ABSTRACT Introduction: Recurrent dengue outbreaks underscore the need for more effective approaches to vector prevention and control. Often, interventions focus on a biomedical and health promotion approach from an individual approach, without integrating socio-environmental factors or being scientifically evaluated. Objetive: To evaluate the impact of large household waste collection on potential breeding sites of dengue-transmitting mosquitoes in Asuncion, Paraguay during the years 2017 to 2021. Material and methods: Quasi-experimental, longitudinal study, where 350 households were surveyed, as a baseline during 2017 and a closing line in 108 households in 2021. The Difference-in-Difference (DID) method was used to compare the presence of breeding sites before and after the intervention in 43 intervened and 65 non-intervened households. Results: Differentiated collection was mainly used by those households that had a large amount of large solid waste, but not to dispose of all these objects, but only part of them (DID of -52% in the total number of breeding sites and DID of 1% in the number of households with breeding sites). We found a significant reduction in the total number of large breeding sites but did not observe differences in the total number of households with breeding sites. Subjective factors, such as the belief that disused objects could become useful in the future, were largely responsible for the reduction in the number of large breeding sites. Conclusions: The municipal management approach to bulky waste can contribute to dengue prevention because it does not constitute rapidly generated waste in households, and its disposal can have a relatively long-lasting impact. The subjective factors related to the presence of these breeding sites in households warrant further study.

RESUMEN Introducción: Los brotes recurrentes de dengue subrayan la necesidad de abordajes más efectivos en la prevención y control de vectores. A menudo, las intervenciones se centran en un enfoque biomédico y de promoción de la salud desde un enfoque individual, sin integrar factores socioambientales ni ser evaluados científicamente Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto de la recolección de residuos domésticos de gran tamaño sobre potenciales criaderos de mosquitos transmisores del dengue en Asunción, Paraguay durante los años 2017 a 2021. Material y métodos: Estudio cuasiexperimental, longitudinal, donde se encuestaron 350 hogares, como línea de base durante el 2017 y una línea de cierre en 108 hogares en 2021. Se utilizó el método de Diferencia en Diferencia (DID) para comparar la presencia de criaderos antes y después de la intervención en 43 hogares intervenidos y 65 no intervenidos. Resultados: La recolección diferenciada fue utilizada principalmente por aquellos hogares que tenían una gran cantidad de residuos sólidos de gran tamaño, pero no para deshacerse de todos estos objetos, sino sólo de una parte (DID de -52% en el número total de criaderos y DID de 1% en número de hogares con criaderos). Encontramos una reducción significativa en el número de total de criaderos de gran tamaño, pero no observamos diferencias en el número total de hogares con criaderos. Factores subjetivos, como la creencia de que los objetos en desuso podrían llegar a ser útiles en el futuro explicaban en gran medida su presencia en los hogares, incluso con el servicio disponible. Conclusiones: El enfoque de la gestión municipal en los residuos voluminosos puede contribuir a la prevención del dengue por el hecho de que no constituyen residuos de generación rápida en los hogares, y su eliminación puede tener un impacto relativamente duradero. El factor subjetivo relacionado con la presencia de estos criaderos en los hogares debe ser objeto de mayores estudios.

Abstract: The milpa landscape is a territory where there is a close relationship between the Mayan populations and the forest manifested in agroecosystem management strategies such as: the milpa, the home garden and the secondary vegetation. The milpa landscape faces multiple socio-environmental pressures that require transdisciplinary analytical frameworks that allow its comprehensive understanding. The objective of this work is to analyze through variables that allow us to deepen into the socioecological relationships established by the human and biophysical components of southern Yucatán. The framework of socio-ecological systems was used, for its operationalization secondary information was reviewed and 257 surveys were applied in two municipalities. The results show that socioecological relationships are influenced by aspects of governance and land tenure. The milpa system prevails in livelihoods, but coexists with factors such as the loss of the Mayan language, the low generational change, the market economy, the high prevalence of agrochemicals and weather patterns. It is proposed that efforts based on the revaluation of the milpa, the participatory integration of knowledge and the development of adaptive governance schemes could have positive repercussions on sustainability if this biocultural landscape. Abstract vegetation socioenvironmental socio environmental understanding Yucatán ecological used 25 municipalities tenure livelihoods language change economy patterns 2

Resumen: El paisaje milpa es un territorio con una marcada relación entre las poblaciones mayas y las selvas que se manifiestan en estrategias de manejo de los agroecosistemas locales: la milpa, el huerto familiar y la vegetación secundaria. El paisaje milpa enfrenta múltiples presiones socioambientales que requieren de marcos analíticos transdiciplinarios que permitan su comprensión integral. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar en las interacciones que establecen los componentes humanos y biofísicos. Se utilizó el marco de sistemas socioecológicos, para su operacionalización se revisó información secundaria y se aplicaron 257 encuestas en dos municipios. Los resultados muestran que las relaciones socioecológicas son influenciadas por aspectos de gobernanza y la tenencia de la tierra. El sistema milpa prevalece en los medios de vida, pero coexistiendo con factores que amenazan su estabilidad como la pérdida de la lengua maya, el bajo relevo generacional, la economía de mercado, el alto empleo de agroquímicos y los patrones climáticos. Se concluye que esfuerzos basados en la revalorización de la milpa, la integración participativa de conocimientos y el desarrollo de esquemas de gobernanza adaptativa podrían repercutir positivamente en la sostenibilidad de este paisaje cultural. Resumen locales integral biofísicos socioecológicos 25 municipios tierra vida maya generacional mercado climáticos cultural 2

