The number of people on Earth and human activities are currently taking on frightening proportions with far-reaching consequences for our planet, its biodiversity and ultimately the human race itself. Ten thousand years ago, humans represented 1% of the total biomass of all land vertebrates. The rest was made up by wild animals. Currently, humans, livestock and pets make up 99% of terrestrial vertebrate biomass, while wild animals represent only 1%. It took millennia for the human population to reach the 1 billion mark and that only by 1890. By 1960, however, the world population had grown to 3 billion. Today there are 8 billion people living on our planet. According to Population Matters, the world population will be approximately 10,4 billion by the end of this century, despite the gradual decline in the growth rate in some countries. There is only a 23% chance that the total population growth rate will tail off before 2100. The population of the 47 least developed countries is likely to triple between 2017 and 2100 to around 3 billion. There are currently 62 million people in South Africa. About 67,9% of our population (in 2021) live in urban areas. The South African population grew by 0,87% in 2023. The fertility rate is 2,30 (2023). It is estimated that by 2050 75,5 million people will be living in South Africa, with 8 out of every 10 people living in urban areas, which would significantly increase the pressure on infrastructure. The Global Footprint Network states that humans currently use the resources of 1,75 Earths. If the situation does not improve, by 2050 we would need the equivalent of three Earths to survive. More than 4 billion people will have little or no water by 2050, and South Africa even now has been classified as a "water-stressed" country. Medical science is continually contributing to more babies surviving their entry into the world and to our living increasingly longer. Life expectancy has risen from 46 years in 1950 to 73,2 years in 2023. By 2050 it will be 77 years. What can be done? Empowerment of women is important. Population growth can be curbed to a reasonable extent by giving more girls access to education. This certainly does not mean that girls or women alone should be held responsible for the current population growth, but much more will have to be done about sex education, women's rights will have to be actively promoted and there will have to be better provision and use of contraceptives. Obviously, these issues should be approached and handled with due caution. In this regard, countries such as Thailand and South Korea have, in the recent past, proved that good education may result in lower birth rates. In Africa, women with no education have an average of 5,4 children; women who completed high school an average of 2,7 children and women with tertiary education an average of 2.2. In Nigeria, every year of school attendance by girls cuts the birth rate by a tenth. In addition, intensified efforts to reform economies and societies should be considered. For the sake of the survival of the human species and the sustainability of the Earth, ecological and economic justice and the empowerment ofwomen have to be encouraged. The Millennium Project - a global participatory think tank that was founded in 1996 under the auspices of the American Council for the United Nations University, but which became independent in 2009 and has since grown into a global network of institutions and individuals - aims to improve humankind's prospects for a better future. It recommends, among other things, the following: • Support a policy aimed at improving the survival of children, responsible family planning and educational opportunities for (especially) girls. • Improve methods that will ensure skills and employment opportunities for young people, as well as care and services for the elderly. • Implement the UN's urban agenda. • Create enough smart cities where citizens with urban intelligence can help in eco-smart ways with the necessary improvements in the city. • Increase training in resilience, and improve disaster prediction and management. • Provide guidance for people about urban ecology. • Intensify research and development in saltwater agriculture (halophytes or salt plants) on coastlines to produce food for humans and animals, biofuel and pulp for the paper industry, and to absorb carbon dioxide (CO2). This will ease the pressure on freshwater agriculture. • Improve agricultural and irrigation management. • Invest in precision agriculture and aquaculture. • Reduce food losses from the "farm to the mouth" (one third or 1,3 billion tons of agricultural production is wasted in this way every year). • Establish seaweed to restore wild fish populations along coastlines. The World Bank estimates that 90% of marine life is completely depleted. • Expand the production of insects for animal feed and human diets (insects have a low environmental impact, and 2 billion people already supplement their diet with insects today). • Encourage vegetarianism. Although there are more ways to address these important global challenges, responsible family planning remains one of the most important. This is an extremely sensitive issue for many people (especially in Africa), but if it is not promoted in a humane, informed and responsible way, the sustainability of life on our planet will increasingly come under tremendous pressure in various respects.

