Resumen A través de la aplicación del concepto de subjetivación política a una investigación cualitativa, en este artículo se analizan las modalidades de participación y de apatía política en el colectivo de migrantes de origen colombiano que residen en Roma. En ambas se involucran los contextos de origen y destino donde contribuyen diversas relaciones microsociales, además del vínculo clásico ciudadano-Estado. Además, se concluye que la apatía, más que una deformación del sistema político, es un modo-estrategia a través del cual las personas entienden su mundo y se ocupan de él.

Abstract Through the application of the concept of political subjectivation to qualitative research, this article analyzes the modalities of political participation or apathy among Colombian migrants living in Rome. Both manners involve the contexts of origin and destination, where different micro-social relationships play a part, in addition to the classic citizen-State link. Furthermore, it is addressed how apathy, rather than a distorted way of approaching the political system, is a strategy through which people understand and deal with their world.

RESUMO O artigo analisa as representações sociais sobre redes personalizadas de mediação em política social de moradores de Villa Itatí, um bairro popular localizado no município de Quilmes, na Grande Buenos Aires. Os significados dos referentes são desmembrados em duas dimensões: seu vínculo com as instâncias estatais de maior burocratização e sua relação com os moradores do bairro. A formação acadêmica tendeu a interpretar esses significados na chave de uma reciprocidade personalizada entre mediadores e beneficiários de políticas públicas. No entanto, defende-se que estes significados inscrevem a componente personalizada da mediação numa modalidade particular de presença estatal, complexa na distinção entre o formal e o informal. Assim, as representações do mediador podem ser compreendidas em termos de uma forma redistributiva com feições informais, que tematiza as mudanças no formato da política social nos últimos anos.

RESUMEN El artículo analiza representaciones sociales sobre entramados personalizados de mediación en política social de habitantes de Villa Itatí, un barrio popular ubicado en el Municipio de Quilmes, en el Gran Buenos Aires. Los sentidos de los referentes son desglosados según dos dimensiones: su vínculo con instancias estatales de mayor burocratización y su relación con los habitantes del barrio. Los antecedentes académicos han tendido a interpretar estas significaciones en la clave de una reciprocidad personalizada entre mediadores y beneficiarios de políticas públicas. Sin embargo, se sostiene que estos sentidos inscriben el componente personalizado de la mediación en una modalidad particular de presencia estatal, compleja en términos de la distinción entre lo formal e informal. Así, las representaciones del mediador pueden ser entendidas en clave de una forma redistributiva con rasgos informales, que tematiza los cambios en el formato de la política social de los últimos años.

ABSTRACT The article analyses social representations on personalized networks of mediation in social policy of inhabitants of Villa Itatí, a popular neighbourhood located in the Municipality of Quilmes, in the Gran Buenos Aires. The meanings of the brokers are considered in terms of two dimensions: their link with state levels of greater bureaucratization and their relationship with the inhabitants of the neighbourhood. The academic background has tended to understand these meanings as a personalized reciprocity between mediators and beneficiaries of public policies. However, it is argued that these meanings inscribe the personalized component of mediation in a particular modality of state presence, complex in terms of the distinction between the formal and informal. Thus, the representations of the mediator can be understood in terms of a redistributive way with informal features, which thematizes the changes in the format of social policy in recent years.

Climate change adaptation (CCA) and disaster risk reduction (DRR) agendas converge in their priorities to reduce social vulnerability and enhance resilience in the face of climate change. However, they are often treated separately in practice and in local government plans. In South Africa, while municipalities are legally mandated to develop Integrated Development Plans (IDPs) and Disaster Management Plans (DMPs), this is not the case for CCA. In this study, we assessed the engagement with, and linkages between, CCA and DRR in 20 local municipalities from contrasting socio-economic contexts in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa by conducting an analysis of their IDPs, DMPs and any plans or strategies pertaining to CCA. Our results show that none of the municipalities had separate CCA strategies, with only two municipalities complying with the mandate to have DMPs. While municipalities mostly included CCA- and DRR-related activities in their IDPs, there were no explicit linkages made between the two approaches. Apparent was the prioritisation of bolstering infrastructure with little attention towards addressing social vulnerability and building resilience. Overall, little has been done to prioritise or link CCA and DRR at the local government level, especially in the context of addressing social vulnerability and building resilience. These findings suggest the need for South Africa to implement and promulgate legal instruments, policies and resources to capacitate local municipalities in mainstreaming and integrating CCA and DRR. SIGNIFICANCE: • This study highlights that, while CCA and DRR converge in theoretical frameworks and international and national policies, little has been done to link the two at the local government level in South Africa. • Overall, findings indicate that social vulnerability reduction and resilience building are still not recognised as important aspects of CCA and DRR. • Local municipalities prioritise technical solutions and infrastructure maintenance, with little attention to development and structural causes of vulnerability. • Support, in terms of resources, is needed to capacitate local municipalities in (1) linking CCA and DRR and (2) reducing social vulnerability and building resilience.

