Isidoro, no sertão e Palmeira dos Índios, no país. Tais análises foram feitas por meio da aplicação de testes neuropsicológicos e avaliação antropométrica com crianças e inquéritos alimentares e socioambientais com seus pais. Quanto ao tipo de habitação, 100% eram de alvenaria, com banheiro presente em 98,4%. Todas as crianças relataram o hábito de tomar banho no rio / lagoa, apresentavam alguma patologia. Não houve diferença significativa entre os municípios quanto às características sociodemográficas avaliadas, ocorrendo o mesmo resultado com os fatores associados à ocorrência de doenças em crianças. Os subtestes do WISC-IV, ficaram abaixo da média em todos os municípios, e o TAC e SCC foram classificados dentro da média. Porém, mesmo que a classificação tenha sido dividida entre abaixo da média e média, é possível identificar a partir dos subtestes do WISC-IV, que o QI geral apresentou um nível cognitivo abaixo da média. Também não houve diferença significativa na avaliação antropométrica (peso, altura, IMC e AIDPI) entre os alunos avaliados. O peso médio foi de 23,3 kg a 25 kg, a altura entre 1,23 ma 1,24 m, o IMC entre 16,4 a 17; A AIDPI de 2.8 a 3.0. As crianças foram classificadas dentro da média. Em relação aos micronutrientes (Ca, Fe, K, Mg e Na e vitaminas A, C, D, B1, B9 e B12) e calorias, também não houve diferença significativa entre os municípios avaliados. O mesmo ocorreu com os macronutrientes (proteínas, carboidratos e lipídios). Este estudo mostrou que de maneira geral não houve diferença entre os alunos dos três municípios. Provavelmente, mesmo sendo todas escolas públicas e de diferentes cidades, as crianças têm condições sociais semelhantes.

Abstract This study aimed to analyze the socio-environmental characteristics, executive and nutritional functions in children aged 6 to 7 years, from public schools in Alagoas, Brazil. A quantitative, cross-sectional and descriptive study was performed involving 64 children of the mentioned age group, from public schools located in Alagoas: Maceió, on the coast; Major Isidoro, in the hinterland and Palmeira dos Índios, in the country. Such analyzes were made through the application of neuropsychological tests and anthropometric assessment with children and food and socio-environmental surveys with their parents. As for the type of housing, 100% were made of masonry, with a bathroom present in 98.4%. All children reported with the habit of bathing in the river / lagoon, presented some pathology. There was no significant difference between cities in terms of the sociodemographic characteristics evaluated, with the same result occurring with the factors associated with the occurrence of diseases in children. The subtests of WISC-IV, were below the average in all municipalities, and the TAC and SCC were classified within the average. However, even though the ranking were divided between below average and average, it is possible to identify from the subtests of WISC-IV, that the general IQ showed a cognitive level below the average. There was also no significant difference in the anthropometric assessment (weight, height, BMI and IMCI) between the evaluated students. The average weight was 23.3 kg to 25 kg, the height between 1.23 m to 1.24 m, the BMI between 16.4 to 17; the IMCI from 2.8 to 3.0. Children were classified within the average. Regarding micronutrients (Ca, Fe, K, Mg and Na, and vitamins A, C, D, B1, B9 and B12) and calories, there was also no significant difference between the cities evaluated. The same occurred with macronutrients (proteins, carbohydrates and lipids). This study showed that in general there was no difference between the students of the three municipalities. Probably, even though they are all public schools and from different cities, children have similar social conditions.

Abstract The year 2019 brought three such impacts of high socio-environmental proportions in Brazil: the dam collapse in Brumadinho, oil spills on the coast, and fires in the Amazon. We investigated the Brazilian population’s perceptions of the country’s overall environmental situation, the degree to which Brazilians felt affected by these impacts considering personal and social factors, and the entities they held responsible for these disasters. Through Facebook’s social media networks, we disseminated structured online surveys for Brazilian citizens above 18 years. Educational background explained how much the 775 respondents felt affected by the three evaluated events. Age was an explanatory factor for the degree to which the respondents felt affected by the dam collapse, and proximity to the disasters, while income levels were for the dam collapse and the fires in the Amazon. The government, criminal activity, and private companies were considered to be the main responsible for these three impacts. This perception reflects the series of changes in the country’s environmental laws and protections that threaten biodiversity and the environment. 201 socioenvironmental socio Brazil Brumadinho coast Amazon populations population s countrys country situation factors disasters Facebooks Facebook networks 1 years 77 events government activity environment 20 7 2