Die aantal mense op aarde en hulle/ons aktiwiteite neem tans skrikwekkende afmetings aan met wydlopende gevolge vir ons planeet, biodiversiteit en uiteindelik onsself. Die moderne mens het sy teenwoordigheid op die aarde en die benutting van hulpbronne baie lank as sy onaantasbare reg gesien. Die huidige uitwerking van byvoorbeeld bevolkingsgroei en besoedeling versteur die aarde se natuurlike ritme in so 'n mate dat ons nou nie meer op 'n kitsoplossing kan hoop nie. Die mens se getalle neem teen so 'n tempo toe dat dit nie net nadelig vir die planeet is nie, maar ook vir die mensdom self. Wat kan gedoen word? Bemagtiging van vroue speel 'n belangrike rol. Dit beteken beslis nie dat meisies en vroue alleen vir die huidige bevolkingsgroei verantwoordelik gehou moet word nie. Die bevolkingsgroei kan egter in 'n redelike mate vertraag word deur veral meer meisies toegang tot onderwys en opleiding te gee - asook hul lewensomstandighede te verbeter. Ook sal daar heelwat meer aan seksopvoeding gedoen moet word, vroueregte sal daadwerklik bevorder moet word en daar sal beter voorsiening en gebruik van voorbehoedmiddels moet wees. Uiteraard moet hierdie kwessies met die nodige omsigtigheid benader en hanteer word. In hierdie verband kan onder andere Thailand en Suid-Korea genoem word wat in die onlangse verlede bewys het dat goeie onderwys geboortesyfers laat daal. In Afrika het vroue wat geen onderwys ontvang nie, gemiddeld 5,4 kinders; vroue wat hoërskool voltooi het gemiddeld 2,7 kinders en vroue wat tersiêre studie deurloop het, gemiddeld 2,2 kinders. In Nigerië sny elke jaar wat meisies skool bywoon, die geboortesyfer met 'n tiende. Hiermee saam sal daar ook verskerpte pogings moet wees om ekonomieë en samelewings te hervorm. Ter wille van die mens se voortbestaan en die volhoubaarheid van lewe op aarde moet ekologiese en ekonomiese geregtigheid, en die bemagtiging van vroue aangemoedig word.

Abstract The management of vehicular traffic poses a significant challenge in cities worldwide, as it involves the control of traffic lights and traffic flow. The specific issue lies in the configuration of traffic lights with fixed-time allocations, not in line with the time required by real traffic flow. The aim of this study is to propose an intelligent system for real-time management of traffic lights at an intersection, which adjusts to the actual traffic conditions, namely speed and vehicle density. To achieve this, a heuristic algorithm was developed, considering traffic characteristics and making decisions to allocate the corresponding phase time. Experimental tests with 15,000 simulated scenarios allowed for the estimation of waiting time between signal cycles. The results demonstrated an 18.3% reduction in cycle time with an improvement of 47 cycles/hour compared to the 39 cycles/hour of a traditional traffic light with fixed phase times.

Resumen La gestión del tráfico vehicular es un desafío importante en las ciudades del mundo, pues involucra a la gestión de semáforos y el flujo de tráfico. El problema específico es la configuración de semáforos con asignaciones de tiempos fijos, no acorde al tiempo requerido por el flujo de tráfico real. El objetivo de este trabajo es proponer un sistema inteligente para gestionar en tiempo real el semáforo en una intersección vial; el cual se ajusta a las condiciones reales del tráfico que son la velocidad y densidad vehicular. Para ello, se desarrolló un algoritmo heurístico que toma en cuenta las características del tráfico y luego toma decisiones para asignar el tiempo de fase correspondiente. Pruebas experimentales con 15000 escenarios simulados permitieron estimar el tiempo de espera entre ciclos semafóricos. Los resultados mostraron una reducción del 18.3% de tiempo del ciclo con una mejora de 47 ciclos/hora respecto a los 39 ciclos/hora de un semáforo tradicional con tiempos de fase fijos.

Abstract The integrated management of urban solid waste (IMUSW) is considered a challenge by cities due to several factors, the main one being the high financial demand of the process. Inefficiency in providing this service is associated with a lack of understanding about the various elements that affect the entire management system, making decision-making difficult for managers. Therefore, this article aims to identify the barriers that affect financial sustainability in IMUSW. The bibliographic research selected 48 articles in the Scopus and Web of Science databases, using the Smart bibliometrics method to support the systematic analysis. The elements were presented and discussed about the potential influence on the waste management system, in which countries due to the level of development had the most published works in the area and a discussion about each element highlighted. The results identified research gaps such as the absence of an analysis that considers the interrelationship between the elements raised, and the absence of studies on the methods that can be used for this. This study provides important contributions in order to plan, change or implement IMUSW systems in cities, providing information on the critical elements that affect the financial sustainability of USW management.. (IMUSW factors process system decisionmaking decision managers Therefore 4 databases highlighted raised plan management.