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Pain generates negative consequences in the personal and social life of individuals. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between musculoskeletal pain and individual and contextual aspects in adults in the south of Brazil. METHODS: Cross-sectional analysis of a population-based cohort study (n=571). Musculoskeletal pain was assessed using the adapted and translated version for Brazil of the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ). In the multivariable analysis, the variables were adjusted for each other taking into account the two levels: contextual and individual. RESULTS: The prevalence of musculoskeletal pain was 71.1% (95% CI: 66.4-75.4). In the adjusted analysis, the following were associated with greater musculoskeletal pain at the contextual level: lower income, lower social support from the neighborhood and lower social action. At the individual level, sex (female), older age, lower education, lower social support and morbidities (≥ 3) were associated. CONCLUSION: The present research findings showed a high prevalence of musculoskeletal pain. Social action at the contextual level remained in the model after adjustment, this association suggests the contribution of socio-environmental factors to health outcomes. OBJECTIVES individuals METHODS Crosssectional Cross sectional populationbased population based n=571. n571 n n=571 . 571 (n=571) NMQ. NMQ (NMQ) levels RESULTS 711 71 1 71.1 95% 95 (95 CI 66.475.4. 664754 66.4 75.4 66 4 75 66.4-75.4) income female, female , (female) age education ≥ ( 3 CONCLUSION adjustment socioenvironmental socio environmental outcomes n57 n=57 57 (n=571 (NMQ 7 71. 9 (9 475 66.475.4 66475 664 66. 754 75. 6 66.4-75.4 (female n5 n=5 5 (n=57 47 66.475. 6647 66.4-75. n= (n=5 66.475 66.4-75 (n= 66.47 66.4-7 (n 66.4-

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A dor gera consequências negativas na vida pessoal e social dos indivíduos. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a associação entre dor osteomuscular e aspectos individuais e contextuais em adultos do sul do Brasil. MÉTODOS: Análise transversal de um estudo de coorte de base populacional (n=571). A dor osteomuscular foi avaliada através da versão adaptada e traduzida para o Brasil do Questionário Nórdico de Sintomas Osteomusculares (QNSO). Na análise multivariável, as variáveis foram ajustadas entre si levando em consideração os dois níveis: contextual e individual. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de dor osteomuscular foi de 71,1% (IC 95%:66,4-75,4). Na análise ajustada estiveram associados a maior dor osteomuscular em nível contextual: menor renda, menor apoio social da vizinhança e menor ação social. Em nível individual estiveram associados o sexo (feminino), maior idade, menor escolaridade, menor apoio social e morbidades (≥3). CONCLUSÃO: Os achados desta pesquisa evidenciaram alta prevalência de dor osteomuscular. A ação social no nível contextual permaneceu no modelo após ajustamento, essa associação sugere a contribuição dos fatores socioambientais em desfechos de saúde. OBJETIVOS indivíduos MÉTODOS n=571. n571 n n=571 . 571 (n=571) QNSO. QNSO (QNSO) multivariável níveis RESULTADOS 711 71 1 71,1 IC 95%66,475,4. 95664754 95% 66,4 75,4 95 66 4 75 95%:66,4-75,4) renda feminino, feminino , (feminino) idade escolaridade ≥3. 3 ≥3 (≥3) CONCLUSÃO ajustamento saúde n57 n=57 57 (n=571 (QNSO 7 71, 475 95%66,475,4 9566475 664 66, 754 75, 9 6 95%:66,4-75,4 (feminino ≥ (≥3 n5 n=5 5 (n=57 47 95%66,475, 956647 95%:66,4-75, (≥ n= (n=5 95%66,475 95664 95%:66,4-75 ( (n= 95%66,47 9566 95%:66,4-7 (n 95%66,4 956 95%:66,4- 95%66, 95%:66,4 95%66 95%:66, 95%6 95%:66 95%:6 95%:

Abstract The mapping and zoning of high-risk areas are considered tools to deal with natural disasters. Due to the increase in population and disorganized occupation of the territory, the municipality of Iranduba (AM) is subject to various types of risks. The objective of this research was to identify socially vulnerable areas that overlap with environmentally favorable spaces for mass movements, creating a risk map for the occurrence of this phenomenon in the urban area of Iranduba. The determination and analysis of risk were based on the understanding that risk stems from the combination of physical environmental factors (natural hazards) and socio-economic conditions (vulnerability) of the exposed population. The results indicate vulnerability as the main factor determining local risk. highrisk high disasters territory AM (AM risks movements hazards socioeconomic socio economic (vulnerability

Resumen El mapeo y sectorización de áreas de alto riesgo se consideran herramientas para hacer frente a los desastres naturales. Debido al aumento de la población y a la ocupación desordenada del territorio, el municipio de Iranduba (AM) está sujeto a varios tipos de riesgos. El objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar áreas socialmente vulnerables que se superponen con espacios ambientalmente favorables a los movimientos masivos, creando un mapa de riesgo para la ocurrencia de este fenómeno en el área urbana de Iranduba. La determinación y análisis del riesgo se basó en el entendimiento de que él surge de la combinación de factores ambientales físicos (amenazas naturales) y condiciones socioeconómicas (vulnerabilidad) de la población expuesta. Los resultados apuntan a la vulnerabilidad como el principal determinante del riesgo local. naturales territorio AM (AM riesgos masivos amenazas (vulnerabilidad expuesta local

