BACKGROUND The nematode Angiostrongylus cantonensis, which is endemic to Southeast Asia and adjacent Pacific Islands, has already been recorded in more than 30 countries, including Brazil and other South American nations. It is one of the principal etiological agents of the zoonosis Eosinophilic Meningitis (EoM), which has a number of different species of terrestrial gastropods that act as its intermediate hosts. OBJECTIVE The present study investigated the occurrence of the larvae of this nematode in specimens of terrestrial molluscs collected in half of the municipalities of the Brazilian State of Rio de Janeiro. METHODS The study is based on the surveillance of this nematode in the Brazilian State of Rio de Janeiro, where terrestrial snails and slugs were collected in more than half of the state’s municipalities (46 in all), and examined for parasitological infections. The nematode larvae retrieved from these specimens were identified based on their morphology and cytochrome oxidase I (COI) mitochondrial DNA sequences. FINDINGS Angiostrongylid larvae were found in 230 (8.8%) of the 2,600 terrestrial molluscs examined, collected from 26 municipalities. Overall, 14 terrestrial gastropod species were identified, including both native and exotic taxa, and six were found to be infected naturally by A. cantonensis. The natural infection rates by Angiostrongylus in the different terrestrial molluscs species were 12.5% in Angustipes erinaceus, 9.7% in Achatina fulica, 6.8% in Bradybaena similaris, 6.3% in Sarasinula linguaeformis, 3.9% in Leptinaria unilamellata, and 4.6% in Subulina octona. A. fulica was the most frequent and extensively distributed species, with infected snails being found in 22 municipalities. MAIN CONCLUSIONS The data from this first comprehensive survey of A. cantonensis in Rio de Janeiro highlights the potential epidemiological risk of human infection in this state. Mapping the spread of infected molluscs will also provide essential information for the evaluation of the risk of human infection, and should help local health authorities to provide a faster and more accurate diagnosis whenever neuroangiostrongyliasis is suspected.

Resumen Introducción. La angiostrongiliasis abdominal y neura -causadas por Angiostrongylus costaricensis y A. cantonensis, respectivamente- son zoonosis que involucran caracoles como huéspedes intermediarios. Colombia ya ha reportado casos en humanos y la ampliación de la distribución de Lissachatina fulica y Cornu aspersum aumenta la preocupación en salud pública debido al riesgo potencial de transmisión en áreas donde los parásitos y sus huéspedes coexisten. Objetivo. Identificar la presencia de Angiostrongylus spp. en caracoles de las especies L. fulica y C. aspersum en Antioquia (Colombia). Materiales y métodos. Se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal prospectivo con una población de 5.855 caracoles de L. fulica o C. aspersum, capturados en diez ciudades del valle de Aburrá; 169 muestras fueron recolectadas en 28 puntos de muestreo. Se disecaron los tejidos pulmonares de los caracoles y se emplearon técnicas moleculares para detectar la presencia de Angiostrongylus spp. Resultados. Angiostrongylus costaricensis fue detectado en 18 muestras agrupadas (30 %; IC95%: 19,2-43,3), tanto en L. fulica como en C. aspersum. Medellín fue el municipio con el mayor número de muestras positivas (33,3 %). El 72,2 % de los lugares positivos reportaron la presencia de roedores. Ninguna de las pruebas fue positiva para A. cantonensis. Conclusión. Estos hallazgos brindan información importante sobre la distribución de Angiostrongylus spp. en Antioquia (Colombia). La identificación de estos nemátodos en L. fulica y C. aspersum resalta el papel potencial de estos caracoles como huéspedes intermediarios en la transmisión de infecciones por Angiostrongylus en el valle de Aburrá, con implicaciones para la salud humana y veterinaria.

Abstract Introduction. Abdominal and neural angiostrongyliasis caused by Angiostrongylus costaricensis and A. cantonensis, respectively, are zoonotic diseases involving snails as intermediate hosts. Colombia has already reported human cases, and the increasing distribution of Lissachatina fulica and Cornu aspersum raises public health concerns due to the potential risk of disease transmission in areas where parasites and hosts coexist. Objective. To identify the presence of Angiostrongylus spp. in snail species L. fulica and C. aspersum in Antioquia, Colombia. Materials and methods. This prospective cross-sectional study had a population of 5,855 L. fulica and C. aspersum snails captured in the ten towns of the Valle de Aburrá (Antioquia, Colombia), 169 samples were collected in 28 sampling points. Lung tissues of the collected snails were dissected and analyzed to detect Angiostrongylus spp. through molecular techniques. Results. Angiostrongylus spp. were identified in both L. fulica and C. aspersum. Angiostrongylus costaricensis was detected in 18 pooled prevalence of 30% (95% CI = 19.2-43.3), and Medellín was the municipality with the highest number of positive samples (33.3%). Seventy-two-point-two percent of the positive places reported the presence of rodents. None of the tests were positive for A. cantonensis. Conclusion. Our findings provide important insights into the epidemiology and distribution of Angiostrongylus spp. in Antioquia, Colombia. The identification of these parasitic nematodes in L. fulica and C. aspersum highlights the potential role of these snails as intermediate hosts in the transmission of Angiostrongylus spp. infections in the Valle de Aburrá, with implications for human and veterinary health.