Resumo O gerenciamento integrado d resíduos sólidos urbanos (GIRSU) é considerado um desafio pelos municípios por diversos fatores, sendo o principal a alta demanda financeira do processo. A ineficiência na prestação desse serviço está associada à falta de entendimento sobre os diversos elementos que afetam todo o sistema de gerenciamento, dificultando a tomada de decisão pelos gestores. Desta forma, este artigo tem como objetivo identificar as barreiras que afetam a sustentabilidade financeira do GIRSU. A pesquisa bibliográfica selecionou 48 artigos nas bases Scopus e Web of Science, empregando o método Smart bibliometrics para subsidiar a análise sistemática. Os elementos foram apresentados e discutidos o potencial de influência sobre o sistema de gerenciamento de resíduos, em quais países decorrentes do nível de desenvolvimento tiveram mais trabalhos publicados na área e uma discussão sobre cada elemento apontado. Os resultados identificaram lacunas de pesquisa como a ausência de uma análise em que considere a inter-relação entre os elementos levantados, e ausência de estudos acerca dos métodos que podem ser utilizados para isso. Esse estudo fornece importantes contribuições a fim de planejar, alterar ou implementar sistemas de GIRSU nos municípios cidades, fornecendo informações sobre os elementos críticos que afetam a sustentabilidade financeira do gerenciamento dos RSU. (GIRSU fatores processo gestores forma 4 Science sistemática apontado interrelação inter relação levantados isso planejar cidades RSU

ABSTRACT Purpose: Smart cities are emerging as a fast-growing scientific research topic; much of the knowledge generated is particularly of a technological nature. The objective of this research was to identify how the articles approach the theme of smart cities from the perspective of innovation and technology. Design/methodology/approach: The methodological procedure consisted of a systematic review of the literature; the process was carried out in three main stages: planning, reviewing, and reporting/disclosure. The period established for searches was from 2006 to 2021, using the databases: Emerald Insight, Scielo, Scopus, and Web of Science, and the Mendeley tool was used to filter articles within the theme. Findings: After careful selection, 349 studies were found, based on the objective and relevance of this research. Regarding the databases, Emerald Insight presents 91 articles, Web of Science 83 articles, Scopus 101 articles, and Scielo 74 articles. About publications per country, Italy presents 12 articles, the United Kingdom 11 articles, and Spain and the United States 8 articles each. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has great potential to improve the quality of life of the population living in smart cities, innovation has always been significant to competitiveness and is vital to smart cities and tourist destinations. The sustainable and smart development of cities should be developed based on specific principles: synergy, creativity, and circularization. Originality/value: The research is considered relevant since the theme of Smart cities in innovation and management is relatively new in the scientific area. It is opportune that governments and citizens discuss what they want for the future of their cities, understanding how technology can be an exceptional issue among nations around the world. A unique model of a smart nation can emerge and boost cities over the next 50 years. Purpose fastgrowing fast growing topic nature Design/methodology/approach Designmethodologyapproach Design methodology literature stages planning reviewing reportingdisclosure reporting disclosure reporting/disclosure 200 2021 databases Findings selection 34 found 9 10 7 country 1 each ICT (ICT destinations principles synergy creativity circularization Originality/value Originalityvalue Originality value area world 5 years 20 202 3 2

RESUMO Objetivo: As cidades inteligentes estão emergindo como um tópico de pesquisa científica em rápido crescimento; grande parte do conhecimento gerado é principalmente de natureza tecnológica O objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar como os artigos científicos que abordam o tema cidades inteligentes sob a ótica da inovação e tecnologia. Desenho/metodologia/abordagem: O procedimento metodológico consistiu em uma revisão sistemática da literatura; o processo foi realizado em três etapas principais: planejamento, revisão e relatório/divulgação. O período temporal estabelecido para as buscas foi de 2006 a 2021, utilizando as bases de dados: Emerald Insight, Scielo, Scopus e Web of Science, sendo utilizada a ferramenta Mendeley para filtrar os artigos dentro do tema. Resultados: Após criteriosa seleção, foram encontrados 349 estudos, com base no objetivo e relevância desta pesquisa. Em relação às bases de dados Emerald Insight apresentam 91 artigos, Web of Science 83 artigos, Scopus 101 artigos e Scielo 74 artigos. Em relação às publicações por país, a Itália apresenta 12 artigos, o Reino Unido 11 artigos, a Espanha e os Estados Unidos 8 artigos cada. A Tecnologia da Informação e Comunicação (TIC) tem grande potencial para melhorar a qualidade de vida da população que vive em cidades inteligentes, a inovação sempre foi significativa para a competitividade, sendo vital para cidades inteligentes e destinos turísticos. O desenvolvimento sustentável e inteligente das cidades deve ser desenvolvido com base em princípios específicos: sinergia, criatividade e circularização. Originalidade/valor: A pesquisa é considerada relevante uma vez que o tema Cidades Inteligentes em inovação e gestão é relativamente novo na área científica. É oportuno que governo e cidadãos discutam o que desejam para o futuro de suas cidades, entendendo como a tecnologia pode ser um assunto excepcional entre nações de todo o mundo. Um modelo único de nação inteligente pode surgir e impulsionar as cidades nos próximos 50 anos. Objetivo crescimento Desenho/metodologia/abordagem Desenhometodologiaabordagem Desenho metodologia abordagem literatura principais planejamento relatóriodivulgação relatório divulgação relatório/divulgação 200 2021 Resultados seleção 34 estudos 9 10 7 país 1 cada TIC (TIC competitividade turísticos específicos sinergia circularização Originalidade/valor Originalidadevalor Originalidade valor mundo 5 anos 20 202 3 2