Resumo O mapeamento e setorização de áreas de alto risco são considerados ferramentas para lidar com desastres naturais. Devido ao aumento populacional e à ocupação desordenada do território, o município de Iranduba (AM) está sujeito a diversos tipos de riscos. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar áreas socialmente vulneráveis que se sobrepõem a espaços ambientalmente favoráveis aos movimentos de massa, criando um mapa de risco para a ocorrência deste fenômeno na zona urbana de Iranduba. A determinação e análise do risco basearam-se no entendimento de que o risco decorre da combinação de fatores ambientais físicos (perigos naturais) e condições socioeconómicas (vulnerabilidade) da população exposta. Os resultados apontam a vulnerabilidade como principal fator determinante do risco local. naturais território AM (AM riscos massa basearamse basearam perigos (vulnerabilidade exposta local

Abstract: Menarche marks the beginning of female reproductive cycle and constitutes an important milestone of female growth. Age at menarche varies according to genetic and socio-environmental factors, so it stands as an interesting indicator of biological wellbeing of the population. Based on an initial sample of 445 women from Valparaiso, born in 1851-1895, we examine the impact of socio-environmental factors on age of menarche in a historical context characterized by a strong GDP growth and intense, although uneven, urban development. Although results indicate a tendency for menarche to present itself at increasingly younger ages, this tendency is not statistically significant (p > .05). Factors like rural/urban origin, size of the household and intra-household stress do not seem to affect age of menarche in the sample, characterized by a low socio-economic status. Urban penalty phenomena, typical of early processes of modernization, could be partially explaining the results obtained.

Resumen: La menarquia señala el inicio del periodo reproductivo y constituye un importante marcador del crecimiento humano femenino. La edad en la que se presenta depende de la interacción de factores genéticos y socioambientales, por lo que resulta un interesante indicador del bienestar biológico de las poblaciones. Con una muestra inicial de 445 mujeres residentes en Valparaíso y nacidas entre los años 1851-1895, evaluamos la incidencia de factores socioambientales en la edad de la menarquia en un contexto histórico caracterizado por un fuerte incremento del Producto Interno Bruto y un intenso, pero inarmónico desarrollo urbano. Aunque los resultados muestran una tendencia al adelanto de la edad de menarquia, este no resulta estadísticamente significativo (p > .05). El origen rural/urbano, el tamaño familiar y el estrés intrafamiliar no parecen incidir en la edad de menarquia de la población de la muestra. El fenómeno de penalización urbana podría explicar en parte los resultados.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Arboviruses transmitted by mosquitoes, mainly by those of the Aedes genus, currently constitute a global challenge. Objective: To identify the socio-environmental factors that facilitated the spread of dengue in Cauto Cristo municipality during 2022. Methods: A descriptive, retrospective and cross-sectional study was carried out on the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the 337 patients diagnosed with dengue in Cauto Cristo municipality, Granma province, in 2022. In the analysis, the variables taken into account were sex, people's council, month of the year, infestation rate and risk factors. Results: The people's council with the most cases of dengue was Cauto Cristo Este (42.14%), with 68.30% of the female sex affected; the highest peak of the disease occurred in the period from July to October, in which there were 78.93% of confirmed cases in the year. Two hundred eighty-six positive outbreaks were detected throughout the study period, with high infestation rate. The main risk factors were non-use of repellent (95.54%), followed by the presence of breeding sites in workplaces (71.51%). Conclusions: All popular councils reported cases of dengue, mainly in Cauto Cristo people´s council, with several outbreaks detected and high infestation rate. Among the main risk factors were the non-use of repellent, the presence of breeding sites in workplaces and in or around the home. The largest peak of the disease occurred between July and October 2022.

RESUMEN Introducción: Los arbovirus transmitidos por mosquitos y principalmente por los del género Aedes constituyen, actualmente, un reto a nivel mundial. Objetivo: Identificar los factores socioambientales que facilitaron la propagación del dengue en el municipio Cauto Cristo, durante el año 2022. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y transversal sobre las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de los 337 pacientes diagnosticados con dengue en el municipio Cauto Cristo, provincia Granma, en el año 2022. En el análisis, se tuvieron en cuenta las variables: sexo, consejo popular, mes del año, índice de infestación y factores de riesgo. Resultados: El consejo popular con más casos de dengue fue Cauto Cristo Este (42,14 %), con una afectación del sexo femenino del 68,30 %; el mayor pico de la enfermedad se produjo período de julio a octubre, en el que hubo 78,93 % de los casos confirmados en el año. Se detectaron 286 focos positivos durante todo el período de estudio, con alto índice de infestación. El no uso de repelente (95,54 %), seguido de la presencia de criaderos en centros de trabajo (71,51 %) fueron los principales factores de riesgo. Conclusiones: Todos los consejos populares reportaron casos de dengue, principalmente el consejo popular Cauto Cristo Este, con varios focos detectados y alto índice de infestación. Entre los principales factores de riesgo, se identificaron el no uso de repelente, la presencia de criaderos en centros de trabajo y en la vivienda o sus alrededores. El mayor pico de la enfermedad ocurrió entre julio y octubre de 2022.

