Abstract The importance of humanitarian social intervention in situations of vulnerability in Ecuador is a topic that is extremely important to discuss since human solidarity is derived from it to help people who are going through some type of crisis, the objective of this article. It is to publicize the help that is provided to people or groups who are going through extreme problems and difficulties. The purpose of carrying out research focused on humanitarian social intervention in vulnerable environments in Ecuador is to offer information and knowledge through a bibliographic analysis. This will allow professionals and organizations involved in social intervention to design and apply effective strategies to address the needs of vulnerable people. Research can be key to identifying the underlying causes of vulnerability, evaluating the effectiveness of current interventions and proposing new solutions to improve the quality of life of those affected. This study seeks to determine the impact of humanitarian social interventions in vulnerable contexts in Ecuador and highlight their relevance. It is hoped that this analysis will not only inform current practices, but also inspire innovation and promote collaboration among diverse actors involved in caring for vulnerable populations.

Resumen La importancia de la intervención social humanitaria en situaciones de vulnerabilidad en Ecuador es un tema del cual se de suma importancia discutir ya que de este se deriva la solidaridad humana en ayuda de las personas que están atravesando algún tipo de crisis, el objetivo de este artículo es dar a conocer la ayuda que se brinda a las personas o grupos que están pasando por problemas y dificultades extremas. El propósito de llevar a cabo una investigación centrada en la intervención social humanitaria en entornos vulnerables en Ecuador es ofrecer información y conocimientos a través de un análisis bibliográfico. Esto permitirá a los profesionales y organizaciones implicadas en la intervención social diseñar y aplicar estrategias efectivas para atender las necesidades de las personas vulnerables. La investigación puede ser clave para identificar las causas subyacentes de la vulnerabilidad, evaluar la eficacia de las intervenciones actuales y proponer nuevas soluciones para mejorar la calidad de vida de los afectados. Este estudio busca determinar el impacto de las intervenciones sociales humanitarias en contextos vulnerables en Ecuador y destacar su relevancia. Se espera que este análisis no solo informe las prácticas actuales, sino que también inspire la innovación y promueva la colaboración entre diversos actores involucrados en la atención a poblaciones vulnerables.

RESUMEN La presencia de agrupaciones del crimen organizado transnacional junto a otros aspectos en el contexto penitenciario y las condiciones de infraestructura y de dotación de los centros de rehabilitación social que se conjugan con la sobrepoblación que ocasiona el hacinamiento, se ubican como las principales causas de la crisis del sector penitenciario que ha traído como consecuencia situaciones de extrema violencia. La investigación realizada se enmarca en el estudio de la crisis carcelaria como un problema global, y tiene como objetivo realizar un análisis de la crisis penitenciaria en el Ecuador y la intervención de la cooperación internacional como un mecanismo para coadyuvar en asuntos de seguridad interna, especialmente mediante el apoyo a la lucha contra el crimen transnacional organizado, el cual se ha infiltrado en los centros de privación de la libertad. Mediante el empleo del método de análisis documental, se ha procurado el estudio de la situación carcelaria, la incidencia del crimen organizado y la necesidad de plantear soluciones en la esfera de la cooperación internacional; particularmente se describen los aspectos más relevantes del Programa de Asistencia contra el Crimen Transnacional Organizado Europa Latinoamérica (EL PAcCTO) procurando mostrar las posibles soluciones a la crisis descrita. Como conclusión, se muestra la relación existente entre distintos flagelos como la corrupción y la vulneración de los derechos humanos como aspectos que deberán ser atendidos.

ABSTRACT The presence of transnational organized crime groups, along with other aspects in the prison context, and the conditions of infrastructure and equipment of social rehabilitation centers, which combine with overcrowding, causing overcrowding, are the main causes of the crisis in the prison sector, which has resulted in situations of extreme violence. The research carried out is framed in the study of the prison crisis as a global problem, with the objective of carrying out an analysis of the prison crisis in Ecuador and the intervention of international cooperation as a mechanism to contribute to matters of internal security, especially by supporting the fight against transnational organized crime, which has infiltrated the centres of deprivation of liberty. Using the documentary analysis method, the study of the prison situation and the incidence of organized crime and the need to propose solutions in the field of international cooperation have been attempted, particularly the most relevant aspects of the Assistance Program against Transnational Organized Crime Europe Latin America (EL PAcCTO) are described, trying to show the possible solutions to the crisis described. In conclusion, the relationship between different scourges such as corruption and the violation of human rights is shown as aspects that must be addressed.