Abstract Intrusion detection in Fog-Assisted Wireless Sensor Networks (Fog-WSNs) is a critical security measure designed to protect the functionality and integrity of these networks. Fog computing extends the abilities of traditional WSNs by introducing edge devices or fog nodes that can process data and provide computational resources. Intrusion detection in Fog-WSNs is vital to maintain the privacy and security of data generated and transmitted by sensors and processed at the fog node. Machine learning (ML) algorithms are widely employed to detect intrusion. These models can be trained on historical data to detect known attack patterns and can adapt to emerging threats. By implementing effective intrusion detection mechanisms, these networks can alleviate risks and ensure the reliable operation of critical applications in different fields namely IoT, smart cities, and industrial automation. This study designs an Intrusion Detection using Binary Arithmetic Optimization with Sparse Auto encoder (BAOA-SAE) technique for Fog Assisted WSN. The major aim of BAOA-SAE method is to recognize and classify the presence of the intrusions in the network. Primarily, the BAOA-SAE method focuses on the election of prominent features in the network data. Next, the SAE model is implemented to categorize the presence of intrusions. To improve the intrusion rate, the BAOA-SAE technique employs bacterial foraging optimization algorithm (BFOA). A broad range of simulated outcomes were performed on benchmark IDS dataset. The extensive outcomes highlighted the high efficiency of the BAOA-SAE method over other existing techniques. FogAssisted FogWSNs (Fog-WSNs resources node ML (ML threats mechanisms IoT cities automation BAOASAE BAOA (BAOA-SAE WSN Primarily Next rate BFOA. BFOA . (BFOA) dataset techniques (BFOA

Abstract Internet of Things (IoT)-assisted Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) integrate traditional WSNs with the expansive ecosystem of IoT devices. This integration enables sensor nodes (SNs) to connect to the internet, facilitating seamless data exchange, remote monitoring, and real-time control of physical environments. IoT-assisted WSNs are crucial in various fields, including industrial automation, smart cities, healthcare, and environmental monitoring. In these networks, sensor nodes near the base station (BS) are responsible for relaying data to nearby nodes and the BS itself, a process that consumes significant energy. This issue, known as the "hotspot problem," arises when certain nodes deplete their energy faster than others. Unequal clustering techniques address this challenge by distributing the energy load more effectively, allowing nodes with higher energy reserves to take on more tasks while conserving the energy of nodes with lower reserves. This study introduces the Tuna Swarm Algorithm-based Energy Efficient Unequal Clustering Approach (TSA-EEUCA) to enhance the performance of IoT-assisted WSNs. The proposed method aims to improve energy efficiency and extend network lifetime by organizing nodes into clusters of unequal sizes. The core of this approach is the Tuna Swarm Algorithm (TSA), inspired by the cooperative foraging behavior of tuna swarms. Unequal cluster formation and cluster head selection are determined by a fitness function that considers both energy levels and distance metrics. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, a series of simulations were conducted. The results showed that the proposed method outperforms existing techniques, offering a more efficient and longer-lasting solution for IoT-assisted WSNs. IoTassisted assisted (WSNs devices SNs (SNs internet exchange monitoring realtime real time environments fields automation cities healthcare networks (BS itself issue hotspot problem, problem others effectively Algorithmbased based TSAEEUCA TSA EEUCA (TSA-EEUCA sizes TSA, , (TSA) swarms metrics conducted longerlasting longer lasting (TSA