ABSTRACT Objective In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, this study aimed to screen mental health disorders in Argentine children and adolescents, and analyze the socio-environmental risk factors for developing them. Method Four hundred ninety-eight (498) children and adolescents were assessed through parents' collateral reports. For the screening of mental health disorders, the Strength and Difficulties Scale (SDQ) was used. Children and adolescents' social and educational conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic were assessed, and their impact on the development of mental health disorders was analyzed through a multiple linear regression model. Results 22.3% of children and adolescents had abnormal scores (>P90) in the global Difficulties scale of the SDQ. Emotional symptoms were the most prevalent. The impact of the pandemic on family life, the number of close friends of children and adolescents, and their school performance, explained 28.4% of the variance in Difficulties scale. Conclusions Mental health problems in children and adolescents take center stage in the pandemic and post-pandemic context. For its approach, it seems essential to provide the most affected families with social and economic support that allow them to reorganize, reduce situations of social isolation of children and adolescents to a minimum, and focus on educational quality.

RESUMEN Objetivos En el contexto general de la pandemia por COVID-19, este estudio tuvo como objetivos realizar un tamizaje de trastornos de salud mental en población de niños, niñas y adolescentes argentinos, y analizar los condicionantes socio-ambientales del desarrollo de estos problemas. Método Se evaluaron 498 niños, niñas y adolescentes (NNyA) a través de informe colateral de sus padres o adultos a cargo. Para el tamizaje de trastornos de salud mental se utilizó la Strenght and Difficulties Scale (SDQ). Se evaluaron las situaciones familiares, sociales y educativas de los NNyA durante la pandemia por COVID-19 y se analizó su efecto en el desarrollo de trastornos de salud mental a través de un modelo de regresión lineal múltiple. Resultados El 22.3% de los NNyA evaluados obtuvo puntuaciones anormales (> P 90) en la escala global de Dificultades del SDQ. Los síntomas emocionales fueron los más prevalentes. El impacto de la pandemia en la vida familiar, la cantidad de amigos íntimos que tenían los NNyA y su desempeño escolar explicaron el 28.4% de la varianza en la escala global de Dificultades. Conclusiones Los problemas de salud mental infanto-juveniles adquieren centralidad en el contexto de pandemia y post-pandemia. Para su abordaje parece fundamental brindar a las familias más afectadas herramientas de contención social y económica que les permitan reorganizarse, reducir al mínimo las situaciones de aislamiento de los NNyA, y volver la mirada sobre la calidad educativa.

Abstract The characteristics of the traditional dwellings of the Weenhayek people in the province of Gran Chaco in Bolivia have evolved from their origins to the present day, preserving in part their cultural constructive properties. However, the value and conservation of these constructive cultural traits have been influenced by sociocultural and economic factors in the region over time. The objective of this study is to systematize the existing conceptions about the characteristics of these traditional houses in the province of Gran Chaco. Through an integrated analysis of theoretical methods and empirical methods, it is evident that through cultural syncretism, that is, transculturation and miscegenation with other cultures that migrated to the region, it has been possible to preserve, maintain, endure and / or sustain its elements and / or traditional cultural constructive features of its culture (Weenhayek), in response to the surrounding socio-environmental economic conditions.

Resumen Las características de las viviendas tradicionales del pueblo Weenhayek en la provincia del Gran Chaco en Bolivia han evolucionado desde sus orígenes hasta nuestros días, conservando en parte sus propiedades constructivas culturales. Sin embargo, el valor y conservación de estos rasgos culturales constructivos se han visto influenciados por factores socioculturales y económicos en la región a través del tiempo. El objetivo del presente estudio fue sistematizar las concepciones existentes sobre las características de estas viviendas tradicionales en la provincia del Gran Chaco. A través de un análisis integrado de métodos teóricos y métodos empíricos se evidencia que, a través del sincretismo cultural, es decir, la transculturación y mestizaje con otras culturas que emigraron a la región, se ha podido conservar, mantener, perdurar y/o sustentar sus elementos y/o rasgos constructivos culturales tradicionales de su cultura (Weenhayek), en respuesta a las condiciones socio-ambientales económicas circundantes.

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar as características socioambientais, funções executivas e nutricionais de crianças de 6 a 7 anos, de escolas públicas de Alagoas, Brasil. Foi realizado um estudo quantitativo, transversal e descritivo envolvendo 64 crianças, na referida faixa etária, de escolas públicas localizadas em Alagoas: Maceió, no litoral; Major Isidoro, no sertão e Palmeira dos Índios, no país. Tais análises foram feitas por meio da aplicação de testes neuropsicológicos e avaliação antropométrica com crianças e inquéritos alimentares e socioambientais com seus pais. Quanto ao tipo de habitação, 100% eram de alvenaria, com banheiro presente em 98,4%. Todas as crianças relataram o hábito de tomar banho no rio / lagoa, apresentavam alguma patologia. Não houve diferença significativa entre os municípios quanto às características sociodemográficas avaliadas, ocorrendo o mesmo resultado com os fatores associados à ocorrência de doenças em crianças. Os subtestes do WISC-IV, ficaram abaixo da média em todos os municípios, e o TAC e SCC foram classificados dentro da média. Porém, mesmo que a classificação tenha sido dividida entre abaixo da média e média, é possível identificar a partir dos subtestes do WISC-IV, que o QI geral apresentou um nível cognitivo abaixo da média. Também não houve diferença significativa na avaliação antropométrica (peso, altura, IMC e AIDPI) entre os alunos avaliados. O peso médio foi de 23,3 kg a 25 kg, a altura entre 1,23 ma 1,24 m, o IMC entre 16,4 a 17; A AIDPI de 2.8 a 3.0. As crianças foram classificadas dentro da média. Em relação aos micronutrientes (Ca, Fe, K, Mg e Na e vitaminas A, C, D, B1, B9 e B12) e calorias, também não houve diferença significativa entre os municípios avaliados. O mesmo ocorreu com os macronutrientes (proteínas, carboidratos e lipídios). Este estudo mostrou que de maneira geral não houve diferença entre os alunos dos três municípios. Provavelmente, mesmo sendo todas escolas públicas e de diferentes cidades, as crianças têm condições sociais semelhantes.