Abstract: The article addresses the relationship between peasant and small farmer organizations in the Coquimbo region in Chile with public institutions at the communal, regional and national levels within a competitive funding scheme. It first presents background information regarding the creation of civil society organizations in Chile, and more specifically in rural areas. Second, based on information gathered through semi-structured interviews, observations and walks it describes three main types of community-based organizations identified in rural towns in Coquimbo, their objectives, activities, and their engagements with public institutions, emphasizing the mechanisms and strategies they use to access to state aid and public policies. It concludes that the strategic guidelines and public discourses of state institutions for the distribution of funds promote a fragmentation of the link between public offices and residents of rural areas. The latter need to participate in multiple organizations to access different types of public funds.

Resumen: El presente artículo aborda la relación entre organizaciones campesinas y de pequeños agricultores/as de la región de Coquimbo en Chile con organismos públicos de nivel comunal, regional y nacional por medio de la entrega de fondos concursables. Primero, se presentan antecedentes respecto a la creación de organizaciones de la sociedad civil en Chile y, específicamente, en zonas rurales. Segundo, con base en el levantamiento de información mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas, observaciones y recorridos se describen tres tipos de organizaciones identificadas en localidades rurales de Coquimbo, sus objetivos, actividades y vínculos con organismos públicos. Asimismo, se analizan los mecanismos y estrategias utilizadas para acceder a programas y ayudas estatales. Se concluye que los lineamientos y discursos promovidos desde la estatalidad para la entrega de recursos generan una fragmentación del vínculo entre los organismos públicos y los habitantes de localidades rurales, quienes deben pertenecer a múltiples organizaciones para acceder a distintos tipos de fondos.

In the course of the past three decades, the concept of "plain language" has garnered increasing attention. Recent developments have further solidified this field, given the International Federation for Plain Language's definition of plain language, as well as the introduction of an ISO (International Organisation for Standardisation) Standard for plain language in 2023. These milestones suggest that plain language is set to play a more significant role in public communication. The International Federation for Plain Language defines plain language as communication in which the wording, structure, and design are so clear that the target audience can effortlessly find, understand, and use the information they need. However, this definition has faced criticism for its vagueness. In an effort to refine the definition, the ISO Plain Language Standard was introduced. It includes four governing principles: 1) Readers get the information they need; 2) Readers can easily find what they need; 3) Readers can easily understand what they find; and 4) Readers can easily use the information. Both the definitions of the ISO Standard and the International Federation for Plain Language concentrate on the understandability and usability of information in creating effective plain language documents. In this article, I argue that alongside understandability and usability, user experience should be considered as a third measurable element of success in plain language documents. Although existing research primarily focuses on usability and understanding, it gives limited attention to user experience, whereas I argue that user experience is a crucial factor in the creation of successful plain language documents. More specifically, I explore in this article the preference of respondents for plain language techniques used in documents in an attempt to establish a connection between the user's experience of these techniques and the document's usability and understandability. I also delve into users' overall experience with plain language documents and assess whether there is a correlation between overall experience and users' perceptions of specific plain language techniques. I further analyse users'experiences with plain language techniques within specific contexts, namely the medical, legal, and financial domains, to determine if the context influences their experience. In addition, I investigate the relationship between users'experiences with plain language techniques and extratextual factors, such as qualification, income, home language, the variety of Afrikaans they speak, and their level of engagement with the document's content. This comprehensive analysis aims to clarify the role of user experience in the success of plain language documents and it potentially prompts a reconsideration of experience, in addition to understandability and usability, when creating successful plain language documents. The study employed a quantitative correlational research design to examine the relationship between respondents' experience of plain language techniques, understandability and usability, extratextual factors, and the contexts in which these documents are encountered. Data collection involved a questionnaire-based survey, with 506 respondents participating through convenience sampling. The survey was conducted on the SUNSurvey platform at Stellenbosch University and was shared across social media platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, and WhatsApp to target individuals matching specific population characteristics. Respondents read one of 18 selected plain language documents and answered questions about the documents. Extratextual information, such as respondents' highest qualification level, annual income, home language, the variety of Afrikaans they speak, and the frequency with which they were exposed to the context, were collected. Engagement with the selected document was measured using Likert-scale statements. To assess understanding of the documents, factual questions were included, and usability questions were asked if respondents received one of the six forms that were tested. Experience with the plain language documents was also measured by means of Likert-scale statements. Importantly, respondents'experiences with specific plain language techniques were assessed, allowing them to express their experience with said techniques. The results of the study regarding respondents'experience of the plain language techniques used reveal overwhelmingly positive feedback. The Likert-scale ratings indicated that respondents across various demographic groups had favourable impressions of plain language techniques. This suggests that these techniques not only enhance document usability and understandability but are also well-received by users. The analysis of relationships between different variables yields intriguing findings. While many comparisons did not show statistically significant correlations, the noteworthy results are those that did. When examining respondents 'experiences with plain language techniques in documents across three contexts, no statistically significant relationship could be established, indicating positive experiences with these techniques across all contexts without contextual influence. In terms of understanding, most comparisons revealed a positive relationship between the experience of plain language techniques and understanding. This implies that respondents with more positive experiences better understood the documents, aligning with existing research and suggesting that improved understanding leads to more positive experiences. However, for usability there was no statistically significant relationship between the experience of plain language techniques and document usability, indicating that the study could not establish a clear link between these two factors. When considering extratextual factors, few statistically significant relationships were found. Only the respondents' home language showed a significant relationship with their experience of plain language techniques, suggesting that Afrikaans speakers had more positive experiences. For other extratextual factors, namely qualification, income level, and variety of Afrikaans, there were no significant correlations. In conclusion, this study highlights that positive experiences of plain language techniques are associated with better understandability, emphasising the importance of user experience in creating successful plain language documents. The results are positive for document designers, as diverse groups of people had positive experiences with these techniques, making plain language a tool for improving interactions with public documentation. This study suggests that considering user experience is crucial in defining plain language beyond just usability and understandability.