RESUMO Introdução: As cidades inteligentes surgem como meio de promover a inovação e a sustentabilidade dos territórios, adotando abordagens que visam tornar o desenvolvimento urbano autossuficiente e otimizar o uso consciente dos recursos naturais. Objetivo: Analisar a produção científica internacional sobre gestão e planejamento dentro da perspectiva das cidades inteligentes no contexto da área das ciências sociais. Método: Abordagem exploratória-descritiva, por meio de uma análise bibliométrica, utilizando o programa VOSviewer. O protocolo de pesquisa consistiu em análise de artigos a partir da base de dados Web of Science no período de 2018 a 2022. Foram executadas duas etapas de filtragem, totalizando, ao final, 1.167 artigos. A seguinte constituiu-se de avaliação relacionada às áreas de pesquisa, periódicos, países, referências com maior número de citação e estudos mais relevantes do fator H (H-index). Resultado: Como resultados, observou-se que as instituições mais influentes nas pesquisas estão concentradas em países como China (14,05%). Os periódicos mais relevantes são: Mdpi, Elsevier e Taylor & Francis. O mapa de palavras-chave apresentou smart cities e smart city como tema central, seguido por tecnologia, inovação, sustentabilidade, planejamento urbano e governança. Além disso, foram analisadas as obras consideradas referência na rede de citações. Conclusões: As conclusões apresentam o panorama das áreas de pesquisa, periódicos, países, agrupa as publicações com base em suas relações de citação em rede de citações com os estudos mais relevantes, demonstram os cluster com as publicações mais citadas e o ranking de publicações por score de citações. Introdução territórios naturais Objetivo sociais Método exploratóriadescritiva, exploratóriadescritiva exploratória descritiva, descritiva exploratória-descritiva bibliométrica VOSviewer 201 2022 filtragem totalizando final 1167 1 167 1.16 constituiuse constituiu se Hindex. Hindex index . (H-index) Resultado resultados observouse observou 14,05%. 1405 14,05% 14 05 (14,05%) são Mdpi Francis palavraschave palavras chave central tecnologia governança disso Conclusões 20 202 116 16 1.1 (H-index 140 14,05 0 (14,05% 2 11 1. 14,0 (14,05 14, (14,0 (14, (14 (1 (

ABSTRACT Introduction: Smart cities emerge as a means of promoting innovation and sustainability in territories, adopting approaches that aim to make urban development self-sufficient and optimize the conscious use of natural resources. Objective: Analyze international scientific production on management and planning from the perspective of smart cities in the context of the area of social sciences. Method: Exploratory-descriptive approach, through bibliometric analysis, using the VOSviewer program. The research protocol consisted of analyzing articles from the Web of Science database from 2018 to 2022. Two filtering steps were carried out, totaling, in the end, 1,167 articles. The following consisted of an evaluation related to research areas, journals, countries, references with the highest number of citations and most relevant studies of the H factor (H-index). Result: As a result, it was observed that the most influential institutions in research are concentrated in countries such as China (14.05%). The most relevant journals are: Mdpi, Elsevier and Taylor & Francis. The keyword map presented smart cities and smart city as the central theme, followed by technology, innovation, sustainability, urban planning and governance. In addition, works considered references in the citation network were analyzed. Conclusions: The conclusions present an overview of research areas, journals, countries, group publications based on their citation relationships in a citation network with the most relevant studies, demonstrate clusters with the most cited publications and the ranking of publications by citation score. Introduction territories selfsufficient self sufficient resources Objective sciences Method Exploratorydescriptive Exploratory descriptive approach analysis program 201 2022 out totaling end 1167 1 167 1,16 areas Hindex. Hindex index . (H-index) Result result 14.05%. 1405 14.05% 14 05 (14.05%) Mdpi Francis theme technology governance addition analyzed Conclusions score 20 202 116 16 1,1 (H-index 140 14.05 0 (14.05% 2 11 1, 14.0 (14.05 14. (14.0 (14. (14 (1 (

Smart cities in China: priorities and principles China is a world leader in the informatization of urban environments through smart cities, but in a context of misinformation, its experience is distorted into ultra-modern mega-projects or an Orwellian nightmare. Through a socio-technical vision and with sources in Chinese, this text will review the basic framework of its digital public policy to find out what guides this dizzying construction and what its priorities are. It will show that, in a country of 1.4 billion people, this concept began as an adjunct to plans to deal with growing and disorderly urbanization. And today it has become a cardinal solution, underpinned by a pragmatic, people-centered framework, adaptable to local conditions, where common standards facilitate feedback. However, fundamental problems - such as the needs of rural migrants - remain unresolved.

Resumen China es un líder mundial en la informatización de los entornos urbanos a través de las ciudades inteligentes; sin embargo, en un contexto de desinformación su experiencia se distorsiona en megaproyectos ultramodernos o una pesadilla orwelliana. Este texto, a través de una visión sociotécnica y con fuentes en chino revisará el marco fundacional de su política pública digital, para averiguar ¿qué guía esta vertiginosa construcción y cuáles son sus prioridades? Mostrará que en un país con 1,400 millones de personas, este concepto comenzó siendo una herramienta accesoria en planes enfocados a solucionar la urbanización creciente y desordenada. Y, a la fecha, se ha vuelto una solución cardinal, apoyada en un marco centrado en el pueblo y de carácter pragmático, adaptable a las condiciones locales, donde estándares compartidos facilitan la retroalimentación. No obstante, problemas básicos -las necesidades de los inmigrantes rurales- continúan pendientes.

