Abstract (Introduction): Vinasse is generated as a residue in the production of ethanol by fermentation-distillation of molasses/sugar cane juice, at a rate of 13 L/L of ethanol. It is an acid liquid, brown in color, characterized by high mineralization and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) values of up to 150 000 mg/L, being highly polluting. (Objective): The objective of this research was to evaluate a vinasse treatment process with hydrogen peroxide as a source of hydroxyl radicals at laboratory scale. (Methodology): The vinasse samples, from different distilleries in the province of Tucumán, were characterized following standardized techniques of Standard Methods. The oxidation tests were carried out with different peroxide/vinasses ratios, in a semi-batch reactor, under ambient conditions, measuring COD as an indicator parameter of the treatment. (Results): After 5 days, an 85 % decrease in COD and an increase in the Biodegradability Index were achieved. The kinetics of the oxidative reaction was first order with respect to COD, with an apparent rate constant of 0.3694 1/day. (Conclusions): Although the COD values allowed by local regulations (250 mg/L) were not reached, the proposed treatment is encouraging due to its simplicity, representing a potential option to the environmental challenge represented by vinaze in Latin America.

Resumen (Introducción): La vinaza se genera como residuo en la producción de etanol por fermentación-destilación de melazas/jugos de caña de azúcar, a razón de 13 L/L de etanol. Es un efluente líquido, ácido caracterizado por una elevada mineralización y valores de demanda química de oxígeno (DQO) de hasta 150 000 mg/L, siendo altamente contaminante. (Objetivo): Ealuar un proceso de tratamiento de vinazas con peróxido de hidrógeno, como fuente de radicales hidroxilos, en escala laboratorio. (Metodología): Las muestras de vinazas, de destilerías de la provincia de Tucumán, se caracterizaron según técnicas normalizadas de Standard Methods. Los ensayos de oxidación se realizaron con distintas relaciones de peróxido/vinaza, en un reactor semibatch, en condiciones ambientales, midiendo DQO como parámetro indicador del tratamiento. (Resultados): Al cabo de cinco días se logró una disminución de DQO del 85 % y un aumento del Índice de Biodegradabilidad. La cinética de la reacción oxidativa fue de primer orden respecto de DQO, con una constante aparente de velocidad de 0.3694 1/día. (Conclusiones): Si bien no se lograron los valores de DQO permitidos por la normativa local (250 mg/L), el tratamiento propuesto es alentador por su simpleza, representando una opción potencial al desafío ambiental que representan las vinazas en América Latina.

Abstract (Introduction): In the removal of chromium (VI) from tannery wastewater, physicochemical methods are the most used. However, these require high operating costs, and worse still, generate secondary pollutants that again require complementary treatments for their elimination. Given this, the applicability of vegetable organic biomass (VOB) emerges as an environmental alternative based on: the simplicity of its obtaining, the reduction as waste, it does not generate secondary pollutants and, above all, it removes chromium (VI). (Objective): Use VOB waste in an aerobic sequential biological reactor (SBR) for the removal of chromium (VI) in the treatment of tannery wastewater. (Methodology): 3 aerobic SBR systems were implemented; 2 controls (SBR1 and SBR2) and 1 study subject (SBR+VOB). Each system was fed with tannery wastewater (18 L) and connected to an aeration mechanism (12.7 L/min). The bacterial inoculum, a fundamental part of an SBR system, was gained from the selective culture of chromium (VI) reducing bacteria (RBCrVI) taken from the wastewater under study, and integrated into SBR2 and SBR+VOB at 0.6 g/L. The VOB was obtained from Stenotaphrum secundatum residues, fragmented, sieved, sterilized and integrated into the SBR+VOB at 1.5 g/L. (Results): The SBR+VOB system achieved the highest percentage of chromium (VI) removal (93 %), followed by SBR2 (80.1 %), and finally SBR1 (2.8 %). With respect to COD and TSS, the statistical test (Tukey) showed that there was no significant difference between the system under study and the controls, recording COD removal percentages ranging from 87.8 % to 88.4 %, and TSS ranging from 63.8 % to 69.2 %. (Conclusions): The viability of using VOB waste to remove chromium (VI) in the treatment of tannery wastewater has been evidenced. The results of this research create a promising panorama to mitigate the effects derived from inadequate management of tannery wastewater and organic solid waste.