RESUMEN La discriminación y las violencias basadas en género dirigidas en contra de la población LGBTIQ+ se han estructurado a través de los años en una sociedad heteronormativa, machista, patriarcal y religiosa, causando así graves violaciones a derechos humanos relacionada a factores de comisión de delitos como el homicidio, feminicidio y la tortura. Algo característico de la comisión de estos actos es la sistematicidad y el factor de diversidad sexual y de género por el cual se realizan, con el fin de adaptar un pensamiento conservador implementado en la sociedad, causando diferentes formas de discriminación, discursos de odio e interseccionalidad que afectan el pleno desarrollo y la garantía de una vida digna para la población LGBTIQ+. Debido a la zozobra generada en la población LGBTIQ+, y sumado a ello el rasgo histórico de esta violencia sistemática, resulta necesario e interesante abordar la perspectiva de los delitos de lesa humanidad desde un análisis de la diversidad sexual como factor indiscutible de que el género y las diversidades sexuales deben contar con una intervención y aplicación de las tipificaciones contempladas en el Estatuto de Roma, buscando que estos instrumentos internacionales se adapten plenamente a realidades sociales presentes, que han causado en la comunidad internacional preocupación y obligaciones para una plena garantía de derechos e igualdad social para la población LGBTIQ+.

ABSTRACT Discrimination and gender-based violence directed against the LGBTIQ+ population have been structured over the years in a heteronormative, sexist, patriarchal and religious society, thus causing serious violations of human rights related to factors in the commission of crimes such as homicide, feminicide and torture; Something characteristic of the commission of these acts is the systematicity and the factor of sexual and gender diversity by which they are carried out, in order to adapt a conservative thought implemented in society, causing different forms of discrimination, hate speech and intersectionality. that affect the full development and guarantee of a dignified life for the LGBTIQ+ population. Due to the anxiety generated in the LGBTIQ+ population, and added to this the historical feature of this systematic violence, it is necessary and interesting to address the perspective of crimes against humanity from an analysis of sexual diversity as an indisputable factor that gender and sexual diversities must have an intervention and application of the classifications contemplated in the Rome Statute, seeking that these international instruments fully adapt to present social realities and that have caused concern and obligations in the international community for a full guarantee of rights and social equality for the LGBTIQ+ population.

RESUMO Neste artigo, discutimos a afetividade e a imaginação como funções psicológicas superiores a partir do uso de mapas afetivos na pesquisa e intervenção em psicologia como uma abordagem que pode utilizar os desenhos e metáforas como recursos. Como exemplo, apresentamos resultados de seu uso junto a usuários de políticas de educação, de saúde e de assistência social, moradores de uma comunidade na região metropolitana de Fortaleza, Ceará. Concluímos que a psicologia deve considerar também, em sua atuação em políticas públicas, as capacidades criativas e emancipatórias para a superação das vulnerabilidades e desigualdades sociais. artigo recursos exemplo educação social Fortaleza Ceará também públicas sociais

ABSTRACT In this article, we discuss affectivity and imagination as higher psychological functions based on the use of affective maps in research and intervention in psychology as an approach that can use drawings and metaphors as resources. As an example, we present results of their use in education, health and social assistance policies in a community in the metropolitan region of Fortaleza, Ceará. We conclude that psychology must also consider creative and emancipatory capabilities in its public policy actions to overcome social vulnerabilities and inequalities. article resources example education Fortaleza Ceará inequalities

RESUMEN El objetivo de este artículo es presentar los resultados de una revisión bibliográfica exploratoria acerca de las concepciones de profesores universitarios sobre la escritura académica en 35 artículos de investigación hallados en las bases de datos Scopus, Web of Science, Ebsco y Scielo. Se usó el análisis de contenido para identificar la definición de concepciones sobre escritura y las tendencias teóricas de estas, las metodologías que se han usado para indagarlas, las disciplinas que se han interesado por esta temática en términos de investigación y las tendencias de dichas concepciones. Los resultados muestran que las concepciones se sitúan en una función comunicativa instrumental explicadas desde representaciones sociales o teorías implícitas, además existe poco reconocimiento de la mediación en el aprendizaje de las disciplinas científicas. Las áreas de mayor investigación e interés en la temática son las ciencias sociales, humanidades y ciencias naturales; las técnicas cualitativas como las entrevistas en profundidad y el análisis de contenido son predominantes como decisiones metodológicas en estos estudios. Estos resultados son insumos importantes para la elaboración de programas de intervención e innovación pedagógica para profesores de educación superior de cualquier área del conocimiento.

RESUMO O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar os resultados de uma revisão exploratória da literatura sobre as concepções de professores universitários sobre redação acadêmica em 35 artigos de pesquisa encontrados nas bases de dados Scopus, Web of Science, Ebsco e Scielo. A análise de conteúdo foi usada para identificar a definição de concepções de redação e as tendências teóricas dessas concepções, as metodologias que foram usadas para investigá-las, as disciplinas que se interessaram por esse tópico em termos de pesquisa e as tendências dessas concepções. Os resultados mostram que as concepções estão situadas em uma função instrumental comunicativo explicado com base em representações sociais ou teorias implícitas, mas há pouco reconhecimento da mediação na aprendizagem de disciplinas científicas; as áreas de maior pesquisa são as ciências sociais, humanas e naturais, e as técnicas qualitativas, como entrevistas em profundidade e análise de conteúdo, são predominantes como escolhas metodológicas nesses estudos. Esses resultados são insumos importantes para o desenvolvimento de programas de intervenção e inovação pedagógica para professores de ensino superior de qualquer área de conhecimento.