Abstract This study aimed to analyze the socio-environmental characteristics, executive and nutritional functions in children aged 6 to 7 years, from public schools in Alagoas, Brazil. A quantitative, cross-sectional and descriptive study was performed involving 64 children of the mentioned age group, from public schools located in Alagoas: Maceió, on the coast; Major Isidoro, in the hinterland and Palmeira dos Índios, in the country. Such analyzes were made through the application of neuropsychological tests and anthropometric assessment with children and food and socio-environmental surveys with their parents. As for the type of housing, 100% were made of masonry, with a bathroom present in 98.4%. All children reported with the habit of bathing in the river / lagoon, presented some pathology. There was no significant difference between cities in terms of the sociodemographic characteristics evaluated, with the same result occurring with the factors associated with the occurrence of diseases in children. The subtests of WISC-IV, were below the average in all municipalities, and the TAC and SCC were classified within the average. However, even though the ranking were divided between below average and average, it is possible to identify from the subtests of WISC-IV, that the general IQ showed a cognitive level below the average. There was also no significant difference in the anthropometric assessment (weight, height, BMI and IMCI) between the evaluated students. The average weight was 23.3 kg to 25 kg, the height between 1.23 m to 1.24 m, the BMI between 16.4 to 17; the IMCI from 2.8 to 3.0. Children were classified within the average. Regarding micronutrients (Ca, Fe, K, Mg and Na, and vitamins A, C, D, B1, B9 and B12) and calories, there was also no significant difference between the cities evaluated. The same occurred with macronutrients (proteins, carbohydrates and lipids). This study showed that in general there was no difference between the students of the three municipalities. Probably, even though they are all public schools and from different cities, children have similar social conditions.

Abstract The year 2019 brought three such impacts of high socio-environmental proportions in Brazil: the dam collapse in Brumadinho, oil spills on the coast, and fires in the Amazon. We investigated the Brazilian population’s perceptions of the country’s overall environmental situation, the degree to which Brazilians felt affected by these impacts considering personal and social factors, and the entities they held responsible for these disasters. Through Facebook’s social media networks, we disseminated structured online surveys for Brazilian citizens above 18 years. Educational background explained how much the 775 respondents felt affected by the three evaluated events. Age was an explanatory factor for the degree to which the respondents felt affected by the dam collapse, and proximity to the disasters, while income levels were for the dam collapse and the fires in the Amazon. The government, criminal activity, and private companies were considered to be the main responsible for these three impacts. This perception reflects the series of changes in the country’s environmental laws and protections that threaten biodiversity and the environment. 201 socioenvironmental socio Brazil Brumadinho coast Amazon populations population s countrys country situation factors disasters Facebooks Facebook networks 1 years 77 events government activity environment 20 7 2

RESUMO No Brasil, parcela significativa dos investimentos recentes em projetos de infraestrutura tem como foco a construção de usinas hidrelétricas na região Amazônica. A execução dessas obras requer robustas capacidades estatais, existindo fragilidades estatais para atender às demandas socioambientais de grupos vulneráveis afetados por esses empreendimentos. Este artigo examina a incorporação dessas demandas no processo decisório e de implementação da usina de Belo Monte, localizada no Estado do Pará. Para tal, partimos de uma concepção de capacidade estatal que a relaciona com o processamento de diversos interesses pelas burocracias estatais. O modelo de análise define três dimensões de capacidades estatais – participativa, decisória, e de coordenação intersetorial –, cuja construção é influenciada pelos arranjos institucionais, legado histórico-institucional e padrão relacional entre burocracias e grupos sociais. Os procedimentos metodológicos incluem análise de redes sociais; pesquisa documental; e entrevistas com atores-chave. Conclui que as condições que influenciam a construção de capacidades estatais alcançam as burocracias estatais de forma heterogênea, o que dificulta a incorporação das demandas socioambientais das populações vulneráveis.

ABSTRACT Recently, in Brazil, a considerable amount of the infrastructure investment is directed towards the construction of hydroelectric plants in the Amazon region. The implementation of these projects requires strong State capacity. However, there are shortcomings related to State’s abilities and resources to meet the socio-environmental demands of vulnerable groups that these ventures affect. This article examines the incorporation of these demands in the decision-making and implementation process of the Belo Monte plant, located in the State of Pará. To this end, we mobilize a State capacity approach that considers the bureaucracy skills to process multiple demands. We use an analytical framework that incorporates three dimensions of State capacity – participatory, decision-making and intersectoral coordination –, whose construction is influenced by institutional arrangement, historical legacies and relational pattern between bureaucracies and social groups. The methodological procedures combine social networks analysis, documentary research, and interviews with key players. We conclude that the factors that influence the construction of State capacity reach bureaucracies asymmetrically, which hinders the incorporation of socio-environmental demands of vulnerable groups.