Resumen (Introducción): En la remoción de cromo (VI) de aguas residuales de curtiembre, los métodos fisicoquímicos son los más empleados. Sin embargo, estos demandan altos costos operativos y, peor aún, generan contaminantes secundarios que nuevamente requieren tratamientos complementarios para su eliminación. Ante ello, la aplicabilidad de la biomasa orgánica vegetal (BOV) emerge como una alternativa ambiental sobre la base de: la simplicidad de su obtención, la disminución como residuo, no genera contaminantes secundarios y, sobre todo, de remover cromo (VI). (Objetivo): Usar residuos de BOV en un reactor biológico secuencial (RBS) aerobio, para la remoción de cromo (VI) en el tratamiento de agua residual de curtiembre. (Metodología): Se implementaron 3 sistemas RBS aerobios; 2 controles (RBS1 y RBS2) y 1 materia de estudio (RBS+BOV). Cada sistema fue alimentado con agua residual de curtiembre (18 L) y conectado a un mecanismo de aireación (12.7 L/ min). El inóculo bacteriano, parte fundamental de un sistema RBS, se obtuvo a partir del cultivo selectivo de bacterias reductoras de cromo (VI) (BRCrVI), tomadas del agua residual en estudio e integradas al RBS2 y RBS+BOV a 0.6 g/L. La BOV se obtuvo de residuos de Stenotaphrum secundatum, fragmentado, tamizado, esterilizado e integrado al RBS+BOV a 1.5 g/L. (Resultados): El sistema SRB+BOV alcanzó el mayor porcentaje de remoción de cromo (VI) (93 %), seguido por SBR2 (80.1 %) y, por último, de RBS1 (2.8 %). Con respecto a la DQO y SST, la prueba estadística (Tukey) arrojó que no había diferencia significativa entre el sistema en estudio y los controles, por lo que registró porcentajes de remoción de DQO que van de 87.8 % a 88.4 % y SST que van de 63.8 % a 69.2 %. (Conclusiones): Se ha evidenciado la viabilidad del aprovechamiento de residuos de BOV para remover cromo (VI) en el tratamiento de agua residual de curtiembre. Los resultados de la presente investigación crean un panorama prometedor para mitigar los efectos derivados de la inadecuada gestión de las aguas residuales de curtiembre y de los residuos sólidos orgánicos.

Abstract: The notion of natura took on a transcendental meaning in medieval times. Essentially, human beings did not belong to a natural order, but rather a supernatural one. Hence, the important thing was not the search for an orientation toward nature above all, but the subsequent adaptation to the supernatural. Mortals experienced freedom in the realm of nature, but natura did not guarantee them the measure of morality. Human nature thus received its ultimate identification beyond its natural being; that is, on the transcendental plane. Judeo-Christianity assigned the main role of creation to humanity and the more it participated in the divine likeness, the less it differed from the Creator, thus taking the path to redemption. This article will address the relationship between medieval conceptions of nature and the belief that human beings were the only species created “in the image and likeness of God.” Having discussed this link, it will examine from a philosophical perspective how this belief has resulted in what I have called “theo-narcissism” before indicating possible ways to overcome this problem.

Resumen: En la Época Medieval la noción de natura adquirió un sentido trascendente. El ser humano, en esencia, no pertenecía a un orden natural, sino a uno sobrenatural; de ahí que lo relevante no fuese ante todo la búsqueda de la orientación hacia la naturaleza, sino la adecuación ulterior a lo sobrenatural. En el ámbito de la naturaleza los mortales experimentaban libertad, pero la natura no les garantizaba la medida de la moralidad. La naturaleza humana recibió así su identificación última fuera de su ser natural, es decir, en el plano trascendente. El judeocristianismo le atribuyó al ser humano el rol principal de la creación y mientras más partícipe era de la semejanza divina menos se diferenciaba del Creador, encaminándose de esta manera a la redención. En este artículo se abordará la relación entre las concepciones medievales de la naturaleza y la creencia de que el ser humano fue la única especie creada ‘a imagen y semejanza de Dios’. Develado este vínculo, se sondeará, desde una perspectiva filosófica, cómo ha redundado esta creencia en lo que he denominado “teonarcisismo” con el objetivo de señalar, finalmente, posibles formas de superación de esta problemática.

Abstract This research is undertaken, motivated by the need to unravel the progression of learning models, which have been adapting to meet the demands of society in its constant dynamics of fluctuation and transformation. The aim of this work is to systematically examine the evolution of learning models, highlighting the paradigmatic changes that have favored the transition from traditional learning approaches to more innovative and transdisciplinary proposals. To achieve this, a bibliographic analysis is carried out, supported by the hermeneutic method for the contextual interpretation of literature and discourses, in order to unravel the complexities inherent in the evolution of learning models. The results highlight the limiting influence of the simplicity paradigm in traditional educational formation and the need for a shift towards dialogicity and disciplinary collaboration and integration to advance towards complexity. It concludes by arguing in favor of adopting the complexity paradigm, advocating for a transdisciplinary epistemology and an interstructuring approach to learning, which allow for integral human development. Recognizing human complexity in teaching and learning demands a radical transformation of education towards more holistic and transformative practices, essential for building an equitable and just society.