Die definisies van sowel die International Federation for Plain Language as die ISO Gewone Taal Standaard beklemtoon dat verstaanbaarheid en bruikbaarheid noodsaaklik is vir die skep van optimale gewonetaaldokumente. In hierdie studie voer ek egter aan dat daar 'n derde meetbare element van gewonetaaldokumente is wat 'n effek op die sukses daarvan het, naamlik die manier waarop die verbruiker die gewonetaaldokumente ervaar. Vir hierdie studie is ' n kwantitatiewe korrelasionele navorsingsontwerp gebruik om die verhouding tussen respondente se ervaring, verstaanbaarheid, en bruikbaarheid van gewone-taaldokumente, asook respondente se persoonlike eienskappe, en die kontekste waarin die gewonetaaldokumente voorkom, te bepaal. Opnamenavorsing met 'n vraelys as die data-insamelingsinstrument is uitgevoer en 506 respondente het aan die studie deelgeneem. Die resultate van die studie dui daarop dat respondente oor die algemeen positiewe ervarings met gewonetaaltegnieke in dokumente gehad het. Verder is 'n sterk positiewe verhouding tussen die ervaring en die verstaanbaarheid van die gewonetaaldokumente gevind. Dit dui aan dat 'n positiewe ervaring tot 'n beter begrip van die dokumente bydra. Dit is egter nie die geval met bruikbaarheid nie, aangesien geen statisties beduidende verhouding hier gevind is nie. Wat betref buitetekstuele faktore, het slegs huistaal 'n statisties beduidende invloed op die ervaring van gewonetaaltegnieke gehad. Die resultate van hierdie studie dui dus daarop dat ervaring 'n belangrike faktor is in die sukses van gewonetaaldokumente, en gevolglik oorweeg moet word om ervaring as een van die elemente in die definisie van gewone taal in te sluit.

This article investigates the transformative impact of the digital revolution on South African higher education institutions through a Systematic Literature Review. Thus, EBSCOHost, Emerald, Google Scholar, SAGE Journals, ScienceDirect, Springer Link, Elsevier, and Taylor & Francis were used to retrieve and analyse information from scholarly publications such as book chapters, reports, peer-reviewed journal articles, and other publications (n = 17) in South Africa between 2019 and 2023. The research questions of the study aided the discovery of significant themes to explore the transformative impact of the digital revolution on South African higher education institutions. The study found that challenges to embracing digital education in South African higher education institutions include resistance to change, marginalisation of certain socioeconomic groups, poor infrastructure, lack of funding, inadequate Fourth Industrial Revolution tools for instruction, and lack of Fourth Industrial Revolution skills training and development. In contrast, the opportunities include increased student enrolment, Massive Open Online Courses, use of technology to end social exclusion, research and development, and curriculum redesign. The study put forward recommendations that key stakeholders of higher education institutions can use to improve the curriculum in the digital revolution. Prospects for future research were suggested. The study concluded that while various challenges exist for the digital revolution in South African higher education institutions, opportunities can be explored.