RESUMEN En Brasil, una parte importante de las inversiones recientes en proyectos de infraestructura se ha centrado en la construcción de centrales hidroeléctricas en la región Amazónica. La ejecución de estos proyectos requiere sólidas capacidades estatales, y existen debilidades estatales para atender las demandas socioambientales de los grupos vulnerables afectados por estos emprendimientos. Este artículo examina la incorporación de estas demandas en el proceso de toma de decisiones y en la ejecución de la presa de Belo Monte, situada en el estado de Pará. Para ello, partimos de una concepción de la capacidad estatal que la relaciona con el procesamiento de diversos intereses por parte de las burocracias estatales. El modelo de análisis define tres dimensiones de capacidades estatales – participación, toma de decisiones y coordinación intersectorial – en cuya construcción influyen los arreglos institucionales, el legado histórico-institucional y el estándar relacional entre las burocracias y los grupos sociales. Los procedimientos metodológicos incluyen el análisis de redes sociales; la investigación documental; y las entrevistas con los actores clave. Se concluye que las condiciones que influyen en la construcción de las capacidades estatales llegan a las burocracias estatales de manera heterogénea, lo que dificulta la incorporación de las demandas socioambientales de las poblaciones vulnerables.

RÉSUMÉ Au Brésil, une partie importante des investissements récents dans des projets d’infrastructure est axée sur la construction de centrales hydroélectriques dans la région amazonienne. L’exécution de ces travaux nécessite des capacités étatiques robustes, et il existe des faiblesses étatiques pour répondre aux demandes socio-environnementales des groupes vulnérables affectés par ces projets. Cet article examine l’incorporation de ces demandes dans le processus de prise de décision et de mise en ½uvre de l’usine de Belo Monte, située dans l’état du Pará. À cette fin, nous partons d’une conception de la capacité de l’État qui la relie au traitement des divers intérêts par les bureaucraties étatiques. Le modèle d’analyse définit trois dimensions des capacités de l’État – participative, décisionnelle et de coordination intersectorielle –, dont la construction est influencée par les arrangements institutionnels, l’héritage historique-institutionnel et le modèle relationnel entre les bureaucraties et les groupes sociaux. Les procédures méthodologiques comprennent l’analyse des réseaux sociaux ; la recherche documentaire; et des entretiens avec des acteurs-clés. Il conclut que les conditions qui influencent la construction des capacités de l’État atteignent les bureaucraties étatiques de manière hétérogène, ce qui rend difficile l’intégration des demandes socio-environnementales des populations vulnérables.

Resumo O estudo da dinâmica espaço-temporal em qualquer ponto da superfície terrestre é muito importante, permitindo o monitoramento e avaliação dos impactos socioambientais gerados pelas atividades antrópicas. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a dinâmica espaço-temporal das mudanças na cobertura da terra para a Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Cauamé, Roraima, Brasil, para os anos de 1988, 2003 e 2023, com técnicas de Geoprocessamento com imagens Landsat, estimando as áreas que foram afetadas por atividades antrópicas nesse período, analisando também os fatores que estão influenciando essas mudanças. Como resultados obtive a presença de um forte processo de mudança, principalmente as coberturas de savana, substituídas por cultivos e edificações. As savanas ocupavam 72,27% da área total em 1988, diminuindo em 2023 em 60,47% da área total, com uma perda de 37.556 ha. Finalmente, afirma-se que as mudanças na cobertura, os processos de desmatamento e a remoção extensiva da cobertura de savana são produto de atividades antrópicas, devido à pressão que a população está exercendo dentro e fora da área da bacia. espaçotemporal espaço temporal importante Cauamé Roraima Brasil 1988 200 Landsat período mudança edificações 7227 72 27 72,27 202 6047 60 47 60,47 37556 37 556 37.55 ha Finalmente afirmase afirma se bacia 198 20 722 7 2 72,2 604 6 4 60,4 3755 3 55 37.5 19 72, 60, 375 5 37. 1

Abstract The study of spatial -temporal dynamics anywhere on the earth's surface is very important, allowing the monitoring and evaluation of the socio-environmental impacts generated by anthropic activities. The objective of this research was to evaluate the spatial-temporal dynamics of changes in land cover for the Watershed Cauame River, Roraima, Brazil, for the years 1988, 2003 and 2023, with Geoprocessing techniques in Landsat images, estimating the areas that were affected by human activities during this period, also analysing the factors that are influencing these changes. As results we obtained the presence of a strong change process, especially the savanna covers, replaced by crops and buildings. The savannas occupied 72.27% of the total area in 1988, decreasing in 2023 by 60.47% of the total area, with a loss of 37,556 ha. Finally, it is stated that the changes in the coverage, the deforestation processes and the extensive removal of savanna coverage are the product of anthropogenic activities, due to the pressure that the population is exerting inside and outside of the basin area. temporal earths earth s important socioenvironmental socio environmental spatialtemporal River Roraima Brazil 1988 200 images period process covers buildings 7227 72 27 72.27 202 6047 60 47 60.47 37556 37 556 37,55 ha Finally 198 20 722 7 2 72.2 604 6 4 60.4 3755 3 55 37,5 19 72. 60. 375 5 37, 1