ABSTRACT This study describes the process of Pomacea patula catemacensis grow-out in outdoor tanks. Experimental juvenile snails (1.5-2 months old) obtained from wild breeding snails were reared using a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS). The present study focused on increasing the surface area of growth tanks to be used by snails without affecting their growth and survival by adding shelters throughout the water column, which also worked to harbor snails. Two treatments were tested; T1: shelters made with curved clay tiles, T2: curved PVC shelters, and control (without shelters) in triplicate. The stocking density was set at 420 ind m-2 in tanks with 1 m3 total volume, and the culture period was 150 days. The final weight of the snails was significantly higher in control and PVC shelter groups (9.14 ± 2.2 and 8.83 ± 2.31 g, respectively), with PVC shelters showing the highest productivity in total biomass (12.03 ± 0.86 kg tank-1, P < 0.05). Final survival (%) was not significantly different among treatments (56.49 ± 1.62 to 58.05 ± 0.62).

Resumen En el presente estudio se describe la histología del talón y del saco glandular anexo (SGA) del sistema reproductor de cinco especies de Megalobulimus (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora, Strophocheilidae). Para ello, se utilizó la técnica de coloración de Hematoxilina-Eosina. Se encontró que el talón es una estructura muscular compacta que alberga la bolsa de fertilización, una estructura tubular revestida por un epitelio cilíndrico ciliado replegado, en cuyo extremo proximal se conecta el conducto hermafrodita. Este conducto termina en la cámara de fertilización, desde donde parten los túbulos de la espermateca, los cuales se ramifican hasta su extremo ciego y almacenan espermatozoides exógenos. En los túbulos se observaron espermatozoides, en su mayoría con las cabezas fijadas en las células epiteliales ciliadas y las colas libres en el lumen. La pared del SGA presenta una capa externa de músculo liso y, recubriendo el lumen, un epitelio cilíndrico glandular no ciliado con distintos grados de plegamiento y células mucosas subepiteliales. Las secreciones de estas células desembocan en el conducto colector cerca de la base del talón. Lejos de la glándula de la albúmina se observó una sustancia similar junto con espermatozoides exógenos en los túbulos de la espermateca. Se identificaron diferencias entre las especies, destacándose como característica filogenéticamente relevante la diferenciación del talón, la cual fue más pronunciada en M. capillaceus en comparación con las otras cuatro especies estudiadas (M. popelairianus, M. carrikeri, M. leucostoma y M. maximus).

Abstract In this study, the histology of the talon and the annex glandular sac (AGS) of the reproductive system from five species of Megalobulimus (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora, Strophocheilidae) is described. Hematoxylin-Eosin staining technique was used. It was found that the talon is a compact muscular structure housing the fertilization pouch, a tubular structure lined by folded ciliated cylindrical epithelium, to whose proximal end the hermaphroditic duct connects. This duct terminates in the fertilization chamber, from which the spermathecal tubules originate. These tubules branch out to their blind ends and store exogenous sperm. In the tubules, spermatozoa were observed, mostly with their heads attached to the ciliated epithelial cells and their tails free in the lumen. The wall of the AGS has an outer layer of smooth muscle and, lining the lumen, a non-ciliated glandular columnar epithelium with various degrees of folding and subepithelial mucous cells. The secretions from these cells flow into the collecting duct near the base of the talon. Far from the albumen gland, a similar substance was observed along with exogenous sperm in the spermathecal tubules. Differences between species were identified, with the most significant and phylogenetically relevant feature being the differentiation of the talon, which was more pronounced in M. capillaceus compared to the other four species studied (M. popelairianus, M. carrikeri, M. leucostoma, and M. maximus).