ABSTRACT The aim of this article is to present the results of an exploratory literature review of university professors' conceptions of academic writing in 35 research articles found in the Scopus, Web of Science, Ebsco, and Scielo databases. Content analysis was used to identify the definition of writing conceptions and their theoretical trends, the methodologies that have been used to investigate them, the disciplines that have been interested in this topic in terms of research, and the trends of these conceptions. The results show that the conceptions are situated in an instrumental communicative function explained from social representations or implicit theories, but there is little recognition of mediation in the learning of scientific disciplines. The areas of greatest research are the social sciences, humanities, and natural sciences, and qualitative techniques such as in-depth interviews and content analysis are predominant as methodological decisions in these studies. These results are important inputs for the elaboration of intervention and pedagogical innovation programs for higher education teachers.

Abstract Background: Loneliness and social isolation are significant public health issues. Family nurses play a vital role in identifying and preventing these phenomena and designing interventions to address them. Objective: To evaluate the impact of non-face-to-face follow-up consultations with family nurses on social isolation, quality of life, and disease self-management of older adults living alone in the community. Methodology: This pre-experimental study utilizes a one-group pretest-posttest design on a sample of 24 older adult patients. The Lubben Social Network Scale-6 (LSNS-6), the World Health Organization Quality of Life Group (WHOQOL) - OLD scale, and the Portuguese Version of the Therapeutic Self-Care Scale were used for data collection. Results: Following the intervention, patients’ satisfaction with the family nurse’s follow-up improved (p < 0.001). Additionally, there was a 33.3% increase in self-care management and a reduction in the risk of social isolation (45.8% to 33.3%). Although not statistically significant, there was also an increase in the global score of the quality of life variable. Conclusion: The non-face-to-face telenursing consultations positively affected the older adult patients’ satisfaction with the family nurse’s contact and follow-up, reduced social isolation, and improved self-care activities.

Resumo Enquadramento: A solidão e/ou isolamento social (IS) representa um problema de saúde pública. Os enfermeiros de família (EF), têm um papel crucial na prevenção, identificação e intervenção dos mesmos. Objetivo: Avaliar o impacte do acompanhamento por consulta não presencial do EF no IS, qualidade de vida (QdV) e autogestão da doença de pessoas idosas (PI) a viver só na comunidade. Metodologia: Estudo pré-experimental com desenho pré e pós, com 24 PI. Utilizou-se na recolha de dados: a escala breve de redes sociais de Lubben, a escala World Health Organization Quality of Life Group e o instrumento de autocuidado terapêutico. Resultados: Após a intervenção verificou-se uma melhoria no acompanhamento pelo EF (p < 0,001), um aumento de 33,3% na gestão do autocuidado e redução do risco de IS (45,8% para 33,3%). Na QdV houve um aumento no score global, contudo não estatisticamente significativo. Conclusão: O acompanhamento por consulta não presencial do EF teve efeito positivo no contacto e acompanhamento pelo EF, mitigação do IS e na melhoria de atividades de autocuidado.

Resumen Marco contextual: La soledad o el aislamiento social (IS) constituyen un problema de salud pública. Los enfermeros de familia (EF) desempeñan un papel crucial en la prevención, identificación e intervención en estos problemas. Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto del seguimiento mediante consulta no presencial del EF en el IS, la calidad de vida (QdV) y la autogestión de la enfermedad en personas mayores (PI) que viven solas en la comunidad. Metodología: Estudio preexperimental con diseño previo y posterior, con 24 PI. Para la recogida de datos se utilizó la escala breve de redes sociales de Lubben, la escala World Health Organization Quality of Life Group y el instrumento de autocuidado terapéutico. Resultados: Tras la intervención, se produjo una mejora de la supervisión por parte de los EF (p < 0,001), un aumento del 33,3% en la gestión del autocuidado y la reducción del riesgo de IS (45,8% para 33,3%). En la QdV hubo un aumento de la puntuación global, pero no fue estadísticamente significativo. Conclusión: El seguimiento mediante consulta no presencial con el EF tuvo un efecto positivo en el contacto y acompañamiento por parte del EF, la reducción del IS y la mejora de las actividades de autocuidado.