Abstract This research analyzes the relationship between the economic and social dimensions that converge in the empowerment. The sample consist of sixteen businessmen and businesswomen owners of a MSMEs, of eight Mexican states, based on Gender and Development (GAD) theory. The context of the analysis is the economic crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The study involved semi-structured interviews, which were processed with Atlas Ti. The research applied an axial coding, linking the empowerment with the economic and social dimensions. It shows that the main motivation in the economic dimension of business owners is economic autonomy and the management of their time. At the beginning of the entrepreneurship, the main challenges were fear and lack of resources. Nowadays, the hardships they face are the pandemic effects, the payment of taxes, and insecurity. In the social dimension, business owners agree that family is a fundamental aspect of their life. The research concludes that social dimension divergence occurs in gender disparities like care of children and household activities done almost exclusively by women, which impacts their business activity (economic dimension). It is recommended to strengthen public policies focused on GAD and its multidimensional link to empowerment.

Resumen El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar las relaciones entre las dimensiones económicas y sociales que convergen en el empoderamiento, de una muestra de dieciséis empresarias y empresarios propietarios de una mipyme, pertenecientes a ocho entidades federativas de México, con base en la teoría del género en el desarrollo (GED). El contexto de estudio se ubica en los retos derivados de la crisis económica producida por la pandemia de COVID-19. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas, analizándose mediante Atlas Ti. Se aplicó la codificación axial, para relacionar la categoría de empoderamiento con las dimensiones económicas y sociales. Los hallazgos demostraron que en la dimensión económica la principal motivación de las y los empresarios es la autonomía económica y el manejo del tiempo propio. Los principales retos al iniciar fueron el miedo y la falta de recursos. Actualmente, los desafíos que afrontan son los efectos de la pandemia, el pago de impuestos y la inseguridad. En la dimensión social, concuerdan que la familia es un pilar fundamental. Se concluye que la divergencia de la dimensión social se presenta en las disparidades de género, en el cuidado casi exclusivo de los hijos y las actividades del hogar por parte de las mujeres, lo cual impacta en su actividad empresarial (dimensión económica). Se recomienda fortalecer la implementación de políticas públicas desde el GED y su vínculo multidimensional en el empoderamiento.

Resumo:A Universidade da Costa Rica (UCR) tem como um dos pilares fundamentais do seu trabalho a ação social e nela, a educação continuada. Pensando no anterior, a Escola de Engenharia Topográfica cria o projeto ED3550 Atividades de Formação e Atualização em Engenharia Topográfica. Este projeto representa a oportunidade de oferecer opções de formação e atualização sobre temas relevantes e inovadores para as populações interessadas, e assim estabelecer uma ligação com a sociedade no fortalecimento das suas competências e habilidades profissionais. Para promover atividades de formação continuada, foram implementadas estratégias de marketing digital baseadas em redes sociais, e-mails e dispositivos móveis, o que permitiu projeção nacional e internacional aos cursos e palestras que foram organizados, o que se manifestou numa ampla participação de profissionais. não só da engenharia topográfica, mas de carreiras afins como: engenharia civil, geografia, biologia, direito e engenharia ambiental, só para mencionar alguns exemplos. Apresentamos uma sistematização da experiência com base no método de cinco pontos proposto por Jara (2018), no qual uma análise quantitativa das conquistas alcançadas é realizada durante o período de 2020 a 2022. Em síntese, a conquista obtida ao longo de dois anos de implementação do projeto é creditada ao uso de meios digitais para promover as atividades do programa. Isso possibilitou uma exposição significativa a diversas comunidades, permitindo ao EIT estabelecer conexões sociais e fomentar a atualização profissional. Conclui-se então que o marketing digital contribui significativamente para o conhecimento da população alvo, o que nos permite oferecer soluções adequadas às suas necessidades formativas.