Resumen El control de malas hierbas es uno de los mayores desafíos en la producción de arroz, siendo la limitación agronómica más importante. El caracol manzana (Pomacea maculata) es la principal plaga de gasterópodos en arrozales depredando las plántulas de arroz en estadios juveniles. El propósito del estudio es evaluar la utilidad del uso del caracol manzana para controlar las malas hierbas en el cultivo del arroz, para ello se realizaron ensayos en los que se evaluó nuevas técnicas de captura y gestión del molusco para el óptimo desherbado de los campos de arroz con distintas técnicas de cultivo, como son la siembra en seco, la siembra en inundación y el trasplante. Las combinaciones de dichas técnicas son evaluadas en cuanto a su efecto tanto en el control del caracol, como en el control de malas hierbas y los efectos sobre la producción del propio arroz, usando como control parcelas tratadas con extracto de saponinas de Camelia sp.. En siembra en seco se obtiene un buen desarrollo del cultivo y una buena aportación de caracol manzana tanto cuando se usan trampas para regular las poblaciones del caracol (reducción de malas hierbas del 77,4%), como cuando no (reducción de 96,77%). Mientras que, en siembra en inundación y trasplante, se obtiene un valor cercano de eliminación del 100% de las malas hierbas. El caracol manzana resulta ser una alternativa agroecológica adecuada para el control de malas hierbas, en especial en siembra en seco y trasplante.

Abstract Weed control is one of the major challenges in rice production, being the most important agronomic constraint. The apple snail (Pomacea maculata) is the main gastropod pest in rice fields predating rice seedlings in juvenile stages. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the biological use of the apple snail to control weeds in rice. Field trials were carried out to evaluate new techniques of capture and management of the mollusc for optimal weeding of rice fields with different rice cultivation techniques, such as dry seeding, wet seeding and transplanting. Combinations of these techniques are evaluated for their effect on snail control, weed control and effects on rice production, using plots treated with the molluscicide saponin (Camelia sp. seed extract) as a control. In dry sowing, good crop development and a good contribution of apple snails were obtained both when using snail traps (77.4% weed reduction) and when not using them (96.77% reduction). In wet seeding and transplanting, a solid contribution of the apple snail was obtained in the reduction of weeds of 100%; although in transplanting it is necessary to eliminate the snail captured with traps to avoid affecting the rice. The apple snail management is an agroecological alternative for the control of weeds plants, especially in the case of rice.

Resumen. Para determinar cambios en las capturas de moluscos y crustáceos asociados a zonas de manglar en el complejo lagunar Bahía Magdalena-Almejas y el posible impacto de la variabilidad ambiental a mediano plazo, se analizaron tendencias de producción derivadas de datos registrados por la Comisión Nacional de Acuacultura y Pesca de 1992 a 2021. Además, se establecieron posibles relaciones con las condiciones ambientales asociadas con los periodos de presencia del El Niño-La Niña basados en valores de temperatura superficial del mar. Las pesquerías incluidas aprovechan las siguientes especies: almejas pata de mula (Anadara tuberculosa), catarina (Argopecten ventricosus), chocolata (Megapitaria squalida) y roñosa (Chione californiensis); callos de hacha (Pinna rugosa y Atrina maura), y caracoles murex negro y rosa (Hexaplex nigritus y Phyllonotus erythrostomus). También se consideraron las de camarón azul (Penaeus stylirostris), camarón café (P. californiensis) y jaiba verde (Callinectes bellicosus). Los resultados muestran variabilidad entre las series de cada pesquería, con tendencias positivas para almeja pata de mula, roñosa y caracol chino y negativas para almeja catarina, chocolata y camarón. Los cambios que suceden con mayor frecuencia parecen cíclicos y aparentemente relacionados con variaciones en las condiciones ambientales. Sin embargo, se concluye que es difícil diferenciar y cuantificar los posibles efectos en la disponibilidad de recursos por causa de la pesca o de modificaciones en los manglares, las condiciones del hábitat y su impacto en procesos biológicos como reproducción, alimentación, crecimiento, movilidad y reclutamiento.

Abstract. To determine changes in the catches of mollusks and crustaceans associated with mangrove areas in the lagoon complex of Magdalena-Almejas Bay and the possible impact of medium-term environmental variability, production trends derived from data recorded by the National Commission of Aquaculture and Fisheries from 1992 to 2021 were analyzed. In addition, possible relationships were established with environmental conditions associated with El Niño-La Niña periods based on sea surface temperature values. The fisheries included in the analysis targeted the following species: the black arks (Anadara tuberculosa), Pacific calico scallops (Argopecten ventricosus), squalid callista clams (Megapitaria squalida), Californian venus clams (Chione californiensis), pen shells (Pinna rugosa and Atrina maura), and the Murex snails the black and pink (Hexaplex nigritus and Phyllonotus erythrostomus). Blue shrimp (Penaeus stylirostris), brown shrimp (P. californiensis), and green swimming crab (Callinectes bellicosus) were also considered. The results showed variability among the series for each fishery, with positive trends for black arks, Californian venus clams, and Chinese snails, and negative trends for Pacific calico scallops, squalid callista clams, and shrimps. The most frequently occurring changes appeared to be cyclic and related to variations in environmental conditions. However, we concluded that it is difficult to differentiate and quantify the possible effects on resource availability due to fishing or modifications in mangroves, habitat conditions, and their impact on biological processes such as reproduction, feeding, growth, mobility, and recruitment.