Resumen Esta investigación se emprende motivada por la necesidad de desentrañar la progresión de los modelos de aprendizaje, los cuales se han ido adaptando para responder a las demandas de la sociedad en su dinámica constante de fluctuación y transformaciones. El objetivo de este trabajo es examinar de forma sistemática la evolución de los modelos de aprendizaje, destacando los cambios paradigmáticos que han favorecido la transición de enfoques de aprendizaje tradicionales hacia propuestas más innovadoras y transdisciplinarias. Para lograrlo, se lleva a cabo un análisis bibliográfico apoyado en el método hermenéutico para la interpretación contextual de la literatura y los discursos, a fin de desentrañar las complejidades inherentes en la evolución de los modelos de aprendizaje. Los resultados resaltan la influencia limitante del paradigma de la simplicidad en la formación educativa tradicional y la necesidad de un giro hacia la dialogicidad y la colaboración e integración disciplinaria para avanzar hacia la complejidad. Se concluye argumentando a favor de la adopción del paradigma de la complejidad, abogando por una epistemología transdisciplinaria y un enfoque de aprendizaje interestructurante, que permitan el desarrollo humano integral. El reconocimiento de la complejidad humana en la enseñanza y el aprendizaje exige una transformación radical de la educación hacia prácticas más holísticas y transformadoras, esenciales para construir una sociedad equitativa y justa.

ABSTRACT: Moche pictorial art, despite its simplicity of style, reveals to contain multiple mystical meanings. Centuries of cultural heritage and philosophical thought fall on its figures and narrative forms. Thus, once their most basic techniques are understood, the narrative and metaphorical meaning they contain can be studied. One of the most recurrent of these figures and metaphors was the one referring to the snake-jaguar animal hybrid, a mythological creature referring to renewal. Its image of regeneration emphasized, in its deepest interpretation, the inexhaustible circle of life after death; applied with special interest to agriculture and the maintenance of human order. The other vision, the most profane, referred to the necessary renewal of political power; to the death and rebirth of the authority of the Moche rulers. The strategy of the Mochica ruling elite went through various moments of anguish, especially due to the climatological disasters caused by unexpected floods and torrents or received without proper preparation, which put the authorities in charge of dealing with the divinities and praying, for a climate without surprises, directly on the target. Therefore, regeneration, that is, the death and rebirth of the ruling leadership, was necessary. Through it, it was stated that the new authorities had overcome their weaknesses and were returning, this time stronger, to continue occupying their position. The icon with which the Mochicas expressed this phenomenon of exhaustion of authority and its subsequent reinforcement was that of snakes with the heads of jaguars. ABSTRACT art style meanings forms Thus understood studied snakejaguar snake jaguar hybrid emphasized interpretation order vision profane power rulers anguish preparation praying surprises target Therefore is leadership returning stronger position jaguars

RESUMEN: El arte pictórico mochica, pese a su simplicidad de estilo, revela contener múltiples significados místicos. Sobre sus figuras y formas narrativas recaen siglos de herencia cultural y pensamiento filosófico. Así, comprendida sus técnicas más elementales, puede estudiarse el sentido narrativo y metafórico que encierran. Una de las más recurrentes de esas figuras y metáforas fue la referida al híbrido animal serpiente-jaguar, una criatura mitológica referida a la renovación. Su imagen de regeneración hacía hincapié, en su interpretación más profunda, en el círculo inagotable de la vida tras la muerte; aplicado con especial interés a la agricultura y al sostenimiento del orden humano. La otra visión, la más profana, hacía referencia a la renovación necesaria del poder político; a la muerte y renacimiento de la autoridad de los gobernantes Moche. La estrategia de la élite gobernante mochica pasó por momentos diversos de angustia, especialmente debido a los desastres climatológicos provocados por los aluviones y torrentes no esperados o recibidos sin la debida preparación, lo que ponía a las autoridades, encargadas de tratar con las divinidades y rogar por un clima sin sorpresas, directamente en la diana. Por ello, la regeneración, esto es, la muerte y renacimiento de la cúpula gobernante, resultaba necesaria. A través de ella se hacía constar que las nuevas autoridades habían superado sus flaquezas y volvían, esta vez más fuertes, para seguir ocupando su puesto. El icono con que los mochicas expresaban este fenómeno de agotamiento de la autoridad y su ulterior reforzamiento, fue el de las serpientes con cabeza de jaguar. RESUMEN estilo místicos filosófico Así elementales encierran serpientejaguar, serpientejaguar serpiente jaguar, jaguar serpiente-jaguar hincapié profunda humano visión profana político Moche angustia preparación sorpresas diana ello es volvían fuertes puesto reforzamiento