RESUMEN Introducción: El cáncer colorrectal constituye causa de muerte en la población mundial. El objetivo del trabajo es exponer los resultados del proyecto de investigación Intervención psicosocial para la prevención, manejo y tratamiento del cáncer colorrectal en Camagüey. Método: El estudio es del tipo Investigación+Desarrollo. Se gestionó en el Centro de Desarrollo de las Ciencias Sociales y Humanísticas en Salud, de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Camagüey y desde la Consulta provincial de atención a los pacientes con cáncer colorrectal se extendió al nivel primario, entre abril de 2020 y abril de 2023. La muestra constituida por 50 pacientes diagnosticados en la consulta provincial de Coloproctología del Hospital Universitario Manuel Ascunce Domenech y sus familiares y 60 integrantes del Grupo Básico de Trabajo del Policlínico Docente José Martí Pérez. Resultados: Contribuyó al conocimiento del modo en que incide el cáncer colorrectal en la población de la provincia y sobre las relaciones entre las atenciones primaria y secundaria. Se implementaron acciones con enfoque psicosocial, se establecieron relaciones interinstitucionales entre las entidades participantes. Se elevó la cultura del paciente y sus familiares y la formación posgraduada de profesionales. La investigación generó el sistema de estrategias. Discusión: Se constató la correspondencia de los resultados con los de investigadores del mundo y de Cuba, en lo cual destaca el trabajo con la comunidad y la superación profesional para lograr la prevención.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The cancer colorrectal constitutes cause of death in the world population. The objective of the work is to expose the results of the project of investigation Intervention psicosocial for the prevention, handling and treatment of the cancer colorrectal in Camagüey. Method: The study is of the type Investigación+Desarrollo. It was negotiated in the Center of Development of the Social and Humanistic Sciences in Health, of the University of Medical Sciences of Camagüey and from the provincial Consultation of attention to the patients with cancer colorrectal extended at the primary level, between April of 2020 and April of 2023. The sample constituted by 50 patients diagnosed in the provincial consultation of Coloproctología of the University Hospital Manuel Ascunce Domenech and their relatives; and 60 members of the Basic Group of Work of the Educational Policlínico José Martí Pérez. Results: It contributed to the knowledge in the way in that it impacts the cancer colorrectal in the population of the county and envelope the relationships among the primary and secondary attentions. Actions were implemented with focus psicosocial, relationships interinstitucional settled down among the participant entities. He/she rose the patient's culture and their relatives and the formation posgraduate of professionals. The investigation generated the system of strategies. Discussion: The correspondence of the results was verified with those of investigators of the world and of Cuba, in that which highlights the work with the community and the professional overcoming to achieve the prevention.

Abstract Introduction: Gender is a social determinant of people's health. Integrating a gender perspective into medical education makes improving clinical skills and investigating biopsychosocial differences possible, contributing to health equity. Despite the global concern of reducing the gender gap in education and society, incorporating the gender approach in health in medical schools in Chile is uncertain. This study aims to report whether student representatives from medical schools in Chile perceive the incorporation of gender-related topics in their respective curricula and to understand these perceptions by considering some indicators of gender equity in their medical schools and universities as a context. Methods: This is an exploratory study in 2023 that surveyed student representatives from all accredited medical schools in our country. Results: With a response rate of 75%, most students identified some educational intervention related to a gender approach in health in their training. The review of public data showed progress in the presence of organizations in charge of ensuring gender equality in the country's universities. These data are observed when the percentage of female enrollment is higher than that of men. However, this feminization does not coincide with female representation, which decreases as one rises in positions of authority. Discussion: More studies are needed to explore the perception of the academic community about this issue and identify curricular opportunities to implement the gender approach in health.

Resumen Introducción: el género es una determinante social de la salud de las personas. Integrar en la educación médica una perspectiva de género permite mejorar habilidades clínicas y pesquisar diferencias biopsicosociales, contribuyendo a la equidad en salud. A pesar de la preocupación global por reducir la brecha de género en educación y sociedad, la incorporación del enfoque de género en las escuelas de medicina en Chile es incierta. El objetivo de este estudio es reportar si las representaciones estudiantiles de las escuelas de medicina de Chile perciben la incorporación de las temáticas de género en sus currículos y comprender estas percepciones considerando como contexto algunos indicadores de equidad de género de sus facultades de medicina y universidades. Material y método: se trata de un estudio exploratorio realizado el 2023 que encuestó integrantes de la representación estudiantil de las escuelas de medicina acreditadas en Chile. Resultados: con una tasa de respuesta del 75%, la mayoría del estudiantado identifica alguna intervención educativa relacionada con enfoque de género en salud en su formación. La revisión de los datos públicos arrojó un avance en la presencia de organismos encargados de velar por la equidad de género en las universidades. Estos datos se observan en un momento en que el porcentaje de ingreso femenino es mayor que el masculino. Sin embargo, en la estructura organizacional de la unidad académica, la representación femenina disminuye conforme se asciende en cargos de autoridad. Discusión: existen instancias formativas relacionadas al género en las escuelas de medicina Chilenas, sin embargo, se necesitan más estudios que exploren la percepción de la comunidad académica acerca de este tema e identifiquen oportunidades curriculares para implementar el enfoque de género en salud.

Abstract This article shares a reflection on the complementarity of the use of Photo-provocation and the Methodology of Narrative Productions (MPN) applied in a virtual context in the field of studies of old age and social exclusion. First, it describes the discrimination that affects older people and older women, exacerbated by the use of methodological strategies that generally infantilize and dismiss the agency of the older population in the processes of intervention and research. Second, a research experience with older women activists in Chile conducted between 2018 and 2022 is presented. It is exposed how the research was adapted to a virtual design and develops the use of MPN and Photo-provocation, as strategies that when used together contribute to remote work with older women. This work offers an empirical description and a theoretical-methodological reflection of this research experience. The final considerations discuss the contribution of the narrative-visual scaffolding to the production of scientific knowledge in the area of aging, its contributions to the recognition of the agency of older women and their visibility as subjects of knowledge. The ethical-political commitment to which these methodologies are ascribed, characterized by facilitating proximity to the participants, critical analysis of the problems that affect them and the search for collective solutions based on the recognition of their experiences. Likewise, its potential to confront the ageism entrenched in traditional scientific production.