Resumen: La Universidad de Costa Rica (UCR) tiene como uno de los pilares fundamentales de su quehacer la acción social y dentro de esta la educación continua. Con sustento en lo anterior, es que la Escuela de Ingeniería Topográfica (EIT) crea el proyecto ED3550 Actividades de Capacitación y Actualización en Ingeniería Topográfica. Dicho proyecto representa la oportunidad de ofrecer opciones de capacitación y actualización en temas relevantes e innovadores a las poblaciones interesadas, y con ello establecer un vínculo con la sociedad en el fortalecimiento de sus habilidades y destrezas profesionales. Para la promoción de las actividades de educación continua, se han implementado estrategias de mercadeo digital basado en redes sociales, correo electrónico y dispositivos móviles, lo cual ha permitido darle proyección nacional e internacional a los cursos y charlas que se han organizado, lo que se ha manifestado en una amplia participación de profesionales no solo de ingeniería topográfica, sino de carreras afines, tales como ingeniería civil, geografía, biología, derecho e ingeniería ambiental, por mencionar algunos ejemplos. En este estudio, se presenta una sistematización de la experiencia basada en el método de los cinco puntos propuesto por Jara (2018), en la cual se realiza un análisis cuantitativo de los logros alcanzados durante el período de 2020 a 2022. En síntesis, el éxito que se ha logrado en dos años de ejecución del proyecto es atribuido al uso de medios digitales para la divulgación de las actividades programadas, lo que ha permitido tener una exposición importante ante poblaciones diversas y le ha posibilitado a la EIT establecer un vínculo social y el fomento de actualización profesional. Se concluye, entonces, que el mercadeo digital aporta significativamente en el conocimiento de la población meta, lo que permite ofrecer soluciones adecuadas a sus necesidades de formación

Abstract: One of the fundamental pillars of the University of Costa Rica (UCR) is social action, which includes continuing education. In this sense, the School of Topographic Engineering has created the project ED3550 Training and Updating Activities in Topographic Engineering. This project is an opportunity to provide training and updating in relevant and innovative topics to those interested, and to create a link with society to strengthen professional skills and abilities. The training activities are promoted through digital marketing on social networks, e-mail and mobile devices. This has given a national and international projection to the courses and lectures organized, resulting in a wide participation of professionals not only from topographic engineering, but also from other professions such as civil engineering, geography, biology, law and environmental engineering, among others. A systematization of the experience is presented, based on the five-point method proposed by Jara (2018), in which a quantitative analysis of the achievements during the period from 2020 to 2022 is carried out. In summary, the success achieved in two years of project implementation is attributed to the use of digital media for the dissemination of program activities, which has provided an important exposure to different populations and has allowed the EIT to establish a social link and promote professional updating. It is therefore concluded that digital marketing contributes significantly to the knowledge of the target population, which makes it possible to provide adequate solutions to their training needs.

ABSTRACT The macroeconomic approach is a way of analyzing and studying issues related to the global analysis of the economy. The objective of this paper is to estimate the influence of macro- economic determinants on the achievement of the monetary poverty reduction targets in Paraguay during the period 1997-2020. It works specifically with the first two targets that have to do with the eradication of extreme poverty and the reduction to 50% of total poverty. The macroeconomic determinants analyzed are GDP, CPI, the Gini index and social spending. For this purpose, we propose the application of an econometric model which, based on regression models, allows us to calculate the incidence of each of the variables analyzed on monetary poverty. In addition, projections are made to infer whether or not the objectives of SDG 1 can be met and under what conditions. The results obtained allow us to affirm, on one hand, that all the determinants analyzed have a significant impact on monetary poverty and, on the other hand, allow us to infer that none of the targets can be met by 2030, either by maintaining constant or even increasing economic growth. This leads to the conclusion that the effectiveness of poverty reduction strategies lies in combining efforts that link GDP growth with equitable redistribution of resources and social investment.

RESUMEN Este trabajo tiene como objetivo estimar la influencia de los determinantes macroeconómicos en la consecución de las metas de reducción de pobreza monetaria en Paraguay durante el período 1997-2020. Los determinantes macroeconómicos analizados son el PIB, el IPC, el índice de Gini y el gasto social. Para el efecto, se propone la aplicación de un modelo econométrico, el cual, a partir de modelos de regresión, permite calcular la incidencia de cada una de las variables analizadas sobre la pobreza monetaria. Además, se realizan proyecciones para inferir si se pueden cumplir o no con los objetivos del ODS 1 y bajo qué condiciones. Los resultados obtenidos permiten afirmar, por un lado, que todos los determinantes analizados inciden significativamente sobre la pobreza monetaria y, por otro lado, permiten inferir que ninguna de las metas se puede cumplir al 2030, ya sea manteniendo constante o incluso aumentando el crecimiento económico. Esto permite concluir que la eficacia en las estrategias de reducción de pobreza radica en combinar esfuerzos que vinculen el aumento del PIB con la redistribución equitativa de recursos y la inversión social.