RESUMEN La incorporación de nanopartículas (NP) por parte de los invertebrados acuáticos puede tener efectos adversos para la salud de los mismos. Los objetivos del presente estudio fueron: 1) investigar el potencial de bioconcentración de NP de ZnO o de su análogo no nano en gasterópodos Biomphalaria glabrata midiendo el contenido de Zn en los tejidos blandos y 2) evaluar las respuestas generadas en los caracoles expuestos a través del análisis de reconocidos biomarcadores de efecto a nivel subcelular. Aunque los caracoles expuestos por 48 h a 5 mg/L de NP de ZnO o su análogo mostraron un contenido de Zn en los tejidos blandos significativamente más alto que los animales testigo, la acumulación de este metal fue similar entre los grupos tratados con ambas formas de ZnO. No se observaron diferencias significativas en los niveles de peroxidación lipídica y en las actividades de la acetilcolinesterasa, la carboxilesterasa y la catalasa luego de 48 h de exposición a NP de ZnO o su análogo con respecto a los organismos testigo. Sin embargo, la exposición a ZnO produjo una disminución significativa en el contenido de glutatión en los tejidos, sin un efecto nano específico. Los resultados en su conjunto fomentan el desarrollo de estudios con el fin de comprender mejor el impacto que las NP manufacturadas puedan tener en diversas especies de invertebrados de agua dulce.

ABSTRACT The uptake of nanoparticles (NPs) by aquatic invertebrates can lead to adverse health effects. The aims of the present study were: 1) to investigate the bioconcentration potential of ZnO NPs or its bulk analogous in Biomphalaria glabrata gastropods by measuring the soft tissue Zn content, and 2) to determine the responses elicited by the exposed snails through the analysis of recognized biomarkers of effect at the subcellular level. Snails exposed to 5 mg/L ZnO NPs or bulk ZnO for 48 h showed a significant higher soft tissue Zn content than control animals, with no significant differences between NPs- and bulk-treated snails. No significant differences were observed in the levels of lipid peroxidation and in the activities of acetylcholinesterase, carboxylesterase and catalase by 48 h-exposure to ZnO NPs or bulk ZnO with respect to control organisms. However, ZnO exposure induced a significant decrease in glutathione tissue content, without a nano-specific effect. The results as a whole encourage further studies to better understand the impact that engineered NPs may have on freshwater invertebrate species.

Abstract Urban parks are not only important for the wellbeing of the human population, but are also widely considered to be potentially important sites for the conservation of biodiversity. However, they may offer risk parasitic infections, such as schistosomiasis and fascioliasis, which are both transmitted by freshwater snails. The present study investigated the occurrence of freshwater gastropods in urban parks of the Brazilian city of Rio de Janeiro, and their possible infection by helminths of medical-veterinary importance. Gastropods were collected from six parks (2021 - 2022) and examined for the presence of larval helminths. In all, 12 gastropod species from different families were collected: Ampullariidae, Assimineidae, Burnupidae, Lymnaeidae, Physidae, Planorbidae, Succineidae, and Thiaridae. The parasitological examination revealed cercaria of three types in five snail species, with the Pleurolophocerca cercariae type in Melanoides tuberculata (the most abundant species), Echinostoma cercariae in Physella acuta and Pomacea maculata, and Virgulate cercariae, in Pomacea sp. and Pomacea maculata. None of the Biomphalaria tenagophila and Pseudosuccinea columella (the most frequent species) specimens were parasitized by Schistosoma mansoni or Fasciola hepatica, respectively. Even so, some parks may represent a considerable potential risk for transmission of both Schistosoma mansoni and Fasciola hepatica, given the presence of these gastropod vectors and the frequent contact of visitors with the waterbodies. population biodiversity However infections fascioliasis snails Janeiro medicalveterinary medical veterinary importance 2021 (202 2022 all 1 Ampullariidae Assimineidae Burnupidae Lymnaeidae Physidae Planorbidae Succineidae Thiaridae , maculata sp hepatica respectively so waterbodies 202 (20 20 (2 2 (