Resumo O estudo da dinâmica espaço-temporal em qualquer ponto da superfície terrestre é muito importante, permitindo o monitoramento e avaliação dos impactos socioambientais gerados pelas atividades antrópicas. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a dinâmica espaço-temporal das mudanças na cobertura da terra para a Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Cauamé, Roraima, Brasil, para os anos de 1988, 2003 e 2023, com técnicas de Geoprocessamento com imagens Landsat, estimando as áreas que foram afetadas por atividades antrópicas nesse período, analisando também os fatores que estão influenciando essas mudanças. Como resultados obtive a presença de um forte processo de mudança, principalmente as coberturas de savana, substituídas por cultivos e edificações. As savanas ocupavam 72,27% da área total em 1988, diminuindo em 2023 em 60,47% da área total, com uma perda de 37.556 ha. Finalmente, afirma-se que as mudanças na cobertura, os processos de desmatamento e a remoção extensiva da cobertura de savana são produto de atividades antrópicas, devido à pressão que a população está exercendo dentro e fora da área da bacia. espaçotemporal espaço temporal importante Cauamé Roraima Brasil 1988 200 Landsat período mudança edificações 7227 72 27 72,27 202 6047 60 47 60,47 37556 37 556 37.55 ha Finalmente afirmase afirma se bacia 198 20 722 7 2 72,2 604 6 4 60,4 3755 3 55 37.5 19 72, 60, 375 5 37. 1

Abstract The study of spatial -temporal dynamics anywhere on the earth's surface is very important, allowing the monitoring and evaluation of the socio-environmental impacts generated by anthropic activities. The objective of this research was to evaluate the spatial-temporal dynamics of changes in land cover for the Watershed Cauame River, Roraima, Brazil, for the years 1988, 2003 and 2023, with Geoprocessing techniques in Landsat images, estimating the areas that were affected by human activities during this period, also analysing the factors that are influencing these changes. As results we obtained the presence of a strong change process, especially the savanna covers, replaced by crops and buildings. The savannas occupied 72.27% of the total area in 1988, decreasing in 2023 by 60.47% of the total area, with a loss of 37,556 ha. Finally, it is stated that the changes in the coverage, the deforestation processes and the extensive removal of savanna coverage are the product of anthropogenic activities, due to the pressure that the population is exerting inside and outside of the basin area. temporal earths earth s important socioenvironmental socio environmental spatialtemporal River Roraima Brazil 1988 200 images period process covers buildings 7227 72 27 72.27 202 6047 60 47 60.47 37556 37 556 37,55 ha Finally 198 20 722 7 2 72.2 604 6 4 60.4 3755 3 55 37,5 19 72. 60. 375 5 37, 1

Resumen El estudio de la dinámica espacio - temporal en cualquier lugar de la superficie terrestre es muy importante, permitiendo el seguimiento y evaluación de los impactos socioambientales generados por las actividades antrópicas. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la dinámica espacio - temporal de los cambios en las coberturas de la tierra para la Cuenca Hidrográfica del Río Cauamé, Roraima, Brasil, para los años 1988, 2003 y 2023, con técnicas de Geoprocesamiento en imágenes Landsat, estimando las áreas que fueron afectadas por las actividades humanas durante este período, analizando también los factores que están incidiendo en estos cambios. Como resultados obtuvimos la presencia de un fuerte proceso de cambios, especialmente las coberturas de sabanas, sustituidas por cultivos y construcciones. Las sabanas ocupaban para el año 1988 un 72,27 % de la superficie total, disminuyendo en 2023 en 60,47 % de la superficie total, con una pérdida de 37.556 ha., Finalmente, se afirma que los cambios en las coberturas, los procesos de deforestación y la amplia remoción de coberturas de sabanas, son producto de actividades antropogénicas, debido a la presión que la población está ejerciendo dentro y fuera del área de la cuenca. importante antrópicas Cauamé Roraima Brasil 200 Landsat período construcciones 198 7227 72 27 72,2 total 202 6047 60 47 60,4 37556 37 556 37.55 ha ha. Finalmente antropogénicas cuenca 20 19 722 7 2 72, 604 6 4 60, 3755 3 55 37.5 1 375 5 37.