Resúmen Este artículo comparte una reflexión sobre la complementariedad del uso de la Foto-provocación y la Metodología de las Producciones Narrativas (MPN) aplicadas en contexto virtual en el campo de los estudios de vejez y exclusión social. En primer lugar, se describe la discriminación que afecta a las personas mayores y a las mujeres mayores en particular, agudizada mediante el uso de estrategias metodológicas que por lo general infantilizan y desestiman la agencia de la población mayor en los procesos de intervención e investigación. En segundo lugar, se presenta una experiencia de investigación con mujeres mayores activistas en Chile realizada entre el 2018 y 2022. Se expone como se adaptó la investigación a un diseño virtual y se desarrolla la utilización de la MPN y la Foto-provocación, como estrategias que al ser utilizadas conjuntamente contribuyen al trabajo remoto con mujeres mayores. Este trabajo, ofrece una descripción empírica y una reflexión teórico-metodológica de esta experiencia investigativa. En las consideraciones finales se discute la contribución del andamiaje narrativo-visual a la producción de conocimiento científico en el área del envejecimiento, sus aportes al reconocimiento de la agencialidad de las mujeres mayores y su visibilidad como sujetas de conocimiento. Se distingue el compromiso ético-político al que se adscriben estas metodologías, caracterizado por facilitar la proximidad con los participantes, el análisis crítico frente a las problemáticas que les afectan y la búsqueda de soluciones colectivas en base al reconocimiento de sus experiencias. Asimismo, su potencial para confrontar el edadismo enquistado en la producción científica tradicional.

Abstract Portuguese Traditional Music is often overlooked in formal teaching at music schools in Portugal. Furthermore, there has been little research into its use in the classroom and the informal learning practices associated with it. Thus, an Educational Project was developed and implemented in 2021/2022, at the Regional Conservatory of Ponta Delgada (CRPD), involving 7 violin students aged between 9 and 14 years and focused on learning songs from the Traditional Music of the Azores. These songs were prepared in class using informal learning practices - auditory learning and analysis, the use of recordings, memorisation without the use of sheet music, improvisation, etc. - and presented at a concert. Additionally, a research study was conducted to analyse the effects of such intervention on the motivation, learning and attitudes of the students, as well as the perceptions developed by the students, their parents, the teachers, and the general public involved in this experience. The study also aimed to assess the feasibility of combining formal and informal learning practices in violin teaching at the CRPD and to evaluate its implications for the preservation of regional cultural identity. To this end, qualitative data were collected, through direct observation of classes with field notes, audiovisual recordings, semi-structured interviews with the students, anonymous questionnaires to the parents and the audience present at the concert, and 27 violin teachers. This data was subjected to content analysis, namely by organising it into categories and sub-categories. The results show that the inclusion of Azorean Traditional Music, using informal learning practices, had a positive effect on the students' motivation, enhancing the development of technical, musical, cognitive, and social skills. In addition, the Azorean Traditional Music concert proved to be an effective means of disseminating and valuing the region's cultural heritage, boosting the students' identity development, and preserving the region's cultural identity.

Abstract Introduction: The Internet has transformed the daily lives of young people, facilitating their virtual education and their communication with the world. However, in recent years, Internet addiction has increased worryingly, characterized by excessive dependence and problematic behaviors, which can affect the quality of sleep, essential for human life. Objective: To relate sleep quality to Internet addiction in university students in Ñuble, Chile. Material and methods: Quantitative, correlational research, using two validated questionnaires: The Internet Addiction Test and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The sample is comprised of 230 students from a private university. The data obtained are analyzed using Jamovi software for the normality test and the Spearman correlation coefficient. Results: The data reveal a majority of female population, between 20 and 25 years old, in the Nursing program. The relationship between sleep quality and Internet addiction is statistically significant and shows a weak positive correlation. This pattern is repeated for subjective sleep quality and sleep duration. However, its alterations do not show a significant relationship. Conclusion: A weak relationship is confirmed between sleep quality and Internet addiction in university students from Ñuble. The detailed results underline the importance of addressing sleep health in the context of Internet addiction, highlighting the need for preventive and intervention measures that significantly contribute to improving well-being and quality of life.

