Resumen Este trabajo cualitativo analiza las narrativas de cinco mujeres latinas radicadas en el estado de Oregón (Estados Unidos) en relación con sus interacciones sociales en el sector servicios y los espacios públicos de las comunidades en las que viven. El objetivo es conocer sus experiencias y observar si existe una conciencia crítica sociolingüística que reafirme una agencia en el país de destino. Usando como marco teórico el análisis crítico del discurso y la raciolingüística, se obtuvieron tres ejes temáticos comunes: la ausencia del español en los lugares públicos, la mirada blanca en los intercambios lingüísticos, y el multilingüismo en la vida pública. Estas narrativas muestran cómo la conciencia crítica desencadena la resiliencia y la agencia que les ha permitido enfrentarse a dificultades racistas y discriminaciones lingüísticas en Estados Unidos.

Abstract This qualitative study analyzes the narratives of five Latina women living in the state of Oregon (United States) in relation to their social interactions in the service sector and public spaces of the communities in which they live. The objective is to learn about their experiences and observe if there is a critical sociolinguistic awareness that reaffirms an agency in the destination country. Drawing on a theoretical framework of critical discourse analysis and raciolinguistics, three common thematic axes were obtained: the absence of Spanish in public places, the white gaze in linguistic exchanges, and multilingualism in public life. These narratives show how critical awareness triggers the resilience and agency that has allowed these women to challenge racist and linguistic discriminations in the United States.

Abstract Introduction: First responders in emergencies are exposed to psychosocial factors that can increase the risk of stress, due, among other variables, to the conditions of the functions performed, which can undermine the health status of this population. Objective: Determine the symptoms that reveal the presence of stress reactions in first responders to emergencies and their association with age and seniority in the institution. Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out that included first responders to emergencies from a fire department in Colombia, 215 participants. An association was made between the level of stress and the variables age and seniority. Results: A high and very high stress level of 50.3% was found. Physiological and social behavior symptoms presented the highest levels. Older workers had greater stress. There was no association with length of service. Conclusion: More than half of the population has high and very high stress levels. The oldest emergency first responders were those with the highest risk levels of stress.

Resumen Introducción: Los trabajadores de primera respuesta a emergencias se encuentra expuestos a factores psicosociales que pueden incrementar el riesgo de estrés, debido, entre otras variables, a las condiciones propias de las funciones ejercidas lo cual puede menoscabar el estado de salud de esta población. Objetivo: Determinar los síntomas reveladores de la presencia de reacciones de estrés en personal de primera respuesta a emergencias y su asociación con la edad y la antigüedad en la institución. Método: Se realizó un estudio transversal que incluyó el personal de primera respuesta a emergencias de una institución de bomberos en Colombia, 215 participantes. Se realizó asociación entre el nivel de estrés y las variables edad y antigüedad. Resultados: Se encontró un nivel de estrés alto y muy alto del 50.3%. Los síntomas fisiológicos y de comportamiento social presentaron los niveles más altos. Los trabajadores con mayor edad presentaron mayor estrés. No se presentó asociación con la antigüedad en el cargo. Conclusión: Más de la mitad de la población tiene niveles de estrés alto y muy alto. Los trabajadores de primera respuesta a emergencias con mayor edad fueron los que presentaron niveles de riesgo más alto de estrés.

RESUMEN El objetivo de este artículo es plantear una política pública destinada a garantizar un uso adecuado de las medidas cautelares, las unidades de servicios previos al juicio. Estas estructuras administrativas, por un lado, potencian la aplicación de las salidas alternativas a la prisión preventiva, así como, por otro, se ocupan de que su aplicación no sea sinónimo de impunidad e inseguridad. Esta estrategia enfrenta dos problemas centrales de la justicia tradicional, la ausencia de un diagnóstico adecuado para escoger la opción cautelar más adecuada, datos del arraigo social, y el seguimiento al régimen impuesto. La ventaja práctica es que esta propuesta se fundamenta en una metodología probada en el contexto internacional, en el Ecuador y recomendada como una buena práctica por la Comisión Interamericana de Derechos Humanos. De hecho, en Latinoamérica las distintas experiencias cuyos resultados fueron medidos revelan que la aplicación de esta estrategia en diversos momentos alcanzó una efectividad sin precedentes para potenciar medidas sustitutivas y para conseguir la presentación de las personas al juicio. Inclusive, en un momento en el que la prensa y la ciudadanía ejercen presiones para aumentar el encarcelamiento provisional son una respuesta válida, pues el informe emitido transparenta las causas de la resolución judicial adoptada.

ABSTRACT The aim of this article is to propose a public policy intended to ensure an appropriate use of precautionary measures, pre-trial service units. These administrative structures, on the one hand, enhance the application of alternative exits from pretrial detention and, on the other, ensure that their implementation is not synonymous with impunity and insecurity. Specifically, this strategy addresses two central problems of traditional justice: the absence of an adequate diagnosis to choose the most suitable preventive option and the monitoring of the imposed regimen. It specifically focuses on providing verified information about social ties. The practical advantage is that this proposal is based on a methodology proven in the international context, in Ecuador, and recommended as a best practice by the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights. In fact, in Latin America, various experiences, whose results were measured, reveal that the application of this strategy at different times achieved an unprecedented effectiveness in enhancing substitute measures and ensuring the appearance of individuals at trial. Even at a time when the press and the public exert pressure to increase provisional incarceration, they are a valid response, as the issued report transparently elucidates the reasons behind the adopted judicial resolution.