Resumo A estivação e a hibernação representam formas distintas de quiescência animal, caracterizadas por alterações fisiológicas, incluindo a composição de íons. Os fluxos de íons intracelulares desempenham papel fundamental na provocação de alterações no potencial de membrana e na facilitação da comunicação celular, enquanto as correntes de K+ de saída ajudam na restituição e manutenção do potencial de membrana em repouso. Este estudo explora a relação entre as correntes de entrada e de saída durante a estivação em caracóis Achatina fulica. Os espécimes foram coletados perto da Universidade MSUBIT, em Shenzhen, e divididos em dois grupos. O primeiro grupo foi mantido em uma dieta de treliça, enquanto o segundo consistia em indivíduos estivados, que foram privados de alimento e água até que uma estrutura semelhante a uma rolha selasse suas conchas. O registro da corrente de neurônios isolados foi realizado usando o modo de grampo de tensão de eletrodo único com amplificador AxoPatch 200B. Os registros eletrofisiológicos nos neurônios dos gânglios pedais revelaram diferenças significativas nos processos de inativação dos componentes Ia e Ikdr. As alterações no componente Ikdr podem inibir a atividade do marcapasso nos neurônios do gânglio pedal, contribuindo potencialmente para a interrupção da locomoção em animais estivados. A corrente KS não é afetada durante a estivação. As alterações nos componentes da corrente lenta de K+ podem perturbar o potencial de membrana em repouso, possivelmente levando à despolarização celular e ao influxo de íons Ca2+ e Na+, afetando a homeostase celular. Portanto, manter a constância da corrente de K+ de saída é essencial para a estabilidade celular. animal fisiológicas K repouso fulica MSUBIT Shenzhen grupos treliça estivados conchas 200B B pedal Ca2 Ca Na Na+ Portanto

Abstract Aestivation and hibernation represent distinct forms of animal quiescence, characterized by physiological changes, including ion composition. Intracellular ion flows play a pivotal role in eliciting alterations in membrane potential and facilitating cellular communication, while outward K+ currents aid in the restitution and upkeep of the resting membrane potential. This study explores the relationship between inward and outward currents during aestivation in Achatina fulica snails. Specimens were collected near MSUBIT University in Shenzhen and divided into two groups. The first group was kept on a lattice diet, while the second one consisted of aestivating individuals, that were deprived of food and water until a cork-like structure sealed their shells. Recording of current from isolated neurons were conducted using the single-electrode voltage clamp mode with an AxoPatch 200B amplifier. Electrophysiological recordings on pedal ganglia neurons revealed significant differences in the inactivation processes of the Ia and Ikdr components. Alterations in the Ikdr component may inhibit pacemaker activity in pedal ganglion neurons, potentially contributing to locomotion cessation in aestivated animals. The KS current remains unaffected during aestivation. Changes in slow K+ current components could disrupt the resting membrane potential, possibly leading to cell depolarization and influx of Ca2+ and Na+ ions, impacting cell homeostasis. Thus, maintaining the constancy of outward K+ current is essential for cell stability. quiescence changes composition communication K snails groups diet individuals corklike cork like shells singleelectrode single electrode B amplifier animals Ca2 Ca Na ions homeostasis Thus stability

ABSTRACT Kora Simone, 2012, currently includes three species known only by shell morphology. They are distributed in the states of Bahia and Minas Gerais in central Brazil, where they occur in association with limestone outcrops. Features used to identify them include micro-ornamentation of the protoconch, color pattern, and morphometric data. This paper expands the characterization of the genus through the description of the internal anatomy of two of its species. These features also distinguish a new species, which is described herein. Material was collected manually during several field expeditions to Parque Nacional Cavernas do Peruaçu in northern Minas Gerais. Total height and maximum width, and height and width of the aperture, were measured; the number of whorls determined; and staining patterns typified. The digestive and reproductive systems and pallial complex were characterized for Kora rupestris Salvador & Simone, 2016 and Kora arnaldoi sp. nov., which are distinguished by the latter possessing a protoconch with a smooth first ½ whorl, a more tapered profile, a jaw with 18 folds, a buccal bulb with a short radular core, and a fertilization complex with only one tubular fold. The two species share a very peculiar pattern of radula teeth compared to other genera of the family, given that they are rupicolous but do not live inside caves. Diagnostic knowledge of the genus was expanded. Simone 2012 morphology Brazil outcrops microornamentation micro ornamentation data herein aperture measured determined typified 201 sp nov nov. whorl profile 1 folds core fold family caves expanded 20 2