BACKGROUND: Smart cities leverage advanced technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), fifth generation (5G) networks, and data analytics to enhance citizens' quality of life, focussing on creating efficient, functional, and eco-friendly urban environments. While these initiatives offer significant benefits, there are ongoing concerns about data security and privacy OBJECTIVES: This article investigates the data security and privacy risks and challenges in emerging South African smart cities. The objectives are to identify these risks, assess the effectiveness of current security measures, and contextualise these vulnerabilities within the South African and global contexts METHOD: A qualitative approach was adopted, involving virtual interviews with 20 Subject Matter Experts (SMEs) through purposive and snowball sampling. The raw data were thematically analysed, revealing significant themes RESULTS: Emerging South African smart cities face several risks and challenges, including poor governance, a shortage of skills, a lack of awareness and training, insufficient funding, and a combination of these factors CONCLUSION: The research highlights the importance of safeguarding individuals' data and privacy in the context of smart cities, advocating the need for proactive measures to address these concerns CONTRIBUTION: This article promotes interdisciplinary dialogue, leading to more comprehensive solutions. In addition, exploring data security and privacy in emerging smart cities aids in understanding the implications of information management practices. Although the article focuses on emerging South African smart cities, the challenges discussed have global relevance

ABSTRACT The technological advances of the last two decades, particularly on electronic devices and computer science, opened a wide range of potential applications. As a consequence, human actions in several fields have been decisively impacted. The proliferation of electronic devices, both of personal use as collective, and connected online, favored to provide an extensive piece of information. Individual and collective demands could be used to manage an urban infrastructure more efficiently. Therefore, the concept of urban structures with underlying intelligence emerges, the intelligent cities. A further step was the proliferation of gadgets and apps, which allow an unprecedented growth on the amount of available data. Once combined with artificial intelligence algorithms they support autonomous decisions in real time on the management of the urban infrastructure, the cognitive cities. This could represent a major urban revolution, with a major improvement on the quality of life. On the other hand, the management of this collective urban structure autonomously brings major ethical and moral questions. This investigation discusses the technologies that brought this urban revolution, and the challenges of humanity to establish the limiting parameters to use those technologies. Additionally, this investigation also addressees the new urban environment, discussing the role of technology in society. decades science applications consequence impacted online information efficiently Therefore emerges cities apps data revolution life hand questions Additionally environment society

RESUMO Os avanços tecnológicos das últimas duas décadas, particularmente nos dispositivos eletrônicos e computação, abriram o caminho para uma extensa lista de potenciais aplicações, em diversas áreas, impactando decisivamente as ações humanas. A proliferação dos equipamentos eletrônicos, tanto de uso pessoal como de coletivo, e conectados de forma ininterrupta, favoreceu a criação e disponibilização de um extenso conjunto de informações, sobre demandas individuais e coletivas, podendo ser utilizadas para gerenciar uma estrutura urbana de forma mais eficiente e otimizada. Surge assim o conceito de estruturas urbanas com uma forma de inteligência subliminar, as cidades inteligentes. Um passo tecnológico complementar foi a proliferação dos gadgets e apps, permitindo um crescimento sem precedentes no volume de dados disponíveis, e que podem ser usados por algoritmos de inteligência artificial para tomar decisões autônomas em tempo real na gestão da infraestrutura urbana, as cidades cognitivas. Embora isso possa representar uma grande revolução urbana, com a melhoria na qualidade de vida nas cidades, o funcionamento de uma estrutura coletiva de forma totalmente autônoma traz consigo profundos questionamentos éticos e morais. Aqui, discutimos as tecnologias que levaram a essa revolução urbana, e os consequentes desafios da humanidade para estabelecer os parâmetros limitantes para o uso dessas tecnologias, e de como este novo cenário urbano resgata o debate sobre o papel da tecnologia na sociedade e no progresso da humanidade. décadas computação aplicações áreas humanas coletivo ininterrupta informações coletivas otimizada subliminar inteligentes apps disponíveis cognitivas morais Aqui

Resumen Internet de las Cosas (IoT) es un término que ha ganado importancia esta última década, sus aplicaciones en la construcción de las ciudades inteligentes han llevado a plantear soluciones a problemas asociados a seguridad, energéticas, salud, turismo, movilidad, entre otras. Es en este contexto en donde la movilidad, y en particular la gestión del tráfico, juegan un papel importante ante un aumento de la población en las grandes ciudades. Para mejorar el transporte público, la seguridad vial y una creciente carga vial en las calles se requieren soluciones apoyadas en las tecnologías de la información y comunicación. El presente estudio busca contextualizar estas tecnologías a través del tiempo, los desarrollos tecnológicos que permiten dar el preámbulo a nuevas patentes, y las condiciones para generar tecnologías y su aplicación en la construcción de soluciones al tráfico.