Abstract By the year of two thousand and nineteen, the private medical service industry growth was concentrated in the border cities of the Sonora state due to the large number of foreign patients and around six hundred thousand Sonora residents or descendants living in the state of Arizona (López, 2019). Hermosillo stands out among the border municipalities, thanks to its internationally certified private hospital infrastructure. However, the absence of post-operative-care as well as external services promoters in Mexico and internationally, combined with a fragmented value chain, have slowed down the growth of the medical industry in the capital (López, 2019). Our society is still in the first stages of digitalization therefore a universally accepted concept of digital economy has yet to be established. There's a gap between the available tools and the implementation in order to optimize the value chain and the customer experience. The current document contextualizes the private medical service industry in Hermosillo, Sonora within the digital economy through documentary research on digital resources, in the matters of politics, economics, social and technological context. In addition, the health crisis forced the digitalization of the commercialization processes in order to accomplish established objectives, thereby positioning the medical service industry as a participant in the digital economy.

Resumen Para el año dos mil diecinueve el crecimiento de la industria médica privada se daba más en las ciudades fronterizas del estado de sonora debido a la afluencia de pacientes extranjeros y unos seiscientos mil sonorenses o descendientes radicados en el estado de Arizona (López, 2019). Hermosillo destaca de los municipios fronterizos, gracias a la infraestructura privada hospitalaria certificada internacionalmente. Sin embargo, la ausencia de servicio postoperatorio al igual que agentes externos promotores de los servicios en el extranjero como en la república mexicana y una desconexión en la cadena de valor, han frenado el crecimiento de la industria médica en la capital (López, 2019). El concepto de economía digital no cuenta con una definición ampliamente aceptada, debido a que la sociedad se encuentra en las primeras etapas de digitalización. Existe una brecha entre las herramientas y su instrumentación para eficientar la cadena de valor y la experiencia del cliente. El presente documento contextualiza la industria privada de servicios médicos de Hermosillo, Sonora en la economía digital mediante una investigación documental de recursos digitales, esto en materia política, económica, social y tecnológica. Aunado a lo anterior la crisis sanitaria forzó a la digitalización de los procesos comerciales para lograr los objetivos planteados, por lo que la industria médica se convirtió en un actor de la economía digital.

Resumen (Objetivo) El principal objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el potencial de ahorro de agua potable, mediante el empleo de la pluvial como una fuente de abastecimiento para usos no potables, en dos barrios con viviendas de interés social del municipio de Viçosa (Minas Gerais, Brasil). (Metodología) Se utilizaron las estadísticas de consumo correspondientes a cada mes del 2020, para cada una de las casas que conforman los complejos habitacionales Benjamín José Cardoso y Sol Nascente, así como se estimó la fracción de agua potable destinada en los hogares para usos no potables. Se analizó la información correspondiente a los registros de lluvias mensuales de los últimos 50 años y se calculó el volumen mensual de agua de lluvia que podría colectarse en cada casa. (Resultados) El volumen promedio mensual de agua pluvial que podría captarse en el área de tejado de cada hogar es 3,39 m3. Durante los meses lluviosos del año, podría almacenarse un porcentaje de agua mayor al destinado para usos no potables; el dimensionamiento de un reservorio de agua de lluvia que supere las necesidades por mes del líquido para dichos propósitos podría viabilizar un excedente de agua colectada que garantice el recurso a lo largo de la temporada seca. (Conclusiones) Ya que el porcentaje promedio de ahorro de agua potable para ambos barrios supera el 53 %, el ahorro de consumo mensual puede contribuir a la reducción en el pago del servicio del agua potable y el consumo del líquido del municipio, principalmente en los meses de sequía.

Resumo (Objetivo) O principal objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o potencial de economia de água potável por meio do uso da água pluvial como fonte de abastecimento para usos não potáveis em dois bairros com habitações de interesse social no município de Viçosa (Minas Gerais-Brasil). (Metodologia) Foram utilizadas estatísticas de consumo de cada mês do ano de 2020 para cada uma das casas que compõem os conjuntos habitacionais Benjamin José Cardoso e Sol Nascente, e foi estimada a fração de água potável utilizada nas residências para usos não potáveis. Foram analisados os registros mensais de dos últimos 50 anos e calculado o volume mensal de águas pluviais que poderia ser coletado de cada residência. (Resultados) O volume médio mensal de águas pluviais que poderia ser coletado da área do telhado de cada residência é de 3,39 m3. Durante os meses chuvosos do ano, poderia ser armazenada uma porcentagem maior de água do que aquela destinada a usos não potáveis; o dimensionamento de um reservatório de águas pluviais que ultrapassem as necessidades mensais do líquido para esses fins poderia viabilizar um excedente de água coletada para garantir o líquido durante a estação seca. (Conclusões) Como a porcentagem média de economia de água potável para ambos os bairros é superior a 53%, a economia no consumo mensal pode contribuir para a redução do pagamento do serviço de água potável do município e do consumo do líquido, principalmente nos meses de seca.