ABSTRACT Extreme weather events (e.g., droughts, excessive precipitation) are expected to increase in frequency and severity in the coming decades due to climate change, causing significant impacts on society and ecosystems. Because these events are rare and complex, they have been studied with manipulative experiments. Littorinidae snails inhabit a complex and variable environment in which they must deal with periodic extreme events and are thus considered excellent ecological models for these studies. Therefore, this study aimed to understand the effects of extreme climatic events on the survival and weight of the species Littorina fabalis and Littorina littorea in Spain and Littoraria angulifera and Littoraria flava in Brazil. Higher mortality rates and greater weight loss were observed in the desiccation resistance treatment compared to the control treatment in both countries. The results showed dependence on the species’ body size. The submergence tolerance treatment indicated that the species from Spain are more susceptible to mortality in response to excessive rainfall and/or coastal flooding. Each species tested for the effect of extreme climatic events using an integrated response strategy with clear latitudinal differences. Understanding the organisms’ responses at different latitudes is essential for conservation biology on a global scale. e.g., eg e g (e.g. droughts precipitation change ecosystems experiments studies Therefore Brazil countries size andor or flooding differences organisms scale e.g. (e.g e.g

RESUMO Entre as criaturas marinhas, incluindo lulas, cefalópodes e polvos, uma das características mais exclusivas é a produção de tinta, que é uma fonte extremamente valiosa de produtos farmacêuticos. O presente estudo investiga quimicamente a tinta produzida a partir do Octopus vulgaris, bem como suas possíveis atividades antioxidantes, anticancerígenas, antimicrobianas e antiesquistossômicas in vitro. Vinte e um compostos diferentes foram identificados pela análise GC-MS da tinta de Octopus vulgaris. Os resultados revelaram que a tinta de O. vulgaris tinha capacidade antioxidante para cobrir o radical livre DPPH quando comparada ao ácido ascórbico. Além disso, a tinta de Octopus vulgaris apresentou atividade antibacteriana contra Bacillus subtilis, seguida por Escherichia coli e Pseudomonas aeuroginosa, e apresentou atividade moluscicida contra caramujos adultos Biomphalaria alexandrina e teve um efeito mortal distinto nas fases larvais livres de Schistosoma mansoni. Além disso, sua atividade anticancerígena foi confirmada, onde o valor IC50 da linha celular de câncer de mama MCF-7, carcinoma hepatocelular humano (HCT) e linha celular de câncer de fígado humano (HepG2) foi de 29,8, 38,29 e 30,38μg/mL, respectivamente. Em conclusão, a tinta extraída de O. vulgaris pode ser considerada como fonte de compostos valiosos que podem ser usados como agentes moluscicidas, antioxidantes, antimicrobianos, anticancerígenos e antiesquistossômicos. marinhas lulas polvos farmacêuticos antioxidantes anticancerígenas vitro GCMS GC MS ascórbico disso subtilis aeuroginosa mansoni confirmada IC IC5 MCF7, MCF7 MCF 7, 7 MCF-7 HCT (HCT HepG2 HepG (HepG2 298 29 8 29,8 3829 38 38,2 3038μgmL μgmL 30 38μg mL μg 30,38μg/mL respectivamente conclusão moluscicidas antimicrobianos antiesquistossômicos MCF- (HepG 2 29, 382 3 38,

ABSTRACT Among marine creatures including squids, cephalopods and Octopus, one of the most unique features is production of ink which is an extremely valuable source of pharmaceuticals. The current study investigates the ink produced from Octopus vulgaris chemically as well as its potential antioxidant, anticancer, antimicrobial, and anti-schistosomal activities in vitro. Twenty-one different compounds were identified by GC-MS analysis of Octopus vulgaris ink. Results revealed that O. vulgaris ink had antioxidant capability to cover DPPH free radical when compared to ascorbic acid. Moreover, Octopus vulgaris ink exhibited antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis followed by Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeuroginosa and exhibited a molluscicidal activity against adult Biomphalaria alexandrina snails and had a distinguished mortal effect on free larval phases of Schistosoma mansoni. Furthermore, its anticancer activity was confirmed, where IC50 value of breast cancer cell line MCF-7, human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCT) and human liver cancer cell line (HepG2) were 29.8, 38.29 and 30.38μg/mL, respectively. In conclusion, ink extracted from O. vulgaris may be considered as source of valuable compounds that can be used as molluscicidal, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer and anti-schistosomal agents. squids pharmaceuticals antimicrobial antischistosomal anti schistosomal vitro Twentyone Twenty GCMS GC MS O acid Moreover mansoni Furthermore confirmed IC IC5 MCF7, MCF7 MCF 7, 7 MCF-7 HCT (HCT HepG2 HepG (HepG2 298 29 8 29.8 3829 38 38.2 3038μgmL μgmL 30 38μg mL μg 30.38μg/mL respectively conclusion agents MCF- (HepG 2 29. 382 3 38.