Abstract The Internet of Things (IoT) has gained importance in the last decade. Its applications in the design of smart cities have contributed to address problems of security, energy, health, tourism, mobility, among others. In terms of mobility -especially traffic management- they play an important role given the growth of large cities in order to improve public transport, road safety and road freight, based on ICT solutions. This study is based on the review of patents to contextualize the evolution of IoT over time, the technological developments, as well as the conditions for generating technologies and their application in building traffic solutions.

Abstract This paper analyzes the influence of government support on the implementation of video surveillance, one of the tools usable in smart cities, and the effect of this technology on the performance of public security in the city of Recife. With a qualitative approach, the study locus was the Integrated Center (CIODS), which encompasses the public security forces and provides the video monitoring service in Recife. Interviews were conducted with video surveillance operators. The results show that government support is essential; however, in Recife, it is understood as insufficient for the use of innovations in public security, especially concerning the technology analyzed here. It is concluded that integration between agencies in the video surveillance system favors the expansion and applicability of the concept of smart cities to Recife. Recife approach CIODS, CIODS , (CIODS) operators essential however here (CIODS

Resumo Este trabalho analisa a influência do apoio governamental na implementação da videovigilância, uma das ferramentas utilizáveis em cidades inteligentes, e o efeito desta no desempenho da segurança pública de Recife. De abordagem qualitativa, o locus foi o Centro Integrado (Ciods), que abarca as forças de segurança pública e oferta o serviço de videomonitoramento em Recife. A partir de entrevista com os operadores empregados na videovigilância, os resultados encontrados demonstram que o amparo governamental é essencial, porém, em Recife, ele é entendido como insuficiente ao emprego de inovações na segurança pública, em especial na tecnologia analisada. Ainda assim, conclui-se que a integração entre os órgãos no sistema de videovigilância favorece a expansão e a aplicabilidade do conceito de cidades inteligentes a Recife. Recife qualitativa Ciods, Ciods , (Ciods) essencial porém analisada assim concluise conclui se (Ciods

Abstract The application of information and communication technologies to manage cities introduces an intricate problem for democracies on a global scale. The smart-cities paradigm is presented as an “objective” and “apolitical” management model, based on the idea that platforms are neutral tools and that the extracted data is merely a reflection of reality. These premises imply, on the one hand, the expansion of neo-extractivist capitalist logics regarding the proliferation and circulation of data, and, on the other, reinforce a police order that threatens the possibilities of a democratic politics in a radical sense. The logics of virtualization involve the expansion of a cognitive capitalism embedded with a corporate social ethics typical of neoliberal governmentality that creates and recreates new forms of subjection. However, this is not an unprecedented phenomenon. In this article, the city of Buenos Aires is considered as a paradigmatic case to trace back the way in which different technocratic views functioned as antecedents of “smart cities”, particularly from the 1930s and the emergence of urbanism. In this way, it seeks to avoid falling into technological and ahistorical biases, to try to understand the many-layered current urban scenario.

Resumo A aplicação de tecnologias de informação e comunicação para governar cidades apresenta um problema complexo para as democracias a nível global. O paradigma das cidades inteligentes é apresentado como um modelo de gestão "objetivo" e "apolítico", baseado na ideia de que as plataformas são ferramentas neutras e que os dados extraídos são um mero reflexo da realidade. Estas premissas implicam, por um lado, a expansão de lógicas capitalistas neoextrativistas que envolvem a proliferação e circulação de dados e, por outro lado, reforçam uma ordem policial que ameaça as possibilidades de uma política democrática em um sentido radical. As lógicas de virtualização envolvem a expansão de um capitalismo cognitivo impregnado por uma ética social empresarial típica da governamentalidade neoliberal, que cria e recria novas formas de sujeição. No entanto, este não é um fenômeno sem precedentes. Neste artigo, a cidade de Buenos Aires é tomada como caso paradigmático para rastrear o modo como diferentes visões tecnocráticas funcionaram como antecedentes das smart cities, especialmente a partir da década de 1930 com o surgimento do urbanismo. Dessa forma, busca-se evitar cair em perspectivas tecnologistas e a-históricas, para tentar entender a complexidade do cenário urbano atual.