Resumen En un espacio limitado y con una amplia oferta de productos, el ruido visual de los empaques es abrumador. En este estudio se propone que un empaque con un diseño simple impacta positivamente al consumidor, primero, porque se percibe como un empaque prémium y, segundo, porque aumenta la intención de compra. En la metodología se usó un diseño experimental intrasujeto. Los participantes fueron expuestos aleatoriamente a dos imágenes de producto, en este caso, leche líquida: un diseño de empaque simple y otro complejo. Luego respondieron una encuesta en la que expresaron su percepción prémium del producto y su intención de compra. Los resultados soportaron la mediación total: el empaque simple, en comparación con el complejo, aumentó la percepción de que se está ante un producto prémium, lo que a su vez aumentó la intención de compra. Clasificación JEL: M30; M31; M39.

Abstract In a limited shelf space and with a wide product offering, the visual noise of packaging can be overwhelming. This study proposes that packaging with a simple design positively impacts the consumer: firstly, it is perceived as premium packaging, and secondly, it increases purchase intention. The methodology uses an intra-subject experimental design. Participants were randomly exposed to two product images, in this case, liquid milk: one with a simple packaging design and the other with a complex design. Next, they completed a survey where they indicated their perception of the product as premium and their purchase intention. The results support full mediation: compared to complex packaging, simple packaging increased the perception that the product is premium, which in turn increases purchase intention.

Resumo Em um espaço limitado e com uma ampla oferta de produtos, o ruído visual das embalagens é esmagador. Este estudo propõe que uma embalagem com um desenho simples impacta positivamente o consumidor, primeiro, porque é percebida como uma embalagem premium e, segundo, porque aumenta a intenção de compra. Na metodologia, foi utilizado um desenho experimental intra-sujeito. Os participantes foram expostos aleatoriamente a duas imagens de produto, neste caso, leite líquido: um desenho de embalagem simples e outro complexo. Em seguida, responderam a uma pesquisa na qual expressaram sua percepção premium do produto e sua intenção de compra. Os resultados suportaram a mediação total: a embalagem simples, em comparação com a complexa, aumentou a percepção de que se trata de um produto premium, o que, por sua vez, aumentou a intenção de compra.

The performance of the most frequently used flood frequency probability distributions in South AfriCd (Log-Normal, Log Pearson3 and Generalised Extreme Value) were reviewed and all tend to perform poorly when lower exceedance probability frequency events are estimated, especially where outliers are present in the dataset. This can be attributed to the challenge when analysing very limited 'samples' of annual flood peak populations, which are an unknown. At present outliers are inadequately 'managed' by attempting to 'normalise'the flood peak dataset, which conceals the significance of the observed data. Thus, to adequately consider the outliers, this study was undertaken with the aim to improve the current statistical approach by developing a more stable and consistent methodology to estimate flood quantiles. The approach followed in the development of the new methodology, called IPZA, might be considered as unconventional, given that a multiple regression approach was used to accommodate the strongly skewed data, which are often associated with annual flood peak series. The main advantages of IPZA are consistency, the simplicity of application (only one set of frequency factors for every parameter, regardless of the skewness),the integrated handling of outliers and the use of conventional method of moments, thereby eliminating the need to adjust any moments. The performance of IPZA exceeded initial expectations. The results are more consistent ind, by taking outliers into account, appear to be more sensible than existing probability distributions. It is recommended that IPZA should be used as a valuable addition to the existing set of decision-making tools for hydrologists/engineers performing flood frequency analyses.