Abstract (Objective) The main objective of this research was to evaluate the potential for saving drinking water by using rainwater as a source of supply for non-potable purposes in two neighborhoods with social housing in the municipality of Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil. (Methodology) The consumption statistics for each month of 2020 were used for each of the homes comprising the Benjamin José Cardoso and Sol Nascente Housing Complexes, and the fraction of drinking water that is destined in homes for nonpotable purposes was estimated. The information corresponding to the monthly rainfall records of the last 50 years was analyzed and the monthly volume of rainwater that could be harvested in each house was calculated. (Results) The average monthly volume of rainwater that could be captured through the roof area of each dwelling is 3.39 m3. During the rainy months of the year, it would be feasible to save a higher percentage of water than that allocated for non-potable purposes. Sizing a rainwater reservoir that exceeds the monthly needs for non-potable purposes would allow the surplus of collected water to supply the liquid during the dry season. (Conclusions) Since the average percentage of savings in drinking water for both neighborhoods exceeded 53%, the saving of the monthly consumption can contribute to the reduction of payments for the drinking water service and the consumption of the liquid in the municipality, particularly during drought months.

Abstract: This study had the general objective of verifying the relationship between burnout syndrome, social skills, coping strategies, and socio-occupational variables in a sample of 166 elementary school teachers from 13 public schools of Minas Gerais, Brazil, aged between 23 and 65 years, 73 % of whom were female. The Burnout Syndrome Inventory (ISB), the Social Skills Inventory 2 (IHS-2), the Coping Strategies Inventory (IEC), and a socio-occupational questionnaire developed especially for this research were used. A negative correlation was obtained between burnout and repertoire of social skills (r = -.273 and p < .001). The coping strategies that positively correlated with social skills were seeking social support, problem solving, and positive reappraisal. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between coping and professional fulfillment, indicating that teachers who adopted coping strategies were more likely to feel professionally satisfied. The burnout predictor variables were age, marital status, family provision, number of children, length of service, ongoing health care and social resourcefulness. The implications of these results were discussed concerning protective actions for the mental health of teachers and the importance of socio-emotional development in schools.

Resumen: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo general verificar la relación entre el síndrome de burnout, las habilidades sociales, el afrontamiento y las variables sociolaborales en una muestra de 166 profesores de educación básica de 13 escuelas públicas del interior de Minas Gerais, Brasil, con edades entre 23 y 65 años, el 73 % de los cuales son mujeres. Se utilizó el Inventario de Síndrome de Burnout (ISB), el Inventario de Habilidades Sociales 2 (IHS-2), el Inventario de Estrategias de Afrontamiento (IEC) y un cuestionario sociolaboral desarrollado especialmente para esta investigación. Se obtuvo una correlación negativa entre el burnout y el repertorio de habilidades sociales (r = -.273 y p = .001). Las estrategias de afrontamiento que se correlacionaron positivamente con las habilidades sociales fueron: búsqueda de apoyo social, resolución de problemas y reevaluación positiva. Además, hubo una correlación positiva entre el afrontamiento y la realización profesional, lo que indica que los profesores que adoptaron estrategias de afrontamiento tenían más probabilidades de sentirse realizados profesionalmente. Las variables predictoras del agotamiento fueron la edad, el estado civil, la provisión familiar, el número de hijos, el tiempo de servicio, la atención médica continua y la desenvoltura social. Se discuten las implicaciones de estos resultados respecto de las acciones protectoras para la salud mental de los docentes y la relevancia del desarrollo socioemocional en las escuelas.

Resumo: Este estudo teve como objetivo geral verificar a relação entre síndrome de burnout, habilidades sociais, coping e variáveis sócio-ocupacionais em uma amostra de 166 professores do ensino fundamental de 13 escolas públicas do interior de Minas Gerais, Brasil, com idades entre 23 e 65 anos, sendo 73 % do sexo feminino. Foram utilizados o Inventário da Síndrome de Burnout (ISB), o Inventário de Habilidades Sociais 2 (IHS-2), o Inventário de Estratégias de Coping (IEC) e um questionário sócio-ocupacional desenvolvido especialmente para esta pesquisa. Obteve-se correlação negativa entre o burnout e o repertório de habilidades sociais (r = -0,273 e p < 0,01). As estratégias de coping que se correlacionaram positivamente com as habilidades sociais foram: busca de suporte social, resolução de problemas e reavaliação positiva. Ademais, houve correlação positiva entre coping e realização profissional, indicando que professores que adotaram estratégias de enfrentamento apresentaram maior tendência a sentirem-se realizados profissionalmente. As variáveis preditoras do burnout foram idade, estado civil, provimento familiar, número de filhos, tempo de serviço, tratamento contínuo de saúde e desenvoltura social. Discutiu-se a implicação desses resultados no tocante às ações protetivas de saúde mental docente e quanto à relevância do desenvolvimento socioemocional nas escolas.