Abstract The effect of peptide toxins on voltage-gated ion channels can be reliably assessed using electrophysiological assays, such as the patch-clamp technique. However, much of the toxinological research done in Central and South America aims at purifying and characterizing biochemical properties of the toxins of vegetal or animal origin, lacking electrophysiological approaches. This may happen due to technical and infrastructure limitations or because researchers are unfamiliar with the techniques and cellular models that can be used to gain information about the effect of a molecule on ion channels. Given the potential interest of many research groups in the highly biodiverse region of Central and South America, we reviewed the most relevant conceptual and methodological developments required to implement the evaluation of the effect of peptide toxins on mammalian voltage-gated ion channels using patch-clamp. For that, we searched MEDLINE/PubMed and SciELO databases with different combinations of these descriptors: “electrophysiology”, “patch-clamp techniques”, “Ca2+ channels”, “K+ channels”, “cnidarian venoms”, “cone snail venoms”, “scorpion venoms”, “spider venoms”, “snake venoms”, “cardiac myocytes”, “dorsal root ganglia”, and summarized the literature as a scoping review. First, we present the basics and recent advances in mammalian voltage-gated ion channel’s structure and function and update the most important animal sources of channel-modulating toxins (e.g. cnidarian and cone snails, scorpions, spiders, and snakes), highlighting the properties of toxins electrophysiologically characterized in Central and South America. Finally, we describe the local experience in implementing the patch-clamp technique using two models of excitable cells, as well as the participation in characterizing new modulators of ion channels derived from the venom of a local spider, a toxins’ source less studied with electrophysiological techniques. Fostering the implementation of electrophysiological methods in more laboratories in the region will strengthen our capabilities in many fields, such as toxinology, toxicology, pharmacology, natural products, biophysics, biomedicine, and bioengineering. voltagegated voltage gated assays patchclamp patch clamp However origin approaches patchclamp. clamp. MEDLINEPubMed MEDLINE PubMed descriptors electrophysiology, electrophysiology , “electrophysiology” techniques, techniques” Ca2+ Ca2 Ca “Ca2 channels, channels” K+ K “K venoms, venoms venoms” scorpion spider snake cardiac myocytes, myocytes myocytes” dorsal ganglia, ganglia ganglia” review First channel s channelmodulating modulating e.g. eg e g (e.g snails scorpions spiders snakes, snakes snakes) Finally cells fields toxinology toxicology pharmacology products biophysics biomedicine bioengineering “electrophysiology “Ca e.g

Resumo Diversos ecossistemas aquáticos apresentam condições propícias para o estabelecimento de populações de gastrópodes de água doce no Maranhão (Brasil). Entretanto, as pesquisas acerca desses moluscos, nesse estado brasileiro, estão mais direcionadas para a Baixada Maranhense, área endêmica da esquistossomose no Maranhão. Considerando a necessidade de ampliar informações sobre a ocorrência de gastrópodes límnicos no Maranhão, realizou-se um estudo qualitativo na Microrregião dos Lençóis Maranhenses. As coletas ocorreram entre junho de 2016 e novembro de 2019. Foram obtidos 3.244 espécimes de gastrópodes de água doce: 2.372 exemplares de Biomphalaria straminea (Dunker, 1848); 17 exemplares de Biomphalaria schrammi (Crosse, 1864); 19 exemplares de Drepanotrema lucidum (Pfeiffer, 1939); 115 exemplares de (Hydrobiidae; Rissooidea); 24 exemplares de Physa marmorata Guilding, 1828; 73 exemplares de Pomacea maculata (Perry, 1810); 613 exemplares de Pomacea sp. (Perry, 1810). Foram encontradas também 11 conchas de Biomphalaria glabrata (Say, 1818). A maior riqueza de moluscos foi observada em Tutóia. A espécies mais abundante durante o estudo foi B. straminea (73,45%). Pomacea sp. foi a espécie mais representativa e com frequência constante (57, 15%) na Microrregião dos Lençóis Maranhenses, presente em ecossistemas lênticos e lóticos. Os mapas de previsão sinalizam a possibilidade de ocorrência e estabelecimento de espécies de gastrópodes de água doce em toda a região investigada. A presença de gastrópodes hospedeiros de parasitos representa um risco para a saúde humana, principalmente na área dos Lençóis Maranhenses que é um dos destinos turísticos do Brasil. Estudos sobre a ocorrência e distribuição de gastópodes límnicos possuem grande relevância para a compreensão do estado de conservação das espécies existentes. Além disso, são necessários para monitorar moluscos que atuam como hospedeiros de parasitos. Brasil . (Brasil) Entretanto brasileiro Maranhense realizouse realizou se 201 2019 3244 3 244 3.24 2372 2 372 2.37 Dunker, Dunker (Dunker 1848 1848) 1 Crosse, Crosse (Crosse 1864 1864) Pfeiffer, Pfeiffer (Pfeiffer 1939 1939) Hydrobiidae (Hydrobiidae Rissooidea Rissooidea) Guilding 1828 7 Perry, Perry (Perry 1810 1810) 61 sp 1810. Say, Say (Say 1818. 1818 1818) Tutóia B 73,45%. 7345 73,45% 45 (73,45%) 57, 57 (57 15% 15 lóticos investigada humana existentes disso (Brasil 20 324 3.2 237 37 2.3 184 186 193 182 181 6 734 73,45 4 (73,45% 5 (5 32 3. 23 2. 18 73,4 (73,45 ( 73, (73,4 (73, (73 (7