Abstract The rise in the study of sexualised drug use among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (MSM), known as chemsex, has generated a multiplicity of data that contribute to its problematisation as a public health issue through the link with HIV and addictions. The study of these practices, from a biomedical paradigm, has focused on risk and has contributed to its reduction as a unique and quantifiable phenomenon. This study aims to explore the experience of risk in the course of the practices, to find out what management strategies they employ in the face of risk and how they are generated. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with five chemsex practitioners in the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona and, subsequently, a thematic analysis was applied. The findings show how these men detect, assume and confront the risks present in these practices, where the type of relationships that take place and the social circle available to them are relevant. This study also highlights the creation of strategies based on experience and how the transmission of this knowledge among participants facilitates decision-making and risk management. gay MSM, MSM , (MSM) addictions practices paradigm phenomenon Semistructured Semi structured subsequently applied detect relevant decisionmaking decision making (MSM

Resumen El auge en el estudio del uso sexualizado de drogas entre hombres gais, bisexuales u otros hombres que tienen sexo con hombres (HSH), conocido como chemsex, ha generado una multiplicidad de datos que contribuyen a su problematización en tanto cuestión de salud pública a través del vínculo con el VIH y las adicciones. El estudio de estas prácticas, desde un paradigma biomédico, se ha centrado en el riesgo y ha contribuido a su reducción como fenómeno único y cuantificable. Este estudio tiene como objetivo explorar la vivencia del riesgo en el transcurso de las prácticas, para conocer qué estrategias de manejo emplean frente a éste y de qué manera son generadas. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a cinco practicantes de chemsex en el Área Metropolitana de Barcelona y, posteriormente se aplicó un análisis temático. Los hallazgos muestran cómo estos hombres detectan, asumen y enfrentan los riesgos presentes en estas prácticas, donde toman relevancia el tipo de relaciones que allí se dan y el círculo social del que disponen. Este estudio destaca también la creación de estrategias basadas en la experiencia y cómo la transmisión de estos saberes entre participantes facilita la toma de decisiones y el manejo del riesgo. gais HSH, HSH , (HSH) adicciones prácticas biomédico cuantificable generadas temático detectan disponen (HSH

Abstract The rise in the study of sexualised drug use among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (MSM), known as chemsex, has generated a multiplicity of data that contribute to its problematisation as a public health issue through the link with HIV and addictions. The study of these practices, from a biomedical paradigm, has focused on risk and has contributed to its reduction as a unique and quantifiable phenomenon. This study aims to explore the experience of risk in the course of the practices, to find out what management strategies they employ in the face of risk and how they are generated. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with five chemsex practitioners in the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona and, subsequently, a thematic analysis was applied. The findings show how these men detect, assume and confront the risks present in these practices, where the type of relationships that take place and the social circle available to them are relevant. This study also highlights the creation of strategies based on experience and how the transmission of this knowledge among participants facilitates decision-making and risk management.

Resumen El auge en el estudio del uso sexualizado de drogas entre hombres gais, bisexuales u otros hombres que tienen sexo con hombres (HSH), conocido como chemsex, ha generado una multiplicidad de datos que contribuyen a su problematización en tanto cuestión de salud pública a través del vínculo con el VIH y las adicciones. El estudio de estas prácticas, desde un paradigma biomédico, se ha centrado en el riesgo y ha contribuido a su reducción como fenómeno único y cuantificable. Este estudio tiene como objetivo explorar la vivencia del riesgo en el transcurso de las prácticas, para conocer qué estrategias de manejo emplean frente a éste y de qué manera son generadas. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a cinco practicantes de chemsex en el Área Metropolitana de Barcelona y, posteriormente se aplicó un análisis temático. Los hallazgos muestran cómo estos hombres detectan, asumen y enfrentan los riesgos presentes en estas prácticas, donde toman relevancia el tipo de relaciones que allí se dan y el círculo social del que disponen. Este estudio destaca también la creación de estrategias basadas en la experiencia y cómo la transmisión de estos saberes entre participantes facilita la toma de decisiones y el manejo del riesgo.