Abstract General Bernardo Reyes was a key figure within the structure of the Porfirian State, especially in the northeastern region of Mexico. From his position, he worked to eliminate and neutralize political threats seeking to destabilize President Porfirio Díaz’s regime. To this end, he built and organized a sociopolitical network with military personnel, diplomats, police, and civilians, through which he deployed intelligence operations. Through the study of Reyes’ correspondence from the perspective of social network analysis, one can identify the web of commissioners, agents, and informants, as well as categorize the objectives of his espionage. This allows us to address a lesser-studied role of the figure: that of a “spymaster” who coordinated a significant part of the Porfirian espionage system.

Resumen El general Bernardo Reyes fue una pieza clave dentro de la estructura del Estado porfirista, particularmente en la región del noreste mexicano. Desde su posición, trabajó para eliminar y neutralizar las amenazas políticas que buscaban desestabilizar al régimen del presidente Porfirio Díaz y, para ello, construyó una red sociopolítica organizada con militares, cónsules, policías y civiles, a través de la cual desplegó operaciones de espionaje. Al estudiar la correspondencia de Reyes desde la perspectiva del análisis de redes sociales, se puede identificar el entretejido de comisionados, agentes e informantes, y también categorizar los objetivos de su espionaje. Esto permite abordar un rol poco estudiado del personaje: el de un maestro de espías que coordinó una parte importante del sistema de espionaje porfirista.

Abstract The article aims to analyze organizational elements of the Hire Who Struggles initiative, by the Homeless Workers Movement (MTST), as an experiment in technology and labour in the context of a digital solidarity economy. Based on interviews with workers of the project, the article analyzes: the labour organization and the perspective of the digital solidarity economy; the praxis of the social movement; and the organization of grassroots politics. The MTST is organized based on territorial organization, which precedes the construction of technologies, and based on praxis, articulated the construction of concepts such as popular digital sovereignty. The article argues that Hire Who Struggles has the advantage of the institutional fabric of the social movement to establish itself, which enables a strengthening of the struggle and organization. The workers are not only service providers, but also help to spread the word and the struggles of the homeless workers. initiative MTST, , (MTST) economy project analyzes politics technologies sovereignty itself providers (MTST

Resumo Este artigo tem o objetivo de analisar elementos de organização da iniciativa Contrate Quem Luta, do Movimento dos Trabalhadores Sem-Teto (MTST), enquanto experiência de tecnologia e trabalho em contexto de economia digital solidária. A partir de entrevistas com trabalhadores do projeto, reflete-se sobre a organização do trabalho e a perspectiva da economia digital solidária; a práxis do movimento social; e a organização da política de base. O MTST se organiza a partir do território, que precede a construção de tecnologias, e da práxis, articulada à construção de conceitos como o de soberania digital popular. Diante disso, pode-se argumentar que o Contrate Quem Luta tem a vantagem do estofo institucional do movimento social para se estabelecer, o que possibilita um fortalecimento da luta e da organização. Os trabalhadores não são apenas prestadores de serviço, eles auxiliam, também, na circulação das palavras e das lutas dos sem-teto. SemTeto Sem Teto MTST, , (MTST) solidária projeto refletese reflete base território tecnologias popular disso podese pode estabelecer serviço auxiliam também semteto. semteto sem teto. teto sem-teto (MTST

Evaluative research can advance sustainability education through the learning it can enable, at micro and systems levels. This proposition is explored by examining evaluation practice in a 6-year international programme entitled Transdisciplinary Education Collaboration for Transformations in Sustainability involving universities and biosphere reserves/regions in Germany, South Africa and Canada. A Transdisciplinary International Learning Lab (TILL) was evaluated using a theory-based evaluation approach and interviews, focus groups and questionnaires that yielded qualitative data. Through meta-reflection, we concluded that our TILL had elements of a Field School, rather than a Learning Lab, and that our curriculum required more explicit deliberation among programme developers and implementers towards a deeper and shared understanding of pedagogical assumptions and more congruent practice of transdisciplinary and transformative sustainability education. The reflective, theory-based approach enabled learning from evaluation and was captured in a shared refinement of the theory of change, which makes it explicit that learning from pedagogical innovations is not only for students but also for academics. The paper is an invitation to other innovators in sustainability science, education and evaluation in higher education, to share related findings. SIGNIFICANCE: Through evaluative research, educators gained insight into how transformative sustainability education and transdisciplinarity play out in practice, and how theory-based evaluation can inform more transformative programme design. As higher education practitioners collaborating across continents and disciplines for systemic change, we noted that transformative concepts do not immediately translate into transformative practices, unless we critically and collectively reflect on practice and outcomes. Such (meta) reflection requires data and purposefully designed evaluation frameworks-in-use. This idea is not new, but its manifestation in practice was illuminative and could also be of scholarly interest to other curriculum and evaluation designers.

Abstract: The purpose of this research study is to describe the factors that influence consumers' purchasing decisions in live shopping broadcasts. The proposed research methodology is based on the qualitative paradigm with an interpretative approach. A semi-structured questionnaire is applied to interview 25 people who had participated in live shopping transmissions at least once. The results show eight families codes: (1) motivation, (2) participation, (3) trust, (4) influence of social networks, (5) time pressure, (6) customer satisfaction, (7) distrust and problems, and (8) quality of service. The aesthetic aspect of the seller and the endorsement of a celebrity have no valorization. In conclusion, the purchase decision variables of live shopping broadcasts do not differ significantly with respect to what has been found in previous literature.