Flow Characteristics (FC) is one of the few methods developed for predicting long-term sustainable borehole yield of single wells in typical fractured rock aquifers. The FC method uses drawdown derivatives and subjective information on no-flow boundaries to estimate a sustainable borehole yield that should not cause the water level to drop below the main water strike (fracture) during long-term operations. Since its development, the FC method has been widely applied in many research and consulting projects. Two decades after its development, a review of its technical capabilities and limitations is necessary to enhance understanding among groundwater practitioners while building a platform for further improvements. The main strength of the method is its simplicity of use, its ability to protect the main water strike/fracture, and its lower susceptibility to the influence of aquifer heterogeneities because it does not require the input of aquifer storativity and transmissivity. The FC method also caters to the negative influence of impermeable boundaries, thereby enabling planning for different low-yield-causing scenarios. However, the major limitation is in using the subjective closed no-flow boundary without factoring aquifer storativity and the distance of the closed no-flow boundary from the pumping well. Under the influence of the closed no-flow boundary, the water must come from aquifer storage, hence the storativity and the size of the bounded aquifer are very critical parameters. It is therefore incorrect to factor in the influence of the closed no-flow boundary without considering its exact location. This limitation is reflected in the absence of criteria to determine the distance of the closed no-flow boundary from the pumping well for validating the FC results using numerical models. The FC method still needs validation using field operational data; other recommendations for future research are highlighted in the discussion.

Abstract Objective: To report the experience of creating and providing a self-instructional course about oral cancer, in a Telehealth platform, to Community Health Workers, and to analyze the participants’ clinic and demographic profile. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study of development and implementing experience of a course carried on a virtual learning environment, based on ADDIE, an Instructional Design model. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was applied, with 95% confidence level for quantitative variables. Results: The initial stage consisted of constructing the online course. In the second stage, the course was provided in a virtual learning environment. The course "Abre a boca, meu povo! - O que você precisa saber sobre o câncer de boca” was provided to the target audience with a student’s guide, initial survey, four modules with video lessons, initial and final knowledge test, satisfaction evaluation and certificate. Simplicity, clarity and objectivity have been prioritised in the transmission of knowledge. The final sample comprised 205 Community Health Workers. The predominant profile consisted of professionals aged between 40 and 49 years, female, with more than 10 years of career. Conclusions: The course achieved its objectives, revealing a satisfactory number of professionals in its first edition.

Resumo Objetivo: Relatar a experiência da criação e disponibilização de curso autoinstrucional sobre câncer de boca, em plataforma de Telessaúde, para Agentes Comunitários de Saúde, e analisar o perfil clínico-demográfico dos participantes. Metodologia: Estudo transversal descritivo da experiência de implantação e desenvolvimento de curso realizado em ambiente virtual de aprendizagem, baseado em ADDIE, um modelo de Design Instrucional. Foi aplicado teste de normalidade de Kolmogorov-Smirnov, com 95% de confiança para variáveis quantitativas. Resultados: A primeira fase consistiu na construção do curso on-line. Na segunda fase, o curso foi disponibilizado em ambiente virtual de aprendizagem. O curso "Abre a boca, meu povo! - O que você precisa saber sobre o câncer de boca” foi disponibilizado ao público-alvo com um manual do aluno, enquete inicial, quatro módulos com videoaulas, testes de conhecimentos inicial e final, avaliação de satisfação e certificado. Simplicidade, clareza e objetividade foram priorizadas na transmissão dos conhecimentos. A amostra final foi composta por 205 Agentes Comunitários de Saúde. O perfil predominante foi de profissionais com idade entre 40 e 49 anos, do sexo feminino, com mais de 10 anos de carreira. Conclusões: O curso atingiu os objetivos propostos, revelando um quantitativo satisfatório de profissionais, em sua primeira edição.

BACKGROUND: This article highlights how the Inclusive, Manumit, Practice-based, Accessible, Community-focused and Timely (I.M.P.A.C.T.) framework, a practical evaluation tool grounded in indigenous and culturally responsive and equitable evaluation (CREE) practices, can help expand the narrative from Made in Africa to Africa-led evaluation OBJECTIVES: When building decolonised evaluation methods that are Africa-led, it is imperative that there be practical tools for evaluators. The authors describe their personal and professional influences on evaluation practice and contend that evaluation that fails to account for people's lived experiences often fails to produce solutions with sustainable, positive impacts METHOD: The I.M.P.A.C.T. framework, created by the authors and briefly outlined, is meant for use to advance CREE among multicultural, under-resourced communities RESULTS: The framework can help illuminate the multifaceted contexts of various countries represented in community-oriented work CONCLUSION: Evaluators may apply it when planning, designing or implementing evaluations CONTRIBUTION: Furthermore, the simplicity of the I.M.P.A.C.T. framework encourages evaluators to keep in mind what socio-cultural dimensions to consider in advance of and while carrying out an evaluation