Abstract Creating a new awareness of the environmental crisis has been on the agendas, either directly or indirectly, of many social actors and media products. These include films and videos focusing on environmental issues, given the current important role of audiovisual culture. Against this backdrop, this paper focuses on the Latin American documentaries Hija de la Laguna (Daughter of the Lake; 2015) and A Mãe de Todas as Lutas (The Mother of all Fights; 2021), with the aim of discussing their possible contributions to a broader perception of climate action. Based on a film analysis centred on the protagonists, the aesthetic and stylistic choices of each work, we look into how the narratives of the two documentaries intertwine information and subjective knowledge, the individual and the collective, the local and the global, personal memory and public archives, among other argumentative markers. These categorisations are compared to the decolonial perspective, which is taken up in the text in a broad way, that is in the dialogue with authors who embody the struggles of indigenous and/or marginalised people into decolonial theory. Among the results found, we highlight that the documentaries establish counternarratives that allow us to identify the emergence of female protagonism in the struggles for land and water ownership, the critical stance towards extractivism (and neo-extractivism) and lingering ethnic-racial prejudice. Also worth noting in both films, the documentary language values the subject, without failing to link them with the social context.

Resumo A constituição de uma nova sensibilidade em relação à crise ambiental tem sido pauta, direta ou indiretamente, de diversos atores sociais e produtos midiáticos. Destes, destacam-se os filmes e vídeos que focam a temática ambiental, em função do papel relevante que a cultura audiovisual representa hoje. Com essas premissas, este artigo foca os documentários latino-americanos Hija de la Laguna (2015) e A Mãe de Todas as Lutas (2021), com o propósito de discutir suas possíveis contribuições para uma percepção ampliada das causas climáticas. A partir da análise fílmica centrada nas protagonistas e nas escolhas estéticas e estilísticas de cada obra, este texto investiga como as narrativas dos dois documentários entrelaçam informação e conhecimento subjetivo; indivíduo e coletivo; local e global; memória pessoal e arquivos públicos; entre outros marcadores argumentativos. Essas categorizações são cotejadas ao posicionamento decolonial, assumido no texto de forma ampla, isto é, em diálogo com autores que incorporam as lutas das populações indígenas e/ou marginalizadas à teoria decolonial. Dentre os resultados encontrados, ressaltamos que os documentários estabelecem contranarrativas que permitem identificar a emersão do protagonismo feminino nas lutas pela posse da terra e da água, o posicionamento crítico em relação ao extrativismo (e neoextrativismo) e a permanência dos preconceitos étnico-raciais. Ressalta-se, ainda, nos dois filmes, a constituição de uma linguagem documentária que valoriza o sujeito, sem deixar de articulá-lo ao contexto social.

Abstract This article explores “humble dreams” as a local model of an imagined future, emerging from diverse and historically situated conversations that build common sense and enable people to imagine other possible lives and engage with them in the present. Based on this idea, an experience of social change is explored in the Mezquital Valley, a Mexican indigenous population that, during the 20thcentury, was described by anthropology as the poorest and socioculturally most backward indigenous region of Mexico. The author focuses on a concrete expression of those “humble dreams”: the construction of the cement house, that was installed early on as the main aspiration for the workers who left the region to earn a living. The construction of the cement house allowed and allows temporary learnings related to the link between present and future, as well as forms of belonging to the communities that enable those who “andan lejos” to continue being part of their communities.

Resumo Neste artigo analisam-se os “sonhos humildes” enquanto modelo local de futuro imaginado que emerge de conversas diversas e historicamente situadas na construção de sentidos comuns que possibilitem às pessoas imaginar outras vidas possíveis e comprometer-se com elas no presente. A partir desta ideia, analisa-se uma experiência de mudança social no Valle del Mezquital, uma população indígena que durante o século XX foi descrita pela antropologia como a região indígena mais pobre e socioculturalmente atrasada do México. O autor centra-se numa expressão concreta desses sonhos humildes: a construção da casa de cimento, que desde cedo surgiu como principal aspiração dos trabalhadores que saíram da região para ganhar a vida. A construção da casa de cimento permitiu e permite aprendizagens temporais relacionadas com a articulação entre presente e futuro, bem como formas de pertença a comunidades que permitem que quem “anda longe” continue a fazer parte das suas comunidades.