Resumen: El propósito de esta investigación es describir los factores que influyen en la decisión de compra de los consumidores en transmisiones de compras en vivo. La metodología está fundamentada en el paradigma cualitativo con enfoque interpretativo. Se ocupa un cuestionario semi-estructurado para realizar entrevistas a 25 personas que han participado en las transmisiones de compra en vivo al menos una vez. El análisis de los datos se realiza mediante la teoría fundamentada de Glaser y Strauss. Los resultados muestran ocho familias de códigos: (1) motivación, (2) participación, (3) confianza, (4) influencia redes sociales, (5) presión por tiempo, (6) satisfacción del cliente, (7) desconfianza y problemas, y (8) calidad del servicio. El aspecto estético del vendedor y la determinación de una celebridad no son valorizables. En conclusión, las variables de decisión de compra de las transmisiones de compra en vivo, en general, no difieren respecto con lo encontrado en la literatura previa.

Abstract: Hospitals, as the main entities providing medical services, face the crucial question of how to ensure the fairness and accessibility of medical services in strengthening the construction of integrity ethics. Patient-centered care is the code of conduct for medical services, requiring hospitals to provide high-quality and efficient medical services. This study delves into patients’ experiences, needs, and expectations regarding the construction of integrity ethics in hospitals, aiming to offer guidance and practical pathways for protecting patient rights, promoting reforms in the medical service system, and building trust-based doctor-patient relationships. In the context of an aging population and the goal of achieving universal health coverage, it is essential to allocate medical resources reasonably, ensuring the quality and credibility of medical services. Based on the stance of protecting patient rights, this study analyzes the current state of China’s medical service system and proposes specific measures to improve the quality of medical services and patient satisfaction, striving to provide valuable references for fostering positive interaction between patients and hospitals.

Resumen: Los hospitales, como principales entidades proveedoras de servicios médicos, se enfrentan a un punto crucial: cómo garantizar la equidad y la accesibilidad de los servicios médicos en el fortalecimiento de la construcción de la ética de la integridad. La atención centrada en el paciente es el código de conducta de los servicios médicos, que exige a los hospitales la prestación de servicios médicos eficientes y de alta calidad. Este estudio profundiza en las experiencias, necesidades y expectativas de los pacientes en relación con la construcción de una ética de la integridad en los hospitales, con el objetivo de ofrecer orientación y vías prácticas para proteger sus derechos, promover reformas en el sistema de servicios médicos y construir relaciones médico-paciente basadas en la confianza. En el contexto del envejecimiento de la población y el objetivo de lograr una cobertura sanitaria universal, es esencial asignar los recursos médicos de manera razonable, garantizando la calidad y la credibilidad de los servicios médicos. Partiendo de la postura de proteger los derechos del paciente, este estudio analiza el estado actual del sistema de servicios médicos en China y propone medidas concretas para mejorar su calidad y la satisfacción del paciente, esforzándose por ofrecer referencias para promover una interacción positiva entre pacientes y hospitales.

Resumo: Hospitais, como principais entidades fornecedoras de serviços médicos, enfrentam a questão crucial de como garantir equidade e acessibilidade dos serviços médicos no fortalecimento da construção de integridade ética. Cuidados centrados no paciente é o código de conduta para serviços médicos, requerendo que hospitais forneçam serviços médicos de alta qualidade e eficientes.Esse estudo investiga as experiências, necessidades e expectativas dos pacientes a respeito da construção de integridade ética nos hospitais, visando oferecer diretrizes e caminhos práticos para a proteção dos direitos dos pacientes, promovendo reformas no sistema de serviços médicos e construindo relações médico-paciente baseadas na confiança. No contexto do envelhecimento da população e do objetivo de alcançar cobertura universal da saúde, é essencial alocar recursos médicos de forma satisfatória, garantindo a qualidade e credibilidade dos serviços médicos. Baseado na orientação de proteger os direitos dos pacientes, esse estudo analisa o estado atual do sistema de serviços médicos da China e propõe medidas específicas para melhorar a qualidade dos serviços médicos e a satisfação dos pacientes, aspirando fornecer referências valiosas para promover uma interação positiva entre pacientes e hospitais.

Abstract This investigation uses the method of decision analysis to analyze the positioning of the Sergipe Court of Justice, between 2020 and 2022, about the refusal of companies that offer transportation service via app to effect or cancel to remain in their registry with drivers who respond to criminal proceedings without final and unappealable decisions. The analysis of the decisions is based on some strategic theoretical frameworks, as based on the concepts of sacrificial citizenship and the economization of law, neoliberalism as a rationality and a deep process, and capitalism as surveillance. As a result, it was identified that the TJSE prioritized the contractual autonomy, the freedom to guide objective safety criteria, the misalignment of drivers with the Term and Conditions for use over the principles of the presumption of innocence and the social function of the contract. To problematize this scenario, the article also questions about the (un)protection of workers' personal data by app, the lack of transparency in the use of new technologies to collect data regarding ongoing criminal cases as a way to reiterate old social or labor exclusions. Finally, it concludes on the approximation of the grounds handled by the Sergipe Court of Justice with the new economic demands of neoliberal management, such as the reduction of the constitutional pact in favor of corporate autonomy, both on the disposability of subjects and on the irregular capture of their personal data. 202 2022 frameworks law process surveillance result autonomy criteria contract scenario unprotection un protection workers exclusions Finally management 20 2