Resumen El estudio de la dinámica espacio - temporal en cualquier lugar de la superficie terrestre es muy importante, permitiendo el seguimiento y evaluación de los impactos socioambientales generados por las actividades antrópicas. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la dinámica espacio - temporal de los cambios en las coberturas de la tierra para la Cuenca Hidrográfica del Río Cauamé, Roraima, Brasil, para los años 1988, 2003 y 2023, con técnicas de Geoprocesamiento en imágenes Landsat, estimando las áreas que fueron afectadas por las actividades humanas durante este período, analizando también los factores que están incidiendo en estos cambios. Como resultados obtuvimos la presencia de un fuerte proceso de cambios, especialmente las coberturas de sabanas, sustituidas por cultivos y construcciones. Las sabanas ocupaban para el año 1988 un 72,27 % de la superficie total, disminuyendo en 2023 en 60,47 % de la superficie total, con una pérdida de 37.556 ha., Finalmente, se afirma que los cambios en las coberturas, los procesos de deforestación y la amplia remoción de coberturas de sabanas, son producto de actividades antropogénicas, debido a la presión que la población está ejerciendo dentro y fuera del área de la cuenca. importante antrópicas Cauamé Roraima Brasil 200 Landsat período construcciones 198 7227 72 27 72,2 total 202 6047 60 47 60,4 37556 37 556 37.55 ha ha. Finalmente antropogénicas cuenca 20 19 722 7 2 72, 604 6 4 60, 3755 3 55 37.5 1 375 5 37.

Abstract In Argentina there has been a growing conflict about the use of pesticides and their impacts, mainly with regard to the air compartment and areas with close proximity between agricultural and residential land uses. The present study focuses on this problem in Oro Verde (Entre Ríos, Argentina) using the case study methodology. The aim was to examine the use of agricultural pesticides in urban-rural interface areas as a factor considered problematic by the local population and that affects the air quality in the locality analyzed. The study was conducted in 2016/2018, with a mixed methodological approach. The analysis of perception of the urban population through surveys and interviews with inhabitants who consider themselves affected showed that a large proportion of them identify this problem, emphasizing impacts on the air, and consider it unresolved. Although interviewees mentioned the proximity of the houses to the spraying as an important factor, they also considered that there are other routes of entry of pesticides, for which other solutions are necessary. Determinations of the herbicide glyphosate (GLP) and its metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) in atmospheric deposition (15 sites- three sampling periods) showed their presence in both urban and rural areas, in 60% of the sampling sites. The second sampling period showed higher amounts of GLP+AMPA than the first (11.82 µg/m²/15 days). The differences were not attributable to the proximity to agricultural areas, so other factors determining their emission and environmental dynamics should be discussed. The integration and analysis of the population’s viewpoints of and environmental measurements are considered necessary to address socio-environmental problems and generate knowledge that can contribute to local planning and development.

Resumen En los últimos años se evidencia en Argentina una creciente conflictividad respecto al uso de plaguicidas y sus impactos, fundamentalmente en lo referido al compartimento aire y a las áreas de interfase urbano-rural con cercanía de usos del suelo agropecuario y residencial. Esta problemática fue analizada en la localidad de Oro Verde (Entre Ríos, Argentina) mediante la metodología de estudio de caso. El objetivo fue analizar el uso de plaguicidas agrícolas en las zonas de interfase urbano-rural como un factor que se constituye en un problema para la población y que afecta la calidad de aire en la localidad. Se llevó a cabo en el periodo 2016/2018 y presenta un enfoque metodológico mixto. El relevamiento y análisis de percepción a la población urbana mediante encuestas y entrevistas evidenció que una gran proporción identifica esta problemática, enfatizando los impactos en el aire e incluso consideran que la misma no se encuentra solucionada. Si bien el factor “cercanía de las viviendas con respecto a las pulverizaciones” se remarca como un importante riesgo, se considera que existen otras vías de ingreso de plaguicidas, para lo cual son necesarias otras soluciones. Las determinaciones del herbicida glifosato (GLP) y su metabolito aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) en la depositación atmosférica (15 sitios-tres periodos de muestreo) mostraron su presencia en este compartimento en zonas urbanas y rurales, con un 60% de sitios con detección. El segundo periodo present mayor carga de GLP+AMPA respecto al primer periodo (11,82 µg/m²/15 días). Al no encontrarse diferencias atribuibles a la cercanía con zonas agrícolas, se abre la discusión respecto de otros factores que se encuentran determinando su emisión y dinámica ambiental y frente a lo cual adquieren relevancia los puntos de vistas expuestos por la población. La integración y análisis de estos aspectos se considera necesario al abordar problemáticas socioambientales, generando conocimientos que luego puedan aportar a la planificación y desarrollo local.