Resumen La aplicación de tecnologías de información y comunicación para gobernar ciudades presenta un problema complejo para las democracias a nivel global. El paradigma de las smart cities se presenta como modelo de gestión “objetivo” y “apolítico”, al apoyarse en la idea de que las plataformas son herramientas neutras y que los datos extraídos son un mero reflejo de la realidad. Estas premisas implican, por un lado, la expansión de lógicas capitalistas neoextractivistas que conciernen a la proliferación y circulación de datos y, por el otro, refuerzan un orden policial que atenta contra las posibilidades de una política democrática en un sentido radical. Las lógicas de virtualización involucran la expansión de un capitalismo cognitivo impregnado por una ética social de la empresa propia de la gubernamentalidad neoliberal, que crea y recrea nuevas formas de sujeción. Sin embargo, no se trata de un fenómeno sin precedentes. En el presente artículo, se toma a la Ciudad de Buenos Aires como caso paradigmático para rastrear el modo en que distintas miradas tecnocráticas funcionaron como antecedentes de las smart cities, en particular a partir de la década del treinta con el surgimiento del urbanismo. De esta forma, se busca evitar caer en perspectivas tecnologicistas y ahistóricas, para intentar entender la complejidad del escenario urbano actual.

RESUMEN En este artículo de revisión se propone un dispositivo conceptual para el análisis tecnopedagógico de los espacios verdes urbanos. Se cuestiona de qué manera los parques urbanos se integran a las redes de prácticas educativas y de aprendizaje que ocurren en el espacio público y si es posible organizarlos como estrategia pedagógica. Se propone el pentágono pedagógico de los parques (PPP) como lente conceptual y analítico para lograr que los parques urbanos, y todo lo que en ellos sucede y está presente, comuniquen educativamente. El PPP es un entramado de cinco categorías (pedagogía pública, ciudades del aprendizaje, aprendizaje inteligente, ciberparques y lenguaje museográfico) que en su articulación transforman la mirada hacia los parques para intervenir en ellos como territorios emergentes de aprendizaje.

ABSTRACT This article proposes a conceptual device for the techno-pedagogical analysis of urban green spaces. It explores how urban parks are integrated into the networks of educational and learning practices that occur in the public space and if it is possible to organize them as pedagogical strategies. The Pedagogical Pentagon of Parks (PPP) is proposed as a conceptual, analytical lens to ensure that urban parks and everything happening and present in them communicate educationally. The PPP is a framework of five articulated categories (public pedagogy, learning cities, smart learning, cyberparks, and museographic language) that transform our view towards the parks to intervene in them as emerging learning territories.

RESUMEN La recopilación de datos para la implementación de ciudades inteligentes es cada vez más importante en el entorno urbano actual. Estas ciudades del futuro se construyen a partir de la incorporación de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) en sus infraestructuras y servicios con el objetivo de mejorar la eficacia, la sostenibilidad y la calidad de vida de sus habitantes. En este sentido, la adquisición sistemática de datos se posiciona como una práctica esencial para el crecimiento exitoso de estas ciudades con visión de futuro y se apoya en una serie de pilares. No obstante, es fundamental reconocer que la relevancia de la información varía según las particularidades y prioridades de cada ciudad, por lo que se requiere un enfoque flexible y adaptativo para aprovechar al máximo el potencial de las ciudades inteligentes. Considerando esto, el objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar información relevante para el desarrollo futuro del concepto de ciudades inteligentes en Azerbaiyán. En el trabajo se presentan los resultados de análisis realizados en las ciudades de Ganja, Mingachevir y Yevlakh, que son ciudades importantes de la República de Azerbaiyán. Durante la investigación se utilizaron métodos tanto tradicionales como modernos haciéndose énfasis en el procesamiento de imágenes satelitales. Creemos que esta información será relevante para futuras investigaciones en el tema, y que al hacer más visible esta se favorecerá un ambiente de colaboración y el paulatino involucramiento activo de la población en la toma de decisiones, fomentando así la creación de políticas más inclusivas y acordes con las necesidades reales de los habitantes.

ABSTRACT Data collection for smart city implementation is becoming increasingly important in today's urban environment. These cities of the future are built from the incorporation of information and communication technologies (ICT) in their infrastructures and services with the aim of improving the efficiency, sustainability and quality of life of their inhabitants. In this sense, the systematic acquisition of data is positioned as an essential practice for the successful growth of these cities with a vision of the future and is supported by a series of pillars. However, it is essential to recognize that the relevance of the information varies according to the particularities and priorities of each city, therefore a flexible and adaptive approach is required to take full advantage of the potential of smart cities. Considering this, the aim of this paper was to analyze relevant information for the future development of the concept of smart cities in Azerbaijan. The work presents the results of analyzes carried out in the cities of Ganja, Mingachevir and Yevlakh, which are important cities of the Republic of Azerbaijan. During the investigation, both traditional and modern methods were used, emphasizing the processing of satellite images. We believe that this information will be relevant for future research on the subject, and that making it more visible will favor an environment of collaboration and the gradual active involvement of the population in decision-making, thus promoting the creation of more inclusive and consistent policies, with the real needs of the inhabitants.