Resumo Introdução: a internet transformou o cotidiano dos jovens, facilitando sua educação virtual e sua comunicação com o mundo. Entretanto, nos últimos anos, houve aumento preocupante do vício na internet, caracterizado por dependência excessiva e comportamentos problemáticos, que podem afetar a qualidade do sono, essencial para a vida humana. Objetivo: relacionar a qualidade do sono com a dependência da internet em estudantes universitários de Ñuble, Chile. Material e métodos: quantitativo, correlacional, usando dois questionários validados: o Internet Addiction Test e o Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. A amostra consistiu em 230 alunos de uma universidade particular. Os dados obtidos foram analisados por meio do software Jamovi para o teste de normalidade e do coeficiente de correlação de Spearman. Resultados: os dados revelam a presença de uma população predominantemente feminina, entre 20 e 25 anos de idade, no curso de enfermagem. A relação entre a qualidade do sono e o vício na internet é estatisticamente significativa e mostra correlação positiva fraca. Esse padrão se repete para a qualidade subjetiva do sono e para a duração do sono. Entretanto, os distúrbios do sono não apresentam relação significativa. Conclusão: foi confirmada relação fraca entre a qualidade do sono e a dependência da internet em estudantes universitários de Ñuble. Os resultados detalhados ressaltam a importância de abordar a saúde do sono no contexto da dependência da internet, destacando a necessidade de medidas preventivas e de intervenção que contribuam significativamente para melhorar o bem-estar e a qualidade de vida.

Resumen Introducción: el internet ha transformado la vida cotidiana de los jóvenes, facilitando su educación virtual y su comunicación con el mundo. Sin embargo, en los últimos años ha aumentado de manera preocupante la adicción a internet, caracterizada por la dependencia excesiva y los comportamientos problemáticos, que pueden afectar la calidad del sueño, esencial para la vida humana. Objetivo: relacionar calidad del sueño con la adicción a internet en estudiantes universitarios en Ñuble, Chile. Material y métodos: cuantitativa, correlaciona!, utilizando dos cuestionarios validados: el Internet Addiction Test y el índice de calidad de sueño de Pittsburgh. El muestreo es de 230 alumnos de una universidad privada. Los datos obtenidos se analizan mediante el software Jamovi para la prueba de normalidad y el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman. Resultados: los datos revelan la presencia mayoritaria de población femenina, entre 20 y 25 años, en la carrera de enfermería. La relación entre la calidad del sueño y la adicción a internet es estadísticamente significativa y evidencia una correlación positiva débil. Este patrón se repite para la calidad de sueño subjetiva y la duración del mismo. Sin embargo, las alteraciones de este no muestran una relación significativa. Conclusión: se confirma una relación débil entre calidad del sueño y adicción a internet en estudiantes universitarios de Ñuble. Los resultados detallados subrayan la importancia de abordar la salud del sueño en el contexto de la adicción a internet, resaltando la necesidad de medidas preventivas y de intervención que contribuyan de manera significativa a mejorar el bienestar y la calidad de vida.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The importance of dietitians in dialysis units is indisputable and mandatory in Brazil, but little is known about the practices adopted by these professionals. Objective: To know practices adopted in routine nutritional care, focusing on nutritional assessment tools and treatment strategies for people at risk or diagnosed with malnutrition. Methodology: Electronic questionnaire disseminated on social media and messaging applications. It included questions that covered dietitians’ demographic and occupational profile characteristics and of the dialysis unit, use and frequency of nutritional assessment tools, nutritional intervention strategies in cases of risk or diagnosis of malnutrition, prescription and access to oral supplements. Results: Twenty four percent of the Brazilian dialysis units (n = 207) responded electronically. The most used nutritional assessment tools with or without a pre-established frequency were dietary surveys (96%) and Subjective Global Assessment (83%). The strategies in cases of risk or presence of malnutrition used most frequently (almost always/always) were instructions to increase energy and protein intake from foods (97%), and increasing the frequency of visits (88%). The frequency of prescribing commercial supplements with standard and specialized formulas was quite similar. The availability of dietary supplements by the public healthcare system to patients varied between regions. Conclusion: Most dietitians use various nutritional assessment tools and intervention strategies in cases of risk or malnutrition; however, the frequency of use of such tools and strategies varied substantially. Introduction Brazil professionals Objective care Methodology applications unit Results n 207 electronically preestablished pre established 96% 96 (96% 83%. 83 83% . (83%) almost always/always alwaysalways always 97%, 97 97% , (97%) 88%. 88 88% (88%) similar regions Conclusion however substantially 20 9 (96 8 (83% (97% (88% 2 (9 (83 (97 (88 ( (8