Resumo Esta investigação utiliza o método de análises de decisões para examinar o posicionamento do Tribunal de Justiça de Sergipe, entre 2020 e 2022, sobre a recusa das empresas que oferecem o serviço de transporte via aplicativo de efetivar ou de permanecer em seu cadastro com motoristas que respondem a processos criminais sem decisões transitadas em julgado. A análise das decisões parte de alguns marcos teóricos estratégicos, como o conceito de cidadania sacrificial e da economicização do direito, do neoliberalismo enquanto uma racionalidade e um processo profundo, do capitalismo como vigilância. Como resultado, identificou-se que o TJSE priorizou a autonomia contratual, a liberdade para pautar critérios objetivos de segurança, o desalinhamento dos motoristas com o Termo e as Condições para uso em detrimento dos princípios da presunção de inocência e da função social do contrato. Para problematizar este cenário o artigo ainda questiona sobre a (des)proteção dos dados pessoais dos trabalhadores por aplicativo, a falta de transparência na utilização de novas tecnologias para coletar dados referentes a processos criminais em andamento como forma de reiterar velhas exclusões sociais ou laborais. Por fim, conclui-se sobre a aproximação dos fundamentos manejados pelo Tribunal de Justiça de Sergipe com as novas exigências econômicas da gestão neoliberal, tal como a redução do pacto constitucional em benefício da autonomia empresarial, tanto sobre a descartabilidade dos sujeitos, como sobre a captação irregular de seus dados pessoais. 202 2022 julgado estratégicos direito profundo vigilância resultado identificouse identificou se contratual segurança contrato desproteção des proteção laborais fim concluise conclui neoliberal empresarial sujeitos 20 2

Hierdie sewe-jaar longitudinale opvoedingstudie evalueer drie akademiese afleweringsmodusse vir deeltydse MBA-studente in hul Bemarkingsbestuursmodule, naamlik vol kontak (20172019), vol aanlyn tydens COVID-19 se harde inperking (2020-2021 en die daaropvolgende gemengde modus (2022-2023). Die studie het ten doel om te bepaal of die afleweringsmodus studente se akademiese prestasie beduidend beïnvloed. Die eenrigting-variansie-analise (EVA) het beduidende verskille tussen die afleweringsmodusse vir individuele opdragte (normatiewe assessering) en groepgevallestudies (summatiewe assessering) geïdentifiseer. Daar was ook betekenisvolle verskille tussen die akademiese prestasie ten opsigte van die finale saamgestelde portefeulje van kennis (wat as eksamen dien). Hierdie portefeulje bestaan uit 'n prakties-toegepaste bemarkingsplan. Die post-hoc toetse het getoon dat studente aansienlik beter gevaar het tydens die gemengde afleweringsmodus in individuele opdragte, terwyl die volledige aanlyn modus laer punte vir die groepgevallestudies gehad het. Beide die gemengde en volledige kontakmodusse het beduidende opeenvolgende verbetering vir die groepgevallestudies getoon, wat in elke gevallestudie verbetering getoon het namate die semester gevorder het. Dit verskil van volledige aanlyn onderrig. Die gemengde modus het ook aansienlik beter gevaar in die eksamen- en finale modulepunte en het selfs beter gevaar as volkontakklasse.