Abstract The study of extractivism is relevant in Latin America; there is a broad debate on the social and environmental processes it produces in the territories. Latin American governments highlight the high levels registered by the macroeconomic indicators of the activity; at the same time, academic studies argue that mining promotes economic development and contributes to poverty reduction in the areas where it is implemented. However, this paper argues that mining extractivism leads to the private concentration of wealth and the proliferation of socioenvironmental conflicts. A case study of Chile is proposed as a country specialized in copper extractivism. From 1995 to 2020 the value of copper exports grew 466%. However, what appears to be an economic success is overshadowed by the enormous number of socio-environmental conflicts associated with mining: Chile is the country with the second highest number of conflicts in Latin America. There is still little research on the distribution of wealth and the territorial pressures on extraction sites. While there are studies on the distribution of mining rents in Latin America (Zerene et al., 2018; Leiva, 2020; Jorrat, 2021), most are based on perspectives from economic theory focused on improving the forms of rent distribution, while the environmental dimension and factors influencing the political economy of extractivism have received less attention. The aim of the text is to study mining extractivism in Chile between 2001 and 2020 from a socio-environmental framework, in order to analyze the way in which mining promotes private concentration of wealth and the generation of socio-environmental conflicts. The political economy of natural resources and ecological economics are the theoretical underpinning of the study. Through a review of specialized literature and an analysis of variables with descriptive statistics, the relationship between extractivism, private concentration of wealth and socio-environmental conflicts was analyzed. The variables analyzed make it possible to identify and evaluate the copper trade surplus or deficit, the annual evolution of the total foreign currency generated by copper exports, the economic relevance of the value of copper exports in total exports and its annual evolution, the annual evolution of the contribution of copper to the national GDP, the annual evolution of tax revenues generated by copper extraction, the distribution of copper extraction between private and state mining, the variation in the standard of living of the communities where the main copper mining projects are located, the annual evolution of the material surplus or deficit of the copper trade, the annual evolution of the territorial pressures generated by mineral extraction through waste rock, and the number and characteristics of mining conflicts in Chile. The study showed that the intensive extraction of minerals for export with minimal processing, characterized as mining extractivism, privileges the benefits for private companies operating transnationally to the economic and environmental detriment of the extraction sites, which absorb the ecological devastation; the distribution of wealth, considering taxes, is 87% for the private sector and 13% for the state sector. Despite the surplus of income from copper exports, the contributions of this sector to the economy are detrimental. This surplus contrasts with the copper material deficit and the depletion of other natural resources necessary for life. The mining model implemented in Chile is not sustainable; it does not guarantee the economic and environmental wellbeing of the present and future generations. The areas where the main mining projects are located show high levels of multidimensional poverty in comparison with the large profits created by mining. Furthermore, 53% of the municipalities where mining projects are located have higher percentages of population living in income poverty than the national average and, despite the fact that most of the projects have been operating for 20 years in some municipalities, there is no correspondence between the profits generated and the standards of living at the local level; at the same time, the amount of waste rock involved in copper mining and environmental disturbance are very high. The regions that concentrate the largest tonnage of waste rock are also the ones that present the greatest amount of socioenvironmental conflicts. These problems are not exclusive to Chile; they are reproduced in most Latin American countries that have historically participated in the world economy as suppliers of raw materials through unequal economic and ecological exchange schemes.

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ABSTRACT Introduction: Recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) is a common symptom in children and causes great anxiety to the family. It represents up to 10% of pediatric consultations. It occurs frequently among schoolchildren and adolescents and in 85 to 90% of cases the cause is due to a functional disorder. Objective: To characterize the behavior of recurrent abdominal pain in children admitted to the Eduardo Agramonte Piña pediatric hospital in the province of Camagüey. Methods: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective study was carried out, whose universe of work consisted of 122 patients admitted with a diagnosis of recurrent abdominal pain, during the study period. To obtain the information, document analysis was used by reviewing the clinical histories of the total number of patients treated and the bibliographic materials. Results: Of a total of 122 patients studied, the most affected group corresponded to 13 to 18 years of age, followed by the school group of 7 to 12 years for a total of 73 and 45 cases, respectively. Among the factors that increased the frequency was sustained exposure to stressful situations related to the dysfunction of the child's family and social environment, expressed in the results: of 122 patients, 91 come from dysfunctional socio-environmental environments, with predominance in the schoolchildren and adolescents stages. Conclusions: The number of patients with negative laboratory results was greater than that of positive ones, that is why abdominal pain of functional origin exceeded that of organic origin.

RESUMEN Introducción: El dolor abdominal recurrente es un síntoma común en los niños y causa gran ansiedad a la familia. Representa hasta el 10 % de las consultas en pediatría, con frecuencia entre escolares y adolescentes, del 85 al 90 % de los casos la causa obedece a un trastorno de tipo funcional. Objetivo: Caracterizar el dolor abdominal recurrente en niños ingresados en el hospital pediátrico Eduardo Agramonte Piña de la provincia Camagüey. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal, retrospectivo, cuyo universo de trabajo estuvo constituido por 122 pacientes ingresados con diagnóstico de dolor abdominal recurrente, durante el período de estudio. Para la obtención de la información se utilizó el análisis de documentos al revisar las historias clínicas del total de pacientes atendidos y los materiales bibliográficos. Resultados: De 122 pacientes estudiados el grupo más afectado correspondió al de 13-18 años de edad, seguido del grupo escolar de 7-12 años para un total de 73 y 45 casos, respectivamente. Entre los factores que aumentó la frecuencia estuvo la exposición mantenida a situaciones estresantes relacionadas con la disfunción del medio ambiente familiar y social del niño, expresados en los resultados, de 122 pacientes, 91 proceden de medios socio-ambientales disfuncionales, con predominio en las etapas escolares y de la adolescencia. Conclusiones: El número de pacientes con resultados de laboratorio negativos fue mayor que el de los positivos, por lo cual el dolor abdominal de origen funcional superó al de tipo orgánico.