Resumo Introdução: A importância da atuação do nutricionista em unidades de diálise é indiscutível e obrigatória no Brasil, porém pouco sabemos sobre as práticas adotadas por esses profissionais. Objetivo: Conhecer práticas adotadas na rotina dos atendimentos nutricionais, com foco nas ferramentas de avaliação nutricional e nas estratégias de tratamento das pessoas com risco ou diagnóstico de desnutrição. Metodologia: Questionário eletrônico divulgado em mídias sociais e aplicativos de mensagens. Incluiu questões que abrangiam características do perfil demográfico e ocupacional do profissional e da unidade de diálise, utilização e frequência de ferramentas de avaliação nutricional, estratégias de intervenção nutricional em casos de risco ou diagnóstico de desnutrição e prescrição e acesso a suplementos alimentares orais. Resultados: Foram recebidos eletronicamente o equivalente a 24% das unidades de diálise brasileiras (n = 207). As ferramentas de avaliação nutricional mais utilizadas com ou sem frequência pré-estabelecida foram inquéritos dietéticos (96%) e Avaliação Global Subjetiva (83%). As estratégias em casos de risco ou presença de desnutrição utilizadas com mais frequência (quase sempre/sempre) foram a orientação de incremento energético e proteico por meio de alimentos (97%) e o aumento da periodicidade das visitas (88%). A frequência de prescrição de suplemento industrializado de fórmula padrão e especializada foi bastante semelhante. A disponibilização de suplementos alimentares pelo Sistema Único de Saúde aos pacientes variou entre as regiões. Conclusão: A maior parte dos nutricionistas utiliza diversas ferramentas de avaliação nutricional e estratégias de intervenção em casos de risco ou desnutrição, porém a frequência de utilização de tais ferramentas e estratégias foi bastante variada. Introdução Brasil profissionais Objetivo nutricionais Metodologia mensagens orais Resultados 24 n 207. 207 . 207) préestabelecida pré estabelecida 96% 96 (96% 83%. 83 83% (83%) quase sempre/sempre sempresempre sempre 97% 97 (97% 88%. 88 88% (88%) semelhante regiões Conclusão variada 2 20 9 (96 8 (83% (97 (88% (9 (83 (88 ( (8

Resumen Este artículo expone los resultados de una investigación del año 2022 sobre el modelo de reinserción de la cárcel concesionada CCP Biobío localizado en la región chilena que lleva ese mismo nombre. La investigación se enfoca en un estudio de caso, por medio de la metodología de análisis documental, que examina cómo las políticas y los programas se constituyen en el marco mediante el cual se trabajan los procesos de reinserción social. Dentro de los hallazgos se identificaron serias deficiencias del modelo, que cuestionan la posibilidad de alcanzar la reinserción social en el sistema penitenciario licitado. Ello revela, en primer lugar, la necesidad de realizar ajustes significativos para lograr procesos efectivos de resocialización, además, demuestra cómo la gestión mediante licitación limita la flexibilidad y ralentiza los cambios. Finalmente, se propone redefinir las perspectivas de reinserción al incorporar paradigmas más amplios que involucren la colaboración entre actores gubernamentales, políticas sociales y entidades privadas, como eje fundamental para mitigar el daño que causa la privación de libertad.

Resumo Este artigo apresenta os resultados de uma investigação de 2022 sobre o modelo de reintegração da prisão concessionada do CCP Biobío localizado na região chilena que leva ese mesmo nome. A investigação centra-se num estudo de caso utilizando a metodologia de análise documental que examina como se constituem as políticas e programas no quadro através do qual são trabalhados os processos de reinserção social. Dentre as constatações, foram identificadas graves deficiências do modelo que questionam a possibilidade de alcançar a reinserão social no sistema penitenciário licitado, revelando antes de tudoa necessidade de realizar ajustes significativos para alcançãr procesos de ressocializaão eficazes, além disso, a gestão por meio de concurso limita a flexibilidad y ralentiza as mudanças. Por fim, propõe-se redefinir as perspectivas de reintegração, incorporando paradigmas mais amplos que envolvam a colaboração entre atores governamentais, políticas sociais e entidades privadas como eixo fundamental para mitigar os danos causados pela privação de liberdade.

Abstract This article presents the results of a 2022 investigation into the reintegration model of the CCP Biobío concessioned prison located in the Chilean region that bears that same name. The research focuses on a case study using the methodology of documentary analysis that examines how policies and programs are constituted in the framework through which social reintegration processes are worked. Among the findings, serious deficiencies of the model were identified that question the possibility of achieving social reintegration in the tendered penitentiary system, revealing first of all the need to make significant adjustments to achieve effective resocialization processes, in addition management through tender limits flexibility and slows down the changes. Finally, it is proposed to redefine the perspectives of reintegration, incorporating broader paradigms that involve collaboration between government actors, social policies and private entities as a fundamental axis to mitigate the damage caused by the deprivation of liberty.

RESUMEN Introducción: la mayoría de las fistulas enterocutáneas se producen como complicación de una o varias cirugías previas. La mortalidad sigue siendo muy elevada. Su tratamiento supone un reto para el cirujano y gran uso de recursos humanos, económicos y prolongada estancia hospitalaria. Objetivo: determinar la experiencia del manejo de las fístulas enterocutáneas postoperatorias en el servicio de cirugía general del Hospital Nacional de Itauguá durante el periodo 2017-2022. Metodología: estudio observacional descriptivo retrospectivo de corte transversal, con muestreo no probabilístico. Solo hubo 30 casos con fichas completas, las cuales sometimos a procesamiento y análisis de las variables de interés. Resultados: de la muestra final 70 % fueron hombres, el promedio de edad fue de 49,6 años y de días de internación 28,6. Solo 5 pacientes consultaron por secreción fecaloide, los demás refirieron secreción seropurulenta por herida o cicatriz operatoria. Del total, 9 fueron de alto débito. El 100 % recibió antibioticoterapia; obitaron 4 de los 14 pacientes intervenidos quirúrgicamente con fin terapéutico. La técnica quirúrgica mayormente utilizada fue: laparotomía + liberación de adherencias e identificación de la fístula + resección intestinal + anastomosis. De los antecedentes la mayoría fueron postoperados de oclusión intestinal mecánica alta o peritonitis aguda de origen apendicular. Conclusión: debido a su alto impacto en la capacidad laboral y social las fístulas enterocutáneas representan patologías quirúrgicas muy complejas y relevantes con bajas tasas de curación definitiva. La mayoría se presentan como complicación de cirugías de urgencia; requiere intervención multidisciplinaria adaptada para cada caso en particular.