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly transformed the tertiary education landscape. Traditional contact universities were forced abruptly to adopt a full-distance education mode, a situation neither the students nor lecturers were prepared for. Many lectures and teaching activities were developed on the fly as universities struggled to roll out the needed support in double-time for lecturers and students. This new normal for education required integrating technology, advanced communication software, revised assessment techniques, and recognising the need for flexible and adaptable approaches to teaching and learning. Students also evolved and gained technological proficiency, adaptability, time management, soft skills, social media proficiency, and an awareness of health and well-being. Albeit uncertain in redefining the new normal, universities continue to provide quality education. However, exactly how university education should be delivered to a new breed of students in a new business environment is a challenge. This is even more so in the case of executive MBA students. After the hard lockdown and restrictions were lifted on 21 September 2020, the North-West University Business School started to explore other modes of academic content delivery. Reinstating a full contact delivery mode was not an option because of remaining restrictions. High technological investment, online-educated lecturers and students, and benefits and developments during online learning now form a new normal for the Business School. Which teaching method, or rather, which mode of delivery, is the most relevant and adequate? Should the MBA lectures return to the historic full-contact delivery mode, stick with the newly established full online mode, or attempt to integrate the benefits of both into a hybrid mode of delivering business education to a new breed of technology-savvy students? This study, therefore, examines the academic performance of the different delivery modes by comparing data of Executive MBA Marketing management students at the NWU Business School in South Africa. The study examines the academic performance of these students from 2017 up to 2023. The panel database consists of Executive MBA students'marks for the module in Marketing Management from 2017 up to 2023. The database contains marks for individual assignments, groupwork case studies, final individual- and groupwork marks, exam marks and the final module mark. The final assessment is a portfolio of evidence comprising a detailed marketing plan for a product, service, or organisation of choice. The mode of delivery served as the dependent variable, while the independent variables comprised the marks for each assignment (groupwork, individual and portfolio of evidence). Three delivery modes were compared, namely full-contact (2017-2019), full-online (2020-2021), and the post-pandemic hybrid mode currently in effect (2022-2023). The data comprised 630 cases. However, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) used 532 cases to compare the different groupwork assignments (230 full-contact students, 159 full-online students, and 143 hybrid students). Cronbach's alpha coefficient measured the data's reliability, and one-way ANOVA determined significant differences (p<.05) between the academic performance of the three delivery modes. The analysis confirmed that significant differences exist between the modes of delivery for individual assignments, group case studies and exams (p<.05). The Tukey ab post-hoc tests showed that students performed significantly better during the hybrid delivery mode in individual assignments (69.2%) than full contact (63.8%). Regarding the individual assignment, the full online (63.8%) and full contact (63.7%) delivery modes perform significantly worse than the hybrid (69.2%) delivery mode. Regarding the first group case study (Group Assignment 1), full online performs (67.3%) significantly worse than hybrid (71.1%) and full contact (73.6%) delivery modes. There is no significant difference between the hybrid and full contact delivery modes. In the second, third, and fourth group case studies (Group Assignments 2, 3 & 4), the hybrid delivery mode (82.37%, 75.4%, 82.7%) outperforms the full contact (75.4, 80.1%, 86.6%) and full-online (71.4%, 71.4%, 67.8%) modes. The hybrid delivery mode, therefore, proves to be more conducive towards academic performance in group work. Finally, in considering the final module mark, the hybrid delivery mode (71.0%) is significantly higher than the other two delivery modes. However, there is no significant difference between full online (67.5%) and full-contact (67.2%) delivery modes regarding the final module mark. Nevertheless, it is noteworthy that the better performance in the final module marks is a function of the groupwork where the students analysed case studies together. There are no significant differences in the exam marks between the delivery modes, so better academic performance in the hybrid mode of delivery where groupwork is concerned culminates in the better module mark. Based on the findings, it is evident that the hybrid mode of delivery results in the best academic performance. This observation is based on three reasons, namely 1) students performed better in both the normative and summative assessments during hybrid tuition; 2) there is continuous progressive learning throughout the semester regarding the group case studies (summative assessment). They learn to improve and hone their skills to analyse better and apply business solutions to real-life problems experienced by organisations. This is based on students' improving marks in the group case studies as they become more proficient in analysing and answering the applied case studies because they learn from each case study; and 3) the students perform better academically in their normative assessments and earn higher final module marks (partially due to reason 2). It is concluded that the hybrid delivery mode facilitates the academic performance of post-pandemic executive MBA Marketing management students. JEL KODES: I23, I21, M30

Abstract Introduction: In February 2021, one year after the arrival of the Covid-19 pandemic to Mexico, the vaccination so eagerly awaited began. As in many other countries, the first summoned to receive the vaccine were the elderly, because their increased risk of death when contracting this new disease. A group of advanced Medicine students from a public university in Mexico City were involved in the first stage of the vaccination process in an area of southern Mexico City inhabited by low-income population Objective: The purpose of this study was to collect and analyze the experiences lived by four of these students who participated in it. Method: The research was oriented by the theoretical methodological tradition known as Narrative Inquiry, which focuses on the story of lived experiences as a way of representing the human experience deployed in time and space. This strategy delve into the comprehension of the meaning of the events reported for those who experience them in that socio-historical context. The stories analyzed here come from the final social service reports prepared throughout 2021 by the participants, two men and two women. The analysis and interpretation were carried out directly by the author of this paper within the guidelines of the Narrative Inquiry tradition. Results: The stories about the vicissitudes lived by these young future doctors with the older adults they cared for made it possible to highlight some of the anxieties, fears and reactions they faced and some of their effects on the incipient constitution of their professional identity. Final considerations: The stories analyzed nourish the reflection on the personal and professional conflicts experienced on the path that leads to becoming a doctor in a particularly demanding situation and reveal the power of Narrative Inquiry.

Resúmen Introducción: A un año de la llegada de la pandemia de Covid-19 a México, en febrero de 2021 inició la vacunación tan ansiosamente esperada. Los primeros invitados a recibir la vacuna fueron los adultos mayores por su mayor riesgo de muerte al contraer la enfermedad. Un grupo de estudiantes avanzados de Medicina de una universidad pública de la Ciudad de México participaron en esta primera etapa del proceso en una región del sur de esta ciudad habitada por población de bajos recursos económicos. Objetivo: Recoger y estudiar las experiencias vividas por cuatro estudiantes avanzados de Medicina involucrados en la primera fase de vacunación contra Covid-19 en una zona pobre de la Ciudad de México Método: Esta indagación estuvo orientada por la tradición teórico-metodológica conocida como Investigación Narrativa, que se centra en el relato de las experiencias vividas como forma de representar la experiencia humana desplegada en el tiempo y en el espacio entendidos como contexto histórico-social en el que puede comprenderse el significado de los acontecimientos relatados para quienes los experimentan. Las narraciones analizadas proceden de los informes finales de servicio social elaborados a lo largo de 2021 por los cuatro estudiantes que participaron, dos varones y dos mujeres. El análisis e interpretación fueron efectuados por la autora bajo los lineamientos de la Investigación Narrativa Resultados: Se presentan fragmentos narrativos sobre las vicisitudes atravesadas por los participantes, las ansiedades, temores y reacciones que enfrentaron, la manera como lo hicieron, la forma en la que se lo representaron, y algunos efectos de todo ello sobre la constitución de su incipiente identidad profesional. Consideraciones finales: Los relatos estudiados nutren la reflexión sobre los conflictos personales y profesionales vividos a lo largo de la ruta hacia convertirse en médico en una situación especialmente demandante y muestran la potencia de la Investigación Narrativa.