Yellowstone is an American, contemporary Western primetime television series which has evolved into a cultural phenomenon. In this article, we critically read purposive samples from this popular cultural text through the prism of the plaasroman (Afrikaans farm novel), a seminal subgenre in Afrikaans literature. Through an analysis of a range of tropes, we identify similarities between these seemingly disparate genres in terms of the representation of the Boer and Frontier myth, ownership and belonging, centre-periphery dichotomies, and identity. The value of this analysis is two-fold: First, it lies in what such a comparative analysis reveals about the contemporary moment in both a local and transnational context. The resurgence of nostalgic yearning for a particular brand of patriarchal, heteronormative, conservative, rural simplicity in the narratives of Yellowstone is read against the background of farm, and land, as depicted in the plaasroman. This is relevant given that there is a similar propensity for nostalgia in certain South African contexts which takes the form of appropriations of the construct of the Afrikaner Boer imaginary and the concomitant utopian farm ideal. Second, and perhaps more importantly, we argue that analysing Yellowstone from the theoretical vantage point of the plaasroman, which originates from a minor language and literary system, inverts the ways in which Global North genre-lenses are usually used to read Global South genres. The research follows a controlled case comparison approach and, building on a deep description of the plaasroman, presents an analysis and interpretation of Yellowstone's first season.

Insufficient quality of the underlying cause of death in the Brazilian Mortality Information System (SIM), acronym in Portuguese underlists violence and it is necessary to redistribute garbage causes (GC) into valid causes in public health prevention. This study estimated mortality from external causes using the GC redistribution method (GBD-Brazil) and compared it with SIM and estimated data from the GBD-IHME study from 2010 to 2019 in Brazil and its states. The GBD-Brazil GC redistribution algorithm applies previous steps of the GBD-IHME with modifications, using two criteria: proportion of target causes (valid) or reclassification of investigated causes. The SIM data were not adjusted. Standardized rates by direct method, local regression in the time series, and the ratio of the GBD-Brazil and SIM rates are used as correction factors for traffic injuries, falls, suicides, and homicides. Brazil recorded 1.34 million deaths with valid external causes and 171,700 CG in ten years. The redistribution of GC from GBD-Brazil increased valid causes by 12.2%, and the trend curve of the rates was similar to that found with SIM data, but diverged from each other and from the GBD-IHME in states in the North and Northeast regions. The GBD-Brazil estimates changed the pattern of external causes in the states, applying greater corrections to falls in the states of the North and Northeast and homicides in the other states. The GBD-Brazil method can be used in the analysis of violent deaths because it seeks greater methodological simplicity, which guarantees both replication by public managers and consistency of the estimated data, considering the local composition of the data in the redistribution process.

La calidad insuficiente de la causa de muerte en el Sistema de Información de Mortalidad brasileño (SIM) subestima la violencia, por lo cual es necesario redistribuir las causas garbage (CG) en causas válidas en la prevención de la salud pública. Este estudio estimó la mortalidad por causas externas por el método de redistribución de CG (GBD-Brasil) y la comparó con los datos de SIM y con los datos estimados del estudio GBD-IHME de 2010 a 2019 por el país (Brasil) y sus estados. El algoritmo de redistribución de CG del GBD-Brasil aplica los pasos anteriores de GBD-IHME con modificaciones, utilizando dos criterios: proporción de causas objetivo (válidas) o reclasificación de las causas investigadas. Los datos del SIM no están corregidos. Las tasas estandarizadas se utilizan método directo, regresión local en las series de tiempo y relación de tasas GBD-Brasil y SIM como factor de corrección para lesiones de tráfico, caídas, suicidios y homicidios. Brasil registró 1,34 millones de muertes por causas externas válidas y 171.700 CG en diez años. La redistribución de CG de GBD-Brasil aumentó las causas válidas en un 12,2%, y la curva de tendencia de las tasas fue similar a la encontrada con los datos SIM, pero divergieron entre sí y con el GBD-IHME en los estados del Norte y Nordeste. Las estimaciones del GBD-Brasil cambiaron el patrón de causas externas en los estados mediante la aplicación de mayores correcciones a las caídas en los estados del Norte y Nordeste y a los homicidios en los otros estados. El método GBD-Brasil se puede utilizar en el análisis de muertes violentas porque es una metodología más simple, lo que garantiza tanto la replicación por parte de los gestores públicos como la consistencia de los datos estimados, teniendo en cuenta la composición local de los datos en el proceso de redistribución.