ABSTRACT Introduction: the occur enterocutaneous fistula as a complication of one or several previous surgeries. Mortality is still very high. Its treatment represents a challenge for the surgeon and great use of human and economic resources and a long hospital stay. Objective: to determine the experience in the management of postoperative enterocutaneous fistulae in the general surgery service of the Itauguá National Hospital during the period 2017-2022. Methodology: retrospective, cross-sectional, descriptive, observational study with non-probabilistic sampling. There were only 30 cases with complete records, which we subjected to processing and analysis of the variables of interest. Results: of the final sample, 70 % were men, the average age was 49,6 years and 28,6 days of hospitalization. Only 5 patients consulted due to fecaloid discharge, the rest reported seropurulent discharge from wound or surgical scar. Of the total, 9 were high debit. 100 % received antibiotic therapy, 4 of the 14 patients who underwent surgery as therapeutics, died. The most commonly used surgical technique was: laparotomy + release of adhesions and identification of the fistula + intestinal resection + anastomosis. Most of the antecedents were post-operated for high mechanical intestinal occlusion or acute peritonitis of appendiceal origin. Conclusion: due to their high impact on work and social capacity, enterocutaneous fistulas represent very complex and relevant surgical pathologies with low definitive cure rates. Most present as a complication in emergency surgeries; requires multidisciplinary intervention adapted to each particular case.

RESUMEN Introducción: La capacitación en reanimación cardiopulmonar (RCP) y uso correcto del desfibrilador externo automático (DEA) permite la intervención de los ciudadanos legos en situaciones de paro cardíaco extrahospitalario (PCEH). En Paraguay, la Ley n° 5.578/2016 establece el uso obligatorio del DEA en centros de concurrencia masiva (CCM). Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de un programa de capacitación intensiva en reanimación cardiopulmonar y uso del desfibrilador externo automático entre representantes de centros de concurrencia masiva en Asunción julio-setiembre 2023. Metodología: Estudio cuasiexperimental antes/después en representantes de CCM (Universidades, Shoppings, Clubes sociales/deportivos Gimnasios, Consecionario Automotríz, Complejos residenciales y Supermercados). Se obtuvieron datos de universidades del Ministerio de Educación y Ciencias, de fuentes municipales y la Cámara de Comercio. Se capacitó entre 1-3 representantes/CCM mediante talleres teórico-práctico sobre RCP básico y uso correcto del DEA en PCEH con un cuestionario validado (alfa de Cronbach: 0,75). Se compararon datos con χ² y prueba t o U de Mann-Whitney (p-valor significativo =<0,05). Resultados: De 194 participantes, la edad meda fue; 29±5años; el 60,31% (117) del sexo masculino, 38,65%(70) representantes de shoppings, 60,82% (118) tenian formación universitaria, y el 45,36% (88) se desempeñaban en atención al cliente. El 59, 228% (115) no habia recibido capacitación en RCP anteriormente y el 86,08% (167) tampoco tenia entrenamiento en uso del DEA. Se pudo observar una diferencia estadisticamente significativa entre la puntaje antes y después, observandose una diferencia de 4,791 1,012 puntos (p=0,0001). Discusión: El programa de capacitación intensiva es efectivo para elevar el nivel de conocimiento y práctica en RCP básica y uso del DEA entre representantes legos de CCM.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Training in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and correct use of the automated external defibrillator (AED) allows the intervention of lay citizens in situations of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (EHPA). In Paraguay, Law No. 5,578/2016 establishes the mandatory use of the AED in mass attendance centers (CCM). Methodology: quasi-experimental before/after study in CCM representatives (Universities, shopping malls, Social/Sports Clubs, Gyms, Automotive Dealership, Residential Complexes and Supermarkets). Data were obtained from universities of the Ministry of Education and Sciences, municipal sources, and the Chamber of Commerce. Between 1-3 representatives/MCCs were trained through theoretical-practical workshops on basic CPR and correct use of the AED in HCWP with a validated questionnaire (Cronbach's alpha: 0.75). Data were compared with χ² and Mann-Whitney t-test or U test (p-significant value =<0.05). Results: Of 194 participants, the mean age was 29±5; 60.31% (117) were male, 38.65% (70) were shopping mall representatives, 60.82% (118) had a university education, and 45.36% (88) worked in customer service. 59.228% (115) had not previously received CPR training and 86.08% (167) had no AED training. A statistically significant difference was observed between the before and after score, with a difference of 4.791(1.012 points (p=0.0001). Discussion: The intensive training program is effective in raising the level of knowledge and practice in basic CPR and AED use among lay CCM representatives.