Resumo Este artigo baseado em uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, tem por objeto de estudo a análise crítica da reestruturação modernizante do Instituto Nacional de Seguro Social (INSS), autarquia federal que operacionaliza a política previdenciária e cuja modernização, a partir de 2017, impactou o acesso aos direitos previdenciários da população atendida. A análise, numa perspectiva de totalidade, tem como categorias: o conceito de tecnologia na sociedade, a constituição estrutural do Estado brasileiro e sua modernização, o INSS-Digital e o impacto das mudanças tecnológicas para a população atendida. Contextualizado a partir da década de 1990, quando se iniciam as contrarreformas neoliberais, é particularizado no período de 2016 a 2019, no acirramento das contrarreformas e ajustes de austeridades, orientados pelo ultraneoliberalismo. Deduz-se que o INSS-Digital, em substituição ao atendimento presencial, tem restringido o acesso aos direitos previdenciários e assistenciais da população, que com baixo nível de renda e escolaridade não dispõe de recursos para aquisição dos equipamentos tecnológicos e compreensão da linguagem informatizada, constatado pelos altos índices de indeferimentos dos pedidos de benefícios e a judicialização dos processos. Conclui-se que o INSS-Digital, ao concretizar-se no estreitamento ao acesso dos direitos previdenciários e assistenciais, configura-se como estratégia “competente” na redução da política previdenciária, materializada em suas contrarreformas. Espera-se contribuir para reflexão crítica dos direitos sociais brasileiros e instrumentalizar os movimentos sociais e sindicais na luta e resistência em prol de uma previdência pública, igualitária e universal.

Abstract This article, based on bibliographical and documentary research, has as its object of study the critical analysis of the modernizing restructuring of the National Social Security Institute (INSS, for its Spanish acronym), a federal agency that operates social security policy and whose modernization, as of 2017, impacted the access to social security rights of the population it serves. The analysis, from a totality perspective, has the following categories: the concept of technology in society, the structural constitution of the Brazilian State and its modernization, the INSS-Digital, and the impact of technological changes on the population served. The analysis is contextualized from the 1990s, when neoliberal counter-reforms began, and is particularized to the period between 2016 and 2019, during which time there was an intensification of counter-reforms and austerity adjustments, guided by ultra-neoliberalism. It is deduced that the INSS-Digital, replacing face-to-face service, has restricted access to social security rights for the population, which, with a low level of income and education, does not have the resources to acquire technological equipment and understand computerized language, as confirmed by senior rates of rejection of benefit requests and the judicialization of processes. It can be concluded that the INSS-Digital, when implemented in the narrowing of access to social security rights, is configured as a "competent" strategy in the reduction of social security policy, as evidenced by its counter-reforms. It is expected to contribute to critical reflection on Brazilian social security rights and to equip social and trade union movements in the struggle and resistance in favor of a public, egalitarian, and universal pension.

Resumen: Este artículo, basado en una investigación bibliográfica y documental, tiene como objeto de estudio el análisis crítico de la reestructuración modernizadora del Instituto Nacional de Seguridad Social (INSS), agencia federal que opera la política de seguridad social y cuya modernización, a partir de 2017, impactó el acceso a los derechos de seguridad social de la población atendida. El análisis, desde una perspectiva de totalidad, tiene las siguientes categorías: el concepto de tecnología en la sociedad, la constitución estructural del Estado brasileño y su modernización, el INSS-Digital y el impacto de los cambios tecnológicos en la población atendida. Contextualizado a partir de los años 1990, cuando comenzaron las contrarreformas neoliberales, se particulariza en el período desde 2016 hasta 2019, en la intensificación de las contrarreformas y de los ajustes de austeridad, guiados por el ultraneoliberalismo. Se deduce que el INSS-Digital, en sustitución del servicio presencial, ha restringido el acceso a los derechos de seguridad social de la población, que, con un bajo nivel de ingresos y educación, no cuenta con recursos para adquirir equipos tecnológicos y comprender lenguaje informatizado, como lo confirman los altos índices de rechazo de solicitudes de beneficios y de judicialización de procesos. Se concluye que el INSS-Digital, cuando se implementa en la reducción del acceso a los derechos de seguridad social, se configura como una estrategia “competente” en la reducción de la política de seguridad social, materializada en sus contrarreformas. Se espera que contribuya a la reflexión crítica sobre los derechos de seguridad social brasileños y prepare a los movimientos sociales y sindicales en la lucha y la resistencia a favor de una pensión pública, igualitaria y universal.