Abstract Several aquatic ecosystems present favorable conditions for the establishment of freshwater gastropod populations in Maranhão (Brazil). However, research on these snails in this Brazilian state is more focused on Baixada Maranhense, an endemic area for schistosomiasis in Maranhão. Considering the need to expand information on the occurrence of limnic gastropods in Maranhão, a qualitative study was carried out in the Microregion of Lençóis Maranhenses. The capture of freshwater snails was carried out between June 2016 and November 2019. Were obtained 3,244 specimens of freshwater gastropods: 2,372 specimens of Biomphalaria straminea (Dunker, 1848); 17 specimens of Biomphalaria schrammi (Crosse, 1864); 19 specimens of Drepanotrema lucidum (Pfeiffer, 1939); 115 specimens of (Hydrobiidae; Rissooidea); 24 specimens of Physa marmorata Guilding, 1828; 73 specimens of Pomacea maculata (Perry, 1810); 613 specimens of Pomacea sp. (Perry, 1810). Were also found 11 shells of Biomphalaria glabrata (Say, 1818). The greatest richness of snails was observed in Tutóia. The most abundant species during the study was B. straminea (73,45%). Pomacea sp. was the most representative species with constant frequency (57,15%) in the Lençóis Maranhenses Microregion, present in lentic and lotic ecosystems. The forecast maps indicate the possibility of occurrence and establishment of freshwater gastropods species throughout the investigated region. The presence of gastropods that are hosts of parasites represents a risk to human health, especially in the Lençóis Maranhenses area, which is one of Brazil's tourist destinations. Studies on the occurrence and distribution of limnic gastropods are of great relevance for understanding the conservation status of existing species. Furthermore, they are necessary to monitor snails that act as parasite hosts. Brazil. Brazil . (Brazil) However Maranhense 201 2019 3244 3 244 3,24 2372 2 372 2,37 Dunker, Dunker (Dunker 1848 1848) 1 Crosse, Crosse (Crosse 1864 1864) Pfeiffer, Pfeiffer (Pfeiffer 1939 1939) Hydrobiidae (Hydrobiidae Rissooidea Rissooidea) Guilding 1828 7 Perry, Perry (Perry 1810 1810) 61 sp 1810. Say, Say (Say 1818. 1818 1818) Tutóia B 73,45%. 7345 73,45% 45 (73,45%) 57,15% 5715 57 15 (57,15% region health Brazils s destinations Furthermore (Brazil 20 324 3,2 237 37 2,3 184 186 193 182 181 6 734 73,45 4 (73,45% 57,15 571 5 (57,15 32 3, 23 2, 18 73,4 (73,45 57,1 (57,1 73, (73,4 57, (57, (73, (57 (73 (5 (7 (

Abstract Biomphalaria straminea is one of the three snails that act as the intermediate hosts of Schistosoma mansoni and is responsible for maintaining high rates of schistosomiasis in some areas of northeastern Brazil. The principal morphological characteristic of B. straminea is the marked vaginal wrinkling, although it is also present in congeneric species, a group known as the B. straminea complex. Based on the morphological and molecular analyses, we investigated the intraspecific variation of B. straminea. The specimens were obtained from 10 sites in Brazil, and the shells were analyzed, as well as 16 morphological structures of the reproductive system. The COI and ITS2 sequences were used for phylogenetic analysis, genetic divergence, and haplotype network (COI). We observed a large intraspecific variation in the morphological structures examined. The genetic divergence also demonstrated significant intraspecific variability in B. straminea: 0–3% in ITS2 sequences, and 0–6% in COI sequences. Analysis of the distribution of COI haplotypes recovered 16 haplotypes and haplotype diversity of 0.9088. These results indicate phenotypic variability that is not constrained to a locality or strictly controlled genetically by B. straminea, which may have driven a misidentified of these species. Brazil B wrinkling species complex analyses 1 analyzed system ITS analysis COI. . (COI) examined 03 0 3 0–3 06 6 0–6 09088 9088 0.9088 (COI 0– 0908 908 0.908 090 90 0.90 09 9 0.9 0.