A qualidade insuficiente da causa básica de óbito no Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM) subenumera as violências, e se faz necessária a redistribuição das causas garbage (CG) em causas válidas na prevenção em saúde pública. Este estudo estimou a mortalidade de causas externas usando método de redistribuição de CG (GBD-Brasil), e comparou com dados do SIM e estimados do estudo GBD-IHME de 2010 a 2019 no Brasil e Unidades Federativas (UF). O algoritmo de redistribuição das CG do GBD-Brasil aplica etapas prévias do GBD-IHME com modificações, usando dois critérios: proporção das causas-alvo (válidas) ou reclassificação de causas investigadas. Os dados do SIM estão sem correção. Utiliza-se taxas padronizadas por método direto, regressão local na série temporal e razão das taxas GBD-Brasil e SIM como fator de correção para lesões de trânsito, quedas, suicídios e homicídios. O Brasil registrou 1,34 milhão de óbitos com causas externas válidas e 171.700 CG em 10 anos. A redistribuição de CG do GBD-Brasil aumentou em 12,2% as causas válidas, e a curva de tendência das taxas foi semelhante à encontrada com dados do SIM, mas divergem entre si e com o GBD-IHME em UFs do Norte e do Nordeste. As estimativas do GBD-Brasil mudaram o padrão das causas externas nas UFs, aplicando maiores correções em quedas nas UFs do Norte e do Nordeste e homicídios nas demais UFs. O método GBD-Brasil pode ser utilizado na análise de mortes violentas por buscar maior simplicidade metodológica, que garante tanto replicação por gestores públicos como consistência do dado estimado, considerando a composição local do dado no processo de redistribuição.

Resumen Objetivo Validar el contenido del guion de un recurso audiovisual para personas que viven con el VIH Métodos Estudio metodológico con enfoque cuantitativo, norteado por el marco referencial teórico metodológico de la psicometría. La validación de contenido fue realizada por jueces especialistas en el área temática mediante el uso del método Delphi. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 22 jueces en el primer análisis de validación y siete jueces en el segundo análisis. Resultados Todos los dominios analizados presentaron coeficiente de validez de contenido (CVC) >0,80, con un CVC total (CVCt) de 0,96, consistencia interna casi perfecta, Alfa de Cronbach de 0,988, ICC de 0,982 [IC95 % 0,969-0,991] y p<0,005 significativo en la primera ronda de evaluación de los especialistas. En el segundo análisis, los criterios usados para la validación de contenido presentaron un CVCt de 0,97, con los criterios de objetividad, simplicidad, claridad, relevancia, precisión, variedad, credibilidad y equilibrio, con un 100 % de aprobación. Conclusión Se validó el guion en cuanto al contenido, lo que demuestra que es un instrumento representativo y pertinente para la elaboración del recurso audiovisual. Contribuye al avance del conocimiento científico ya que presenta resultados con rigor metodológico, con innovaciones en el campo de la educación para la salud para personas que viven con el VIH. cuantitativo psicometría Delphi 2 (CVC 080 0 80 >0,80 (CVCt 096 96 0,96 perfecta 0988 988 0,988 0982 982 0,98 IC95 IC [IC9 0,9690,991 09690991 0,969 0,991 969 991 0,969-0,991 p0005 p 005 p<0,00 097 97 0,97 objetividad simplicidad claridad relevancia precisión variedad equilibrio 10 aprobación 08 8 >0,8 09 9 0,9 098 98 IC9 [IC 9690 0,9690,99 0969099 0969 0991 0,99 99 0,969-0,99 p000 00 p<0,0 1 >0, 0, 0,9690,9 096909 099 0,969-0,9 p00 p<0, >0 0,9690, 09690 0,969-0, p0 p<0 > 0,9690 0,969-0 p< 0,969-

Resumo Objetivo Validar o conteúdo do roteiro de um recurso audiovisual para pessoas vivendo com HIV. Métodos Estudo metodológico com abordagem quantitativa, norteado pelo referencial teórico metodológico da psicometria. A validação de conteúdo foi realizada por juízes especialistas na área temática usando a técnica Delphi. A amostra foi composta por 22 juízes na primeira análise de validação e sete juízes na segunda análise. Resultados Todos domínios analisados apresentaram coeficiente de validade de conteúdo (CVC) >0,80, com CVC total (CVCt) de 0,96, consistência interna quase perfeita, Alfa de Cronbach de 0,988, ICC de 0,982 [IC95% 0,969-0,991] e p<0,005 significativo na primeira rodada de avaliação dos especialistas. Na segunda análise, os critérios usados para validação de conteúdo apresentaram CVCt de 0,97, com os critérios de objetividade, simplicidade, clareza, relevância, precisão, variedade, credibilidade e equilíbrio, atingindo 100% de aprovação. Conclusão O roteiro foi validado quanto ao conteúdo, mostrando ser um instrumento representativo e pertinente para construção do recurso audiovisual. Ele contribui para o avanço do conhecimento científico pois apresenta resultados com rigor metodológico, com inovações no campo da educação em saúde para pessoas vivendo com HIV. HIV quantitativa psicometria Delphi 2 (CVC 080 0 80 >0,80 (CVCt 096 96 0,96 perfeita 0988 988 0,988 0982 982 0,98 IC95% IC95 IC [IC95 0,9690,991 09690991 0,969 0,991 969 991 0,969-0,991 p0005 p 005 p<0,00 097 97 0,97 objetividade simplicidade clareza relevância precisão variedade equilíbrio 100 aprovação 08 8 >0,8 09 9 0,9 098 98 IC9 [IC9 9690 0,9690,99 0969099 0969 0991 0,99 99 0,969-0,99 p000 00 p<0,0 10 >0, 0, [IC 0,9690,9 096909 099 0,969-0,9 p00 p<0, 1 >0 0,9690, 09690 0,969-0, p0 p<0 > 0,9690 0,969-0 p< 0,969-