Abstract This essay aims to systematize the characteristics of the process developed between 2017 - 2023 to build political advocacy towards a reform in Costa Rican technical vocational education and training (TVET), in the framework of the projects called: Link between education and the labor market: under what conditions can technical vocational education and training improve the economic income of the young population? and Thematic Observatory of Technical Vocational Education and Training (OBEFOTEP), from collaborative action research, as a conceptual and methodological approach. In this specific case, collaborative action research has been used as a strategy for accompanying the personnel responsible for making decisions and carrying out curricular and political changes in TVET in Costa Rica, as a mechanism for joint construction, critical comprehensive reflection and continuous improvement based on research evidence. It is based on the experience shared with the Department of Technical Education and Entrepreneurial Skills of the Ministry of Public Education (DETCE - MEP) and the curriculum design and evaluation teams of the National Learning Institute (INA) to carry out actions aimed at curricular transformation and the creation of synergies for joint work under the framework of the National System of Technical Vocational Education and Training (SINEFOTEP). Collaborative action research not only allows the appropriation of research processes by all participating social actors, but also the possibility of generating research evidence that allows for feedback and key information regarding the reforms, since the greatest contribution of this strategy is the trust and credibility shared in the process, which is fundamental for decision making.

Resumen Este ensayo tiene como objetivo presentar las características del proceso de acompañamiento a instituciones vinculadas con la educación y formación técnica profesional (EFTP) desarrollado entre el 2017-2023 para construir incidencia política hacia una reforma de la EFTP costarricense, en el marco de los proyectos denominados: Vínculo entre educación y el mercado laboral: ¿bajo cuáles condiciones puede la educación y formación técnica profesional mejorar el ingreso económico de la población joven? y Observatorio Temático de la Educación y Formación Técnica Profesional (OBEFOTEP), desde la investigación acción colaborativa, como enfoque conceptual y metodológico. En el caso específico se ha utilizado la investigación acción colaborativa como la estrategia de apoyo y seguimiento al personal responsable de tomar decisiones y de realizar los cambios tanto curriculares como políticos en la EFTP en Costa Rica, como un mecanismo de construcción conjunta, reflexión comprensiva crítica y de mejora continua basada en evidencia producto de la investigación. Se retoma en la experiencia compartida con el Departamento de Educación Técnica y Capacidades Emprendedoras del Ministerio de Educación Pública (DETCE - MEP) y los equipos de diseño curricular y evaluación del Instituto Nacional de Aprendizaje (INA) para realizar acciones con miras a la transformación curricular y creación de sinergias para el trabajo en conjunto bajo el marco del Sistema Nacional de Educación y Formación Técnica Profesional (SINEFOTEP). La investigación acción colaborativa, no solo permite la apropiación de procesos investigativos de todos los actores sociales participantes, sino también la posibilidad de generar evidencias de investigación que permitan realimentar las reformas y contar con información clave respecto a estas, ya que la mayor contribución de esta estrategia es la confianza y la credibilidad compartida en el proceso, pues es fundamental para la toma de decisiones.

ABSTRACT Higher education is immersed in the deep and dynamic transformations of society, therefore it must be able to provide timely, relevant and contextualized responses to the growing and diverse demands of the environment, which implies conducting studies that allow determining the situation of the context, so that the management of its processes contributes to the transformation of reality. One way to carry out this type of study is the baseline research, the basis of this work, whose objective is to socialize the results of a baseline study from the process of Linking with Society, to contribute to the identification of the existing social problems in Manabí and the institutional capacity to respond to them from the integration of substantive processes, for sustainable development. For this, a concurrent mixed investigation was carried out, which allowed determining the problems with the highest frequency of appearance, the actions that the institution can undertake to mitigate these, the level of theoretical-practical knowledge and the willingness to participate in project management. of social transformation. These results allowed us to propose actions to integrate the substantive processes to mitigate the problems detected.

RESUMEN La educación superior se encuentra inmersa en las profundas y dinámicas transformaciones de la sociedad, por ello debe ser capaz de brindar respuestas oportunas, pertinentes y contextualizadas a las demandas crecientes y diversas del entorno, lo que implica la realización de estudios que permitan determinar la situación real del contexto, para que la gestión de sus procesos contribuya a la transformación de la realidad. Una vía para llevar a cabo este tipo de estudio, son las investigaciones de línea base, base del presente trabajo, cuyo objetivo es socializar los resultados de un estudio de línea de base desde el proceso de Vinculación con la Sociedad, para contribuir a la identificación de las problemáticas sociales existentes en Manabí y la capacidad institucional para responder a ellas desde la integración de los procesos sustantivos, por un desarrollo sostenible. Para ello, se realizó una investigación mixta concurrente, la cual permitió determinar las problemáticas con mayor frecuencia de aparición, las acciones que puede acometer la institución para mitigar estas, el nivel de conocimiento teórico-práctico y la disposición de participar en la gestión de proyectos de transformación social. Estos resultados permitieron proponer acciones de integración de los procesos sustantivos para mitigar las problemáticas detectadas.