Abstract Objective The study aimed to validate the script content of an audiovisual resource for people living with HIV. Methods This methodological study had a quantitative approach and was guided by the methodological theoretical framework of psychometrics. Content validation was performed by expert judges in the thematic area using the Delphi technique. The sample consisted of 22 judges in the first validation analysis and seven judges in the second analysis. Results All domains analyzed had a content validity coefficient (CVC) >0.80, with a total CVC (CVCt) of 0.96, almost perfect internal consistency, Cronbach’s alpha of 0.988, ICC of 0.982 [95%CI 0.969-0.991], and p<0.005 which was significant in the first round of expert evaluation. In the second analysis, the criteria used for content validation showed a CVCt of 0.97, with the criteria of objectivity, simplicity, clarity, relevance, accuracy, variety, credibility, and balance achieving 100% approval. Conclusion The script was validated in terms of content, showing to be a representative and relevant instrument for building the audiovisual resource. It contributes to the advancement of scientific knowledge as it presents results with methodological accuracy and innovations in the field of health education for people living with HIV. HIV psychometrics technique 2 (CVC 080 0 80 >0.80 (CVCt 096 96 0.96 consistency Cronbachs Cronbach s 0988 988 0.988 0982 982 0.98 95%CI 95CI CI 95 0.9690.991, 09690991 0.969 0.991 , 969 991 0.969-0.991] p0005 p 005 p<0.00 evaluation 097 97 0.97 objectivity simplicity clarity relevance variety credibility 100 approval 08 8 >0.8 09 9 0.9 098 98 9690 0.9690.991 0969099 0969 0991 0.99 99 0.969-0.991 p000 00 p<0.0 10 >0. 0. 0.9690.99 096909 099 0.969-0.99 p00 p<0. 1 >0 0.9690.9 09690 0.969-0.9 p0 p<0 > 0.9690. 0.969-0. p< 0.9690 0.969-0 0.969-

Ferroelectric thin films of 0.2BaTiO3 – 0.8BaZr0.5Ti0.5O3 (BT-BZT) are dielectric materials applied in various sensors, particularly in capacitor manufacturing, due to their excellent electrical properties. This ferroelectric material also has a high dielectric constant value, such that it is suitable for use in Ferroelectric Random Access Memory (FeRAM) and microwaves. Therefore, this study aimed to synthesize thin BT-BZT films with annealing temperature variations of 700 °C, 750 °C, and 800 °C. To achieve this, the sol-gel method was applied to Fluorine Doped Tin Oxide (FTO) substrate, a selected technique for its simplicity and cost-effectiveness. The electrochemical properties were characterized using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The research results show that at a frequency of 100 Hz, the highest dielectric constant obtained was 58975.43 at a temperature of 800 °C. This temperature has the highest resistance compared to other samples. The highest capacitance value is 2.9 µF at a temperature of 700 oC. Therefore, it was concluded that the annealing temperature influenced the dielectric constant and the capacitance values of the capacitor. 02BaTiO3 BaTiO 0 2BaTiO3 0.2BaTiO 08BaZr05Ti05O3 BaZrTiO 8BaZr0 5Ti0 5O3 BaZr Ti O 0.8BaZr0.5Ti0.5O BTBZT BT BZT (BT-BZT sensors manufacturing FeRAM (FeRAM microwaves Therefore 70 C °C 75 80 solgel sol gel FTO (FTO substrate costeffectiveness. costeffectiveness cost effectiveness. effectiveness cost-effectiveness EIS. EIS . (EIS) 10 Hz 5897543 58975 43 58975.4 samples 29 2 9 2. oC 02BaTiO 2BaTiO 08BaZr05Ti05O 8BaZr 5Ti 5O 7 8 (EIS 1 589754 5897 4 58975. 589 58 5